第16讲 阅读理解解题技巧-新七年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练（含解析）

新七年级英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练
第16讲 阅读理解解题技巧
第一部分 题型解题技巧
一、阅读理解题型介绍
阅读理解主要考查考生对阅读材料的理解能力及材料中有效信息的捕捉能力等。阅读理解短文中考主要文体包括应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文，考点包括细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断、观点态度、写作意图、段落大意、标题归纳等。
二、阅读理解题型做题技巧
一、分门别类识别文体。
记叙文阅读主要抓六大要素，时间地点、人物和事件的起因经过和结果。除此之外，还要注意人物之间的关系、表现，再从中分析人物的思想品质、性格特征等。
议论文是阐明对人或事的立场观点，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理从而得出结论。
应用文能站近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、 广告、便条、中清书、个人简历等，形式多样，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。
二、统览全篇摘录要点
阅读理解是对整前文章的目的、意园、观点、立场、志度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。
在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录，因为些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接获取的，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。抽录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。
三、开动脑筋推测词义
初中英语教学基本要求规定，学生能根据上下文推测词义，并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料。换言之，这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程，学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为，可以借助以下几种方法完成内化过程:
(1)根据上下文猜测调义。
(2)根据构词法猜测词义。
前缓un-表反义词，如happy-unhappy; fair unfair; important-unimportant等。
缀-ment表名词，如develop development; state statement; argue- argument等。
后最-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate- calculator; visit- visitor; law- lawyer; art-artist等。
四、用知识和生活经验理解短文
如根据化学知识，可以理解Walter is made from oxygen and hydrogen;根据生活经验可以理解Green plants let out oxygen and breathe in carbon dioxide.
还有一种方法是根据逻辑推理理解短文。逆细推理实际上就是文章的弦外之音”“言下之意”。
五、条分缕析理解长旬
物型，相生间选理制的对点之一，长句中酒常包含并列、复合、倒装等结构，对于这类句子要分清主次先批出包句子的主、谓、宾、定、状、补，再找出修饰它的从句短语等经过分析，化整为零，化默为简，此句就不难理解了。
第二部分 阅读理解专项训练（含解析）
一
Fat people are always looking for ways to be slim without giving up their favourite food or taking a lot of exercise. Here is some good news for them. This is not a diet. It’s a simple way to become slim. And you don’t even have to give up the food you love or do a lot of exercise. You just follow some habits that thin people have. Keep them, and you’ll become thin.
(1) Wake-up
When you wake up in the morning, sit up slowly without using your hands. With legs straight out, bend(弯曲) forward until you feel sore(酸) in your back. It will burn about 10 calories(卡路里).
(2) Start with soup
When you have a meal, order a clear soup, and have it before having the main food. In this way, you’ll feel fuller, so you’ll eat less when the main food comes.
(3) An apple (or more) a day
Apples are full of fiber(纤维) and water, so your stomach(胃) will want less. The study shows that people who eat at least three apples a day lose weight.
(4) Stand up and walk around
Every time you use the mobile phone, stand up and walk around. Most of the heavy people sit two and a half hours more each day than thin people. This skill is very important as standing up and walking around will burn 50 or more calories.
Use these skills, and you will become slimmer and slimmer.
1．What should we have first if we want to eat less main food
A．Ice cream. B．Soup. C．Salad. D．Cheese.
2．Why does eating apples make one’s stomach want less food
A．Because apples are full of fiber and water.
B．Because apples are sweet.
C．Because apples are delicious.
D．Because only apples are filled with calories.
3．What’s the purpose(目的) of the passage
A．To tell people how to be slim.
B．To ask people to eat apples every day.
C．To tell people how to enjoy a better life.
D．To ask people to give up bad habits(习惯).
4．In which part of a newspaper can you read the passage(文章)
A．Shopping. B．Teaching. C．Family. D．Health.
二
Last summer, Wang Lin visited her uncle in the USA．Her cousin Tom was very happy to meet her. But he had little time to play with her because he was busy making money by doing summer jobs. He introduced some of his jobs to Wang Lin and advised(建议)her to join him.
6:30 a.m. newspaper delivering(派送)
If you are good at riding a bicycle and can get up early, sending newspapers door to door is a good job for you. You can make a lot of money by working for 2 or 3 neighbourhoods at the same time.
9:00 a.m. dog walking
If you are a pet lover, there is no better job than a dog walker. You can not only play with lovely pets, but also get some extra money.
10:00 a.m. lawn mowing(修剪草坪)
If a homeowner is on holiday, he will need someone to mow the lawn. Usually, you can charge(收费) anywhere from $10 to $40 per metre according to the size of the lawn. It will really make you a rich person among your friends in a very short time.
4:00 p.m. babysitting(临时保姆)
Parents need babysitters sometimes when they go for date nights and other social(社会) activities. Since you know the games kids enjoy, you can stop the babies from crying by teaching them these interesting things.
5．Wang Lin wants to make a lot of money in a short time but she can’t get up early. Which job is suitable(合适的) for her
A．Lawn mowing. B．Dog walking. C．Newspaper delivering. D．Babysitting.
6．Tom can’t play with Wang Lin because ________.
A．he is not happy to see her B．he has much homework to do
C．doesn’t have much money D．he is busy making money
7．What can we learn from the passage
A．Tom can drive a car well.
B．Tom is a rich boy and he loves animals.
C．Tom knows how to make babies happy.
D．Tom does four kinds of summer jobs.
三
Do you sleep well If you don’t, here are some ideas for you.
★Go to bed at the same time every night. It helps your body get into a routine. Keeping this routine will help you get better sleep.
★Don’t eat or drink anything with caffeine before you go to sleep. Chocolate and ice cream with caffeine are also bad for your sleep.
★Don’t have a TV in your bedroom. According to a survey, kids usually sleep less with a TV set in their bedrooms. If you have one, turn it off when it’s time to sleep.
★Don’t watch scary TV shows or movies before bedtime. They make it hard for you to fall asleep. But you can take a hot shower or listen to relaxing music.
★Don’t do much exercise before going to bed. Do exercise earlier in the daytime. It helps you sleep better.
★Use your bed just for sleeping. Don’t do your homework, read books or play games on the phone when you are in bed.
8．The underlined word “routine” means “________” in Chinese.
A．道路 B．更新 C．常规 D．速度
9．According to the passage, we can’t ________ before going to bed.
① watch scary movies ② take a shower ③ play basketball
④ drink a cup of coffee ⑤listen to relaxing music
A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①④⑤
10．Which is NOT TRUE according to the passage
A．A warm shower can help you sleep well.
B．It’s not good to have a TV in a bedroom.
C．Going to bed at the same time is good for you.
D．Before going to bed, you can eat ice cream with caffeine.
11．The passage maybe is from a book about ________.
A．weather B．health C．sports D．music
12．Which is the best title for the passage
A．How to sleep well B．Where to exercise
C．When to go to bed D．Why to listen to music
四
Welcome to our restaurant and enjoy our nice food!
Menu
MAIN FOOD(主食)Hamburger ￥10.00Fried chicken ￥7.00Rice with eggs ￥4.50Rice with vegetables ￥4.00
DRINKSOrange juice ￥3.50/glass ￥6.00 for TWOApple juice ￥2.50/glass ￥4.50 for TWOCoke ￥5.00/bottle ￥9.00 for TWOMilk ￥4.00/bottle
DESSERTS（甜食）Chocolate ￥12.00/barBanana cake ￥5.00Ice-cream ￥3.00
13．How much is the rice with vegetables
A．￥3.00. B．￥4.00. C．￥4.48. D．￥7.00.
14．Tom buys two hamburgers and three ice-creams. How much does he have to pay
A．￥23.00. B．￥26.00. C．￥29.00. D．￥33.00.
15．You can’t buy ________ in this restaurant
A．fried chicken B．chocolate C．banana cakes D．Bread
五
My name is Judy. I lost my pen in the school library. The color of it is red and yellow. Can you find it Please call me at 347-8720. Thank you a lot.
Whose watch is it I found it on the school playground. It's black and it's very nice, If you want to find it, you can call Cindy at 325-6701.
There is an eraser in the lost and found box in my school. The color of it is blue, Is it yours If you lose it, please call Frank at 217-5691.
16．Judy ________ in the school library.
A．lost her watch B．found a watch C．lost her pen D．found an eraser
17．What color is the watch
A．Red. B．Yellow. C．Blue. D．Black.
18．If you lose your eraser, you can call ________.
A．Linda B．Cindy C．Judy D．Frank
六
Everything has a name. All people, places, and things have names. Jenny is the name of a student from the UK. The UK is the name of a country. Cities and towns（城镇）have names, too. Schools also have names. Tomato, potato and carrot are names of vegetables. Apple, orange and banana are names of fruit.
When we meet a new person（人）, we usually ask, “What’s your name ” Most people have two names. Names are different all over the world. In Jenny’s class, she must know the names of the students from all over the world. This is not easy because the names are very different（不同的）.
In the USA, most people have a first name, a middle name and a last name. Parents choose（选择）the first and middle names for their babies. The last name is the family name. Usually it is the father’s family name. In a family, the mother, the father and the children usually have the same last name.
Sometimes a person has a nickname, too. A nickname is a special name. It’s not a person’s real name. Abraham Lincoln’s nickname was “Honest Abe”, because he was honest（诚实的）. And it is short for Abraham. Pele is the nickname of the football player, Edison Aeraesde Nascimento. But everyone calls him Pele.
19．The UK is the name of ________.
A．a city B．a town C．a country D．a school
20．It is not easy for Jenny to know all the names in her class because ________.
A．the names are different
B．most people have two names
C．some people have nicknames
D．some names are very long and some are very short
21．In the USA, ________.
A．parents choose the middle and last name for their babies.
B．the mother, the father and the children usually have different last names in a family
C．every person has a nickname
D．Abraham Lincoln’s nickname was “Honest Abe” because he was an honest person
22．According to the passage, what is Pele’s real name
A．Honest Abe. B．Abraham Lincoln.
C．Edison Aeraesde Nascimento. D．We don’t know.
参考答案
一
短文大意
文章主要介绍了一些实用的减肥技巧，分别是早上起床时做点运动、饭前先喝汤、多吃苹果、经常站立或走动。
答案解析
1．细节理解题。根据“When you have a meal, order a clear soup, and have it before having the main food. In this way, you’ll feel fuller, so you’ll eat less when the main food comes.”可知，主菜之前先喝汤，可以让你主食吃的更少。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“Apples are full of fiber(纤维) and water, so your stomach(胃) will want less.”可知，是因为苹果满是纤维素和水分。故选A。
3．主旨大意题。根据“And you don’t even have to give up the food you love or do a lot of exercise. You just follow some habits that thin people have. Keep them, and you’ll become thin.”可知，这是一篇建议如何减肥的文章。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据文章的主旨是分享减肥小技巧可推断出，这是一篇有关于健康的文章，可能出现在报纸的健康版面。故选D。
二
短文大意
本文是汤姆向王琳介绍自己暑假的工作，并且并劝她加入他的工作。
答案解析
5．细节理解题。根据第三个工作lawn mowing的时间10:00 a.m.和“It will really make you a rich person among your friends in a very short time.”可知，王琳想在短时间内挣很多钱，但她不能早起，只有修剪草坪这个工作适合她，故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据“But he had little time to play with her because he was busy making money by doing summer jobs.”可知，因为他忙着赚钱，所以没有时间和王琳玩，故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据“He introduced some of his jobs to Wang Lin and advised(建议)her to join him.”和文章内容可知，Tom介绍了他在做的四种工作，这四种工作应该都是Tom会做的，故选C。
三
短文大意
文章主要是介绍几个有助于睡眠的好建议。
答案解析
8．词义猜测题。根据“Go to bed at the same time every night.”可知，要让按时睡觉成为一种习惯，所以“routine”指的是习惯，常规，故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据“Don’t eat or drink anything with caffeine before you go to sleep. Chocolate and ice cream with caffeine are also bad for your sleep.”以及“Don’t watch scary TV shows or movies before bedtime.”以及“Don’t do much exercise before going to bed.”可知，睡前不要吃或喝任何含咖啡因的东西；睡前不要看恐怖的电视节目或电影；睡觉前不要做太多运动。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据“Don’t eat or drink anything with caffeine before you go to sleep. Chocolate and ice cream with caffeine are also bad for your sleep.”可知，睡前吃含有咖啡因的冰淇淋会影响睡眠，故选D。
11．推理判断题。根据“Do you sleep well If you don’t, here are some ideas for you.”及整个文章的理解可知，本文是健康方面的建议，应该是来源于与健康有关的专栏，故选B。
12．最佳标题题。根据“Do you sleep well If you don’t, here are some ideas for you.”及整个文章的理解可知，本文主要是介绍几个有助于睡眠的好建议，故选A。
四
短文大意
文章是一家餐厅的菜单的详细介绍情况。
答案解析
13．细节理解题。根据“MAIN FOOD(主食)”中的信息“Rice with vegetables ￥4.00”可知，青菜炒饭是4元，故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据“MAIN FOOD(主食)”中的信息“Hamburger ￥10.00”以及“DESSERTS（甜食）”中的“Ice-cream ￥3.00”可知，一个汉堡是10元，两个就是20元，一个冰淇淋是3元，三个就是9元，所以买两个汉堡和三个冰淇淋一共需要29元，故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据整个菜单的显示可知，菜单中没有面包卖，故选D。
五
短文大意
表格中提供了Judy、Cindy和Frank的姓名、联系方式、丢失和捡到的物品。
答案解析
16．细节理解题。根据表格一“My name is Judy. I lost my pen in the school library.”可知Judy丢了钢笔。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据表格二“It's black and it's very nice”可知，手表是黑色的。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据表格三“If you lose it, please call Frank at 217-5691.”可知，如果丢了橡皮可以给Frank打电话。故选D。
六
短文大意
每个事物都有名字，如人、地方、事物等等，名字很重要，我们每天都要使用。这篇短文给我们介绍了关于“名字”的一些有趣的事。
答案解析
19．细节理解题。根据“The UK is the name of a country.”可知，英国是一个国家的名字。故选C。
20．细节理解题。根据“This is not easy because the names are very different（不同的）.”可知，珍妮不容易知道她班上所有的名字，因为名字不一样。故选A。
21．细节理解题。根据“Abraham Lincoln's nickname was "Honest Abe", because he was honest（诚实的）. And it is short for Abraham.”可知，亚伯拉罕·林肯的绰号是“诚实的亚伯”，因为他是一个诚实的人，故选D。
22．细节理解题。根据“Pele is the nickname of the football player, Edison Aeraesde Nascimento.”可知，Pele是足球运动员Edison Aeraesde Nascimento的昵称。故选C。