人教版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 5 The Value of Money单词拓展讲义

必修三 Unit 5
The Value of Money
1.basis /'be s s/ n.基础；根据；基点
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental
register.（2020全国1卷）重读的美妙之处在于，我们与作品的联系是基于我们目前的心理状态。
Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they
typed, with very low error rates．（2019全国1卷）从该设备收集的数据可以用于根据不同参与者的打字方式识别他们，错误率非常低。
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. （2019人教新教材）
起初，书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。
“Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says．(2018全国2卷)“闲聊是礼貌的基础，”他说。
He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）.(2019全国2卷）
他喜欢安静地坐下来查看手机，或者与他直呼其名的酒保聊天，如果他想进行一点互动的话(交流）。
On a daily basis(=Every day) she reminded me that life goes on.（2015浙江）
他每天都提醒我，生活还在继续。
We are going to meet there on a regular basis(=regularly).我们将定期在那里会面。
2. loan /l n/ n.贷款；借款 vt.&vi.借出，借给
take out a loan 取得贷款
3.plastic['plaestik]adj.塑料的；整形的n.塑料；整形
4. apologise / 'p l dga z/ （also apologize）vi . 道歉（等于 apologise)
词根词级：apo-(强调）+log-(说）+-ize(动词后缀）:去说——去道歉
Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize, even when a public apology seems to be in order
(2011江苏）为什么领导人总是拒绝道歉，即使公开道歉似乎是应该的？
“I don't follow football , “ she said with an apologetic smile . (柯林斯）“我不懂足球，”她歉然一笑道。
5.ignore / g'n :(r)/ vt.忽视；对……不予理会
Knowledge makes humble; ignorance makes proud. 知识使人谦虚，无知使人傲慢。
Sometimes ignorance and negative outlooks on situations can create anger.(2018北京）
有时，无知和对形势的消极看法会引起愤怒。
The ignorant man always adores what he cannot understand.无知的人总是崇拜他不懂的东西。
We allow them to be left around because we've been ignorant of their value.(2017浙江10月）
我们允许他们被遗弃，因为我们不知道他们的价值。
6.in return(for)作为（对……的）回报；作为回应
in turn　 轮流，依次； 反过来 // by turns　 轮流；时而……时而……
in exchange for 作为对……的交换
While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything in return(2014浙江）在村子里，詹姆斯无私地与村民分享他拥有的一切，而不要求任何回报。
What can we do for them in return for all the help they have given us
我们能做些什么来报答他们所给予我们的种种帮助呢？
7.judge /d d / vt & vi.评价；评判；判断 n.法官；审判员；裁判员
judge...by/from.根据……来判断…… // judging from/by 由……来判断（只做状语）
judg(e)ment n.判断；审判
“You can’t judge a book by its cover,” as the old saying goes. (2013 全国 I)俗话说: “不能以貌取人。”
Judging by his letter, they are having a wonderful time.从他的信来看，他们玩得很开心。
Good judgement comes from experience and experience comes from bad judgement.
正确的判断来自经验，而经验来自错误的判断。
8.scene[si:n]n.场景，场面，景象；(戏剧的）一幕【C】
come/arrive on the scene登上舞台，面世
scenery n.风景，景色【UC】
Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997．（2018年全国1卷）1997年；数码相机横空出世。
It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year history．（2017全国3卷）
在该剧院75年的历史中，这一幕曾多次重演。
Doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident to carry out the rescue. （2009 上海）医生和护士赶到现场进行抢救。
It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene.(2018浙江6月）
这里是如此宁静，褐色的岩石、深绿色的松树和傍晚的阳光混合在一起，创造出一幅神奇的景象。
9. narrator [na'rerta]n. 叙述者；解说员=story-teller
narrate vt.讲故事；叙述 // narration n.叙述，讲述
narrative n.叙述，讲述；记叙文；故事adj.叙事的，叙述的
10.bet[bet]n.打赌；赌注vt.&vi.打赌；敢断定（bet,bet)
bet on拿…打赌 // make a bet 打个赌
I bet 我敢说 // You bet! 的确；当然
Would you BET on the future of this man (2019天津）你会拿这个人的未来打赌吗？
It is summer of 1903 , and the old and wealthy brothers have made a bet .
这是1903年的夏天，两位年老而富有的兄弟打了个赌。
11. servant /s v nt/ n.仆人；用人
serve [s v] vt. &vi. 服务；服役；提供；上菜
serve the people为人民服务
serve food 提供食品；上菜
serve in the army 服兵役
Difficult circumstances serve as a textbook of life for people.困难坎坷是人们的生活教科书。
I want to bring out the secrets of nature and apply them for the happiness of man. I don't know of any better service to offer for the short time we are in the world.——Thomas Edison
我想揭示大自然的秘密，用来造福人类。我认为，在我们的短暂一生中，最好的贡献莫过于此了。
——爱迪生
I managed to get an A in that course and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the
classroom．(2018全国I完形)我在那门课上获得了A，学到了一些生活经验，这些经验对我的帮助远远超出了这门课。
Money is a good servant but a bad master. 要做金钱的主人，莫作金钱的奴隶。
12. as a matter of fact 实际上，事实上，其实
联想拓展：as a matter of fact/in fact/in actual fact/actually/in reality/to tell the truth 实际上；事实上
13. by accident 偶然地，意外地
by accident=by chance 偶然地；意外地 // on purpose=by design故意地
14.sail[serl]vi.航行；启航n.船帆；航行
set sail (for sp.)开船，动身（去某处）// under sail在航行中
sailing n. 航海//go sailing 航海，航行 // sailor n.水手，海员
Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle. 随遇而安。
Time flows with the current; life sails against the current.时间顺流而下，生活逆水行舟。
Life is a boat for everyone. Ideal is its sail.人生是一只小船；理想是小船的风帆。
Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.-John Ruskin.
生活没有目标，犹如航海没有罗盘。-罗斯金
15.spot /sp t/ n.地点；斑点；污迹 vt.发现；注意到；弄脏
spot sb.doing sth.发现某人正在做某事
on the spot= on the scene当场，在现场
be spotted with 沾上了；被……所点缀
Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63. where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.（2020年全国乙卷） 由于月球的身体阻碍了与探测器的直接无线电通信，中国首先必须在月球上方的轨道上放置一颗卫星，该卫星可以向航天器和地球发送信号。
The police spotted him driving a stolen car. 警察发现他开着一辆偷来的汽车。
The man-on-the-street interview is an interview in which a reporter hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot.(2017浙江）《街头男人》采访是记者带着摄影师上街采访现场人士的采访。
Thee night sky is spotted with twinkling stars.闪烁的星星点缀着夜空。
16. consulate /'k nsj l t; NAmE 'kɑ:nsj l t/ n.领事馆
词根词：con-(一起）+sul-(召集）+-ate(名词后缀）:召集大使协商事务的地方——领事馆
17. dare [dea]vi. & modal v. 胆敢；敢于
daring adj 勇敢的；敢于冒险的
I dare say...我敢说......
Dare and the world always yields. If it beats you sometimes, dare it again and again and it will succumb. 你勇敢，世界就会让步。如果有时它战胜你，你要不断地勇敢再勇敢，它就会屈服。
Dare to dream the impossible dream. Dare to reach the unreachable star.
敢于去梦想不可能的梦，敢于去摸不可触及的星。
I dare say you know about it already.我敢说你已经知道了这件事。
18.sort /s :t/ n.种类（(同：type / kind)，类别 vt.&vi.分类(同：classify)；排序；整理
sort of 稍微；有几分
sort out 挑选出；解决；安顿
sort up分类；整理
This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work (2021 新高考 I)这类工作让你感激你挣来的钱，尊重那些做这项工作的人
What if later in life they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity of some sort.(2020全国I)
如果在以后的生活中，他们来到一扇隐喻的门前，就像某种机会，他们会怎么做？
After supper, we would play card games of all sorts in the sitting room.(2018全国II)
晚饭后，我们会在客厅里玩各种纸牌游戏。
Sort out the reasons why you should believe them and why you should not believe them.
找出为什么你信任他们或者不信任的原因。
She sort of pretends that she doesn’t really care.她摆出一副并不真正在乎的样子。
19.mine[main]n.矿，矿藏；矿山，矿井；地雷，水雷
mining n.矿业；采矿 // miner n. 矿工； 采矿机 // mineral n.矿物质 adj.矿物质的
20.patience/'pe ns/n.耐性，耐心；忍耐，容忍
词根词：pati-(忍受）+-ence(名词后缀）:忍耐；耐心
have patience for对……有耐心
patient adj. 有耐心的，能容忍的 n. 病人； 患者 // impatient adj.焦躁的，不耐烦的
be patient with 对……有耐心
The two most powerful warriors are patience and time.时间与耐心是最强大的两个战士。
Be happy when it's time to be happy and be patient until that time comes.
幸福的时刻，就要开心；等待幸福的时候，就要耐心。
21.to be honest 说实话；坦率地说=honestly speaking
to be frank 坦白说；坦率地说
22.ought to应该，应当
23. be about to do sth 即将/正要（做某事）
be about to do sth.when...某人正要做某事，这时……
Success is actually simple: when you are about to fail to hold, you just need to hang on a bit longer.
成功其实很简单，就是当你坚持不住的时候，再坚持一下。
I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day .
我正要回去睡觉，这时突然我的卧室变得像白天一样明亮。
24. indicate /' nd ke t/vt. 暗示，表明；预示，象征
词根词级：in-(里）+dic-(说）+-ate(动词后缀）:在里面说，不明着说——暗示，表明
indication n.指示，指出；迹象
Silent onstage communication is key , and each pianist has their own style of " nodding " to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.(2021新高考I)舞台上的无声交流是关键，每个钢琴家都有自己的“点 头”风格，暗示他们需要翻页，这需要他们与翻页的人进行练习。
25. beneath /b 'ni:θ/prep.在...之下adv.在下方
beneath 在下方（接触）// under 在正下方（不接触）// below 在斜下方（不接触）
26 . postpone /p 'sp n/ vt . 推迟，延期，延缓
词根词：post-(past后）+-pone(put放）:往后放—推迟，延期
delay vt.推迟；延误 // put off 推迟
To postpone is not to abandon.拖延不等于放弃。
27.odd / d/ adj.奇怪的，怪异的，反常的；奇数的
It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition.(2014浙江）这似乎有些奇怪，但这是一种文化传统
It would be odd if she were awarded the first prize.如果她获得一等奖，那就太奇怪了。
28 . obligation / bl 'ge n/ n. 义务；职责，责任
词根词缀：ob-(强调）+lig-(捆绑）+-ation(名词后缀）:捆绑的职责——责任，义务
oblige vt迫使，强制vi帮忙，施恩
be obliged to do sth.不得不；必须做某事
obligate vt.使……有义务，使......有责任
Co-operation is more than just an attractive option, it is an obligation.(柯林斯）
合作不仅仅是诱人的选择，它也是一种责任。
29. intention/ n'ten n/n.打算，意图；目的
词根词缀：in-(内）+tent-(伸展）+-ion(名词后缀）:从内向外伸展的想法——打算，意图
with the intention of抱有……的目的；打算
intend vt.&vi. 打算；想要；意指
intend to do sth. //intend doing打算做某事
intend for sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事
be intended for sb.专为某人设计；打算；安排
be intended to do sth.目的是；旨在；为了
Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.(2020全国II)
使用表情包可以增加幽默感，保持意图清晰。
What is the author's intention of writing this passage (2014天津）作者写这篇文章的意图是什么？
It is possible to read others around us, even if they don't intend for us to catch their unspoken language . 阅读我们周围的其他人是可能的，即使他们不想让我们理解他们的潜台词。
30. nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不
Nowhere in the world other than Britain can you experience four seasons in a single day .
除了英国，世界上没有任何地方能在一天内体验四季。
31. in case(of/that)万一；以防万一
in this/that case 在这种/那种情况下
in no case 绝不，任何情况都不
This time , we stayed together , in case anything else unusual happened .
这一次，我们呆在一起，以防发生其他不寻常的事情。
He put his coat over his son in case he should catch cold .他把大衣盖在儿子身上以免他着凉。
In no case should we lose he art .在任何情况下我们都决不能灰心。
32.extent / k'stent/n.幅度；范围；程度
to an extent 从某种程度上来说
They now need to take into account the extent of firms' data assets(资产)when assessing the impact of deals.(2017江苏）在评估交易的影响时，他们现在需要考虑公司数据资产的范围。
Life will get better when it goes bad to a certain extent, Because it can't get worse than this.
生活坏到一定程度就会好起来，因为它无法更坏。
Perhaps the last remark was true, to an extent. 也许最后一句话在一定程度上是真的。
33. musical /'mju:z kl/ n.音乐剧 adj.音乐的
music n.音乐 // musician 音乐家
musical instruments乐器
34.dinosaur['dain s :]n.恐龙
词根词缀：dino-(恐怖的）+-saur(晰蝎）:恐怖的大晰蝎——恐龙
35. hug /h g/ n. vt.&vi.拥抱，抱紧
give sb. a bear hug
He bent down to hug his old friend goodbye.(2020浙江1月）
他弯下腰去拥抱他的老朋友说再见。
36. pursue/p 'sju:/vt.追求；致力于
词根词缀：pur-(彻底）+sue-(跟随）:彻底跟随——追求
pursuit n.追赶，追求
in pursuit of 为了追求……
Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree.(2020山东）JeniferMauer需要比普通大学生更多的意志力来追求获得护理学位的目标。
All success comes from tireless effort and pursuit, and all happiness comes from daily struggle and perseverance.所有的成功都来自不倦的努力和奔跑；所有幸福都来自平凡的奋斗和坚持。
In fact, Jack moved clear across the country in pursuit of the dreams.(2008 江苏）
事实上，杰克为了追求这些梦想，在全国各地四处奔走。
37.duty['dju:ti]n.责任；义务；职责；值班
on duty值班；值勤；值日
perform one’s duty/promise 尽责任/履行承诺
Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle ! (2016 全国 I)
拉里超越了责任的呼唤，离着火的汽车如此之近！
38. hesitate /'hez te t/ vi.犹豫，跨路
hesitate to do sth.做某事犹豫不决
hesitate about(doing)sth.对某事犹豫不决
hesitation n.犹豫不决 // without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
When they come to other doors in life, they won't hesitate to open them and walk through.
(2020 全国 I)当他们来到生活中的另一扇门时，他们会毫不犹豫地打开并穿过它。
If there is anything that I can help you,please don't hesitate to tell me.(2017全国I)
如果有什么需要我帮忙的，请尽管告诉我
39. sequence /'si:kw ns/ n.顺序，序列；系列
词根词：sequ-(跟随）+-ence(名词后缀）:一个跟随着一个——顺序，序列
in sequence依次，按顺序
consequence n.结果，后果；重要性
as a consequence=in consequence=as a result 结果；因此
as a consequence of sth.=in consequence of=as a result of sth.因为……；由于……
in consequence(of)(由于……的）结果；因此
The book is more satisfying if you read each chapter in sequence.这本书依次读各章会更好（简明英汉）
He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery.
他描述了抢劫案发生前的一系列有关情况。
This led to an unexpected consequence, though she had a wonderful time there.(2019江苏）
这导致了一个意想不到的结果，尽管她在那里玩得很开心。
He studied hard , and in consequence he passed the exam . 他努力学习，结果通过了考试。
In consequence of his ill health, he lost the opportunity.由于身体欠佳，他失去了这次机会。
40 . eventually / 'vent li/ adv. 最后，终于
词根词缀：e-(出）+vent-(走，来）+-ual(形容词后缀）+-ly(副词后缀）:最后出来地——最终，最后
in the end = at last = finally= eventually
eventual a.最终的，最后的
One afternoon, while attempting to get into bed she collapsed(倒下)from what was eventually discovered to be a heart attack.(2021全国乙卷）一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她倒下了，最终被发现是心脏病发作。
41.tailor /'te l (r)/vt.剪裁；订制n.裁缝
I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop .
我正在街上闲逛，(这时）忽然看见了一家服装店。
Special programmes of study are tailored to the needs of specific groups.
特殊的课程被订制以满足特定群体的需要。
42.clerk/klɑ:k; NAmE kl k/n.职员，办事员；书记员；店员
43.manner[ m n (r)]n.方式；举止；礼仪【pl】
in a... manner 以一种…的方式；带着一副…的样子
table manners 餐桌礼仪
It's good/bad manners to do sth.做某事是有/无礼貌的
Manners make the man.观其行知其人。
A man, like a watch, is to be valued by his manner of going.
一个人如同一只钟表，是以他的行动来确定其价值的。
I plan to make it in an admirable manner.(2020天津）我计划以一种令人钦佩的方式做到它。
44. downstairs/ da n'ste /adv.在楼下，向楼下adj.楼下的n.楼下
upstairs[Ap'steaz]adv.在楼上，向楼上adj.楼上的n.楼上
stair n.楼梯，阶梯
I ran downstairs, and spotted a red steel can.(2010 浙江）我跑下楼，发现了一个红色的钢罐。
45.aside/ 'sa d/adv.到旁边；在一边
put aside 储存，保留；暂不考虑
set aside留出；拨出；将……放在一边；
aside from除……之外
stand aside 袖手旁观
46. frown /fra n/ vi. &n.皱眉
frown upon 不赞成，不同意
I frown upon smoking in public restaurants.我不赞成在公共餐厅中抽烟。
47.option/' p n/n.选项；选择权（choice; alternative）
opt-(选择）+-ion(名词后缀）:供选择的事物——选项
optional adj. 可选的，任选的
have no option but to do除了做某事别无选择
Even if you are in the gutter, you have the option of looking at the stars.
即使你在臭水沟里，你也可以选择仰望星空。
If you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you're missing some of its biggest benefits.(2020江苏）如果你认为幽默是一种可选的娱乐形式，那么你就失去了它的一些最大好处。
48.broad/br :d/adj.宽阔的，辽阔的（反义词：narrow）；广泛的；大概的
in a broad sense 广义上讲=broadly speaking
in broad daylight 在光天化日之下
broaden vt.拓宽
broadcast n. 广播；播放 vi. & vt. （broadcast; broadcast）广播；播放
abroad adv./ adj. 国外的 n.国外
go abroad 出国 // at home and abroad 国内外
In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking-the ability to see clearly the relationships among ideas.(2011北京）
从广义上讲，批判性思维是集中的、有组织的思维，是指能够清楚地看到各种思想之间关系的能力。
Spending a year working in the city helped to broaden his horizons.在城市工作的一年开阔了他的眼界。
49.indeed[in'di:d]adv.的确，确实；实际上；当然
But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.(2020全国I)
但我认为，虽然金钱确实是美妙和必要的，但重读作者的作品是读者能支付给他们的最高货币。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.(英谚）患难见真交。
50. normal ['n:m(a)l]adj.正常的；常规的，标准的n.正常；标准；常态
词根词缀：norm-(模式）+-al(形容词后缀）:标准模式的——正常的，常规的
abnormal adj.反常的，不正常的
above / below normal
go back / return to normal 回归正常
51. willing ['wiln]adj.乐意的；愿意的
be willing to do sth.愿意做某事
willingly adv.乐意地，愿意地
will n.意志；遗嘱
willingness n.乐意；心甘情愿
Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.(英谚）世上无难事，只怕有心人。
If you want something you have never had, you must be willing to do something you have never done. 如果你想得到从未拥有过的东西，你就要愿意去做从未做过的事。
Where there is a will, there is a way.(英谚）有志者事竟成。
He gave up his job against his mother's will. 他违背母亲的意志辞调了工作。
Naomi, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, got to know about this and showed willingness to help．娜奥米是梅丽莎最好的朋友，也是一位才华横溢的钢琴家，她知道了这一点，并表示愿意提供帮助。
52. element /'el m nt/n. 元素；要素；成分
elementary [elr'mentri]adj.初级的；基本的；基础的
elementary school 小学
Cost was a key element in our decision.(牛津）价钱是我们决策时考虑的主要因素。
Fitness has now become an important element in our lives.(柯林斯）现在健康已经成为我们生活中的一个要素。
53.plot /pl t/n.情节；阴谋；布局
If the plot, characters, or word usage is confusing for you, you likely won't be able to remember what you read.(2017浙江10月）如果情节、字符或单词用法让你感到困惑，你可能无法记住你读到的内容。
54.ambassador / m'b s d (r)/n.大使，使节；代表
55.upper-class adj.上流社会的；上等阶层的
upper adj.上面的，上部的；较高的
the upper class上流社会；上等阶层
upper limbs 上肢
All students have access to the Writing Centre on the upper floor of Douglas Hall.(2014天津）
所有学生都可以进入道格拉斯大厅楼上的写作中心。
Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earth's surface. It is either reflected or absorbed by the gases in the upper atmosphere.(2008江苏）
来自太阳的大部分能量从未到达地球表面。它被上层大气中的气体反射或吸收。
He comes from an upper-class background. 他出身于上层阶级。
56. maintain [mein'tein]vt. 维持；维修；供养
词根词级：main-(保持）+tain-(hold 握住）:维持；维修；供养
Some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels.(2018天津）一些分析人士估计，食品产量需要提高50%才能维持目前的水平。
How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance (2019天津）
预警系统如何帮助我们维持生态平衡？
57.permit [pa'mit]vt.许可；允许n.许可证，执照
词根词：per-(完全，彻底）+mit-(送）:毫无保留地送出许可——许可，允许
permit doing sth.允许做某事
permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
permission n.允许，许可
We don't permit smoking in the office.我们不允许在办公室吸烟。
The party will be held in the garden, weather permitting.(2012全国II)
如果天气允许，晚会将在花园里举行。
It's strange that he should have taken the books without the owner's permission.(2018江苏）
奇怪的是，他竟然未经主人许可就拿走了这些书。
With her dad's permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly.(2019北京）
在她父亲的允许下，她花了两年时间在网上研究并进行试验，以得到一种既美味又对牙齿友好的食谱。
58.saying /'se /n.格语；格言；警句
motto n. 座右铭；格言；警句
As the saying goes,... 如谚所云……
59. external[ik'st3:n(a)l]adj.外部的；外面的；外来的
词根词缀：ex-(外）+-tern(turn转向）+-al:向外的——外部的：外面的：外来的
internal [in't3:n(a)l]adj.内部的，内在的，里面的
Unfortunately, these programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor to an external factor.(2015江苏）不幸的是，这些项目会将人们的参与意愿从内部因素转变为外部因素。