Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 单元语法全解 课件 新人教 必修二
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| 名称 | Unit 1 Cultural Heritage 单元语法全解 课件 新人教 必修二 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-02-25 21:52:13 | ||
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Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
单元语法全解
新人教 必修二
目录
目
录
01
限制性定语从句
05
定语从句表达状语从句的意义
02
非限制性定语从句
04
特殊结构的定语从句
03
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
06
07
语法专项训练
08
答案与解析
限制性定语从句
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限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句：
限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定先行词，与主句的关系非常密切，不用逗号和主句隔开。它说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，如果去掉，就会影响句子意思的完整性。
限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句：
eg：A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.医生就是照顾人们健康的人
eg：This is the school where Tom studied. 这就是汤姆学习过的学校。
eg：I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.
我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
eg：This is the diamond ring (that/which)she referred to.
这就是她提到过的那枚钻石戒指。
非制性定语从句
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非限制性定语从句
非制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句，顾名思义，就是对先行词没有特别限制的定语从句。除了that和why不能引导之外，所有其他关系词如who，whom，which，whose，as，when，where等均可引导。
非制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那样紧密，只是对先行词作些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。翻译时常常不译作定语，而是译成句子。
eg：Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Second World War.昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影，它是关于第二次世界大战的
eg：My parents live in my hometown, which is about 30 kilometres from here．我的父母住在我的家乡，离这里大约有30千米。
（1）非限制性定语从句的特点
非制性定语从句
eg：Milla, who is a distant relative of mine, stdies in the Yale University now.
米拉是我的一位远房亲戚，她现在在耶鲁大学学习
eg：Our camp is located in a beautiful area near a quiet canal,where you will sleep in tents under the stars.我们的营地所在地风景优美，在一条安静的运河附近，你可以在星空下的帐篷里入睡。
（1）非限制性定语从句的特点
非制性定语从句
①当关系代词指代整个主句内容时，用非限制性定语从句（用which或as引导）。
eg：The boy was badly ill,which worried his parents very much.那个男孩病得很严重，这让他的父母很担心。
eg：The heavy rain lasted for half a month, which caused the flood.大雨持续了半个月，引起了水灾。
eg：The film is very instructive, as most audience say.
正如大多数观众所说，这部电影很有教育意义。
（2）非限制性定语从句的使用情况
非制性定语从句
②当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时，用非限制性定语从句。
eg：The moon, which is about 384,000 kilometres away from the earth，creates many beautiful stories.月球，这个离地球大约384000千米远的球体，创造了很多美好的故事
eg：We all honour and respect Albert Einstein, who is the greatest physicist in the world.我们都尊敬阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，他是世界上最伟大的物理学家。
（2）非限制性定语从句的使用情况
非制性定语从句
③先行词指某人的亲属关系，具有唯一性和确认性时，如：son，daughter，father，mother，wife等，用非限制性定语从句。
eg：My father,who is an excellent violinist, is leaving for Canada for performances.我爸爸是一名出色的小提琴手，他正准备去加拿大演出。
（2）非限制性定语从句的使用情况
非制性定语从句
eg：My elder sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day.我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发一封电子邮件。
（除了在上海工作的姐姐外，“我”可能还有其他的姐姐）
eg：My elder sister,who works in Shanghai,sends me an email almost every day.我姐姐在上海工作，她几乎每天都给我发一封电子邮件 （“我”只有一个姐姐）
特别提示
非制性定语从句
④当引导定语从句的关系代词which／whom前有“some／many／few／a few／little／a litte／none／much／most／half等＋of”时，多用非限制性定语从句。
eg：I know three foreign teachers,two of whom are from Canada.我认识三名外籍老师，其中两名来自加拿大。
eg：He earns only 1, 200 yuan a month, half of which is gien to his son at college．他一个月仅赚1200元，其中一半给了他上大学的儿子。
eg：There is too much information on the Internet,some of which is unreliable.因特网上信息太多，其中一些不可靠。
（2）非限制性定语从句的使用情况
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
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限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
区别 从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与整个句子的关系 密切；若去掉会影响句子意义的完整性 松散；只是补充说明，去掉后不影响句子意义的表达
逗号的运用 不用逗号 一般用逗号
that和 why 可用that或why 不可用that或why
which 和 who 在从句中作宾语时可否省略 可省略 不可省略
whom在从句中作宾语时可否用that或who 替代 可替代 不可替代
可否修饰整个句子 不可 可以修饰整个句子，有逗号隔开，由which或as引导
翻译时的区别 常译作定语 常译为句子
限制性定语从句与非限制
性定语从句的区别
eg：In our company there are two experts who come from Germany.我们公司有两位来自德国的专家。（还有其他不是来自德国的专家）
eg：In our company there are two experts, who come from Germany.我们公司有两位专家，他们都来自德国。
as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
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as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
as与which引导的非限制
性定语从句的区别
as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别：
关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，指代整个主句的意思。但as和which具有不同的词义和用法。
as与which引导的非限制
性定语从句的区别
01
用法
例句
1．as引导的定语从句，表示说话人的看法，态度、解释或评论。
引导定语从句时，as仍具有“正如；像；由······可知”等意思，这些字眼翻译时可不必译出。as引导的定语从句中常含有这些动词：see，know，hear，watch，remember，say，tell，show，expect，guess等。这类动词与as连用几乎成了一种固定搭配。as引导的定语从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。
eg：Respecting the old and taking care of the young, as we all know，is a good Chinese tradition.众所周知，尊老爱幼是中国的优良传统。
eg：There is a net bar around here, asI remember.我记得这儿附近有一家网吧
eg：As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like cars.
女孩子喜欢洋娃娃而男孩子喜欢小汽车，这是常见的情况。
as与which引导的非限制
性定语从句的区别
02
用法
例句
2．which引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。
which此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常表示并列意义或状语意义。注意它引导的从句不像as那样位置灵活，它只能位于主句的后面。
eg：He changed his mind again, which（=and it） made us all angry.
他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。
eg：She tore up my photos,which（=and it） upset me.
她撕碎了我的照片，这使我很不快。
as与which引导的非限制
性定语从句的区别
03
用法
例句
3．在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which。
eg：Jenny might come, in which case I'll ask her.
詹妮可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
eg：She graduated from a local middle school, after which she went to Peking University.
她毕业于当地的一所中学，之后她去了北京大学。
as与which引导的非限制
性定语从句的区别
04
用法
例句
4．当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含有一个复合宾语时，一般用 which而不用as。
eg：He pretended not to know me, which I didn't understand.
他假装不认识我，这是我搞不明白的。
eg：He admires everyone in his class, which I find quite strange.
他赞美班里的每一个人，我认为这太奇怪了。
定语从句表达状语从句的
意义
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定语从句表达状语从句的意义
定语从句表达状语从句的
意义
定语从句表达状语从句的意义：
eg：How can anyone hope to be a qualified teacher,who doesn't know what the students are thinking and demanding？一个人如果不知道他的学生在想什么和需要什么，怎么能指望自己成为一名合格的教师呢？
前面指出，定语从句有时候可以按照并列句理解，还可以按照状语从句理解。这要求我们准确判断定语从句和主句之间的关系，并充分考虑汉语的表达习惯，做到翻译通顺流畅。就本句而言，尽管句中没有if，但定语从句确实表达了条件句的意义，所以才按照条件状语从句翻译。从结构上看，它是某个先行词的定语从句；但从意义上看，它相当于修饰主句谓语或整个主句，起到了状语从句的作用。所以，为了理解方便，我们称之为“定语从句的形式，状语从句的意义”。这样的表达在英语中是很常见的。
定语从句表达状语从句的
意义
1．定语从句的形式，条件状语从句的意义
eg：The same thing, which happened twenty years ago, would lead to a disaster. (=The same thig would lead to a disaster if it happened twenty years ago.)同样一件事情，如果发生在20年前，将会导致一场灾难。
2．定语从句的形式，原因状语从句的意义
eg：He is a kind man, who is always ready to help others. (=He is a kind man because he is always ready to help others.)他是一个好人，因为他总是乐于助人。
定语从句表达状语从句的
意义
3．定语从句的形式，让步状语从句的意义
eg：Mr. Smith insisted on building another house which he had no use for. (=Mr. Smith insisted on building another house though he had no use for it.)史密斯先生坚持再盖一幢房子，尽管他不需要。
4．定语从句的形式，目的状语从句的意义
eg：He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.(= He wishes to write an article so that it will attract public attention to the matter.)他想写一篇文章，以便引起公众对此事的关注。
定语从句表达状语从句的
意义
5．定语从句的形式，结果状语从句的意义
eg：My car broke down halfway, which caused me to come late.(= My car broke down halfway so that it caused me to come late.）我的车在半路上出了故障，结果使我来晚了。
6．定语从句的形式，时间状语从句的意义
eg：I saw Mr. Wang who was wandering on the street.(=1 Mr.Wang when he was wandering on the street.)
王先生在街上散步的时候，我见到了他。
特殊结构的定语从句
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特殊结构的定语从句
特殊结构的定语从句
特殊结构的定语从句：
定语从句在实际运用过程中，具有较强的灵活性，因此其结构也较为复杂，现将常见的特殊结构的定语从句，归纳分析如下：
特殊结构的定语从句
1．嵌入式定语从句
eg：He is the only person who we expect will win.他是唯一我们希望会获胜的人。
eg：She had a book which she believed was bought by her father at a high price.她有一本书，她相信是父亲花了高价买来（送她）的。
“嵌入式”相当于在定语从句中加了一个“主谓句”（位置在关系词之后），让定语从句作其宾语。例句中，who willwin 作了we expect的宾语从句。which was bought by her father at a high price作了she believed的宾语从句。“嵌入式”实际就是在一个定语从句中，又加了一个插入成分，让定语从句作其宾语。常见的嵌人语有：I think／believe／guess／xpect 以及Iam sure，they say等。所以，有人也叫“插入成分”。
特殊结构的定语从句
2．并列式定语从句
eg：Paris is a good place where art is so popular and which many people appreciate.巴黎是一个艺术非常受欢迎的好地方，也是许多人赞赏的好地方。
eg：I find it hard to leave the land where I have lived for 30 years and where there are sweet memories of my childhood.我发现很难离开这片土地，我在这里生活了30年，而且在这里有我甜美的童年记忆。
“并列式”是两个或两个以上的定语从句并列，中间由and或or连接，共同修饰一个先行词。相互之间不包含、不修饰、不重叠，各行其是。
特殊结构的定语从句
3．多重式定语从句
eg：Is there anything you'd like that you don't see on the shelves 有没有你想要的，但现在货架上还没有的东西？
eg：I like the tie you wear which your sister gave to you as a birthday gift.我喜欢你佩戴的你姐姐作为生日礼物送给你的那条领带。
“多重式”是指两个定语从句按先后顺序和不同层次修饰先行词。即：第一个定语从句修饰先行词，然后，第二个定语从句修饰包括第一个定语从句在内的先行词。第二个定语从句的关系代词不可省略，而第一个定语从句的关系词多为从句的宾语，通常省略。有时亦可见到第一个定语从句的关系词用作主语的情况，但这时一般不能省略。
eg：These are things we're doing that don't make sense.
这些都是我们正在做的没有意义的事情。
特殊结构的定语从句
4．省略式定语从句
在含将来意义的定语从句中，我们可以省略主语和谓语的一部分（主要是情态动词和助动词），而代之以“介词＋关系代词＋不定式”的形式，叫作省略式定语从句。
eg：I have saved a sum of money with which to buy a new car for myself.我已经攒了一笔钱，要用这些钱为自己买一辆新车。
本句的完整形式为：I have saved a sum of money with which I'd like to buy a new car for myself.
eg：I was trying to find a place in which to lay the new piano.
我在试图找一个能放下这台新钢琴的地方。
本句的完整形式为：I was trying to find a place in which I could lay the new piano.
特殊结构的定语从句
【特别提示】
在这类句子中，主句的主语必须与从句主语一致，否则不可改为省略式定语从句。试比较：
I was trying to find a place in which to live.
我在试图找一个我可以住的地方。
I was trying to find a place in which my younger brother could live.我在试图找一个我弟弟可以住的地方。
特殊结构的定语从句
5．分隔式定语从句
定语从句一般紧跟在被它所修饰的先行词之后；但有时候它和先行词之间插入其他成分，使得它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作分隔式定语从句。文章中经常出现这种情况，在阅读时要注意识别从句修饰的对象。
一般来说，定语从句被分隔开来大致有以下三种情况：
①先行词与定语从句被一个状语分隔。
There are quite a few students in our school who like this athlete very much.我们学校有不少学生非常喜欢这位运动员。
The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway village.这部电影使我回想起我在那个遥远的村庄受到良好照顾的那些时光。
特殊结构的定语从句
5．分隔式定语从句
②先行词与定语从句被另一个定语分隔。
My grandpa has a picture by a famous painter which was sent to him fr his birthday.我爷爷有一幅出自著名画家的画，它是被作为他的生日礼物寄来的。
After graduation she reached a point in her career where she had to decide what to do.毕业后，她在职业生涯中到了一个必须决定做什么的阶段。
特殊结构的定语从句
5．分隔式定语从句
③先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔。
此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子结构平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后。
The professor entered the hall who had just presented several lectures.刚刚做完几场报告的教授进了大厅。
The days are gone when we Chinese were bullied by the invaders.我们中国人受侵略者欺负的日子一去不复返了。
语法专项训练
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语法专项训练
语法专项训练
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句
1.Those _____ preserve this ancient temple and other cultural relies should bepraised.
2.That was not a good proposal, _____ led to protests from the workers.
3.He often downloads applications and documents from websites _____ he has easy access.
4.Anyone _____ wants to take part in the activity may send their application.
语法专项训练
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句
5.There is a temple on the mount,_____ shows the ereative design of ancient people.
6.This mount is a nature preserve,_____ no hunting is allowed.
7.Of these two things, the former must give way to the latter,_____ is more important.
8.When you investigate a problem _____ there is too much trouble，you must think creatively.
语法专项训练
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句
9.The clue _____ you have offered is likely to help us to find the answer to the question.
10.The gift _____ I bought for you is likely to help you keep your balance.
11.The chairman made a proposal to the committee,_____ would make plans according to it.
12.People protest against the conducts of the government, _____ doesn't care about environmental protection.
语法专项训练
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句
13.He was blamed for his careless conduct,_____ had led to the loss of all the documents.
14.This department is established to investigate the accident _____ happened last week.
15.The driver attempted to limit the speed,_____ he failed to do.
16. We must prevent these historic sites _____ survived in the earthquake from disappearing.
语法专项训练
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句
17. If possible,we will donate the funds _____ they raised to the charity.
18. _____ we all know, it is worthwhile to preserve cultural relics and historic sites.
19. Water from the dam would likely damage the temples _____ survived from the Ming Dynasty.
20. He often downloads some apps and documents _____ are important for his research.
语法专项训练
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句
21. My friend is a professional archaeologist _____ is particularly interested in cultural relics.
22.Using digital technology,he observed the entrance,exit and roof of the Great Pyramid,_____ was built 4,500 years ago．
23.Throughout the process, she stared at the mirror _____ stood in the middle of the hall.
24.He was sent overseas to further study their traditions and customs _____ he couldn＇t understand.
语法专项训练
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句
25.The archaeologit identified these caves,_____ could date back to the Tang Dynasty.
26.We can't forgive anyone _____ may destroy any cultural relics.
27.These caves _____ are of good quality remain there forever throughout human history.
28.Cultural relics must be well preserved-this is the opinion _____ I often quote.
语法专项训练
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
1.(1)Tom was one of the boys _____ praised by the headmaster yesterday.
(2)Tom was the only one of the boys _____ praised by the headmaster yesterday.
A.who was B.who were C.whom was D.whom were
2. (1)This is the house _____ my grandfather built himself.
(2)This is the house _____my grandfather once lived.
(3)This is the house _____ my grandfather once lived in.
(4)This is the house in _____ my grandfather once lived.
A.that B.where C.which D.不填
语法专项训练
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
3.(1)I'll never forget the wonderful days _____ we spent in the countryside.
(2)I'll never forget the wonderful days _____ we worked in the countryside.
(3)I'll never forget the wonderful days on _____ we played in the countryside.
A.when B.that C.which D.不填
语法专项训练
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
4.(1)Is this the reason _____ he explained for his being late
(2)Is this the reason _____ he was late for class
(3)Is this reason _____ he gave for his being late
A.why B.which C.the one D.不填
语法专项训练
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
5.(1)Do you understand _____ the teacher spoke about at the lecture
(2)Do you understand all _____ the teacher spoke about at the lecure
(3)Do you understand _____ that the teacher spoke about at the lecture
A.that B.what C.all D.不填
6.(1)She has two sons,_____ are college students.
(2)She has tw sons,and _____ are college students.
A.both of them B.both of whom C.of whom both D.both of who
语法专项训练
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
7.(1)The old man still lives in the hut,_____ windows face north.
(2)The old man still lives in the hut,_____ the windows face north.
(3)The old man still lives in the hut _____ lies in the north of the village.
(4)The old man still lives in the hut _____ he has lived more than fifty years.
A.which B.whose C.where D.of which
语法专项训练
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
8.(1) _____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
(2)_____who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
(3) _____ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A.Anyone B.Who C.Those D.Whoever
语法专项训练
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
9. (1)It is a long time _____ his elder brother joined the army.
(2)It will not be a long time _____ he returns home.
(3)It was about eight years ago _____ the woman made a great discovery.
(4)It happened three months ago _____ I was still studying in a medical college.
A.that B.before C.when D.since
语法专项训练
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
10.(1)_____ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.
(2) ______ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources.
(3) China is rich in natural resources, _____ is well-known.
A.which B.As C. It D.that
答案及解析
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答案及解析
答案及解析
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句
1.who； 2.which； 3.to which； 4.who； 5.which； 6.where； 7.which；
8.where； 9.that/which； 10. that/which； 11.who； 12.who； 13.which；
14. that/which； 15.which； 16.that/which； 17.that/which； 18.As；
19.that/which； 20.that/which； 21.who； 22.which； 23.that/which；
24.that/which； 25.which； 26.who； 27.that/which；28.(that/which)
答案及解析
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
1．【解析】（1）选B。定语从句修饰the boys，不是one，所以谓语动词用复数形式。（2）选 定语从句修饰the only one，不是the boys，所以谓语动词用单数形式。C、D两个选项中whom不能作主语。
2．【解析】（1）选A，C，D。因为关系代词作从句的宾语，而且可以省略。（2）选B。因为该空格处需要一个关系副词，where在从句中作地点状语。（3）选A，C，I 因为关系代词作从句的宾语，而且可以省略。（4）选 因为在介词之后要用关系代词which，不用that，更不用where。
3．【解析】（1）选B，C， 因为关系代词作从句的宾语，而且可以省略。（2）选A。因为该空格处需要一个关系副词，when在从句中作时间状语。（3）选C。因为在介词之后要用关系代词which，不用that，更不用when。
答案及解析
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
4．【解析】（1）选B， 因为该空格处是关系代词作从句的宾语，而且可以省略。（2）选 因为该空格处需要一个关系副词，why在从句中作原因状语。（3）选 如果把第3个句子变成陈述句就好理解了。本句应为：This reason is...he gave for his being late.显然，该空格处缺少一个表语，那就是the one，而 he gave for his being late是定语从句。
答案及解析
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
5．【解析】（1）选 在本句中选择what，因为它是双重代词，相当于the words that。选择all因为它是代词作understand的宾语，而the teacher spoke about at the lecture 是修饰all的定语从句。（2）选A，D。选择A是因为关系代词that可以引导定语从句修饰all；选择D是因为关系代词作从句宾语可以省略。但不可选择what，因为all和what不能同时出现。（3）选 选择all因为它是代词作 understand的宾语，that之后是定语从句，而what也不能跟that同时出现。
答案及解析
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
6．【解析】（1）选B， 这是一个非限制性定语从句，of whom 含有所属关系，of whom both 与both of whom 意思相同，都正确。（2）选 该句不是定语从句，而是一个并列句，and（并列连词）是标志词。
7．【解析】（1）选 因为whose表示“所属关系”，即 hut和windows的关系。如果选择D，windows 之前则要加上定冠词t （2）选 of which也表示“所属关系”，但被修饰的名词之前须有定冠词 （3）选 因为定语从句缺少主语。（4）选C因为该空格处需要一个关系副词，where在定语从句中作地点状语。
答案及解析
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
8．【解析】（1）选 因为whoever是个复合代词，也叫融合性关系代词，相当于anyone who，具有双重身份，既能充当先行词又能充当关系代词。（2）选 后面定语从句的谓语动词是单数（leaves），所以不能选择those。（3）选C。因为定语从句中谓语动词是复数形式（leave）。
答案及解析
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
9．【解析】（1）（2）（3）中的从句不是定语从句，跟（4）放在一起进行比较，会提高你的辨别能力。做这些题目关键要注意：it的含义，主句和从句的时态。（1）选D。在这个句子中，it是代词，表示时间，从句的谓语动词是非延续性的，而时态又是过去时，则说明“自从他哥哥参军以来，时间很长了”这个意思。（2）选B。在这个句子中，it也是代词，表示时间，主句的时态是将来时，从句用一般现在时态表示将来，说明事情还未发生，因此选择before，字面意思是“在他回家之前，时间将不会长了”可译为：不久他就会回家。（3）选A。这是一个强调句，因为把被强调的部分还原后，句子仍然正确：The woman made a great discovery about eight years ago．。（4）选C。主句中的it是代词，表示一个“事件”，when引导的句子是定语从句，修饰 three months ago。
答案及解析
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
10．【解析】（1）选C。此题虽然不是考查定语从句，但句型很容易和定语从句相混淆。It是形式主语，代替主句that China is rich in natural resources。（2）选as是一种特殊的关系代词，它既是定语从句的主语，又代表整个主句，而且它引导的从句可以放在句首。（3）选 语法上选A，B都可以，但B项As中的A要小写。which和as都能引导非限制性定语从句，并且可以指代整个主句，但as引导的定语从句放在主句之前之后都可以，而which引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后。此外，that不可以引导非限制性定语从句。
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
中小学教育资源网站
兼职招聘：
https://www.21cnjy.com/recruitment/home/admin
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
单元语法全解
新人教 必修二
目录
目
录
01
限制性定语从句
05
定语从句表达状语从句的意义
02
非限制性定语从句
04
特殊结构的定语从句
03
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
06
07
语法专项训练
08
答案与解析
限制性定语从句
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限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句：
限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定先行词，与主句的关系非常密切，不用逗号和主句隔开。它说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况，如果去掉，就会影响句子意思的完整性。
限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句：
eg：A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.医生就是照顾人们健康的人
eg：This is the school where Tom studied. 这就是汤姆学习过的学校。
eg：I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.
我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
eg：This is the diamond ring (that/which)she referred to.
这就是她提到过的那枚钻石戒指。
非制性定语从句
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非限制性定语从句
非制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句，顾名思义，就是对先行词没有特别限制的定语从句。除了that和why不能引导之外，所有其他关系词如who，whom，which，whose，as，when，where等均可引导。
非制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那样紧密，只是对先行词作些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。翻译时常常不译作定语，而是译成句子。
eg：Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Second World War.昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影，它是关于第二次世界大战的
eg：My parents live in my hometown, which is about 30 kilometres from here．我的父母住在我的家乡，离这里大约有30千米。
（1）非限制性定语从句的特点
非制性定语从句
eg：Milla, who is a distant relative of mine, stdies in the Yale University now.
米拉是我的一位远房亲戚，她现在在耶鲁大学学习
eg：Our camp is located in a beautiful area near a quiet canal,where you will sleep in tents under the stars.我们的营地所在地风景优美，在一条安静的运河附近，你可以在星空下的帐篷里入睡。
（1）非限制性定语从句的特点
非制性定语从句
①当关系代词指代整个主句内容时，用非限制性定语从句（用which或as引导）。
eg：The boy was badly ill,which worried his parents very much.那个男孩病得很严重，这让他的父母很担心。
eg：The heavy rain lasted for half a month, which caused the flood.大雨持续了半个月，引起了水灾。
eg：The film is very instructive, as most audience say.
正如大多数观众所说，这部电影很有教育意义。
（2）非限制性定语从句的使用情况
非制性定语从句
②当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或专有名词时，用非限制性定语从句。
eg：The moon, which is about 384,000 kilometres away from the earth，creates many beautiful stories.月球，这个离地球大约384000千米远的球体，创造了很多美好的故事
eg：We all honour and respect Albert Einstein, who is the greatest physicist in the world.我们都尊敬阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，他是世界上最伟大的物理学家。
（2）非限制性定语从句的使用情况
非制性定语从句
③先行词指某人的亲属关系，具有唯一性和确认性时，如：son，daughter，father，mother，wife等，用非限制性定语从句。
eg：My father,who is an excellent violinist, is leaving for Canada for performances.我爸爸是一名出色的小提琴手，他正准备去加拿大演出。
（2）非限制性定语从句的使用情况
非制性定语从句
eg：My elder sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day.我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发一封电子邮件。
（除了在上海工作的姐姐外，“我”可能还有其他的姐姐）
eg：My elder sister,who works in Shanghai,sends me an email almost every day.我姐姐在上海工作，她几乎每天都给我发一封电子邮件 （“我”只有一个姐姐）
特别提示
非制性定语从句
④当引导定语从句的关系代词which／whom前有“some／many／few／a few／little／a litte／none／much／most／half等＋of”时，多用非限制性定语从句。
eg：I know three foreign teachers,two of whom are from Canada.我认识三名外籍老师，其中两名来自加拿大。
eg：He earns only 1, 200 yuan a month, half of which is gien to his son at college．他一个月仅赚1200元，其中一半给了他上大学的儿子。
eg：There is too much information on the Internet,some of which is unreliable.因特网上信息太多，其中一些不可靠。
（2）非限制性定语从句的使用情况
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
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限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
区别 从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
与整个句子的关系 密切；若去掉会影响句子意义的完整性 松散；只是补充说明，去掉后不影响句子意义的表达
逗号的运用 不用逗号 一般用逗号
that和 why 可用that或why 不可用that或why
which 和 who 在从句中作宾语时可否省略 可省略 不可省略
whom在从句中作宾语时可否用that或who 替代 可替代 不可替代
可否修饰整个句子 不可 可以修饰整个句子，有逗号隔开，由which或as引导
翻译时的区别 常译作定语 常译为句子
限制性定语从句与非限制
性定语从句的区别
eg：In our company there are two experts who come from Germany.我们公司有两位来自德国的专家。（还有其他不是来自德国的专家）
eg：In our company there are two experts, who come from Germany.我们公司有两位专家，他们都来自德国。
as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
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as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别
as与which引导的非限制
性定语从句的区别
as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别：
关系代词as与which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词都可以是整个主句，指代整个主句的意思。但as和which具有不同的词义和用法。
as与which引导的非限制
性定语从句的区别
01
用法
例句
1．as引导的定语从句，表示说话人的看法，态度、解释或评论。
引导定语从句时，as仍具有“正如；像；由······可知”等意思，这些字眼翻译时可不必译出。as引导的定语从句中常含有这些动词：see，know，hear，watch，remember，say，tell，show，expect，guess等。这类动词与as连用几乎成了一种固定搭配。as引导的定语从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。
eg：Respecting the old and taking care of the young, as we all know，is a good Chinese tradition.众所周知，尊老爱幼是中国的优良传统。
eg：There is a net bar around here, asI remember.我记得这儿附近有一家网吧
eg：As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like cars.
女孩子喜欢洋娃娃而男孩子喜欢小汽车，这是常见的情况。
as与which引导的非限制
性定语从句的区别
02
用法
例句
2．which引导的从句对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果。
which此时指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常表示并列意义或状语意义。注意它引导的从句不像as那样位置灵活，它只能位于主句的后面。
eg：He changed his mind again, which（=and it） made us all angry.
他又改变了主意，这使我们大家都生气了。
eg：She tore up my photos,which（=and it） upset me.
她撕碎了我的照片，这使我很不快。
as与which引导的非限制
性定语从句的区别
03
用法
例句
3．在从句中作定语或介词的宾语时，要用which。
eg：Jenny might come, in which case I'll ask her.
詹妮可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
eg：She graduated from a local middle school, after which she went to Peking University.
她毕业于当地的一所中学，之后她去了北京大学。
as与which引导的非限制
性定语从句的区别
04
用法
例句
4．当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或含有一个复合宾语时，一般用 which而不用as。
eg：He pretended not to know me, which I didn't understand.
他假装不认识我，这是我搞不明白的。
eg：He admires everyone in his class, which I find quite strange.
他赞美班里的每一个人，我认为这太奇怪了。
定语从句表达状语从句的
意义
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定语从句表达状语从句的意义
定语从句表达状语从句的
意义
定语从句表达状语从句的意义：
eg：How can anyone hope to be a qualified teacher,who doesn't know what the students are thinking and demanding？一个人如果不知道他的学生在想什么和需要什么，怎么能指望自己成为一名合格的教师呢？
前面指出，定语从句有时候可以按照并列句理解，还可以按照状语从句理解。这要求我们准确判断定语从句和主句之间的关系，并充分考虑汉语的表达习惯，做到翻译通顺流畅。就本句而言，尽管句中没有if，但定语从句确实表达了条件句的意义，所以才按照条件状语从句翻译。从结构上看，它是某个先行词的定语从句；但从意义上看，它相当于修饰主句谓语或整个主句，起到了状语从句的作用。所以，为了理解方便，我们称之为“定语从句的形式，状语从句的意义”。这样的表达在英语中是很常见的。
定语从句表达状语从句的
意义
1．定语从句的形式，条件状语从句的意义
eg：The same thing, which happened twenty years ago, would lead to a disaster. (=The same thig would lead to a disaster if it happened twenty years ago.)同样一件事情，如果发生在20年前，将会导致一场灾难。
2．定语从句的形式，原因状语从句的意义
eg：He is a kind man, who is always ready to help others. (=He is a kind man because he is always ready to help others.)他是一个好人，因为他总是乐于助人。
定语从句表达状语从句的
意义
3．定语从句的形式，让步状语从句的意义
eg：Mr. Smith insisted on building another house which he had no use for. (=Mr. Smith insisted on building another house though he had no use for it.)史密斯先生坚持再盖一幢房子，尽管他不需要。
4．定语从句的形式，目的状语从句的意义
eg：He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.(= He wishes to write an article so that it will attract public attention to the matter.)他想写一篇文章，以便引起公众对此事的关注。
定语从句表达状语从句的
意义
5．定语从句的形式，结果状语从句的意义
eg：My car broke down halfway, which caused me to come late.(= My car broke down halfway so that it caused me to come late.）我的车在半路上出了故障，结果使我来晚了。
6．定语从句的形式，时间状语从句的意义
eg：I saw Mr. Wang who was wandering on the street.(=1 Mr.Wang when he was wandering on the street.)
王先生在街上散步的时候，我见到了他。
特殊结构的定语从句
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特殊结构的定语从句
特殊结构的定语从句
特殊结构的定语从句：
定语从句在实际运用过程中，具有较强的灵活性，因此其结构也较为复杂，现将常见的特殊结构的定语从句，归纳分析如下：
特殊结构的定语从句
1．嵌入式定语从句
eg：He is the only person who we expect will win.他是唯一我们希望会获胜的人。
eg：She had a book which she believed was bought by her father at a high price.她有一本书，她相信是父亲花了高价买来（送她）的。
“嵌入式”相当于在定语从句中加了一个“主谓句”（位置在关系词之后），让定语从句作其宾语。例句中，who willwin 作了we expect的宾语从句。which was bought by her father at a high price作了she believed的宾语从句。“嵌入式”实际就是在一个定语从句中，又加了一个插入成分，让定语从句作其宾语。常见的嵌人语有：I think／believe／guess／xpect 以及Iam sure，they say等。所以，有人也叫“插入成分”。
特殊结构的定语从句
2．并列式定语从句
eg：Paris is a good place where art is so popular and which many people appreciate.巴黎是一个艺术非常受欢迎的好地方，也是许多人赞赏的好地方。
eg：I find it hard to leave the land where I have lived for 30 years and where there are sweet memories of my childhood.我发现很难离开这片土地，我在这里生活了30年，而且在这里有我甜美的童年记忆。
“并列式”是两个或两个以上的定语从句并列，中间由and或or连接，共同修饰一个先行词。相互之间不包含、不修饰、不重叠，各行其是。
特殊结构的定语从句
3．多重式定语从句
eg：Is there anything you'd like that you don't see on the shelves 有没有你想要的，但现在货架上还没有的东西？
eg：I like the tie you wear which your sister gave to you as a birthday gift.我喜欢你佩戴的你姐姐作为生日礼物送给你的那条领带。
“多重式”是指两个定语从句按先后顺序和不同层次修饰先行词。即：第一个定语从句修饰先行词，然后，第二个定语从句修饰包括第一个定语从句在内的先行词。第二个定语从句的关系代词不可省略，而第一个定语从句的关系词多为从句的宾语，通常省略。有时亦可见到第一个定语从句的关系词用作主语的情况，但这时一般不能省略。
eg：These are things we're doing that don't make sense.
这些都是我们正在做的没有意义的事情。
特殊结构的定语从句
4．省略式定语从句
在含将来意义的定语从句中，我们可以省略主语和谓语的一部分（主要是情态动词和助动词），而代之以“介词＋关系代词＋不定式”的形式，叫作省略式定语从句。
eg：I have saved a sum of money with which to buy a new car for myself.我已经攒了一笔钱，要用这些钱为自己买一辆新车。
本句的完整形式为：I have saved a sum of money with which I'd like to buy a new car for myself.
eg：I was trying to find a place in which to lay the new piano.
我在试图找一个能放下这台新钢琴的地方。
本句的完整形式为：I was trying to find a place in which I could lay the new piano.
特殊结构的定语从句
【特别提示】
在这类句子中，主句的主语必须与从句主语一致，否则不可改为省略式定语从句。试比较：
I was trying to find a place in which to live.
我在试图找一个我可以住的地方。
I was trying to find a place in which my younger brother could live.我在试图找一个我弟弟可以住的地方。
特殊结构的定语从句
5．分隔式定语从句
定语从句一般紧跟在被它所修饰的先行词之后；但有时候它和先行词之间插入其他成分，使得它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作分隔式定语从句。文章中经常出现这种情况，在阅读时要注意识别从句修饰的对象。
一般来说，定语从句被分隔开来大致有以下三种情况：
①先行词与定语从句被一个状语分隔。
There are quite a few students in our school who like this athlete very much.我们学校有不少学生非常喜欢这位运动员。
The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway village.这部电影使我回想起我在那个遥远的村庄受到良好照顾的那些时光。
特殊结构的定语从句
5．分隔式定语从句
②先行词与定语从句被另一个定语分隔。
My grandpa has a picture by a famous painter which was sent to him fr his birthday.我爷爷有一幅出自著名画家的画，它是被作为他的生日礼物寄来的。
After graduation she reached a point in her career where she had to decide what to do.毕业后，她在职业生涯中到了一个必须决定做什么的阶段。
特殊结构的定语从句
5．分隔式定语从句
③先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔。
此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子结构平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后。
The professor entered the hall who had just presented several lectures.刚刚做完几场报告的教授进了大厅。
The days are gone when we Chinese were bullied by the invaders.我们中国人受侵略者欺负的日子一去不复返了。
语法专项训练
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语法专项训练
语法专项训练
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句
1.Those _____ preserve this ancient temple and other cultural relies should bepraised.
2.That was not a good proposal, _____ led to protests from the workers.
3.He often downloads applications and documents from websites _____ he has easy access.
4.Anyone _____ wants to take part in the activity may send their application.
语法专项训练
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句
5.There is a temple on the mount,_____ shows the ereative design of ancient people.
6.This mount is a nature preserve,_____ no hunting is allowed.
7.Of these two things, the former must give way to the latter,_____ is more important.
8.When you investigate a problem _____ there is too much trouble，you must think creatively.
语法专项训练
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句
9.The clue _____ you have offered is likely to help us to find the answer to the question.
10.The gift _____ I bought for you is likely to help you keep your balance.
11.The chairman made a proposal to the committee,_____ would make plans according to it.
12.People protest against the conducts of the government, _____ doesn't care about environmental protection.
语法专项训练
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句
13.He was blamed for his careless conduct,_____ had led to the loss of all the documents.
14.This department is established to investigate the accident _____ happened last week.
15.The driver attempted to limit the speed,_____ he failed to do.
16. We must prevent these historic sites _____ survived in the earthquake from disappearing.
语法专项训练
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句
17. If possible,we will donate the funds _____ they raised to the charity.
18. _____ we all know, it is worthwhile to preserve cultural relics and historic sites.
19. Water from the dam would likely damage the temples _____ survived from the Ming Dynasty.
20. He often downloads some apps and documents _____ are important for his research.
语法专项训练
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句
21. My friend is a professional archaeologist _____ is particularly interested in cultural relics.
22.Using digital technology,he observed the entrance,exit and roof of the Great Pyramid,_____ was built 4,500 years ago．
23.Throughout the process, she stared at the mirror _____ stood in the middle of the hall.
24.He was sent overseas to further study their traditions and customs _____ he couldn＇t understand.
语法专项训练
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句
25.The archaeologit identified these caves,_____ could date back to the Tang Dynasty.
26.We can't forgive anyone _____ may destroy any cultural relics.
27.These caves _____ are of good quality remain there forever throughout human history.
28.Cultural relics must be well preserved-this is the opinion _____ I often quote.
语法专项训练
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
1.(1)Tom was one of the boys _____ praised by the headmaster yesterday.
(2)Tom was the only one of the boys _____ praised by the headmaster yesterday.
A.who was B.who were C.whom was D.whom were
2. (1)This is the house _____ my grandfather built himself.
(2)This is the house _____my grandfather once lived.
(3)This is the house _____ my grandfather once lived in.
(4)This is the house in _____ my grandfather once lived.
A.that B.where C.which D.不填
语法专项训练
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
3.(1)I'll never forget the wonderful days _____ we spent in the countryside.
(2)I'll never forget the wonderful days _____ we worked in the countryside.
(3)I'll never forget the wonderful days on _____ we played in the countryside.
A.when B.that C.which D.不填
语法专项训练
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
4.(1)Is this the reason _____ he explained for his being late
(2)Is this the reason _____ he was late for class
(3)Is this reason _____ he gave for his being late
A.why B.which C.the one D.不填
语法专项训练
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
5.(1)Do you understand _____ the teacher spoke about at the lecture
(2)Do you understand all _____ the teacher spoke about at the lecure
(3)Do you understand _____ that the teacher spoke about at the lecture
A.that B.what C.all D.不填
6.(1)She has two sons,_____ are college students.
(2)She has tw sons,and _____ are college students.
A.both of them B.both of whom C.of whom both D.both of who
语法专项训练
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
7.(1)The old man still lives in the hut,_____ windows face north.
(2)The old man still lives in the hut,_____ the windows face north.
(3)The old man still lives in the hut _____ lies in the north of the village.
(4)The old man still lives in the hut _____ he has lived more than fifty years.
A.which B.whose C.where D.of which
语法专项训练
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
8.(1) _____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
(2)_____who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
(3) _____ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A.Anyone B.Who C.Those D.Whoever
语法专项训练
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
9. (1)It is a long time _____ his elder brother joined the army.
(2)It will not be a long time _____ he returns home.
(3)It was about eight years ago _____ the woman made a great discovery.
(4)It happened three months ago _____ I was still studying in a medical college.
A.that B.before C.when D.since
语法专项训练
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
10.(1)_____ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.
(2) ______ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources.
(3) China is rich in natural resources, _____ is well-known.
A.which B.As C. It D.that
答案及解析
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答案及解析
答案及解析
Ⅰ．用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句
1.who； 2.which； 3.to which； 4.who； 5.which； 6.where； 7.which；
8.where； 9.that/which； 10. that/which； 11.who； 12.who； 13.which；
14. that/which； 15.which； 16.that/which； 17.that/which； 18.As；
19.that/which； 20.that/which； 21.who； 22.which； 23.that/which；
24.that/which； 25.which； 26.who； 27.that/which；28.(that/which)
答案及解析
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
1．【解析】（1）选B。定语从句修饰the boys，不是one，所以谓语动词用复数形式。（2）选 定语从句修饰the only one，不是the boys，所以谓语动词用单数形式。C、D两个选项中whom不能作主语。
2．【解析】（1）选A，C，D。因为关系代词作从句的宾语，而且可以省略。（2）选B。因为该空格处需要一个关系副词，where在从句中作地点状语。（3）选A，C，I 因为关系代词作从句的宾语，而且可以省略。（4）选 因为在介词之后要用关系代词which，不用that，更不用where。
3．【解析】（1）选B，C， 因为关系代词作从句的宾语，而且可以省略。（2）选A。因为该空格处需要一个关系副词，when在从句中作时间状语。（3）选C。因为在介词之后要用关系代词which，不用that，更不用when。
答案及解析
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
4．【解析】（1）选B， 因为该空格处是关系代词作从句的宾语，而且可以省略。（2）选 因为该空格处需要一个关系副词，why在从句中作原因状语。（3）选 如果把第3个句子变成陈述句就好理解了。本句应为：This reason is...he gave for his being late.显然，该空格处缺少一个表语，那就是the one，而 he gave for his being late是定语从句。
答案及解析
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
5．【解析】（1）选 在本句中选择what，因为它是双重代词，相当于the words that。选择all因为它是代词作understand的宾语，而the teacher spoke about at the lecture 是修饰all的定语从句。（2）选A，D。选择A是因为关系代词that可以引导定语从句修饰all；选择D是因为关系代词作从句宾语可以省略。但不可选择what，因为all和what不能同时出现。（3）选 选择all因为它是代词作 understand的宾语，that之后是定语从句，而what也不能跟that同时出现。
答案及解析
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
6．【解析】（1）选B， 这是一个非限制性定语从句，of whom 含有所属关系，of whom both 与both of whom 意思相同，都正确。（2）选 该句不是定语从句，而是一个并列句，and（并列连词）是标志词。
7．【解析】（1）选 因为whose表示“所属关系”，即 hut和windows的关系。如果选择D，windows 之前则要加上定冠词t （2）选 of which也表示“所属关系”，但被修饰的名词之前须有定冠词 （3）选 因为定语从句缺少主语。（4）选C因为该空格处需要一个关系副词，where在定语从句中作地点状语。
答案及解析
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
8．【解析】（1）选 因为whoever是个复合代词，也叫融合性关系代词，相当于anyone who，具有双重身份，既能充当先行词又能充当关系代词。（2）选 后面定语从句的谓语动词是单数（leaves），所以不能选择those。（3）选C。因为定语从句中谓语动词是复数形式（leave）。
答案及解析
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
9．【解析】（1）（2）（3）中的从句不是定语从句，跟（4）放在一起进行比较，会提高你的辨别能力。做这些题目关键要注意：it的含义，主句和从句的时态。（1）选D。在这个句子中，it是代词，表示时间，从句的谓语动词是非延续性的，而时态又是过去时，则说明“自从他哥哥参军以来，时间很长了”这个意思。（2）选B。在这个句子中，it也是代词，表示时间，主句的时态是将来时，从句用一般现在时态表示将来，说明事情还未发生，因此选择before，字面意思是“在他回家之前，时间将不会长了”可译为：不久他就会回家。（3）选A。这是一个强调句，因为把被强调的部分还原后，句子仍然正确：The woman made a great discovery about eight years ago．。（4）选C。主句中的it是代词，表示一个“事件”，when引导的句子是定语从句，修饰 three months ago。
答案及解析
II．定语从句组合训练。根据所给的4个选项完成每个句子
10．【解析】（1）选C。此题虽然不是考查定语从句，但句型很容易和定语从句相混淆。It是形式主语，代替主句that China is rich in natural resources。（2）选as是一种特殊的关系代词，它既是定语从句的主语，又代表整个主句，而且它引导的从句可以放在句首。（3）选 语法上选A，B都可以，但B项As中的A要小写。which和as都能引导非限制性定语从句，并且可以指代整个主句，但as引导的定语从句放在主句之前之后都可以，而which引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后。此外，that不可以引导非限制性定语从句。
谢谢
21世纪教育网（www.21cnjy.com)
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