人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第三册Unit 1 Art Reading and Thinking知识点课件 (共32张PPT)
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| 名称 | 人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第三册Unit 1 Art Reading and Thinking知识点课件 (共32张PPT) |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 41.3MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-02-26 15:19:27 | ||
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(共32张PPT)
本单元的引言出自美国思想家拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生的散文《论美》（Beauty）。在《论美》一文中，爱默生指出：美是人类灵魂的一种需求。人人都有爱美之心，而艺术家不满足于对美的仰慕之情。对美的追求和热爱，激励着艺术家不断创造作品，以新的形式去表现美。这种美的创造就是“艺术”。
Love of beauty is taste. The creation of beauty is art.
—— Ralph Waldo Emerson
对美的喜爱是品位。对美的创造是艺术。
——拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生
Painting is a silent poetry, and poetry is a speaking picture.
Enjoy the paintings; enjoy your life!
画是无言的诗, 诗是有声的画。
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING What is Western art It is hard to give a precise definition. As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century)
During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337). While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment. In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.
religion n.宗教
set A apart from B=distinguish A from B 使A区别于B
set apart 留出；分离
Two rooms were set apart for use as libraries. 留出两个房间作为图书室。
给出精确定义
做某事的方法
几个世纪以来
...的目的是……
粗糙且二维化
真实场景
他的画与其他绘画不同
尤其是
逼真的人脸
强烈的情感冲击
give a precise definition the way to do sth. =the way of doing
over the centuries the purpose of ... is/was to do sth
primitive and two-dimensional
realistic scenes his paintings are set apart from other paintings
in particular
realistic human faces
deep emotional impact
辨析to do/doing做表语
1.His hobby is_________(paint）
2.His dream is (become)a painter.
3.My aim is (let) China go to the world and let the world understand China.
I have been here over three years.
aim; goal;objective n.目标
对...有影响
have an effect/influence/impact on;make a difference to...
to do作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事
in total/all 总共 ;in brief/short 总之 ;in general 一般而言
define vt.给...下定义 definite /definitely
painting
to become
to let
doing作表语表示抽象的、一般性的动作
make no/all difference to
教材原句1. As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.
由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述
as原因状语从句, 表示因为，由于,此时as相当于since
1.Everyone likes you as you are so kind.
2.When in Rome do as the Romans do.
3.As students grow up, they are likely to develop their good habits of learning.
4.Happy as they were, there was something missing.
5.The task is not as tough as I thought.
"as ...as...”或"not so/as... as...”
As引导的状语从句类型
照……方式
方式状语从句
时间状语从句
让步状语从句
比较状语从句
就像
当……时，随着
虽然，尽管(though)
像……一样
原因状语从句
因为，由于
1.While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment.
2.While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt
3,While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir , focused on people.
2.While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment.
尽管他的画仍然是宗教主题，但它们展示的是真实环境中的真实人物。尤其是他的画作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他画作中脱颖而出。
while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”, while 位于句首
although/though/even if/as
despite the fact that/in spite of the fact that
句式转换：
While it was hot at night, we slept soundly because we were so tired after a long journey.
= __________________________ we slept soundly because we were so tired after a long journey.
= __________________________, we slept soundly because we were so tired after a long journey.
Hot though/as it was at night ,
Though /Although it was hot at night
尽管他很小，他却知识渊博。
尽管他很有钱，他却过着简朴的生活
While he is young, he is knowledgeable.
Though he is very wealthy, he lives a simple life.
高考高频词while的用法
2.while 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，此时 while相当于 during the time that ... ，从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词的进行时或状态动词，不可用短暂性动词。
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁
while 引导并列句，强调两种情况间的差别，表示对比，意为“然而
I picked up French while I was working in France
I like tea while my brother likes coffee.
while 作从属连词：
while 作并列连词：
while从句中的省略：当while从句中的主语与主句的主语一致，且含有be的某种形式时，从句中的主语连同be可同时省略。
While in London, he studied music and painting.
意为“一会儿；一段时间””
while 作名词：
after a while“过了一会儿”；all the while“一直，始终”；
once in a while“偶尔、间或”wait/rest(for)a while“等/休息一会儿
1.while 引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”
There will be life while there is water and air
3.while 引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”
[练通]——猜猜加黑词while的含义
①While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.____________
②While working, I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under the hot sun.___________
③Some students prefer to read electronic books while others insist on the traditional way of reading.____________
④There will be hope while you stick to your dream.____________
尽管；虽然
当……的时候
然而，可是
找出本文的不定式，并分析其用法
知识点五：不定式的用法
1.It is hard to give a precise definition.
2.Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
3.During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.
4....the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance.
5.In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene ...
6.He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
7.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question,“What is art？”
主语
宾语
表语
状语
定语
表语
表语
表语
只要
不定式做表语
主语是以aim, suggestion, duty, hope, idea, intenion, plan, purpose, solution, the way to do sth.等为中心的名词(词组)时，或者是以what引导的主语从句表示时，一般用动词不定式作表语说明主语的内容。
我们的计划是更好地利用这些材料。
鼓励你的孩子享受美食的最好方法是让他们参与计划和准备它们。
我的建议是征求你父亲的意见。
表示目的
The next step is to make sure that you know what you need.
当主语包含定语从句且先行词为代词all或形容词最高级the least、the most修饰时
All he wanted was to study English well.
表示同意/安排/命令/决定/劝告/愿望/意愿/禁止等。
他们将在下周结婚。(安排)
Our plan is to make better use of these materials.
What I would suggest is to ask your father for his opinion.
The best way to encourage your kids to enjoy meals is to involve them in planning and
preparing them.
They are to marry next week.
The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century)
New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result, painters concentrated less on religious themes. They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401-1428). Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Michelangelo (1475-1564), and Raphael (1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.
replace A with B 用B代替A
sth. +be+ 描绘性形容词+ to do
as early as 早在---时期
accuracy n.精确
emphasize /stress/highlight
新的思想和价值观
较少关注
对生活采取更人性化的态度
重大进展
透视法的使用
在...的基础上发展
题材
达到顶点；达到鼎盛
颇具影响力的画家
赢得声誉，名声大噪
光影大师
从...转移到...
由于其深沉的色彩和现实主义风格
国王、贵族和上流社会人士
历史事件
大多数客户
购买
越来越多地，愈发地
new ideas and values concentrate less on；
adopt a more humanistic attitude to/towards life an important breakthrough
the use of perspective build on/upon...
subject matter
reach its height
influential painters
gain/win/earn a reputation a master of shadow and light
shift from...to...
with their deep colours and realism
kings, nobles, and people of high rank historical events
most clients
purchase=buy
increasingly
value 复数时常表示 “价值观”
humanity n 人性
influence n 影响
destroy/ruin one’s reputation
nobly adv
There’s increasing number of people sending their childer abroad to study
采纳 收养
n.透视法;看法，观点；远景
adoption n.采用；收养
adopted;adoptive
be influential in 对…有影响
reality n 现实 ；realistic adj 现实的 逼真的
一幅美丽的远景展开在我们眼前。
A fine and beautiful perspective opened out before us.
但在我看来，这是必要的
But in my perspective, this aspect is essential
3. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.
n. + be + adj. + 不定式(主动形式表被动的含义)
某些“形容词+不定式”的结构中,不定式有被动意义, 如果是不及物动词，要保留相应介词。
最后，大多数顾客想要的是漂亮、有趣的绘画。
这把椅子看上去相当硬，但实际上坐起来很舒服。
The apples are hard to reach.
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on
他是个很难相处的人。
这些苹果很难够到。
He is difficult to deal with / get along with.
While the problem is complex, it is easy to approach.
The cake is easy to make.
The problem is hard to deal with.
The house is comfortable to live in.
这个问题虽然复杂，但很容易解决。
(3) produce
① The machine is used to produce cap plastics bottles.
② She produced a delicious meal out of a few leftovers.
③ Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.
④ Mr Jackson produced a letter of thanks from his pocket.
He is the greatest athlete (whom) the country has ever produced.
The famous director produced a TV series about adopted children.
We guarantee the freshness of all local produce.
出产
烹制
引起；产生
掏出
培养
拍摄
n. 农产品
Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century. After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840-1926) called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself. While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841-1919), focused on people. Unlike the cold, black-and-white photographs of that time period, Renoir’s paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
realism socialism capitalism materialism idealism optimism
realist
The swimmer emerged from the lake.
emerge from 从….出现，浮现
印象主义者
photograph；photographer
appear/ come out/arise
the invention of photography
no longer
preserve
emerge
convey the light and movement in the scene
subjective impression
seek to do
the outer image
not just...but...
inner warmth and humanity
摄影术的发明不再保存出现
传达场景中的光线和运动
主观印象试图做某事外在形象
不仅...而且...内心的温暖和人性
seek (sought--sought)
Don’t seek to do the best, just to do better!
The story was used to emphasize the humanity of Jesus.
表达，传递(思想、感情)
Colours like red convey a sense of energy and strength.
Please convey my apologies to your wife.
He tried desperately to convey how urgent the situation was.
preserve v. 保护;保存 n. 专门领域
Football is no longer the preserve of men.
preservation n. 保护；保留
carry 常表示移动时搬运着某物，或指随身携带
transport 往往是长距离的运动，常指交通运输
objective reality
subjective assumption
主观的假设
客观的现实
人们用这个故事来强调耶稣人性的一面。
不求做的最好，只求做的更好！
4.He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects，but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
not just...but…(as well)句型： 不仅(不但)…而且…
=not just...but (also)…/not only…but(also)…
妇女不仅被允许参与，而且发挥着非常重要的作用。
Women are not just allowed to join in but play a very important role as well.
=Women are not only allowed to join in but also play a very important role.
not A but B“不是A 而是B”，是否定 A 肯定 B
It is not how much you read but what you read that matters.
I did it not because I liked it but because I could have the chance to work in a big company.
This meal is not for one, but for many people to enjoy.
He can not just drive but repair a car.
This book is not only interesting but also useful.
他力求既展示主题人物的外在形象，又展现其内在的温暖和人性。
单句语法填空
（1）It is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination in the journey itself.
（2）It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not just its beauty but its weather well.
完成句子
（3）生活不仅有阳光，也有艰难的时刻。
Life consists of .
（4）重要的不是故事本身，而是故事所反映的道理。
It is what is reflected in the story that counts.
but
as
not just sunshine but hard times as well
not the story itself but
作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与 B 保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。
Not you but the operator_____(be) to answer for it.
is
要对此负责的是操作员而不是你。
Modern Art (from the 20th century to today) After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, “What do we do next ” Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973) tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality Still others turned to abstract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art ”
existence n.存在
subsequent adj
happening or coming after sth else
随后的；后来的；之后的；接后的
后代
subsequent generations
Subsequent events confirmed our doubts
dream-like
turn to
abstract art
attempt to do sth
梦幻般的
转向...
抽象艺术
试图做某事
4.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，but instead to ask the question，“What is art？
他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出问题：“什么是艺术？”。
句型公式：what引导名词性从句
what 引导名词性从句功能：可用作主语、宾语或表语
……的东西或事情
……的人或样子
意义 ……的数量或数目
……的时间
……的地方
After a hard time, they came to what is called America today.
What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
I have no idea what they are talking about.
What we can’t get seems to be better than what we own.
At present, China isn’t what was thirty years ago.
what在从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语
what引导的名词性从句， that也可引导名词性从句，但that在从句中不作任何成分，也无实际意义,但不可省略；what在从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语.
[练通]——单句语法填空
①[2022·全国乙卷]Soon，however，they realized ________ they had undertaken.
②My requirement is ________ all the students should gather at the school gate at 7：00 a．m. and then go to the park on foot.
③________ astonished me was that she didn't care about my feelings.
[写美]——句型转换
As is known to us，smartphones have become an important part in our daily life.
→_________________________ smartphones have become an important part in our daily life.
what
that
What
What is known to us is that
单句语法填空
（1）The other day，my brother drove his car down the street at I thought was a dangerous speed.
（2） is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.
完成句子
（3） （我打算告诉你的） is about the book donation from our school to your Chinese class.
（4）Compared with the escaped driver，I am proud of （我所做之事）.
（5）I will tell him （你长什么样）so that you can find each other easily.
句型转换
（6）［词汇复现］A number of modern buildings emerged in the place which was wasteland.
→________________________________________________________________
有些what 引导的名词性从句在结构上相当于“名词+ 定语从句”
We now live in what is called the information age. 我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。
=We now live in the age that/which is called the information age
what
What
What I am going to tell you
what I have done
what you look/are like
A number of modern buildings emerged in what was wasteland.
What I want to stress is to raise the public's awareness of protecting the environment.
我想强调的是提高公众的环保意识。(应用文之演讲稿)
4.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，but instead to ask the question，“What is art？
前半句中的表语show reality省略了to，而后半句与之作对比的平行结构to ask the question则是完整的。这种省略to的用法常见于如下情况：
注意：这里的do指的是实意动词，不是助动词。只要前面出现do的任何形式，包括did/does/done，都遵循这个规则。
(1)两个不定式由连词but、except等连接，如果前面的不定式中有单词do，后面的不定式则省略to。
but、except连接，前有do，后无to
I didn't know what to do but read the letter again and again.
除了反反复复读这封信，我不知道该做什么好。
不定式作表语,，前有do，后无to
不定式作表语时，前面主语中有do时，不定式的to省略。
What I want to do is break this bad habit. 我只想戒掉这个坏习惯。
You have no choice but to tell me the truth.
Her goal was to become a great teacher.
All you have to do is finish the job quickly.
He did nothing but call me.
达标检测
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语。 。
（1）give a _______ (准确的) definition
（2）teach people about __________ (基督教)
（3）paint _______ (逼真的) scenes
（4）________ (原始的)and ______________(二维的) painting works
（5）__________ (尤其；特别)
（6）____________ (使与众不同)
precise
Christianity
realistic
primitive
set apart from
in particular
two-dimensional
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语。 。
（7）adopt a more ___________(人文主义的) attitude to life
（8）make an important ____________(突破)
（9）________(有很大影响力的) painters
（10）gain a _________(名声) as a master of shadow and light
（11）kings, ________(贵族) and people of high ______(地位)
（12）the main _________ (人物) in the painting
（13）buy = ________ (购买；采购)
（14）most _______ (客户)
humanistic
breakthrough
nobles
influential
purchase
characters
reputation
clients
rank
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语。 。
（15）important historical events or stories from __________(神话)
（16）the invention of ____________(摄影术)
（17）appear = _______ (出现)
（18）watch the _______ (日出)
（19 ）______ (表达) the light and movement in the scene
（20）the __________ (主观的) impression the scene gave him
（21）the _____(外围的) image of his subject
（22）__________ (随后的) artists
（23）_________ (喜爱；喜欢) fine art = like fine art
mythology
photography
sunrise
emerge
convey
subjective
outer
subsequent
be fond of
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.My client was describing what had happened (精确地) to him.
2.The sculptor has a good because of his striking sculptures.
3.While he is as the most influential person in the company，he is still very humble.
4.The idea he just now was subjective rather than objective.
5.He was in fond of the pond behind his house in his childhood.
precisely
reputation
ranked
conveyed
particular
6.The new iPad I recently from your website is out of order now.
7.There have been further developments (随后的) to our meeting.
8.Though one should have dreams，it’s not to exist on dreams.
purchased
subsequent
realistic
Ⅱ.词形变化填空
1.I am interested in and I want to be a in the future.(photograph)
2.During his life，he made many inventions，all of
which have our daily life greatly.(influence)
3.His painting was so that some thought it was a photo taken by a digital camera.(realism)
photography
photographer
influential
influenced
realistic
realists
4.I like purchasing red clothes in because red is a
popular color in China.(particular)
particular
particularly
Ⅲ.完成句子
1. ，the boy lost his balance and had a bad fall.
那男孩滑冰时失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。
2.He plays .
他不仅弹钢琴而且还拉小提琴。
3.My dream is after my graduation from university.
我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。
While skating on the ice
not just the piano but the violin as well
to become a doctor
4. a world without metals.
很难想象一个没有金属的世界。
5. ，the girl stopped at the gate.(as)
因为害怕这条狗，女孩在门口停下了。
It is hard to think of
As she was frightened of this dog
Unlike the earlier Realists who painted in an ______________(现实的）style. Impressionist painters focused more on their ________（主观的） feelings of things and instant impressions. When Impressionism________（出现） in France in the late 19th century, artists became more interested in everyday subject matter. They were also fascinated by modern objects. As one of the most _______________（有影响力的）impressionist painters, Claude Monet was impressed by the visual effects of the steam engine______________ (尤其是）and he later produced twelve paintings of a train station in Paris.
Fill in the passage with the correct words.
realistic
subjective
emerged
influential
in particular
In 1883, Monet and his a house large family moved to Giverny, where he ________________（购买）a house and some land for his gardens. During his days at Giverny, Monet _____________（喜欢）painting his own gardens, with the water lilies, the pond, and the arched bridge. From this we can see that there were two clear ____________（主题）apparent in his work throughout his career: colors and reflections in water.
Fill in the passage with the correct words.
purchased
was fond of
themes
本单元的引言出自美国思想家拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生的散文《论美》（Beauty）。在《论美》一文中，爱默生指出：美是人类灵魂的一种需求。人人都有爱美之心，而艺术家不满足于对美的仰慕之情。对美的追求和热爱，激励着艺术家不断创造作品，以新的形式去表现美。这种美的创造就是“艺术”。
Love of beauty is taste. The creation of beauty is art.
—— Ralph Waldo Emerson
对美的喜爱是品位。对美的创造是艺术。
——拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生
Painting is a silent poetry, and poetry is a speaking picture.
Enjoy the paintings; enjoy your life!
画是无言的诗, 诗是有声的画。
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING What is Western art It is hard to give a precise definition. As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century)
During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337). While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment. In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.
religion n.宗教
set A apart from B=distinguish A from B 使A区别于B
set apart 留出；分离
Two rooms were set apart for use as libraries. 留出两个房间作为图书室。
给出精确定义
做某事的方法
几个世纪以来
...的目的是……
粗糙且二维化
真实场景
他的画与其他绘画不同
尤其是
逼真的人脸
强烈的情感冲击
give a precise definition the way to do sth. =the way of doing
over the centuries the purpose of ... is/was to do sth
primitive and two-dimensional
realistic scenes his paintings are set apart from other paintings
in particular
realistic human faces
deep emotional impact
辨析to do/doing做表语
1.His hobby is_________(paint）
2.His dream is (become)a painter.
3.My aim is (let) China go to the world and let the world understand China.
I have been here over three years.
aim; goal;objective n.目标
对...有影响
have an effect/influence/impact on;make a difference to...
to do作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事
in total/all 总共 ;in brief/short 总之 ;in general 一般而言
define vt.给...下定义 definite /definitely
painting
to become
to let
doing作表语表示抽象的、一般性的动作
make no/all difference to
教材原句1. As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text.
由于西方的艺术风格多种多样，在短短的一篇课文里不可能进行全面的描述
as原因状语从句, 表示因为，由于,此时as相当于since
1.Everyone likes you as you are so kind.
2.When in Rome do as the Romans do.
3.As students grow up, they are likely to develop their good habits of learning.
4.Happy as they were, there was something missing.
5.The task is not as tough as I thought.
"as ...as...”或"not so/as... as...”
As引导的状语从句类型
照……方式
方式状语从句
时间状语从句
让步状语从句
比较状语从句
就像
当……时，随着
虽然，尽管(though)
像……一样
原因状语从句
因为，由于
1.While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment.
2.While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt
3,While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir , focused on people.
2.While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment.
尽管他的画仍然是宗教主题，但它们展示的是真实环境中的真实人物。尤其是他的画作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感冲击而从其他画作中脱颖而出。
while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”, while 位于句首
although/though/even if/as
despite the fact that/in spite of the fact that
句式转换：
While it was hot at night, we slept soundly because we were so tired after a long journey.
= __________________________ we slept soundly because we were so tired after a long journey.
= __________________________, we slept soundly because we were so tired after a long journey.
Hot though/as it was at night ,
Though /Although it was hot at night
尽管他很小，他却知识渊博。
尽管他很有钱，他却过着简朴的生活
While he is young, he is knowledgeable.
Though he is very wealthy, he lives a simple life.
高考高频词while的用法
2.while 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，此时 while相当于 during the time that ... ，从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词的进行时或状态动词，不可用短暂性动词。
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁
while 引导并列句，强调两种情况间的差别，表示对比，意为“然而
I picked up French while I was working in France
I like tea while my brother likes coffee.
while 作从属连词：
while 作并列连词：
while从句中的省略：当while从句中的主语与主句的主语一致，且含有be的某种形式时，从句中的主语连同be可同时省略。
While in London, he studied music and painting.
意为“一会儿；一段时间””
while 作名词：
after a while“过了一会儿”；all the while“一直，始终”；
once in a while“偶尔、间或”wait/rest(for)a while“等/休息一会儿
1.while 引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”
There will be life while there is water and air
3.while 引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”
[练通]——猜猜加黑词while的含义
①While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.____________
②While working, I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under the hot sun.___________
③Some students prefer to read electronic books while others insist on the traditional way of reading.____________
④There will be hope while you stick to your dream.____________
尽管；虽然
当……的时候
然而，可是
找出本文的不定式，并分析其用法
知识点五：不定式的用法
1.It is hard to give a precise definition.
2.Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
3.During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity.
4....the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance.
5.In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene ...
6.He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
7.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question,“What is art？”
主语
宾语
表语
状语
定语
表语
表语
表语
只要
不定式做表语
主语是以aim, suggestion, duty, hope, idea, intenion, plan, purpose, solution, the way to do sth.等为中心的名词(词组)时，或者是以what引导的主语从句表示时，一般用动词不定式作表语说明主语的内容。
我们的计划是更好地利用这些材料。
鼓励你的孩子享受美食的最好方法是让他们参与计划和准备它们。
我的建议是征求你父亲的意见。
表示目的
The next step is to make sure that you know what you need.
当主语包含定语从句且先行词为代词all或形容词最高级the least、the most修饰时
All he wanted was to study English well.
表示同意/安排/命令/决定/劝告/愿望/意愿/禁止等。
他们将在下周结婚。(安排)
Our plan is to make better use of these materials.
What I would suggest is to ask your father for his opinion.
The best way to encourage your kids to enjoy meals is to involve them in planning and
preparing them.
They are to marry next week.
The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century)
New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result, painters concentrated less on religious themes. They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401-1428). Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Michelangelo (1475-1564), and Raphael (1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.
replace A with B 用B代替A
sth. +be+ 描绘性形容词+ to do
as early as 早在---时期
accuracy n.精确
emphasize /stress/highlight
新的思想和价值观
较少关注
对生活采取更人性化的态度
重大进展
透视法的使用
在...的基础上发展
题材
达到顶点；达到鼎盛
颇具影响力的画家
赢得声誉，名声大噪
光影大师
从...转移到...
由于其深沉的色彩和现实主义风格
国王、贵族和上流社会人士
历史事件
大多数客户
购买
越来越多地，愈发地
new ideas and values concentrate less on；
adopt a more humanistic attitude to/towards life an important breakthrough
the use of perspective build on/upon...
subject matter
reach its height
influential painters
gain/win/earn a reputation a master of shadow and light
shift from...to...
with their deep colours and realism
kings, nobles, and people of high rank historical events
most clients
purchase=buy
increasingly
value 复数时常表示 “价值观”
humanity n 人性
influence n 影响
destroy/ruin one’s reputation
nobly adv
There’s increasing number of people sending their childer abroad to study
采纳 收养
n.透视法;看法，观点；远景
adoption n.采用；收养
adopted;adoptive
be influential in 对…有影响
reality n 现实 ；realistic adj 现实的 逼真的
一幅美丽的远景展开在我们眼前。
A fine and beautiful perspective opened out before us.
但在我看来，这是必要的
But in my perspective, this aspect is essential
3. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.
n. + be + adj. + 不定式(主动形式表被动的含义)
某些“形容词+不定式”的结构中,不定式有被动意义, 如果是不及物动词，要保留相应介词。
最后，大多数顾客想要的是漂亮、有趣的绘画。
这把椅子看上去相当硬，但实际上坐起来很舒服。
The apples are hard to reach.
The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on
他是个很难相处的人。
这些苹果很难够到。
He is difficult to deal with / get along with.
While the problem is complex, it is easy to approach.
The cake is easy to make.
The problem is hard to deal with.
The house is comfortable to live in.
这个问题虽然复杂，但很容易解决。
(3) produce
① The machine is used to produce cap plastics bottles.
② She produced a delicious meal out of a few leftovers.
③ Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.
④ Mr Jackson produced a letter of thanks from his pocket.
He is the greatest athlete (whom) the country has ever produced.
The famous director produced a TV series about adopted children.
We guarantee the freshness of all local produce.
出产
烹制
引起；产生
掏出
培养
拍摄
n. 农产品
Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century. After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840-1926) called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself. While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841-1919), focused on people. Unlike the cold, black-and-white photographs of that time period, Renoir’s paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
realism socialism capitalism materialism idealism optimism
realist
The swimmer emerged from the lake.
emerge from 从….出现，浮现
印象主义者
photograph；photographer
appear/ come out/arise
the invention of photography
no longer
preserve
emerge
convey the light and movement in the scene
subjective impression
seek to do
the outer image
not just...but...
inner warmth and humanity
摄影术的发明不再保存出现
传达场景中的光线和运动
主观印象试图做某事外在形象
不仅...而且...内心的温暖和人性
seek (sought--sought)
Don’t seek to do the best, just to do better!
The story was used to emphasize the humanity of Jesus.
表达，传递(思想、感情)
Colours like red convey a sense of energy and strength.
Please convey my apologies to your wife.
He tried desperately to convey how urgent the situation was.
preserve v. 保护;保存 n. 专门领域
Football is no longer the preserve of men.
preservation n. 保护；保留
carry 常表示移动时搬运着某物，或指随身携带
transport 往往是长距离的运动，常指交通运输
objective reality
subjective assumption
主观的假设
客观的现实
人们用这个故事来强调耶稣人性的一面。
不求做的最好，只求做的更好！
4.He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects，but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
not just...but…(as well)句型： 不仅(不但)…而且…
=not just...but (also)…/not only…but(also)…
妇女不仅被允许参与，而且发挥着非常重要的作用。
Women are not just allowed to join in but play a very important role as well.
=Women are not only allowed to join in but also play a very important role.
not A but B“不是A 而是B”，是否定 A 肯定 B
It is not how much you read but what you read that matters.
I did it not because I liked it but because I could have the chance to work in a big company.
This meal is not for one, but for many people to enjoy.
He can not just drive but repair a car.
This book is not only interesting but also useful.
他力求既展示主题人物的外在形象，又展现其内在的温暖和人性。
单句语法填空
（1）It is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination in the journey itself.
（2）It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not just its beauty but its weather well.
完成句子
（3）生活不仅有阳光，也有艰难的时刻。
Life consists of .
（4）重要的不是故事本身，而是故事所反映的道理。
It is what is reflected in the story that counts.
but
as
not just sunshine but hard times as well
not the story itself but
作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与 B 保持一致，即遵循“就近原则”。
Not you but the operator_____(be) to answer for it.
is
要对此负责的是操作员而不是你。
Modern Art (from the 20th century to today) After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, “What do we do next ” Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973) tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality Still others turned to abstract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, “What is art ”
existence n.存在
subsequent adj
happening or coming after sth else
随后的；后来的；之后的；接后的
后代
subsequent generations
Subsequent events confirmed our doubts
dream-like
turn to
abstract art
attempt to do sth
梦幻般的
转向...
抽象艺术
试图做某事
4.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，but instead to ask the question，“What is art？
他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出问题：“什么是艺术？”。
句型公式：what引导名词性从句
what 引导名词性从句功能：可用作主语、宾语或表语
……的东西或事情
……的人或样子
意义 ……的数量或数目
……的时间
……的地方
After a hard time, they came to what is called America today.
What surprised me is that everybody seemed to be very indifferent to her.
I have no idea what they are talking about.
What we can’t get seems to be better than what we own.
At present, China isn’t what was thirty years ago.
what在从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语
what引导的名词性从句， that也可引导名词性从句，但that在从句中不作任何成分，也无实际意义,但不可省略；what在从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语.
[练通]——单句语法填空
①[2022·全国乙卷]Soon，however，they realized ________ they had undertaken.
②My requirement is ________ all the students should gather at the school gate at 7：00 a．m. and then go to the park on foot.
③________ astonished me was that she didn't care about my feelings.
[写美]——句型转换
As is known to us，smartphones have become an important part in our daily life.
→_________________________ smartphones have become an important part in our daily life.
what
that
What
What is known to us is that
单句语法填空
（1）The other day，my brother drove his car down the street at I thought was a dangerous speed.
（2） is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.
完成句子
（3） （我打算告诉你的） is about the book donation from our school to your Chinese class.
（4）Compared with the escaped driver，I am proud of （我所做之事）.
（5）I will tell him （你长什么样）so that you can find each other easily.
句型转换
（6）［词汇复现］A number of modern buildings emerged in the place which was wasteland.
→________________________________________________________________
有些what 引导的名词性从句在结构上相当于“名词+ 定语从句”
We now live in what is called the information age. 我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。
=We now live in the age that/which is called the information age
what
What
What I am going to tell you
what I have done
what you look/are like
A number of modern buildings emerged in what was wasteland.
What I want to stress is to raise the public's awareness of protecting the environment.
我想强调的是提高公众的环保意识。(应用文之演讲稿)
4.What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，but instead to ask the question，“What is art？
前半句中的表语show reality省略了to，而后半句与之作对比的平行结构to ask the question则是完整的。这种省略to的用法常见于如下情况：
注意：这里的do指的是实意动词，不是助动词。只要前面出现do的任何形式，包括did/does/done，都遵循这个规则。
(1)两个不定式由连词but、except等连接，如果前面的不定式中有单词do，后面的不定式则省略to。
but、except连接，前有do，后无to
I didn't know what to do but read the letter again and again.
除了反反复复读这封信，我不知道该做什么好。
不定式作表语,，前有do，后无to
不定式作表语时，前面主语中有do时，不定式的to省略。
What I want to do is break this bad habit. 我只想戒掉这个坏习惯。
You have no choice but to tell me the truth.
Her goal was to become a great teacher.
All you have to do is finish the job quickly.
He did nothing but call me.
达标检测
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语。 。
（1）give a _______ (准确的) definition
（2）teach people about __________ (基督教)
（3）paint _______ (逼真的) scenes
（4）________ (原始的)and ______________(二维的) painting works
（5）__________ (尤其；特别)
（6）____________ (使与众不同)
precise
Christianity
realistic
primitive
set apart from
in particular
two-dimensional
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语。 。
（7）adopt a more ___________(人文主义的) attitude to life
（8）make an important ____________(突破)
（9）________(有很大影响力的) painters
（10）gain a _________(名声) as a master of shadow and light
（11）kings, ________(贵族) and people of high ______(地位)
（12）the main _________ (人物) in the painting
（13）buy = ________ (购买；采购)
（14）most _______ (客户)
humanistic
breakthrough
nobles
influential
purchase
characters
reputation
clients
rank
根据语境及汉语提示写出正确的单词或短语。 。
（15）important historical events or stories from __________(神话)
（16）the invention of ____________(摄影术)
（17）appear = _______ (出现)
（18）watch the _______ (日出)
（19 ）______ (表达) the light and movement in the scene
（20）the __________ (主观的) impression the scene gave him
（21）the _____(外围的) image of his subject
（22）__________ (随后的) artists
（23）_________ (喜爱；喜欢) fine art = like fine art
mythology
photography
sunrise
emerge
convey
subjective
outer
subsequent
be fond of
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.My client was describing what had happened (精确地) to him.
2.The sculptor has a good because of his striking sculptures.
3.While he is as the most influential person in the company，he is still very humble.
4.The idea he just now was subjective rather than objective.
5.He was in fond of the pond behind his house in his childhood.
precisely
reputation
ranked
conveyed
particular
6.The new iPad I recently from your website is out of order now.
7.There have been further developments (随后的) to our meeting.
8.Though one should have dreams，it’s not to exist on dreams.
purchased
subsequent
realistic
Ⅱ.词形变化填空
1.I am interested in and I want to be a in the future.(photograph)
2.During his life，he made many inventions，all of
which have our daily life greatly.(influence)
3.His painting was so that some thought it was a photo taken by a digital camera.(realism)
photography
photographer
influential
influenced
realistic
realists
4.I like purchasing red clothes in because red is a
popular color in China.(particular)
particular
particularly
Ⅲ.完成句子
1. ，the boy lost his balance and had a bad fall.
那男孩滑冰时失去了平衡，重重地摔了一跤。
2.He plays .
他不仅弹钢琴而且还拉小提琴。
3.My dream is after my graduation from university.
我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。
While skating on the ice
not just the piano but the violin as well
to become a doctor
4. a world without metals.
很难想象一个没有金属的世界。
5. ，the girl stopped at the gate.(as)
因为害怕这条狗，女孩在门口停下了。
It is hard to think of
As she was frightened of this dog
Unlike the earlier Realists who painted in an ______________(现实的）style. Impressionist painters focused more on their ________（主观的） feelings of things and instant impressions. When Impressionism________（出现） in France in the late 19th century, artists became more interested in everyday subject matter. They were also fascinated by modern objects. As one of the most _______________（有影响力的）impressionist painters, Claude Monet was impressed by the visual effects of the steam engine______________ (尤其是）and he later produced twelve paintings of a train station in Paris.
Fill in the passage with the correct words.
realistic
subjective
emerged
influential
in particular
In 1883, Monet and his a house large family moved to Giverny, where he ________________（购买）a house and some land for his gardens. During his days at Giverny, Monet _____________（喜欢）painting his own gardens, with the water lilies, the pond, and the arched bridge. From this we can see that there were two clear ____________（主题）apparent in his work throughout his career: colors and reflections in water.
Fill in the passage with the correct words.
purchased
was fond of
themes