中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks. SectionA (2d&Grammar Focus-4c ) 课时教学设计
课型 听说+语法课 课时 1
教材分析
本课时主要是本单元的语法部分，语法结构较为繁杂，教学压力相对较大。因此，将本单元的重点语言结构分散到本单元不同部分进行教学。例如：Section A的1a-1c的教学建议提及了could表示建议的功能，2a-2c活动的教学已囊括了动词短语的初步介绍，而在3a-3c的教学建议里已包含了对动词不定式的学习。在本课，通过不同形式的练习，可帮助学生梳理巩固。
学情分析
通过第一课时的学习，学生讨论和分享了参与志愿服务工作的方式，巩固了对动副短语用法的理解，深化了对本单元话题（Offering help）的感知。本课时阅读材料脉络清晰，层次分明，生词不多，学生没有很多理解层面的障碍。对于动词不定式，学生之前主要当做词组来记忆，需引导其加强对句子的分析，才能进一步理解动词不定式的作用。
课时教学目标
语言能力：能够在多个语篇创设的情境中正确使用动词不定式和短语动词，理解和表达他人与自己热心公益和志愿服务的意愿和经历。 学习能力：能在学习活动中积极与他人合作，共同完成学习任务；能在学习过程中积极思考，主动探究，发现并尝试使用多种策略解决语言学习中的问题，积极进行拓展性运用。 思维品质：能够在老师的引导下，通过观察、讨论、归纳等课堂活动，探究动词短语和动词不定式的语言规律，提高思维的逻辑性和深刻性，加强语言表达的准确性。 文化意识：能够了解国外的同龄人所参与的志愿服务活动，从而懂得关爱他人、服务社会的价值和意义，热心公益。
教学重难点
教学重点：正确使用动词不定式表达意愿，初步感知动词不定式在句中的多种角色；掌握文章出现的生词，达到熟练运用的目的； 教学难点：动词不定式在英语句子中的成分与作用。
教学方法
情境式教学，任务型教学法
教学工具
PPT课件，多功能白板，教案
设 计 教 学 过 程
教师导学 学生活动 设计意图
Step1: Lead in 播放视频，提出问题What do you think of the old man 进一步引入Lots of old people are lonely living in an old people’s home. Have you ever worked in an old people’s home What can we do in an old people’s home 导入新课Helen is making some plans to work in an old people’s home. Tom did that last summer. Step2: 2d Task1:Let’s watch a video to know what they are talking about. Task2:Read the conversation and answer the questions. 1. Where’s Helen going to work this summer 2.How did Tom help out with the old people 3.What did the old people tell Tom 4.Why did Tom and Helen think they should listen to and care for the old people Task3: Language points 1.used to 曾经……；过去…… 表示过去一度存在或经常发生，但现在已经不存在的动作或状态。其后接动词原形，且不与表示过去的时间状语连用。used to的否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to(usedn’t to)。 【拓展延伸】 be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”，to 在此处为介词。 2.lonely&alone 3. care for在此处意为“照顾”，相当于look after 或take care of。care for还可意为“非常喜欢”，常与not连用。 She cared for my little baby when I went out. 我出去时，她照看我的小孩子。 She doesn't care for skating.她不喜欢滑冰。 Task4：Fill in the blanks according to the conversation. Tom worked in an old people's home _________ summer. He did many things to help the old people, like reading _________ or just talking to them.The old people told him _________ about the past and how things _________ be.Tom thinks that a lot of people are ______ so we should listen to them and _________ them. Helen agrees with Tom, because she thinks we are all going to be _________ one day. Task5:Role-play Step 3：Grammar focus 探究一:动词不定式（infinitive） 1.定义:动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能直接作谓语。 2.构成：动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，常写作to do(有时to可以省略)。 3.用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等。 1).作主语 一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。 为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，而将不定式放在后面作真正的主语。 作宾语 We decide to plant trees this weekend. I want to be a volunteer. Lily wants to find a job as an English teacher in Beijing. 3)作宾语补足语:动词不定式用来补充说明宾语的情况。 Our teacher asked us to clean the classroom after school. Mary invited her friends to come to her birthday party. 感官动词(hear, see, watch, feel, notice, listen to, look at等)后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 I saw them enter the room. When I passed the classroom, I saw them singing. 注：see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做某事”，表示看见了事情的全过程或者多次看见。宾语补足语的动作已完成，动词用省略to的不定式。see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事”，表示宾语补足语的动作正在进行，动词用动名词形式。 使役动词(make, let, have)后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 My parents make me do some housework. help后面的动词不定式可加to，也可不加to。 Could you help me (to) carry the box 4）做表语：动词不定式做表语常用于以下结构： My/Her/His job/dream/goal/aim is… My dream is to be an astronaut. Her job is to look after sick children. 5）作定语 6）作状语 To keep healthy, he runs in the park every day. We should work together to save the Earth. 目的状语:动词不定式可表示某一动作或状态的目的，位于句首或句尾。 探究二：短语动词（Phrasal verbs） 1.动词+介词 介词后须有宾语，宾语位于介词后。介词有：for, after, about, of, with, at... wait for 等待 laugh at 嘲 look after 照顾 agree with 同意 2）动词+副词 副词有： up, out, down, off, away, in... give away 捐赠 hand out 分发 put up 举起；张贴 put off 推迟 3）动词+副词+介词 相当于及物动词，宾语总是位于介词之后 come up with 想出 look forward to 盼望 get on with 和睦相处 4）动词+名词 have a cold 感冒 make a difference 影响；有作用 take a walk 散步 5）动词+名词+介词 take part in 参加 pay attention to 注意 make friends with 交朋友 Step4. Practice. 1.Work on 4b finish the task in 4a.Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box. 2.Work on 4b Circle the best advice for these health problems. Then add your own advice. 3.Work on 4c One student mimes a problem. The other students in your group guess the problem and give advice. Step5. Summary 观看视频思考问题。 积极参与讨论问题。 学习2d部分内容。 根据要求完成相应的任务： 观察并预测对话内容。 阅读对话并回答问题。 跟读。 理解知识点并做好相关笔记。 学会复述并演绎对话内容。 观察语法框内划线部分，思考分析本单元语法重点。 学习基本概念。 观察例句并学习动词不定式的用法。 认真做好相关笔记。 学习短语动词的概念。 学习短语动词的用法。 认真做好笔记。 完成书本4a任务。 完成书本4b任务。 完成书本4c任务。 跟随老师一起进行内容总结。 将知识点做好笔记进行理解消化。 通过观看视频回答问题激发学生的学习兴趣，引出本节课对话教学主题。 利用2d对话语篇设计阅读任务，以增强学生的听力技能和阅读技能。 知识点详细讲解，帮助学生学习新单词，巩固目标句型。 根据对话内容补全文章。对话与同桌进行角色扮演。 通过演绎法和观察法，充分发挥学生的主观能动性，语法规则都由学生自寻，老师扮演引导者和辅助者的角色，更有利于学生创造性思维的培养。 引导学生仔细观察例句，通过独立思考、同伴讨论等方式进行初步的语言实践，在语境中感知、观察、分析与模仿所学语言，掌握动词不定式的不同用法，培养学生运用语言进行交际的能力。 让学生在课上练习消化知识点，及时操练重点知识点和目标语言，让教师把握学情。 总结本课所学内容，巩固加深印象。 利用将思维导图给学生进行有序的梳理。
课时教学板书设计
课时作业设计
Level A : Write a passage about your or your friend's experience of being a volunteer. Try to use infinitive and phrasal verbs. Level B : Do more exercises about infinitive and phrasal verbs.
课后反思（实施后填写）
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人教新目标版 八年级下
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks.
2d&Grammar focus-4c优质课
Learning objectives
1.掌握本课时重点词汇和句型：raise, midnight, alone,put up, be busy with, be worried about...等.
2. 通过问答活动，能够了解动词不定式的基本用法，在实际运用中体会和领悟不定式的表意功能。
3.掌握动词不定式的用法和功能；短语动词。
4. 培养学生为他人着想，热爱公益事业，乐于助人的优良品质。
What do you think of the old man
He is lonely and understanding.
He loves his daughter very much.
Warming-up
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With the aging of the population, there are more and more old people in China.
We’re all going to be old one day. We should care for the old.
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Have you ever worked in an old people’s home
What can we do in an old people’s home
Lots of old people are lonely living
in an old people’s home.
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cut their hair
read the newspaper
give out watermelons
talk to them
put on a performance
Have you ever worked in an old people’s home
What can we do in an old people’s home
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Helen is making some plans to work in an old people’s home. Tom did that last summer.
Let’s watch a video to know what they are talking about.
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What are they talking about
They are talking about working in an old people’s home.
1. Where’s Helen going to work this summer
Read the conversation and answer the questions.
2.How did Tom help out with the old people
4.Why did Tom and Helen think they should listen to and
care for the old people
3.What did the old people tell Tom
She’s going to work in an old people’s home.
Reading the newspaper or just talking to the old people.
The stories about the past and how things used to be.
We’re all going to be old one day, too.
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Helen: Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work in an old people's home this
summer.
Tom: Really I did that last summer!
Helen: Oh, what did they ask you to help out with
Tom: Mm... things like reading the newspaper to the old people, or just talking to
them. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
Helen: That sounds interesting.
Tom: Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. We should listen to them and care for
them.
Helen: You're right. I mean, we're all going to be old one day, too.
制定一些计划
在养老院
help (sb.) out 分担……工作；帮一把；帮助（某人）摆脱困境
talk to sb.与某人交谈。
tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事。
used to 曾经…；过去…
孤独的。
listen to sb. 听某人的话。
照顾
Listen and read.
2d
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Language points
used to 曾经……；过去…… 表示过去一度存在或经常发生，但现在已经不存在的动作或状态。其后接动词原形，且不与表示过去的时间状语连用。used to的否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to(usedn’t to)。
He used to be a teacher.
He didn’t use to wear glasses. = He usedn’t to wear glasses.
【拓展延伸】 be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”，to 在此处为介词。
Mario is used to volunteering at an animal hospital now.
1. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
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2.①Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.
②I want to travel alone.
lonely 形容词 意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，指情感上的孤独，带有伤感的色彩。（①句中用法） 意为“荒凉的；偏僻的”，通常用于名词前作定语 alone 副词 意为“独自；单独”，相当于by oneself。（②句中用法） 强调没有同伴的客观情况，不含感彩。
形容词 意为“单独的；独自的”，常用作表语。 Though John was not alone, he was lonely.
虽然约翰并不是独自一个人,他却感觉寂寞。
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care
care for照顾；非常喜欢
care about 关心；在意
take care当心；小心
take care of 照顾
【归纳总结】 与care相关的短语：
care for在此处意为“照顾”，相当于look after 或take care of。
care for还可意为“非常喜欢”，常与not连用。
She cared for my little baby when I went out.
我出去时，她照看我的小孩子。
She doesn't care for skating.她不喜欢滑冰。
3. We should listen to them and care for them.
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Tom worked in an old people's home summer. He did many things to help the old people, like reading ____ or just talking to them.The old people told him __ about the past and how things ____ be.Tom thinks that a lot of people are ______ so we should listen to them and _________ them. Helen agrees with Tom, because she thinks we are all going to be one day.
last
newspapers
stories
used to
lonely
care for
old
Fill in the blanks according to the conversation.
Post reading
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Role-play the conversation.
Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work...
Really I did that last summer!
Post reading
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Please underline the infinitive structures.
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
I’d like to do
ask sb. to do
volunteer…to do
learn to do
decide to do
help sb. to do
make…to do
let sb. do
help sb. do
“to+动词原形”，
有时to可省略。
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I’d like to help homeless people.
She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.
Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read.
I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
动词不定式结构
作宾语：主语+谓语V. + to do
作宾补：主语+谓语V.+sb.+ to
作目的状语
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动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能直接作谓语。
动词不定式（infinitive）
定义
构成
动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，常写作to do(有时to可以省略)。
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用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等。
动词不定式（infinitive）
状语
宾语
宾语补足语
主语
表语
定语
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1.作主语
用法
To travel around the world is his dream.
To learn English is important and useful.
一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。
为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，往往用it代替不定式作形式主语，而将不定式放在后面作真正的主语。
=It is his dream to travel around the world.
=It important and useful to learn English.
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用法
We decide to plant trees this weekend.
I want to be a volunteer.
2.作宾语
Lily wants to find a job as an English teacher in Beijing.
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Our teacher asked us to clean the classroom
after school.
Mary invited her friends to come
to her birthday party.
用法
动词不定式用来补充说明宾语的情况。
3.作宾语补足语
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用法
感官动词(hear, see, watch, feel, notice, listen to, look at等)后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
I saw them enter the room.
3.作宾语补足语
When I passed the classroom,
I saw them singing.
see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做某事”，表示看见了事情的全过程或者多次看见。宾语补足语的动作已完成，动词用省略to的不定式。
see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事”，表示宾语补足语的动作正在进行，动词用动名词形式。
其他感官动词也是这样的用法哦！
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用法
使役动词(make, let, have)后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
My parents make me do some housework.
help后面的动词不定式可加to，也可不加to。
Could you help me (to) carry the box
3.作宾语补足语
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My dream is to be an astronaut.
Her job is to look after sick children.
动词不定式做表语常用于以下结构：
My/Her/His job/dream/goal/aim is…
用法
4.做表语
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I have much homework to do.
He wants to have something to eat.
用法
5.作定语
I have a pen to write with.
She doesn’t have a house to live in.
不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系，若是不及物动词, 介词不能省略。
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To keep healthy, he runs in the park every day.
We should work together to save the Earth.
目的状语:动词不定式可表示某一动作或状态的目的，位于句首或句尾。
用法
6.作状语
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I’m happy to see you again.
I am sorry to trouble you.
原因状语:在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。
用法
6.作状语
结果状语
可用于too...to...
结构中。
He is old enough to go to school by himself.
He is too shy to ask anyone for help.
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He doesn’t know where to go.
Could you tell me how to learn English
与特殊疑问词连用：放在what, which, where, when, which, who, how等词之后。
用法
疑问词
+不定式
6.作状语
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动词
不定式
want, refuse, forget; need, try, learn; choose, agree, help; hope/wish/expect, decide, begin/start
形式：to+动词原形(to有时省略)，否定：not to+动词原形
没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语
概述
用法
作宾语
谓语动词用单数
ask, tell, want, teach, wish, help, warn, invite, encourage
作宾补
作状语
作定语
作表语
作主语
可放句首，一般用逗号隔开，也可放句尾
通常放在所修饰词之后
常用于My/Her/ job/goal/aim is…
动词不定式（infinitive）
Summary
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Please circle the phrasal verbs.
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
Grammar Focus
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短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
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1.
动词+介词
wait for 等待 laugh at 嘲
look after 照顾 agree with 同意
介词后须有宾语，宾语位于介词后。介词有：for, after, about, of, with, at...
Do you agree with me
She is waiting for the bus.
短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
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2.
动词+副词
give away 捐赠 hand out 分发
put up 举起；张贴 put off 推迟
副词有：
up, out, down, off, away, in...
Can you help me pick the pen up
短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
He gave them away to poor children.
Can you help me pick up the pen
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come up with 想出
look forward to 盼望
get on with 和睦相处
相当于及物动词，宾语总是位于介词之后
短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
She came up with a good idea.
I am looking forward to your reply.
3.
动词+副词
+介词
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have a cold 感冒
make a difference 影响；有作用
take a walk 散步
They take a walk in the park.
She had a cold last week.
4.
动词+名词
短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
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5.
动词+名词
+介词
take part in 参加
pay attention to 注意
make friends with 交朋友
We can make friends with nice people.
I want to take part in the football match.
短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
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短语动词
类型及用法
相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后
相当于及物动词，名词前可加形容词，宾语位于介词后
相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语(须位于介词后)
可看作及物动词，名词可位于之间或之后，
代词只能位于中间
动词+介词
动词+副词
动词+副词+介词
动词+名词+介词
短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
Summary
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1. I want to ______ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year.
2. She hopes to _______ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.
Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.
4a
be busy with... 忙于，后接名词或代词
put off
call up
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
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3. Our class is trying to ____________ some ideas to ________ sick children because they are often sad.
4. We decided to ______ signs around the school and ________ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will _______ the money from the sale to homeless people.
come up with
cheer up
put up
hand out
give out
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with
give out
put off
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Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs _______ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what _____ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do ______ others. There are many people who are less lucky than us.
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
4b
help move do make visit spend
to make
to do
to help
be worried about 担心……
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Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way _______ our free time. For example, we can make plans _______ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year _______ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.
help move do make visit spend
to spend
to visit
to move
为……筹款
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Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.
I’d like to volunteer _______________
At 12:00 a.m., I called my friend
__________________________________
3. I’m very busy but I could help
_________________________________
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want ____________________________
5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me ________________________
to help poor people.
to have lunch together
to do the housework for my parents.
to have a long journey abroad.
not to eat unhealthy food.
4c
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php
