2024年人教版中考英语一轮复习主题14 科学技术与工程, 人类发明与创新（无答案）

主题14 科学技术与工程, 人类发明与创新
【话题词汇】
Ⅰ.科学技术Science and Technology
1. technology
2.发明;创造
3. create
4. design
5. explore
6.生产;制造
7. product
8.发展;研制
9. X-ray
10. print
11. electronic
12. machine
13. light
14.照相机
15.录像;视频
16.电脑
17. laptop
18.鼠;鼠标
19. keyboard
20. click
21.screen
22. download
23.information
24. online
25.互联网
26.机器人
27. AI (=artificial intelligence)
28. app (=application)
Ⅱ.创新与发明Innovation and Invention
1. advantage
2.发现
3. prove
4. rocket
5.出现
6. influence
7. fix
8.修理;修补
9.连接
10. mobile
11. digital
12.message
13.延伸;展开
14. operate
15. instruction
16. industry
17.电子邮件
18.搜寻;搜查
19. tool
20.模型
21. convenient
22. imagine
23. website
24.将来
25. forward_________
26.century
Ⅲ.短语类
1. make an invention
2.探索太空
3. with the development of technology
4. washing machine
5.一则消息
6. on the Internet
7.对……有影响
8. have sth. repaired
9.发信息
10.想象做某事
11.在将来
12. look forward to
13.在三十世纪
14.在互联网上搜索信息_________________________
【核心句式】
1. 随着科学技术的发展, 人们之间的联系越来越方便。
2. 课上我们讨论了如何在网络上下载有用信息以提高我们的学习。
3. 这个科技博物馆能够为孩子们打开科学之门, 值得参观。
4. 我们能用这种新型手表来打电话和发信息吗
5. Have you ever imagined taking a walk on the moon and exploring the space by spaceship in the future
【巩固拓展】
一、语法选择
Have you ever wished that an AI could write something for you
Instead of spending hours typing away, you simply type a few keywords and it will write　 1 　 you want for you.
ChatGPT is 2　 AI technology developed by San Francisco-based OpenAI. Far from just a simple question-and-answer machine, ChatGPT can do something creative.
The AI can create songs, poems, jokes 　 3　 funny dialogues. It is so 　 4 　 that it has the complete writing ability of a real person!
Many people have used it　 5 　 history articles, write notes of speeches and even provide advice on how to communicate with people at a party.
It　 6 　 for more detailed requests, too. One user 　7　 ChatGPT to explain something. Surprisingly, the AI doesn’t search the Internet but what it has learned—the database (数据库) inside its program for 　8　 own answers.
ChatGPT comes along at a time when AI is becoming increasingly common in　 9 　 lives to do certain creative tasks. Along with the AI image generation DALL.E2, it can create material that is difficult to tell whether it is made by human beings or AI. This causes many ethical issues (道德问题).
Students in many countries are not allowed to use it. Who knows what the future will be like when AI technology
10　 everyday use continues to be developed
( )1. A. that B. why C. what
( )2. A. a B. an C. the
( )3. A. or B. but C. so
( )4. A. powerful B. more powerful C. most powerful
( )5. A. to write B. writing C. wrote
( )6. A. use B. was used C. is used
( )7. A. ask B. asked C. asks
( )8. A. it B. its C. itself
( )9. A. peoples B. people’s C. peoples’
( )10. A. with B. at C. for
二、完形填空
　　On a rainy and windy October afternoon, Garth stood outside his house with a wide smile. This was 　11　 weather for testing his new invention—Umbrella Hat.
He could hardly wait to see whether it could keep the rain off. He 12 　 placed the hat on his head and started walking along the street. It worked!
Suddenly, three boys appeared and　 13 　 him. Todd, the biggest one, pulled his Umbrella Hat off his head.
“What’s this ” he asked.
“It’s an Umbrella Hat. You can wear it on rainy days and…” Garth said.
The boys　 14 , “Will anyone wear that stupid thing ” Todd threw the hat onto the ground.
Garth picked up his Umbrella Hat in tears. “Maybe Todd was 　15　. Who would ever need my invention ” He lowered his head and thought to himself.
Suddenly he 16 and saw a lady looking at him. “Are you okay ”
Then she saw the 17 Umbrella Hat and asked, “Er… what’s that ”
“It’s my Umbrella Hat.” answered Garth.
“What a creative mind you have! Keep inventing and one day you will be able to 　18　 something really great!” said the lady.
“And you have given me a wonderful 　19　 ,” she continued, “I have a gadget (小器具) shop—Gadgets4U—and I’d like to hold a competition to find the best young gadget inventor in our town. I’m sure you will have a(n) 　 20　 of winning a prize.”
Garth was very surprised. He suddenly felt much better and could already feel lots of new ideas coming out!
( )11. A. cold B. perfect C. strange D. changeable
( )12. A. heavily B. madly C. thankfully D. carefully
( )13. A. guided B. praised C. stopped D. refused
( )14. A. replied B. laughed C. changed D. greeted
( )15. A. right B. angry C. polite D. silly
( )16. A. came up B. gave up C. looked up D. showed up
( )17. A. ugly B. old C. broken D. tiny
( )18. A. show B. meet C. plan D. create
( )19. A. skill B. gift C. idea D. job
( )20. A. choice B. chance C. excuse D. experience
阅读理解
A
　　Teenagers are known for being creative and full of new ideas. Let’s have a look at these teenage inventions that might change the world.
Banana leaves usually go bad in two or three days. Tenith Adithyaa, a teenager from India, used UV to make the leaves stay fresh for a year. Tenith thinks that one day the leaves will be used for making plates, cups and other things.
David Cohen, an American teenager, built an earthworm (蚯蚓) robot. It is able to go into the smallest places where humans or dogs can’t go. It will be used for finding people in a fire or an earthquake.
Remya Jose, a 14-year-old girl from India, found it tiring and boring to handwash clothes in the nearby river. She reused some bicycle parts and created a washing machine that saves time, energy and keeps people fit at the same time.
Kenneth Shinozuku, a 15-year-old boy from New York, noticed that his grandfather who got Alzheimer’s disease (老年痴呆) would often leave home and get lost. So he invented the wearable sensors (感应器)to help people find their family members like his grandfather.
( )21. How long can the banana leaves stay fresh after using Tenith’s invention
A. For two days. B. For three days. C. For a month. D. For a year.
( )22. What can the earthworm robot invented by David Cohen do
A. Make things stay fresh. B. Help people wash clothes.
C. Go into the smallest places. D. Take care of the old people.
( )23. Why did the boy from New York invent the wearable sensors
A. Because of the encouragement from his grandfather.
B. Because of his experience of getting lost.
C. Because of the disease he suffers from.
D. Because of one of his family members.
( )24. Which of the following is TRUE
A. Plates and cups are made of fresh banana leaves. B. Remya’s washing machine can also keep people fit.
C. David Cohen is a middle school student from India. D. Kenneth’s wearable sensors will keep old people at home.
( )25. Where may you find the passage
A. In a science magazine. B. In a travel guide.
C. In an instruction book of robots. D. In a comic book.
B
Kristen Tapping, a graduate from London South Bank University, has invented a bike wheel that she says can help clean pollution from the air. It’s called Rolloe.
The wheel uses fins (散热片) to pull in air as it turns, It then uses filters (过滤器) to take in polluted air and give off clean air back into the environment. The wheel can filter more air if it goes faster, although it still works at low speeds.
Tapping said users would need to change the filter every week, or after about 250 kilometers, to make sure the wheel continues to work well. The wheel fits in the front of a standard bike and weighs about one kilogram.
Tapping said she was encouraged to create the wheel when she was biking around London. “In traffic, you always notice the pollution, the heat, the gases and the smell,” she said. She foretells that if 10 percent of cyclists (骑自行车的人) in London had a Rolloe on their bike, they could filter about 266,865 m3 of air a day, although this has yet to be tested.
A recent report shows that London’s health costs because of air pollution are the highest out of the 432 European cities. The World Health Organization (WHO) has also said that outdoor air pollution causes about 4.2 million deaths around the world each year. Tapping wants to use the wheel on shared bike projects at first, with the aim of making the wheels suitable for all bikes to use cheaply. She says she would also like to create a wheel that would fit in the back of a bike, as well as making them in use in different sizes.
( )26. Rolloe is________.
A. a university B. an invention C. air pollution D. a place
( )27. Why should the users need to change the filter
A. To let the bike run faster. B. To help people lose weight.
C. To make the wheel work well. D. To get a cleaner wheel.
( )28. What does the underlined word “foretells” mean in Paragraph 4
A. Repeats. B. Decides. C. Guesses. D. Records.
( )29. Which is Kristen Tapping’s future plan
A. To clean about 266,865 m3 of air a day.
B. To travel around 432 European cities by bike.
C. To make the wheels in use for all kinds of bikes at a lower price.
D. To provide the wheel only for shared bike projects.
( )30. What is the passage mainly about
A. A bike wheel that is created to reduce air pollution. B. A project that encourages people to ride bikes.
C. A report on the cause of London’s high health costs. D. A standard bike which weighs about one kilogram.
C
配对阅读。左栏是五个人的需求, 右栏是七个手机软件, 请将每个人与他们需要的软件配对。
( )31. Jessie thinks it interesting to get a hongbao. She doesn’t care how much money she gets. ( )32. Nick isn’t brave enough to sing in front of others. But he wants to share his beautiful voice with his friends on the Internet. ( )33. Tim mainly studies English in college. Now he’s learning French as a second foreign language. ( )34. Lucy’s mother owns an online clothes shop. She finds it useful to use this app to save the pictures of the clothes and send them to the customers. ( )35. Mrs. Jackson is a newspaper reporter. She has problems saving so many files (文件) like photos and videos. A. Duolingo It is named“the best language-learning app”by The Wall Street Journal. It offers over 40 languages: English, French, Spanish, German and so on. Choose one you like and get started! B. QQ Tencent Company created this communicative app and it’s convenient for people to talk with others or do business on it. You can send a lot of pictures to others. C. Douban FM This music app doesn’t have a playlist, so you will never know what the next song is. You can use different buttons (按钮) to mark the songs you like, don’t like or listen to the next song. D. BaiCiZhan After you choose the vocabulary list and an ending date, the app quickly tells you how many words you need to learn every day. E. Lychee FM Do you dream of making your own radio program With this app, you can record your shows and finish editing (编辑) within the app. Then you can share your program online. F. WeChat It’s one of the most popular ways to talk today. People like sending and getting hongbao for fun. G. Evernote It allows you to create electronic files with text, photos and videos. You can put the files in order, mark them and search them easily.
四、 短文填空
If you have ever used a telescope (望远镜), you might want to thank Galileo. Born in 1564 　36　 Italy, Galileo was bright and hard-working. His father wanted him to be a doctor.
However, Galileo liked math very much and decided to 　37　 it. He did well at school and he tried his best to pay the cost of school 38 　 his family was poor. He 　39　 helped to support his younger brother’s study by inventing small things to make money.
One day, he heard that someone had invented a spyglass (小望远镜). He wanted to know 　40　 it could show faraway things as if they were nearby. It could magnify (放大) things to appear up three times　 41 　 than before! Galileo later decided to develop one of 　42　 own. He found out how the spyglass 　43 　 and made improvements. He named it the telescope. It could magnify things up to ten times.
He continued to make improvements to his new　 44 　. One night, he pointed his telescope towards the night sky. He watched the beautiful sky and stars for the first time so clearly. Up until then, everyone thought that the 　 45　 of the moon was smooth! However, with his telescope, Galileo found the moon was covered with many bumps (隆起凸块). With it, Galileo was able to make many important discoveries about space.
36.__________ 37.__________ 38.__________ 　39.__________ 40.__________ 　
41.__________ 42.__________ 43.__________ 44.__________ 45.__________