【精品解析】上海市华二附中2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题

上海市华二附中2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题
一、Grammar，Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
（2023高二上·上海市月考）语法填空
You know what they say, marriage is like a box of chocolates and you never know what you are gonna get. My wife and I had a "ferocious" argument the other night 　1． 　 we were watching one episode of the latest season of a reality show called. See You Again. Basically, the show was about three couples 　2． 　 (embark) on an 18-day vacation to try to work out their marital issues in the hope of saving their marriages. For them, it was really a make-it-or-break-it vacation.
　3． 　 we both agreed on most men's incompetence in expressing their true feelings in any intimate relationship, my still beloved wife and I failed miserably to see eye to eye on reasons for that. She blamed it on men's upbringing while I thought it had more to do with the influence of outdated social norms and stereotypes on men.
Our society 　4． 　 (discourage) emotional expression in men for ages, telling them they can't shed a tear or show any vulnerability. These outdated ideas about what it means to be a man have messed them up big time. To me, it is no wonder that in the marriage market, the most common type available 　5． 　 women is the silent but dominant type of men with the whole breadwinner and homemaker roles still 　6． 　 (stick) in their heads. So when things don't go that way, of course, they will feel lost.
"Intimidated" by my rigorous logic, my wife purposefully shifted the focus of her argument to 　7． 　 we two should raise our son and what I could have done better if I had taken her advice seriously.
However, things started to get much 　8． 　 (personal) when both of us seemed to run out of witty arguments. Realizing this disagreement would lead us nowhere, I wasted no time apologizing to her for my ill-considered words with dignity and offered to clean the plates piling up in the sink (　9． 　 I cooked dinner that night!) Faced with an offer she couldn't refuse, my wife kindly reminded me 　10． 　 (not forget) to dry the towel when I was done. Apology accepted, hence case closed.
At the end of the day, I exhibited my vulnerability as requested and she showed her mercy as expected. We just agreed to disagree and lived happily ever after.
（2023高二上·上海市月考）语法填空
Back then, I was a very nervous new father. I didn't know 　11． 　 to feed my son, how hard to pat his back to burp him, or whether it was okay to let him sleep as long as be wants. I bought myself lots of books about parenting, only 　12． 　 (find) that there were so many new things to learn that I inevitably begun to feel overwhelmed.
My friend May, a soon-to-be mother herself, 　13． 　 (sense) my anxiety and, to calm me down, texted me one night saying, "No book can be a substitute for your own sensitive contemplation and careful observation. Books can be 　14． 　 small additional value, but no more. Just listen to your son and he'll teach you how to be a father."
That struck me a lot because I grew up in a time when most of the parents, including my own, believed that children 　15． 　 be seen and not heard. Naturally, I thought he was nothing and only grownups were worth something. The idea 　16． 　 children do not know anything but will do so, and are not capable of doing anything but will learn, made me live in a permanent state of expectation. For the sake of tomorrow, I failed to respect 　17． 　 might amuse, sadden, amaze, anger, and interest him today. For the sake of tomorrow, I stole years of his life.
Things changed for me when I got down on my knees, waiting for my son to open up. Once I came down to his level, I found I didn't even 　18． 　 ask questions. I just listened. He granted me permission to gaze into his pockets to see all his cherished collections: bird's feathers, colored stones and oddly-shaped leaves. He also discussed with me about his grand plan to travel to the South Pole with the girl in his class 　19． 　 happened to want to marry him. We both knew our relationship was built on mutual respect and trust.
Now, seven years later after my son's birth, I still marvel at May's simple wisdom. Being there listening to my son has not only rescued 　20． 　 from "those best parenting books one cannot afford to miss" but also from over-evaluating and over-obsessing about him. Simply put, my son has taught me to be a father. I have affection for what he is today and respect for what he can become in the future. All I need to do is to listen.
二、Vocabulary，Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need in each passage.
（2023高二上·上海市月考）选词填空
A. advantageous B. programming C. fashion D. fueled AB. advanced AC. sacrifice AD. capped BC. habitually BD. appetite CD. likelihood ABC. unnecessarily
Eating a calorie-rich diet brought us humans a great advantage: time. We spent less of the day obtaining food. We saved countless hours of needless chewing. Instead, we invested time in doing the things that make us human: we started to 　21． 　 tools, erect structures, share stories, create myths and play games.
Calories made humanity possible. Calories are what 　22． 　 our big brains. Our calorie-rich diet didn't reinforce the compulsion to eat, it released us from a food-gripped existence. Just because we require calories does not mean our basic 　23． 　 compels us to over-consume them, for the same reason that requiring oxygen does not compel us to perpetually hyperventilate. Yes, it may be 　24． 　 to carry extra calories in time of famine, but this assumes an overly simplistic view of our evolutionary past.
Out there in nature, carrying extra body weight brings serious, even deadly, disadvantages. To the evolving primate, greater body mess means slower acceleration and a(n) 　25． 　 in the ability to change speed and direction quickly. Back when we were prey - when our ancestors were 　26． 　 eaten by big cats, pythons and even eagles - our ability to nimbly start, stop and turn was crucial for survival. To a predator, a fat human was not only easier to spot and easier to catch, it made for a bigger, better meal. To the prey we hunted, a fat human was easier to evade and outrun. Carrying too much fat also increases the 　27． 　 of injury and death due to the forces and loads involved in maintaining a larger body. To put it in the simple arithmetic of evolutionary fitness, being 　28． 　 fat didn't increases an individual's chances of passing on their genes. It actually reduced them.
As we became more 　29． 　 there were even more reasons to refrain from overindulgence. Food had to be shared with other members of the tribe, then the village, then the town, especially with children, whose dependence on adults for resources lasts an eternity compared with other species. Otherwise, the human species would have died off long ago, if we really were slaves to a never-ceasing 　30． 　 for calories.
All of these have left us with the following paradox: Why were humans generally able to resist vastly over-consuming calories up until about fifty years ago
Quoted from Mark Schatzker's The End of Craving
（2023高二上·上海市月考）选词填空
A. nesting B. signals C. accessible D. overnight AB. decisively AC. illiterates AD. literally BC. unaware BD. motivated CD. accused ABC. terrifying
The good news is that today's teenagers are greedy readers and productive writers. The bad news is that what they are reading and writing are text messages.
It's an unmissable trend. Even if you don't have teenage kids, you'll still see other people's offspring wandering around, their eyes averted, tapping away, totally 　31． 　 of their surroundings. Take a group of teenagers to see the eight wonders of the world. Chances are that they'll 　32． 　 be texting all the way, even if it means missing all those awe-inspiring moments. Show a teenager Jan Vermeer's The Girl with a Pearl Earring. You might get a quick glance before a buzz 　33． 　 the arrival of the latest SMS.
Now before I am 　34． 　 of throwing stones in a glass house, let me confess. I probably send about 50 texts a day, and I receive what seem like 200. But there is difference, I also read books. It's a quaint old habit I picked up as a kid, in the days before cellphones began 　35． 　 in the palms of the young.
According to a survey carried about in 2019, half of today's teenagers don't read books except when they're made to. What is more 　36． 　 to me as a high school teacher is the fact that almost two-thirds of high school freshmen read for pleasure for less than an hour per week. Nearly half of seniors don't read for pleasure at all.
Why does this matter Because, to some extent, this texting craze can and will produce a large number of cultural 　37． 　 who are cut off from the civilization of their ancestors if we don't take some necessary measures.
So how can we encourage our teenagers to read books Whether in the classroom or at home, one of the best ways to promote reading is by reading together. Another way to encourage reading is to help teenagers set a goal to read a certain number of books or read books from a certain genre. This will help them stay focused and 　38． 　 to read. For instance, if your child loves playing football, read the storybook related to football. Or if your child loves going on walks, take along some picture books to read along the way. By making reading more 　39． 　 and fun, we can foster a love of reading in them.
But don't expect children to fall in love with reading 　40． 　. When it comes to reading, trust the process.
三、Cloze，Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
（2023高二上·上海市月考）完形填空
Facing AI extinction
In a recent White House press conference, press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre couldn't suppress her laughter at the question: Is it "crazy" to worry that "literally everyone on Earth will die" due to artificial intelligence 41． , the answer is no.
While AI pioneer such as Alan Turing cautioned that we should expect "machines to take control", many contemporary researchers 42． this concern. In an area of unprecedented growth in AI abilities, why aren't more expects weighing in
Before the deep-learning revolution in 2012, I didn't think human-level AI would emerge in my lifetime. I was familiar with arguments that AI systems would insatiably seek power and resist shutdown -- and obvious 43． to humanity if it were to occur. But I also figured researchers must have good reasons not to be worried about human 44． risk (x-risk) from AI.
Yet after 10 years in the field, I believe the main reasons are actually cultural and historical. By 2012, after several hype cycles that didn't pan out, most AI researchers had stopped asking 'what if we succeed at replicating human intelligence", 45． their ambitions to specific tasks like autonomous driving.
When concerns resurfaced outside their community, researchers were to quick to dismiss outsiders as 46． and their worries as science fiction. But in my experience, AI researchers are themselves often ignorant of arguments for AI x-risk.
One basic argument is by analogy: humans' 47． abilities allowed us to out-compete other species for resources, leading to many extinctions. AI systems could likewise deprive us of the resources we need for our survival. Less 48． , AI could displace humans economically and, through its powers of manipulation, politically.
But wouldn't it be humans wielding AIs as tools who end up in control Not necessarily. Many people might choose to deploy a system with a 99 per cent chance of making them phenomenally rich and powerful, even if it had a 1 per cent chance of 49． their control and killing everyone.
Because no safe experiment can definitively tell us whether an AI system will actually kill everyone, such concerns are often dismissed as unscientific. But this isn't an excuse for ignoring the risk. It just means society needs to reason about it in the same way as other complex social issues. Researchers also emphasize the difficulty of predicting when AI might 50． human intelligence, but this is an argument for caution, not complacency.
Attitudes are changing, but not quickly enough. AI x-risk is admittedly more 51． than important social issues with present-day AI, like bias and misinformation, but the basic solution is the same: regulation. A robust public discussion is long overdue. By refusing to engage, some AI researchers are neglecting 52． responsibilities and betraying public trust.
Big tech sponsors AI ethics research when it doesn't hurt the bottom line. But it is also lobbying to exclude general-purpose AI from E. U. regulation. Concerned researchers recently called for a(n) 53． in developing bigger AI models to allow society to catch up. Critics say this isn't politically realistic, but problems like AI x-risk won't 54． just because they are politically inconvenient.
This brings us to the ugliest reason researchers may dismiss AI x-risk: funding. Essentially every researcher (myself included) has received funding from big tech. At some point, society may stop believing reassurances from people with such strong conflicts of 55． and conclude, as I have, that their dismissal betrays wishful thinking rather than good counterarguments.
41．A． Comfortingly B． Unfortunately
C． Accidentally D． Luckily
42．A． express B． feel C． downplay D． highlight
43．A． threat B． boost
C． disgrace D． contribution
44．A． extinction B． health C． resource D． exposure
45．A． abandoning B． cherishing C． frustrating D． narrowing
46．A． arrogant B． irresponsible
C． ignorant D． biased
47．A． cognitive B． physical C． linguistic D． emotional
48．A． deliberately B． abstractly
C． frequently D． fundamentally
49．A． tightening B． exercising C． maintaining D． escaping
50．A． assist B． surpass C． collect D． evaluate
51．A． obvious B． urgent C． questionable D． private
52．A． legal B． financial C． professional D． ethical
53．A． investment B． pause
C． research D． initiative
54．A． take place B． grow up C． sink in D． go away
55．A． interest B． religion C． taste D． law
（2023高二上·上海市月考）完形填空
One of the first things that happens when you publicly declare yourself a feminist is that you start getting asked a lot of questions. If you're anything like me, these probes into your 56． beliefs will leave you a mumbling mess. I have read enough books and academic essays on feminism to 57． a fairly substantial library, and yet as soon as I'm asked to sum it up I started sweating and string together a few 58． sentences before loudly shouting 'because Beyonce' and running to get another drink.
To save you from this 59． fate I have put together a collection of the feminist comebacks I wish I'd thought of in the moment. Rip out this page, keep it in your pocket and whip it out next time you're stuck with a drunk man at a party. Because it will come into 60． .
WHAT EVEN IS 'FEMINISM '
Great question! It's actually something I'm really passionate about. Feminism is a centuries-old social movement fighting for the 61． of the sexes. Inter-sectional feminists believe that all people are 62． to the same rights, and they fight to end all discrimination based on gender, sexual orientation, skin colour, ethnicity, religion or lifestyle.
THIS FEMINISM IS POLITICAL 63． GOND MAD! CAN'T YOU TAKE A JOKE
Great question! Thanks for checking! You're mistaken. I love jokes. I've got one for you ...
Knock, knock!
Who's there
Annie.
Annie who
Annie thing you can do I can do for 18.4% less pay!
Ha, ha, ha. But, jokes aside, political correctness gets a bad rap（恶评）, but all it really 64． is minority groups asking that they not feel marginalized and hurt by everyday conversation or the media. I love comedy - in fact it is one of my favourite things. But I'm afraid that jokes that offend women, people of colour, disabled people, trans people or others in the LGBTQ community just aren't 65． to me at all. Let's chat when you come up with some better material, preferably something that doesn't offend my friends!
I'M A MAN AND SOMETIMES I FEEL LIKE ALL THIS FEMINISM IS MAN-HATING. CAN MEN BE FEMINISTS
Great questions! I'm sorry that a(n) 66． of the feminist movement in the mainstream media has led you to feel this way. Of course men can be feminists.
The sad fact is that we've all been socialized from birth to accept sexism as a part of life and, as a result, women can actually be just as 67． as men. Institutionalized sexism hurts men as well as women. It tells men that they aren't allowed to show 68． , that they have to be successful and powerful in order to succeed, and that they aren't allowed to like the colour pink!
Feminism is the fight to 69． all these things and also to ensure that women are given fundamental human rights like education and reproductive freedom. Feminists truly believe that if we lived in a world without gender-based oppression, we'd all be so much happier. So even if you're only joining for purely 70． reasons, we'd love to have you as a part of the gang!
Quoted from Scarlett Curtis' Feminists Don't Wear Pink and Other Lies
56．A． irrational B． cultural C． spiritual D． political
57．A． fill B． manage C． access D． construct
58．A． complicated B． reassuring
C． unintelligible D． consistent
59．A． unknown B． embarrassing C． ultimate D． cruel
60．A． handy B． shape C． view D． force
61．A． equality B． battle
C． development D． definition
62．A． attached B． entitled C． restricted D． used
63．A． LIBERTY B． PERFORMANCE
C． CORRECTNESS D． SENSITIVITY
64．A． boils down to B． steers away from
C． takes advantage of D． puts up with
65．A． offensive B． silly C． flat D． funny
66．A． update B． misconception
C． interpretation D． milestone
67．A． tough B． realistic C． logical D． sexist
68．A． emotions B． ambitions
C． courage D． aggressiveness
69．A． promote B． embrace C． overcome D． cultivate
70．A． noble B． understandable
C． obvious D． selfish
四、Reading Comprehension，Section A，Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（2023高二上·上海市月考）阅读理解
Harry woke at five o'clock the next morning and was too excited and nervous to go back to sleep. He got up and pulled on his jeans because he didn't want to walk into the station in his wizard's robes - he'd change on the train. He checked his Hogwarts list again to make sure he had everything he needed, saw that Hedwig was safely shut in her cage and paced the room, waiting for the Dursleys to get up. Two hours later, Harry's huge, heavy truck had been loaded into the Dursley's car, Aunt Petunia had talked Dudley into sitting next to Harry and they had set off.
They reached Kind's Cross at half past ten. Uncle Vernon dumped Harry's trunk on to a trolley and wheeling it into the station for him. Harry thought this was strangely kind until Uncle Vernon stopped dead, facing the platforms with a nasty grin on his face.
'Well, there you are, boy. Platform nine -- platform ten. Your platform should be somewhere in the middle, but they don't seem to have built it yet, do they '
He was quite right, of course. There was a big plastic number nine over one platform and a big plastic number ten over the one next to it, and in the middle, nothing at all.
'Have a good term,' said Uncle Vernon with an even nastier smile. He left without another word. Harry turned and saw the Dursleys drive away. All three of them were laughing. Harry's mouth went rather dry. What on earth was he going to do He was starting to attract a lot of funny looks, because of Hedwig. He'd have to ask someone.
He stopped a passing guard, but didn't dare mention platform nine and three-quarters. The guard had never heard of Hogwarts and when Harry couldn't even tell him what part of the country it was in, he started to get annoyed, as though Harry was being stupid on purpose. Getting desperate, Harry asked for the train that left at eleven o'clock, but the guard said there wasn't one. In the end the guard strode away, muttering about time-wasters. Harry was now trying hard not to panic. According to the large clock over the arrival boards, he had ten minutes left to get on the train to Hogwarts and he had no idea how to do it; he was stranded in the middle of a station with a trunk he could hardly lift, a pocket full of wizard money and a large owl.
Hagrid must have forgotten to tell him something you had to do, liking tapping the third brick on the left to get into Diagon Alley. He wondered if he should get out his wand and start tapping the ticket box between platforms nine and ten.
Quoted from JK. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
71．Harry woke up so early in the morning probably because he ____.
A．wanted to try on his new jeans
B．needed to put Hedwig back in her cage
C．was asked to get prepared beforehand
D．looked forward to his new life of Hogwarts
72．The word "panic" in the last but one paragraph might mean "____".
A．rage B．fear C．regret D．complain
73．What can be inferred from the passage
A．Uncle Vernon had always treated Harry kindly and cared very much for him.
B．Harry arrived at the train station an hour before the scheduled departure time.
C．The Dursleys were happy to get rid of Harry and see him stuck in embarrassment.
D．Harry completely forgot how to find the way to Platform nine and three-quarters.
（2023高二上·上海市月考）阅读理解
Have you ever heard someone describe themselves an an INTJ or an ESTP and wondered what those cryptic-sounding letters could mean What these people are referring to is their personality type based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).
The Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator is a self-report inventory designed to identify a person's personality type, strengths, and preferences. The questionnaire was developed by Isabel Myers and her mother Katherine Briggs based on their work with Carl Jung's theory of personality types. Today, the MBTI inventory is one of the most widely used psychological instruments in the world.
Based on the answers to the questions, people are identified as having one of 16 personality types. No one personality type is "best" or "better" than another. It isn't a tool designed to look for dysfunction or abnormality. Instead, its goal is to allow people to further explore and understand their own personalities including their strengths, weaknesses, possible career preferences, and compatibility with other people. The questionnaire itself is made up of four different scales.
⒈Are you outwardly or inwardly focused Extraversion / Introversion
Extroverts are energized by people, enjoy a variety of masks, a quick pace, and good at multitasking while introverts often like working alone or in small groups, prefer a more deliberate pace, and like to focus on one task at a time.
⒉ How do you prefer to take in information Sensing / Intuition
Sensors are realistic people who like to focus on the facts and details, and apply common sense and past experience to figure out practical solutions to problems while intuitives prefer to focus on possibilities and the big picture, easily see patterns and dseek creative solutions to problem.
⒊How do you prefer to make decision Thinking / Feeling
Thinkers tend to make decisions using logical analysis, objectively weigh pros and cons, and value honesty, consistency, and fairness while feelers tend to be sensitive and cooperative, and decide based on their own personal values and how others will be affected by their actions.
⒋How do you prefer to live your outer life Judging / Perceiving
Judgers tend to be organized prepared, like to make and stick to plans, and are comfortable following most rules while perceivers prefer to keep their options open, like to be able to act spontaneously, and like to be flexible with making plans.
74．The purpose of MBTI is to help people ____ .
A．better understand their unique features
B．find a topic to socialize with others
C．easily put themselves in a fixed category
D．self-diagnose mental health issues
75．According to the passage, we can infer that ____.
A．Carl Jung is the co-founder of MBTI test
B．MBTI can be used in career planning
C．Some personality types are better than others
D．introverts may feel boosted at a party
76．Suppose Eric is an ISFP, his ideal occupation might be a(n) ____.
A．entrepreneur B．accountant C．programmer D．writer
77．This passage might be taken from a ____.
A．psychology textbook B．popular magazine
C．news release D．business report
（2023高二上·上海市月考）阅读理解
We all know the importance of education. Everyone aspires to have a good one, but its quality and availability is not the same for all. This situation changes as social, economic and political conditions change and technological development provides new benefits and threats.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which promotes policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world, has been looking at the future of global education. Its head of education, Andreas Schleicher, has been talking about some major international trends affecting education systems around the world.
One threat is the widening wealth gap, with more intense pockets of extreme privilege and deprivation. In OECD countries, the richest 10% have incomes 10 times greater than the poorest 10%. This inequality is a challenge for schools aimed to offer everyone equal access to education.
Another trend is the rising affluence in Asia. It's suggested that a large rise in the middle-classes in China and India will increase demand for university places. Andreas Schleicher asks the question "What values will these newly wealthy consumers want from their schools "
Increasing migration will also have an impact on education systems. Mobility results in more culturally diverse students eager to learn and develop a good life for themselves. But that can be a challenge, too, as Andreas Schleicher asks: "How should schools support pupils arriving from around the world Will schools have a bigger role in teaching about shared values "
Funding pressure is another issue: as our demand and expectation for education rises and more people go to university, who's going to pay for it all The rise in dependency on technology is another concern. What should students learn when many of their talents can be replicated by machines And how reliant should we be on learning from the internet
These are just some of the issues the OECD is highlighting. But they remain irrelevant for hundreds of millions of the world's poorest children who don't even have access to school places or receive such low-quality education that they leave without the most basic literacy or numeracy.
78．The OECD aims to ____.
A．offer access to education for poor children in developing states
B．strike the imbalance between education equality and economic development
C．promote the economic and social welfare of people worldwide
D．eliminate the threat of the widening gap between rich and poor
79．Which statement is INCORRECT in accordance with the passage
A．The richest 10% earn much more than the poorest 10%
B．The technological development contributes to the trends in education.
C．There is growing demand for better education in China and India.
D．With efforts of OECD, more benefits are given to the privileged.
80．____ will increase the rise in culturally diverse students in a school classroom.
A．Adequate funding B．Growing migration
C．Social changes D．Political support
81．The passage is entitled ____.
A．OECD's Threats to Education Systems
B．Challenges to Promote Global Education
C．Megatrends in Global Education
D．The Rising Demand for Elite Education
五、Reading Comprehension，Section C，Directions: In the article, 4 sentences have been removed. Choose the most suitable ones from the list A-AC to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are TWO which do not fit in any of the gaps.
（2023高二上·上海市月考）阅读还原
A. But to live a life with the fate of death haunting one's dreams makes a huge difference. B. He is a creator with a mind that soars out the speculate about atoms and infinity. C. Man's body was a curse of fate and culture was built upon repression not because he was a seeker of pleasure, but because he was primarily an avoider of death. D. Yet at the same time, man is a worm and food for worms. AB. Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. AC. It was something that had to go right to his core, something that made him suffer his peculiar fate, that made it impossible to escape.
Man's Existential Dilemma
We always knew that there was something peculiar about man, something deep down that characterized him and set him apart from the other animals. 　82． 　 For ages, when philosophers talked about the the core of man they referred to it as his "essence," something fixed in his nature, deep down, some special quality or substance. But nothing like it was ever found and man's peculiarity still remained a dilemma. The reason it was never found, as Erich Fromm（艾瑞克·弗洛姆，精神分析心理学家和人本主义哲学家）put it in an excellent discussion, was that there was no essence, that the essence of man is really his paradoxical（悖论的）nature, the fact that he is half animal and half symbolic.
We might call this existential paradox the condition of individuality within finitude（有限性）. Man has a symbolic identity that brings him sharply out of nature. He is a symbolic self, a creature with a name, a life history. 　83． 　 He can place himself imaginatively at a point in space and contemplate bemusedly his own planet. This immerse expansion, this competence, this self-consciousness gives to man almost the status a small god in nature.
　84． 　 This is the paradox: he is out of nature and hopelessly in it: he is dual, up in the stars' and yet housed in a heart-pumping, breath-gasping body that once belonged to a fish and still carries the gill-marks to prove it. His body is a material fleshy casing that is alien to him in many ways -- the strangest and most unpleasant way being that is aches and bleeds and will decay and die. Man is literally split in two: he has an awareness of his own splendid uniqueness in that he sticks out of nature with a towering majesty, and yet he goes back into the ground a few feet in order blindly and dumbly to rot and disappear forever.
The lower animals are, of course, spared this painful contradiction, as they lack a symbolic identity and the self-consciousness that goes with it. They merely act and move reflexively as they are driven by their instincts. They live in a world without time, pulsating, as it were, in a state of dumb beings. This is what has made it so simple to shoot down whole herds of buffalo or elephants. The animals don't know that death is happening and continue gazing while others drop alongside them. The knowledge of death is reflective and conceptual, and animals are spared it. They live and they disappear with the same thoughtlessness: a few minutes of fear, a few seconds of anguish, and it is over. 　85． 　
Quoted from Ernest Becker's The Denial of Death
六、Translation ，Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
86．（2023高二上·上海市月考） 在一个快乐往往与消费紧密结合的世界里，人们很难不对物件产生过度的依恋。(integrate; attachment)
87．（2023高二上·上海市月考） 尽管成千上万双眼睛盯着她，她仍然不看笔记就发表了一篇关于保护濒危物种免遭灭绝的精彩演讲。(fix; refer)
88．（2023高二上·上海市月考） 直到大学毕业，找到第一份工作，我才发现自己对上海周一早高峰时段的高架路过敏。(Not until)
89．（2023高二上·上海市月考） 为了写出有价值的影评，一个合格的影评人除了要对电影有不朽的热情外，还应该对表演有大致的了解。(knowledge)
答案解析部分
【答案】1．when/while；2．embarking；3．Though/Although；4．has discouraged；5．to；6．stuck；7．how；8．more personal；9．even if；10．not to forget
【知识点】日常生活类；人生百味类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们夫妻二人由真人秀节目引发的辩论导致最后幸福和谐相处。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态，短语，形容词的比较级，定语从句副词，非谓语动词，等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
1．句意：前几天晚上，我和妻子在看最新一季的真人秀节目时，发生了一场"激烈"的辩论。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要连词引导时间状语从句，意思为"当……时，在……期间"，可知空白处可以使用连词when /while； 故答案为when/while。
2．句意：基本上，这真人秀是关于三对夫妇开始为期18天的假期，试图解决他们的婚姻问题，希望挽救他们的婚姻。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要非谓语作three couples的定语，可知空白处需要动词的现在分词embarking表示正在进行这个18天的假期； 故答案为embarking。
3．句意：虽然我们都认为大多数男人在任何亲密关系中都不善于表达自己的真实感受，但我和我仍然深爱着的妻子却无法就其中的原因达成一致。根据分析句子结构，两个句子之间是转折关系， 可知空白处可以使用让步状语从句从句的连词Though/Although； 故答案为Though/Although。
4．句意：长期以来，我们的社会一直不鼓励男性表达情感，告诉他们不能流泪或表现出任何脆弱。根据分析句子结构，for ages常跟现在完成时（强调对现在的影响）， 可知空白处需要运用现在完成时时态，主语Our society是单数名词，空白处需要动词discourage 的has discouraged； 故答案为 has discouraged 。
5．句意：对我来说，难怪在婚姻市场上，女性最常见的类型是沉默；但占主导地位的男性，他们的脑海中仍然萦绕着养家糊口和家庭主妇的角色。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要介词表示"对……来说"， 可知空白处需要介词to； 故答案为to。
6．句意：对我来说，难怪在婚姻市场上，女性最常见的类型是沉默但占主导地位的男性，他们的脑海中仍然萦绕着养家糊口和家庭主妇的角色。根据分析句子结构，该句考查了with +宾语（the whole breadwinner and homemaker roles）+过去分词（作补语）可知空白处需要动词stick的过去分词stuck； 故答案为stuck。
7．句意：我妻子被我严谨的逻辑吓到了，她有意把争论的焦点转移到我们俩应该如何抚养儿子，以及如果我认真对待她的建议，我本可以做得更好。根据 and 前后一致，空白处需要疑问词引导宾语从句，根据句意夫妻两个在讨论 家庭问题，句子不缺主谓宾， 可知空白处需要疑问副词how（表示方式）； 故答案为how。
8．句意：然而，事情开始变得更加个性化，因为我们俩似乎都没有机智的争论了。根据句意"因为我们俩似乎都没有机智的争论了" 可知空白处需要形容词personal的比较级more personal； 故答案为more personal。
9．句意：我意识到这种分歧不会给我们带来任何结果，于是我马上为自己考虑不周的话向她道歉，并表示愿意帮她清理水池里堆积的盘子(即使那天晚上是我做的饭!)面对一个她无法拒绝的提议，我的妻子善意地提醒我，洗完后别忘了把毛巾弄干。根据通常家庭里家务事都是夫妻两个均担，作者做了饭，他妻子会洗碗的， 可知作者知道自己可能惹恼了妻子，尽管自己做了饭自己还是洗碗；空白处需要让步状语从句的引导词even if； 故答案为even if。
10．句意：我意识到这种分歧不会给我们带来任何结果，于是我马上为自己考虑不周的话向她道歉，并表示愿意帮她清理水池里堆积的盘子(即使那天晚上是我做的饭!)面对一个她无法拒绝的提议，我的妻子善意地提醒我，洗完后别忘了把毛巾弄干。根据分析句子结构，空白处考查了固定搭配：remind sb to do 提醒某人去做某事，可知空白处需要not forget的不定式not to forget； 故答案为not to forget。
【答案】11．how often；12．to find；13．sensed；14．of；15．should；16．that；17．what；18．have to；19．who；20．us
【知识点】日常生活类；故事阅读类；学习教育类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己的育儿经历。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态，短语，形容词的比较级，定语从句副词，非谓语动词，等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
11．句意：我不知道多久喂一次我的儿子，拍他的背让他打嗝有多用力，或者让他想睡多久就睡多久是否可以。根据上文Back then, I was
a very nervous new father. 那时，我是一个非常紧张的新父亲。可知作者开始会不清楚多长时间给孩子为一次奶，空白处需要表示频率的短语how often； 故答案为how often。
12．句意：我给自己买了很多关于育儿的书，结果发现有太多新东西要学，我不可避免地开始感到不知所措。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要表示作者买的书并没有完全帮到他， 可知空白处需要动词find的不定式to find表示"事与愿违"； 故答案为to find。
13．句意：我的朋友梅也即将成为母亲，她感受到了我的焦虑，为了让我平静下来，她在一天晚上给我发短信说:"任何书都不能代替你自己敏锐的沉思和仔细的观察。"根据分析句子结构，空白处需要谓语动词，再根据 and前后时态一致，后面texted 是过去式， 可知空白处需要动词sense的过去式sensed； 故答案为sensed。
14．句意：书籍可以有一点附加价值，但仅此而已。听你儿子的话，他会教你如何做一个父亲。根据分析句子结构，空白处考查了固定用法：be of +抽象名词（ value）=be +形容词（valuable）， 可知空白处需要介词of； 故答案为of。
15．句意：这让我很震惊，因为在我成长的那个时代，大多数父母，包括我自己的父母，都认为孩子应该被看到，而不是被听到。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要情态动词表示"应该，按道理" 可知空白处需要情态动词should； 故答案为should。
16．句意：孩子们什么都不知道但他们愿意去做；他们什么都都不会，但他们会去学习，这种想法让我永远生活在一种期待的状态中。根据 分析句子结构，空白处需要同位语从句 children do not know anything but will do so, and are not capable of doing anything
but will learn,的引导词（该句不缺成分，也不缺医意思），可知空白处需要that（引导名词从句时没有汉语意思）； 故答案为that。
17．句意：为了明天的缘故，我没有顾及到今天他可能感到有趣、悲伤、惊奇、愤怒和兴趣的东西。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要主语引导动词respect 的宾语从句，表示"事情"可知空白处需要代词what； 故答案为what。
18．句意：一旦我降到他的水平，我发现我甚至不需要问问题。根据句意空白处需要补充"必须，一定" 可知空白处需要情态动词have to； 故答案为have to。
19．句意：他还和我讨论了他的宏伟计划，要和班上碰巧想嫁给他的那个女孩去南极旅行。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要关系代词引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the girl， 可知空白处需要关系代词who； 故答案为who。
20．句意：陪在儿子身边听他说话，不仅让我们摆脱了"那些不容错过的最好的育儿书"，也让我们避免了对他的过度评价和过度痴迷。根据家庭教育孩子至少是父母两个人的事（有时还有老人一起教育孩子） 可知作者这里讲的我们听孩子说话，空白处需要复数宾格代词us； 故答案为us。
【答案】21．C；22．D；23．B；24．A；25．AC；26．BC；27．CD；28．ABC；29．AB；30．BD
【知识点】短文填词；科普类；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。论述了人类不能永无止境的追求高热量的食物。
A. advantageous - 有利的，有益的
B. programming - 编程，程序设计
C. fashion - 时尚，流行
D. fueled - 提供燃料的，由......推动的
AB. advanced - 先进的，高级的
AC. sacrifice - 牺牲，献身
AD. capped - 有上限的，封顶的
BC. habitually - 习惯性地，惯常地
BD. appetite - 食欲，欲望
CD. likelihood - 可能性，概率
ABC. unnecessarily - 不必要地，无用地
【点评】考查选词填空。考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句的逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
21．句意： 相反，我们把时间花在做那些让我们成为人类的事情上:我们开始设计工具、建造建筑、分享故事、创造神话和玩游戏。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要动词表示"制作，创造" 可知fashion可以作动词:（尤指用手工）制作，使成形，塑造； 故答案为C。
22．句意：卡路里是我们大脑的能量来源。根据空白处需要谓语动词"提供能量" 可知动词 fuel"（给……）提供燃料，加油"符合题意； 故答案为D。
23．句意：仅仅因为我们需要卡路里并不意味着我们的基本程序迫使我们过度消耗它们，同样的道理，需要氧气并不迫使我们永远过度呼吸。根据分析句子结构 ，空白处需要名词表示"程序"可知空白处需要名词programming； 故答案为B。
24．句意：是的，在饥荒时期携带额外的卡路里可能是有利的，但这是对我们进化历史过于简单化的假设。根据句子结构，该句使用了固定句式：It be动词+形容词+to do ，可知空白处需要形容词，意思为"有利的，有益的"，advantageous 符合题意； 故答案为A。
25．句意：对于进化中的灵长类动物来说，更大的身体混乱意味着更慢的加速度和快速改变速度和方向的能力的牺牲。根据上文Out there
in nature, carrying extra body weight brings serious, even deadly, disadvantages. 在大自然中，超重会带来严重甚至致命的危害。以及分析句子结构，可知空白处需要表示不好的结果名词 sacrifice"牺牲"符合题意； 故答案为AC。
26．句意：当我们还是猎物的时候——当我们的祖先习惯性地被大型猫科动物、蟒蛇甚至老鹰吃掉的时候——我们敏捷的启动、停止和转弯的能力对生存至关重要。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要分词修饰谓语，再根据句意可知空白处需要副词"经常，习惯" habitually
符合题意； 故答案为BC。
27．句意：对于掠食者来说，一个肥胖的人不仅更容易被发现，更容易被抓住，它还能成为更大更好的食物。对于我们猎杀的猎物来说，肥胖的人类更容易逃避和逃跑。携带过多的脂肪也会增加受伤和死亡的可能性，因为维持一个更大的身体所涉及的力量和负荷。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要名词，再根据句意可知空白处需要名词"可能性，可能"likelihood符合题意 ； 故答案为CD。
28．句意：用进化适应性的简单算法来说，不必要的肥胖并不会增加个体遗传基因的机会。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要副词修饰形容词 fat，表示"不需要，没必要" 可知副词 unnecessarily符合题意； 故答案为ABC。
29．句意：随着我们变得更高等，更先进，我们有了更多的理由来避免过度放纵。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要形容词作表语，表示"高级的，高等的" 可知形容词advanced 符合题意； 故答案为AB。
30．句意：食物必须与部落的其他成员分享，然后是村庄，然后是城镇，尤其是儿童，与其他物种相比，他们对成年人的资源依赖是永恒的。否则，如果我们真的是对卡路里永无止境的欲望的奴隶，那么人类这个物种早就灭绝了。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要单数可数名词， 可知名词 appetite"欲望"符合题意； 故答案为BD。
【答案】31．BC；32．AD；33．B；34．CD；35．A；36．ABC；37．AC；38．BD；39．C；40．D
【知识点】短文填词；社会现象类；社会文化类；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】至少一篇议论文。论述了让青少年孩子爱上读书很重要。
A. nesting - 筑巢，栖息
B. signals - 信号，标志
C. accessible - 可接近的，可进入的，可理解的
D. overnight - 一夜之间，迅速地
AB. decisively - 果断地，决定性地
AC. illiterates - 文盲，不识字的人
AD. literally - 字面上地，真实地
BC. unaware - 未意识到的，不知道的
BD. motivated - 有动机的，有积极性的
CD. accused - 被指控的，被控告的
ABC. terrifying - 令人恐惧的，可怕的
【点评】考查选词填空。考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句的逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
31．句意： 即使你没有十几岁的孩子，你仍然会看到别人的孩子四处游荡，他们的眼睛移开周围在手机，键盘上不停地敲打，完全没有意识到周围的环境。 根据分析句子结构，空白处需要形容词与介词 of 构成短语"没有意识到"，可知空白处需要形容词unaware； 故答案为BC。
32．句意：很有可能他们会一直发短信，即使这意味着错过了所有那些令人敬畏的时刻。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要副词修饰be
texting ，写短信是逐字地写，可知副词literally符合题意； 故答案为AD。
33．句意：在嗡嗡声表明最新短信到达之前，你可能会快速浏览一下。根据上文句意"很有可能他们会一直发短信，即使这意味着错过了所有那些令人敬畏的时刻" 可知他们等待的也是短信信号的想起，可数名词 signals符合题意； 故答案为B。
34．句意：现在，在我被指控向玻璃房子里扔石头之前，让我承认。根据句意"让我承认" 可知"我"被指控做了错事，该句考查了固定搭配：accuse sb of sth指责某人做了某事，分析句子结构空白处需要过去分词accused； 故答案为CD。
35．句意：这是我小时候养成的一个古怪的老习惯，那时候年轻人的手掌里还没有手机。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要非谓语意思为"（手机）开始在掌心里安家，筑巢" 可知非谓语 nesting符合题意； 故答案为A。
36．句意：作为一名高中教师，更让我感到恐惧的是，几乎三分之二的高中新生每周消遣阅读的时间不到一个小时。根据国家教育部的要求，高中生的阅读量每周都是几万字的课外阅读，可知当作者了解到现在高中生的阅读量这样少时，他感到很很恐怖，形容词terrifying 符合题意； 故答案为ABC。
37．句意：因为，在某种程度上，如果我们不采取一些必要的措施，这种短信热潮可以而且将会产生大量的文化文盲，他们与祖先的文明隔绝了。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要名词，再根据句意"他们与祖先的文明隔绝了" 可知这些人不知道以前的文明，也就是新型的文盲了，可知名词 illiterates 符合题意； 故答案为AC。
38．句意：这将帮助他们保持专注和动力去阅读。根据下文For instance, if your child loves playing football, read the storybook
related to football.例如，如果你的孩子喜欢踢足球，那就读与足球有关的故事书。可知作者认为这样可以保持孩子读书的动力，形容词 motivated 符合题意； 故答案为BD。
39．句意：通过让阅读变得更容易、更有趣，我们可以培养他们对阅读的热爱。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要形容词也是为"容易的" 可知形容词accessible 符合题意； 故答案为C。
40．句意：但不要指望孩子们会在一夜之间爱上阅读。根据下文When it comes to reading, trust the process. 说到阅读，要相信这个过程。可知作者认为让孩子爱上读书不是短期能做到的，空白处需要时间副词 overnight； 故答案为D。
【答案】41．B；42．C；43．A；44．A；45．D；46．C；47．A；48．B；49．D；50．B；51．C；52．D；53．B；54．D；55．A
【知识点】社会现象类；科普类；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。论述了人工智能消灭人类的风险不是危言耸听。
【点评】考查完形填空，首先通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺单词的含义，最后对选项进行区别，选出正确的那一项。做完后再通读一遍检查验证。
41．句意： 不幸的是，答案是否定的。根据 上文In a recent White House press conference, press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre
couldn't suppress her laughter at the question: Is it "crazy" to worry that "literally everyone on Earth will die" due to artificial intelligence 在最近的一次白宫新闻发布会上，新闻秘书卡琳·让-皮埃尔在面对这个问题时忍不住笑了起来:担心"地球上的每个人都会因为人工智能而死亡"是否"疯狂" 可知大多数人认为是肯定的，但实际刚好相反，所以对人类这是不幸的事情；A：Comfortingly安慰；B：Unfortunately不幸；C： Accidentally意外；D： Luckily 幸运； 故答案为B。
42．句意：尽管阿兰·图灵等人工智能先驱警告说，我们应该期待"机器接管控制权"，但许多当代研究人员对这种担忧不以为然。根据上文大家对问题的回答， 可知人们对人工智能的发展可能给人类带来的危害还没有意识到，所以他对专家的警告不以为然，很淡漠；A： express表达；B： feel感觉；C： downplay淡化，轻视；D： highlight突出 ； 故答案为C。
43．句意：我很熟悉一些观点，认为人工智能系统将永不满足地寻求权力，并抵制关闭——如果这种情况发生，这将对人类构成明显威胁。根据句意"认为人工智能系统将永不满足地寻求权力，并抵制关闭" 可知人工智能系统不断壮大发展会给人类带来威胁；A： threat威胁；B： boost促进；C： disgrace耻辱；D： contribution 贡献； 故答案为A。
44．句意：但我也认为，研究人员一定有充分的理由不担心人工智能带来的人类灭绝风险。根据上文句意"我很熟悉一些观点，认为人工智能系统将永不满足地寻求权力，并抵制关闭——如果这种情况发生，这将对人类构成明显威胁。" 可知人们会担心人工智能灭绝人类；A： extinction灭绝；B： health健康；C： resource资源；D： exposure暴露 ； 故答案为A。
45．句意： 到2012年，在经历了几轮没有成功的炒作周期后，大多数人工智能研究人员不再问"如果我们成功复制人类智能会怎么样"，而是将目标缩小到自动驾驶等具体任务上。 根据句意" 到2012年，在经历了几轮没有成功的炒作周期后，大多数人工智能研究人员不再问" 可知研究人员转向研究人工智能来改善人们的生活，研究具体化后他们的奋斗目标就缩小了；A： abandoning放弃；B： cherishing珍惜；C： frustrating沮丧；D： narrowing 缩小； 故答案为D。
46．句意：当这些担忧在他们的研究圈之外重新出现时，研究人员很快就把局外人视为无知，把他们的担忧视为科幻小说。根据句意"把他们的担忧视为科幻小说" 可知他们认为这些担忧是无知的，没多少道理的；A： arrogant傲慢；B： irresponsible不负责任；C： ignorant无知D： biased 有偏见的； 故答案为C。
47．句意：一个基本的论点是通过类比得出的:人类的认知能力使我们能够在资源方面胜过其他物种，从而导致了许多物种的灭绝。根据句意"我们能够在资源方面胜过其他物种"这说明人类战胜了其他物种， 可知这主要是人类的认知水平高于其他物种；A： cognitive认知；B： physical身体；C： linguistic语言；D： emotional 情感； 故答案为A。
48．句意：不那么抽象的是，人工智能可以在经济上取代人类，并通过其操纵能力在政治上取代人类。根据上文句意"一个基本的论点是通过类比得出的:人类的认知能力使我们能够在资源方面胜过其他物种，从而导致了许多物种的灭绝。" 可知作者在进行类比，这样我们理解就不再抽象了，而很具体；A： deliberately故意的；B： abstractly抽象的；C： frequently经常的；D： fundamentally根本的； 故答案为B。
49．句意：许多人可能会选择部署一个有99%机会让他们变得非常富有和强大的系统，即使它有1%的机会逃脱他们的控制并杀死所有人。 根据句意"许多人可能会选择部署一个有99%机会让他们变得非常富有和强大的系统" 可知他们没料到人工智能也可以利用这百分之一的漏洞来逃离出来杀死所有人；A： tightening勒紧；B： exercising锻炼；C： maintaining保持；D： escaping逃离 ； 故答案为D。
50．句意：研究人员还强调，预测人工智能何时可能超过人类智力是困难的，但这是一个谨慎的理由，而不是自满。根据我们目前的现状，人工智能还不能超过人类的智慧， 可知作者在这里提醒人们人工智能很快会超越我们人类；A： assist协助；B： surpass超越；C： collect收集；D： evaluate评估； 故答案为B。
51．句意：诚然，与偏见和错误信息等今人工智能的重要社会问题相比，人工智能风险更值得质疑，但基本解决方案是一样的:监管。根据上文人工智能给人类可能带来的风险总是不确定的， 可知作者认为这种让人质疑的不确定风险必须得到监管；A： obvious显然；B： urgent紧急；C： questionable不确定的；D： private私有的，自用的 ； 故答案为C。
52．句意：通过拒绝参与，一些人工智能研究人员忽视了伦理责任，背叛了公众的信任。根据上文人们讨论研究人工智能的风险无果后，有些研究人员不再理会人工智能风险， 可知作者认为他们这样做是不道德的；A： legal法律；B： financial财务；C： professional专业；D： ethical伦理的，道德的 ； 故答案为D。
53．句意： 担忧的研究人员最近呼吁暂停开发更大的人工智能模型，让社会赶上来。根据句意"让社会赶上来" 可知社会的发达程度还落后与人工智能技术，于是担心人工智能风险的研究人员希望暂停人工智能的更大模型开发；A： investment投资；B： pause暂停；C： research研究；D： initiative 主动； 故答案为B。
54．句意：批评人士说，这在政治上是不现实的，但像人工智能消灭人类的风险这样的问题不会因为政治上的不方便而消失。根据上文担忧的研究人员认为减缓开发人工智能就能避免问题；但批评人士认为政治手段不能杜绝消除这类问题， 可知人工智能的问题不会因为政治的干预二走开远离；A： take place发生；B： grow up成长；C： sink in沉没；D： go away 走开； 故答案为D。
55．句意：在某种程度上，社会可能会停止相信那些有如此强烈利益冲突的人的保证，并像我一样得出结论，认为解雇他们是一厢情愿的想法，而不是好的反驳。根据上文This brings us to the ugliest reason researchers may dismiss AI x-risk: funding. Essentially
every researcher (myself included) has received funding from big tech. 这让我们想到了研究人员可能会忽视人工智能x风险的最丑陋的原因:资金。基本上每个研究人员(包括我自己)都得到了大型科技公司的资助。 可知这些因为利益不会讲真话，人们也就不相信他们的保证；A： interest利益；B： religion宗教；C： taste爱好，兴趣；D： law法律 ； 故答案为A。
【答案】56．D；57．A；58．C；59．B；60．A；61．A；62．B；63．C；64．A；65．D；66．B；67．D；68．D；69．C；70．D
【知识点】说明文；政治经济类；社会现象类；社会文化类；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了女权主义以及人们对女权主义的几个误解。
【点评】考查完形填空，首先通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺单词的含义，最后对选项进行区别，选出正确的那一项。做完后再通读一遍检查验证。
56．句意：如果你像我一样，这些对你政治信仰的调查只会让你口齿不清。 根据上文One of the first things that happens when you publicly declare yourself a feminist is that you start getting asked a lot of questions. 当你公开宣称自己是女权主义者时，首先发生的一件事就是你开始被问很多问题。 可知女权主义这是政治概念，你宣称你是女权主义者别人就会问你政治信仰；A： irrational非理性；B： cultural文化；C： spiritual精神；D： political 政治； 故答案为D。
57．句意：我读过的关于女权主义的书籍和学术论文足够装满一个相当大的图书馆，但当我被要求总结时，我就开始出汗，拼凑出几个听不懂的句子，然后大声喊出"因为碧昂斯"，跑去再拿一杯饮料。根据句意作者这里比喻自己读的关于女权主义的书很多， 可知她认为这些书可以装满一个大的图书管；A： fill填；B： manage管理；C： access接近，进入；D： construct 建造，修建； 故答案为A。
58．句意：我读过的关于女权主义的书籍和学术论文足够装满一个相当大的图书馆，但当我被要求总结时，我就开始出汗，拼凑出几个听不懂的句子，然后大声喊出"因为碧昂斯"，跑去再拿一杯饮料。根据句意作者虽然读书很多，但没有怎么真正理解， 可知她总结时拼出来的语句也是令人费解的，难以理解的；A： complicated复杂；B： reassuring放心；C： unintelligible难以理解；D： consistent始终如一的 ； 故答案为C。
59．句意：为了让你避免这种尴尬的命运，我整理了一些女权主义者的复出，我希望我当时就能想到。根据上文作者在演讲，总结时都遇到了尴尬的场景， 可知她为了帮你避免呢这样的尴尬场景；A： unknown未知的；B： embarrassing尴尬的；C： ultimate终极的；D： cruel残酷的 ； 故答案为B。
60．句意：因为它迟早会派上用场。根据上文 Rip out this page, keep it in your pocket and whip it out next time you're stuck with
a drunk man at a party. 把这张纸撕下来，放在口袋里，下次你在派对上遇到醉鬼的时候就把它拿出来。可知这样你随时用着方便，任何时候都可以派上用场；A： handy 有用，方便；B： shape形状；C： view观点，看法；D： force暴力，武力 ； 故答案为A。
61．句意： 这是我真正热衷的事情。女权主义是一项有几个世纪历史的争取两性平等的社会运动。根据标题，作者在解释女权主义， 可知女权主义要求男女应该都是平等的；A： equality平等；B： battle战斗；C： development发展；D： definition 定义； 故答案为A。
62．句意：跨部门女权主义者认为，所有人都享有同样的权利，他们为结束所有基于性别、性取向、肤色、种族、宗教或生活方式的歧视而斗争。根据上文作者继续解释平等包括享有与男性同样的权利， 可知作者还强调所有的人都享有同样的权利；A： attached隶属于……，附属的；B： entitled享有权利的；C： restricted有限的，受限制的；D： used 用过的，旧的； 故答案为B。
63．句意：这种女权主义是政治正确的疯子! 根据下文 But, jokes aside, political correctness gets a bad rap（恶评）, 但是，抛开笑话不谈，政治正确的名声很差，可知这里的标题是说女权主义只有在政治正确的情况下实现；A： LIBERTY自由；B： PERFORMANCE性能；C： CORRECTNESS正确性；D： SENSITIVITY灵敏度； 故答案C。
64．句意：但是，抛开笑话不谈，政治正确的名声很差，但归根结底，这是少数群体要求他们不要被日常对话或媒体边缘化和伤害。 根据句意 "但是，抛开笑话不谈，政治正确的名声很差" 可知作者在找政治正确的名声很差的原因，这些原因归根结底在于管理者上层；A： boils down to归根到底；B： steers away from远离；C： takes advantage of利用；D： puts up with忍受 ； 故答案为A。
65．句意：但我担心那些冒犯女性、有色人种、残疾人、跨性别者或其他LGBTQ群体的笑话对我来说一点都不好笑。根据下文 Let's chat
when you come up with some better material, preferably something that doesn't offend my friends!当你想到更好的素材时，我们再聊吧，最好是不会冒犯我朋友的 !可知作者讨厌冒犯别人，他认为冒犯别人一点也不有趣；A： offensive无礼的；B： silly愚蠢的；C： flat平淡的；D： funny有趣的 ； 故答案为D。
66．句意： 我很抱歉主流媒体对女权运动的误解导致了你的这种感觉。根据下文Of course men can be feminists. 男人当然可以成为女权主义者。可知作者认为是主流媒体的误解让人们因为只有女士才能成为女权主义者；A： update更新；B： misconception错误想法，误解；C： interpretation解释，理解；D： milestone里程碑，里程标 ； 故答案为B。
67．句意：可悲的事实是，我们从出生起就被社会化了，接受性别歧视是生活的一部分，因此，女性实际上和男性一样有性别歧视。根据句意"我们从出生起就被社会化了，接受性别歧视是生活的一部分" 可知男女都面临着性别歧视的问题；A： tough强硬的；B： realistic现实的；C： logical合情合理的；D： sexist性别歧视 ； 故答案为D。
68．句意：它告诉男人，他们不允许表现出侵略性，他们必须成功和强大才能成功，他们不允许喜欢粉红色!女权主义是克服所有这些问题的斗争，也是确保妇女获得教育和生育自由等基本人权的斗争。根据上文 Institutionalized sexism hurts men as well as women. 制度化的性别歧视对男性和女性都有伤害。可知这里强调制度对男性的约束，制度只会约束他们的攻击性，不会限制他们的勇气和情感的，也不会限制他们的抱负；A： emotions情感；B： ambitions抱负；C： courage勇气；D： aggressiveness 攻击性； 故答案为D。
69．句意：女权主义是克服所有这些问题的斗争，也是确保妇女获得教育和生育自由等基本人权的斗争。根据上文作者认为女权主义主要就是克服解决上面的问题， 可知女权主义就是克服以上问题的斗争；A： promote促进；B： embrace拥抱；C： overcome克服；D： cultivate培育 ； 故答案为C。
70．句意：所以，即使你只是出于纯粹的自私原因加入，我们也希望你能成为我们的一员! 根据上文Feminists truly believe that if we lived in a world without gender-based oppression, we'd all be so much happier. 女权主义者真的相信，如果我们生活在一个没有性别压迫的世界里，我们都会快乐得多。可知很多人加入女权主义行列主要抱着自私的目的；A： noble高尚；B： understandable可理解；C： obvious显而易见；D： selfish 自私； 故答案为D。
【答案】71．D
72．B
73．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；故事阅读类；文学艺术类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了哈利赶火车时的遭遇。
【点评】考查阅读理解。涉及推理判断题，词义猜测题。解答推理判断题要根据原文中的信息与选项信息结合起来进行正确推断，得出答案；解答词义猜测题要根据文章的上下文并完全符合原文，不能主观臆断。
71．推理判断题。根据 Two hours later, Harry's huge, heavy truck had been loaded into the Dursley's car, Aunt Petunia had
talked Dudley into sitting next to Harry and they had set off. 两个小时后，哈利那辆又大又重的卡车装进了德思礼家的汽车，佩妮姨妈说服达力坐在哈利旁边，他们就出发了。可知他盼望着霍格沃茨的新生活； 故答案为D。
72．词义猜测题。根据下文 According to the large clock over the arrival boards, he had ten minutes left to get on the train to
Hogwarts and he had no idea how to do it; he was stranded in the middle of a station with a trunk he could hardly lift, a pocket full of wizard money and a large owl. 到站告示牌上的大钟显示，他还有十分钟就要登上去霍格沃茨的火车，但他不知道该怎么做。他被困在车站中央，带着一只他几乎提不起来的箱子、一口袋巫师的钱和一只大猫头鹰。可知哈利这是很害怕，畏惧，panic的意思为"害怕，恐慌"； 故答案为B。
73．推理判断题。根据 Harry turned and saw the Dursleys drive away. All three of them were laughing. 哈利转过身，看见德思礼一家开车走了。他们三个都在笑。 可知德思礼一家很高兴摆脱了哈利，看着他陷入尴尬的境地； 故答案为C。
【答案】74．A
75．B
76．D
77．B
【知识点】推理判断题；时文广告类；说明文；科普类；学习教育类；应用文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了迈尔斯-布里格斯人格类型指标。
【点评】考查阅读理解。涉及推理判断题。解答推理判断题要根据原文中的信息与选项信息结合起来进行正确推断，得出答案。
74．推理判断题。根据The Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator is a self-report inventory designed to identify a person's personality type, strengths, and preferences. 迈尔斯-布里格斯人格类型指标是一种自我报告量表，旨在确定一个人的人格类型、优势和偏好。可知通过MBTI更好地帮助人们了解他们的独特之处； 故答案为A。
75．推理判断题。根据 Instead, its goal is to allow people to further explore and understand their own personalities including their strengths, weaknesses, possible career preferences, and compatibility with other people. 相反，它的目标是让人们进一步探索和了解自己的个性，包括他们的优点、缺点、可能的职业偏好以及与其他人的兼容性。可知MBTI可以用于职业规划； 故答案为B。
76．推理判断题。根据Suppose Eric is an ISFP，他是内向的人introverts often like working alone or in small groups, prefer a more deliberate pace, and like to focus on one task at a time. 内向的人通常喜欢独自工作或在小组中工作，但他们更喜欢深思熟虑的节奏，喜欢一次只专注于一项任务。Sensors are realistic people who like to focus on the facts and details, and apply common sense and past experience to figure out practical solutions to problems他也是感知型的人，感知型是现实型的人，他们喜欢关注事实和细节，并运用常识和过去的经验来找出问题的实际解决方案。 feelers tend to be sensitive and cooperative, and decide based on their own personal values and how others will be affected by their actions. 感性者倾向于敏感和合作，根据自己的个人价值观和自己的行为对他人的影响来做决定。perceivers prefer to keep their options open, like to be able to act spontaneously, and like to be flexible with making plans. 感知者更喜欢保留他们的选择，喜欢能够自发地行动，喜欢灵活地制定计划。可知Eric 适合当作家； 故答案为D。
77．推理判断题。根据这是一篇关于迈尔斯-布里格斯人格类型指标的介绍，向大众宣传根据问题自我测试，然后根据测试结果可以找自己的工作， 可知这篇文章应该来源于大众杂志； 故答案为B。
【答案】78．C
79．D
80．B
81．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；政治经济类；社会现象类；学习教育类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了促进全球教育的挑战。
【点评】考查阅读理解。涉及推理判断题，细节理解题和主旨大意题。解答推理判断题要根据原文中的信息与选项信息结合起来进行正确推断，得出答案；解答细节理解题要完全符合原文，不能主观臆断；解答主旨大意题时需要根据文章的结构和选项来判断出正确答案。
78．细节理解题。根据The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which promotes policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world, has been looking at the future of global education. 经济合作与发展组织(OECD)一直在关注全球教育的未来，该组织致力于推动改善全球人民经济和社会福祉的政策。可知 经济合作与发展组织的目的就是促进全世界人民的经济和社会福利； 故答案为C。
79．细节理解题。根据 In OECD countries, the richest 10% have incomes 10 times greater than the poorest 10%. This
inequality is a challenge for schools aimed to offer everyone equal access to education. 在经合组织国家，最富有的10%的人的收入是最贫穷的10%的人的收入的10倍。这种不平等对旨在为每个人提供平等受教育机会的学校来说是一个挑战。可知"在经合组织的努力下，特权阶层得到了更多的好处"的说法是错误的文章里没有出现； 故答案为D。
80．推理判断题。根据 ncreasing migration will also have an impact on education systems. Mobility results in more culturally
diverse students eager to learn and develop a good life for themselves. 不断增加的移民也将对教育系统产生影响。流动性导致更多的多元文化的学生渴望学习和发展自己的美好生活。可知越来越多的移民将增加学校教室中多元文化学生的数量； 故答案为B。
81．主旨大意题。根据文章的结构：分总，最后一段为中心段落。These are just some of the issues the OECD is highlighting. But
they remain irrelevant for hundreds of millions of the world's poorest children who don't even have access to school places or receive such low-quality education that they leave without the most basic literacy or numeracy. 这些只是经合组织强调的一些问题。但是，对于世界上数以亿计的最贫困儿童来说，它们仍然无关紧要。这些儿童甚至没有上学的机会，或者接受的教育质量很低，以至于他们离开学校时没有最基本的识字或计算能力。可知这篇文章主要讲促进全球教育的挑战； 故答案为B。
【答案】82．AC；83．B；84．D；85．A
【知识点】社会现象类；社会历史类；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。论述了人类的生存困境。
【点评】考查任务型阅读，属于六选四，解题关键在看懂文章，注意上下文的提示词或重复的关键词，认真阅读选项，选出恰当的答案，最后再通读全文进行检查。
82．根据上文We always knew that there was something peculiar about man, something deep down that characterized him and set him apart from the other animals. 我们一直都知道，人类身上有某种特殊的东西，某种内在的东西使他成为人类的特征，使他与其他动物区别开来。以及下文For ages, when philosophers talked about the the core of man they referred to it as his "essence," something fixed in his nature, deep down, some special quality or substance. But nothing like it was ever found and man's peculiarity still remained a dilemma. 长久以来，当哲学家们谈论人的核心时，他们把它称为人的"本质"，某种固定在他本性深处的东西，某种特殊的品质或物质。可知空白处需要解释这种人区别于动物的本质特征是什么； 选项AC. It was something
that had to go right to his core, something that made him suffer his peculiar fate, that made it impossible to escape. 这是一种必须直击他内心深处的东西，一种使他遭受这种特殊命运的东西，一种使他无法逃脱的东西。符合题意； 故答案为AC。
83．根据上文Man has a symbolic identity that brings him sharply out of nature. He is a symbolic self, a creature with a name, a life history. 人有一种象征性的身份，使他与自然截然不同。他是一个象征性的自我，一个有名字，有生活史的生物。以及下文He can place himself imaginatively at a point in space and contemplate bemusedly his own planet. 他可以想象自己置身于太空中的某一点，沉思着自己的星球。可知空白处需要过渡句：他具有丰富的想象力，他的思想不只局限于生活的地球； 选项B. He is
a creator with a mind that soars out the speculate about atoms and infinity.他是一个创造者，他的思想超越了对原子和无限的推测。符合题意； 故答案为B。
84．根据 下文Man is literally split in two: he has an awareness of his own splendid uniqueness in that he sticks out of nature with a towering majesty, and yet he goes back into the ground a few feet in order blindly and dumbly to rot and disappear forever. 人实际上是一分为二的:他意识到自己辉煌的独特性，因为他以高耸的威严从大自然中伸出来，然而他又回到地下几英尺，盲目地、沉默地腐烂，永远消失。可知这一段的主题句需要讲我们人类具有双重性：伟大和渺小，先进和落后； 选项D. Yet at the same
time, man is a worm and food for worms.然而与此同时，人又是一条蠕虫，又是蠕虫的食物。符合题意； 故答案为D。
85．根据上文 The animals don't know that death is happening and continue gazing while others drop alongside them. The knowledge of death is reflective and conceptual, and animals are spared it. They live and they disappear with the same thoughtlessness: a few minutes of fear, a few seconds of anguish, and it is over. 动物们不知道死亡正在发生，它们继续凝视着，而其他动物则在它们身边倒下。对死亡的认识是反思和概念性的，而动物则幸免于此。他们以同样轻率的方式活着，然后消失:几分上海市华二附中2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题
一、Grammar，Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
（2023高二上·上海市月考）语法填空
You know what they say, marriage is like a box of chocolates and you never know what you are gonna get. My wife and I had a "ferocious" argument the other night 　1． 　 we were watching one episode of the latest season of a reality show called. See You Again. Basically, the show was about three couples 　2． 　 (embark) on an 18-day vacation to try to work out their marital issues in the hope of saving their marriages. For them, it was really a make-it-or-break-it vacation.
　3． 　 we both agreed on most men's incompetence in expressing their true feelings in any intimate relationship, my still beloved wife and I failed miserably to see eye to eye on reasons for that. She blamed it on men's upbringing while I thought it had more to do with the influence of outdated social norms and stereotypes on men.
Our society 　4． 　 (discourage) emotional expression in men for ages, telling them they can't shed a tear or show any vulnerability. These outdated ideas about what it means to be a man have messed them up big time. To me, it is no wonder that in the marriage market, the most common type available 　5． 　 women is the silent but dominant type of men with the whole breadwinner and homemaker roles still 　6． 　 (stick) in their heads. So when things don't go that way, of course, they will feel lost.
"Intimidated" by my rigorous logic, my wife purposefully shifted the focus of her argument to 　7． 　 we two should raise our son and what I could have done better if I had taken her advice seriously.
However, things started to get much 　8． 　 (personal) when both of us seemed to run out of witty arguments. Realizing this disagreement would lead us nowhere, I wasted no time apologizing to her for my ill-considered words with dignity and offered to clean the plates piling up in the sink (　9． 　 I cooked dinner that night!) Faced with an offer she couldn't refuse, my wife kindly reminded me 　10． 　 (not forget) to dry the towel when I was done. Apology accepted, hence case closed.
At the end of the day, I exhibited my vulnerability as requested and she showed her mercy as expected. We just agreed to disagree and lived happily ever after.
【答案】1．when/while；2．embarking；3．Though/Although；4．has discouraged；5．to；6．stuck；7．how；8．more personal；9．even if；10．not to forget
【知识点】日常生活类；人生百味类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们夫妻二人由真人秀节目引发的辩论导致最后幸福和谐相处。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态，短语，形容词的比较级，定语从句副词，非谓语动词，等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
1．句意：前几天晚上，我和妻子在看最新一季的真人秀节目时，发生了一场"激烈"的辩论。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要连词引导时间状语从句，意思为"当……时，在……期间"，可知空白处可以使用连词when /while； 故答案为when/while。
2．句意：基本上，这真人秀是关于三对夫妇开始为期18天的假期，试图解决他们的婚姻问题，希望挽救他们的婚姻。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要非谓语作three couples的定语，可知空白处需要动词的现在分词embarking表示正在进行这个18天的假期； 故答案为embarking。
3．句意：虽然我们都认为大多数男人在任何亲密关系中都不善于表达自己的真实感受，但我和我仍然深爱着的妻子却无法就其中的原因达成一致。根据分析句子结构，两个句子之间是转折关系， 可知空白处可以使用让步状语从句从句的连词Though/Although； 故答案为Though/Although。
4．句意：长期以来，我们的社会一直不鼓励男性表达情感，告诉他们不能流泪或表现出任何脆弱。根据分析句子结构，for ages常跟现在完成时（强调对现在的影响）， 可知空白处需要运用现在完成时时态，主语Our society是单数名词，空白处需要动词discourage 的has discouraged； 故答案为 has discouraged 。
5．句意：对我来说，难怪在婚姻市场上，女性最常见的类型是沉默；但占主导地位的男性，他们的脑海中仍然萦绕着养家糊口和家庭主妇的角色。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要介词表示"对……来说"， 可知空白处需要介词to； 故答案为to。
6．句意：对我来说，难怪在婚姻市场上，女性最常见的类型是沉默但占主导地位的男性，他们的脑海中仍然萦绕着养家糊口和家庭主妇的角色。根据分析句子结构，该句考查了with +宾语（the whole breadwinner and homemaker roles）+过去分词（作补语）可知空白处需要动词stick的过去分词stuck； 故答案为stuck。
7．句意：我妻子被我严谨的逻辑吓到了，她有意把争论的焦点转移到我们俩应该如何抚养儿子，以及如果我认真对待她的建议，我本可以做得更好。根据 and 前后一致，空白处需要疑问词引导宾语从句，根据句意夫妻两个在讨论 家庭问题，句子不缺主谓宾， 可知空白处需要疑问副词how（表示方式）； 故答案为how。
8．句意：然而，事情开始变得更加个性化，因为我们俩似乎都没有机智的争论了。根据句意"因为我们俩似乎都没有机智的争论了" 可知空白处需要形容词personal的比较级more personal； 故答案为more personal。
9．句意：我意识到这种分歧不会给我们带来任何结果，于是我马上为自己考虑不周的话向她道歉，并表示愿意帮她清理水池里堆积的盘子(即使那天晚上是我做的饭!)面对一个她无法拒绝的提议，我的妻子善意地提醒我，洗完后别忘了把毛巾弄干。根据通常家庭里家务事都是夫妻两个均担，作者做了饭，他妻子会洗碗的， 可知作者知道自己可能惹恼了妻子，尽管自己做了饭自己还是洗碗；空白处需要让步状语从句的引导词even if； 故答案为even if。
10．句意：我意识到这种分歧不会给我们带来任何结果，于是我马上为自己考虑不周的话向她道歉，并表示愿意帮她清理水池里堆积的盘子(即使那天晚上是我做的饭!)面对一个她无法拒绝的提议，我的妻子善意地提醒我，洗完后别忘了把毛巾弄干。根据分析句子结构，空白处考查了固定搭配：remind sb to do 提醒某人去做某事，可知空白处需要not forget的不定式not to forget； 故答案为not to forget。
（2023高二上·上海市月考）语法填空
Back then, I was a very nervous new father. I didn't know 　11． 　 to feed my son, how hard to pat his back to burp him, or whether it was okay to let him sleep as long as be wants. I bought myself lots of books about parenting, only 　12． 　 (find) that there were so many new things to learn that I inevitably begun to feel overwhelmed.
My friend May, a soon-to-be mother herself, 　13． 　 (sense) my anxiety and, to calm me down, texted me one night saying, "No book can be a substitute for your own sensitive contemplation and careful observation. Books can be 　14． 　 small additional value, but no more. Just listen to your son and he'll teach you how to be a father."
That struck me a lot because I grew up in a time when most of the parents, including my own, believed that children 　15． 　 be seen and not heard. Naturally, I thought he was nothing and only grownups were worth something. The idea 　16． 　 children do not know anything but will do so, and are not capable of doing anything but will learn, made me live in a permanent state of expectation. For the sake of tomorrow, I failed to respect 　17． 　 might amuse, sadden, amaze, anger, and interest him today. For the sake of tomorrow, I stole years of his life.
Things changed for me when I got down on my knees, waiting for my son to open up. Once I came down to his level, I found I didn't even 　18． 　 ask questions. I just listened. He granted me permission to gaze into his pockets to see all his cherished collections: bird's feathers, colored stones and oddly-shaped leaves. He also discussed with me about his grand plan to travel to the South Pole with the girl in his class 　19． 　 happened to want to marry him. We both knew our relationship was built on mutual respect and trust.
Now, seven years later after my son's birth, I still marvel at May's simple wisdom. Being there listening to my son has not only rescued 　20． 　 from "those best parenting books one cannot afford to miss" but also from over-evaluating and over-obsessing about him. Simply put, my son has taught me to be a father. I have affection for what he is today and respect for what he can become in the future. All I need to do is to listen.
【答案】11．how often；12．to find；13．sensed；14．of；15．should；16．that；17．what；18．have to；19．who；20．us
【知识点】日常生活类；故事阅读类；学习教育类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己的育儿经历。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及时态，短语，形容词的比较级，定语从句副词，非谓语动词，等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
11．句意：我不知道多久喂一次我的儿子，拍他的背让他打嗝有多用力，或者让他想睡多久就睡多久是否可以。根据上文Back then, I was
a very nervous new father. 那时，我是一个非常紧张的新父亲。可知作者开始会不清楚多长时间给孩子为一次奶，空白处需要表示频率的短语how often； 故答案为how often。
12．句意：我给自己买了很多关于育儿的书，结果发现有太多新东西要学，我不可避免地开始感到不知所措。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要表示作者买的书并没有完全帮到他， 可知空白处需要动词find的不定式to find表示"事与愿违"； 故答案为to find。
13．句意：我的朋友梅也即将成为母亲，她感受到了我的焦虑，为了让我平静下来，她在一天晚上给我发短信说:"任何书都不能代替你自己敏锐的沉思和仔细的观察。"根据分析句子结构，空白处需要谓语动词，再根据 and前后时态一致，后面texted 是过去式， 可知空白处需要动词sense的过去式sensed； 故答案为sensed。
14．句意：书籍可以有一点附加价值，但仅此而已。听你儿子的话，他会教你如何做一个父亲。根据分析句子结构，空白处考查了固定用法：be of +抽象名词（ value）=be +形容词（valuable）， 可知空白处需要介词of； 故答案为of。
15．句意：这让我很震惊，因为在我成长的那个时代，大多数父母，包括我自己的父母，都认为孩子应该被看到，而不是被听到。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要情态动词表示"应该，按道理" 可知空白处需要情态动词should； 故答案为should。
16．句意：孩子们什么都不知道但他们愿意去做；他们什么都都不会，但他们会去学习，这种想法让我永远生活在一种期待的状态中。根据 分析句子结构，空白处需要同位语从句 children do not know anything but will do so, and are not capable of doing anything
but will learn,的引导词（该句不缺成分，也不缺医意思），可知空白处需要that（引导名词从句时没有汉语意思）； 故答案为that。
17．句意：为了明天的缘故，我没有顾及到今天他可能感到有趣、悲伤、惊奇、愤怒和兴趣的东西。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要主语引导动词respect 的宾语从句，表示"事情"可知空白处需要代词what； 故答案为what。
18．句意：一旦我降到他的水平，我发现我甚至不需要问问题。根据句意空白处需要补充"必须，一定" 可知空白处需要情态动词have to； 故答案为have to。
19．句意：他还和我讨论了他的宏伟计划，要和班上碰巧想嫁给他的那个女孩去南极旅行。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要关系代词引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the girl， 可知空白处需要关系代词who； 故答案为who。
20．句意：陪在儿子身边听他说话，不仅让我们摆脱了"那些不容错过的最好的育儿书"，也让我们避免了对他的过度评价和过度痴迷。根据家庭教育孩子至少是父母两个人的事（有时还有老人一起教育孩子） 可知作者这里讲的我们听孩子说话，空白处需要复数宾格代词us； 故答案为us。
二、Vocabulary，Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need in each passage.
（2023高二上·上海市月考）选词填空
A. advantageous B. programming C. fashion D. fueled AB. advanced AC. sacrifice AD. capped BC. habitually BD. appetite CD. likelihood ABC. unnecessarily
Eating a calorie-rich diet brought us humans a great advantage: time. We spent less of the day obtaining food. We saved countless hours of needless chewing. Instead, we invested time in doing the things that make us human: we started to 　21． 　 tools, erect structures, share stories, create myths and play games.
Calories made humanity possible. Calories are what 　22． 　 our big brains. Our calorie-rich diet didn't reinforce the compulsion to eat, it released us from a food-gripped existence. Just because we require calories does not mean our basic 　23． 　 compels us to over-consume them, for the same reason that requiring oxygen does not compel us to perpetually hyperventilate. Yes, it may be 　24． 　 to carry extra calories in time of famine, but this assumes an overly simplistic view of our evolutionary past.
Out there in nature, carrying extra body weight brings serious, even deadly, disadvantages. To the evolving primate, greater body mess means slower acceleration and a(n) 　25． 　 in the ability to change speed and direction quickly. Back when we were prey - when our ancestors were 　26． 　 eaten by big cats, pythons and even eagles - our ability to nimbly start, stop and turn was crucial for survival. To a predator, a fat human was not only easier to spot and easier to catch, it made for a bigger, better meal. To the prey we hunted, a fat human was easier to evade and outrun. Carrying too much fat also increases the 　27． 　 of injury and death due to the forces and loads involved in maintaining a larger body. To put it in the simple arithmetic of evolutionary fitness, being 　28． 　 fat didn't increases an individual's chances of passing on their genes. It actually reduced them.
As we became more 　29． 　 there were even more reasons to refrain from overindulgence. Food had to be shared with other members of the tribe, then the village, then the town, especially with children, whose dependence on adults for resources lasts an eternity compared with other species. Otherwise, the human species would have died off long ago, if we really were slaves to a never-ceasing 　30． 　 for calories.
All of these have left us with the following paradox: Why were humans generally able to resist vastly over-consuming calories up until about fifty years ago
Quoted from Mark Schatzker's The End of Craving
【答案】21．C；22．D；23．B；24．A；25．AC；26．BC；27．CD；28．ABC；29．AB；30．BD
【知识点】短文填词；科普类；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。论述了人类不能永无止境的追求高热量的食物。
A. advantageous - 有利的，有益的
B. programming - 编程，程序设计
C. fashion - 时尚，流行
D. fueled - 提供燃料的，由......推动的
AB. advanced - 先进的，高级的
AC. sacrifice - 牺牲，献身
AD. capped - 有上限的，封顶的
BC. habitually - 习惯性地，惯常地
BD. appetite - 食欲，欲望
CD. likelihood - 可能性，概率
ABC. unnecessarily - 不必要地，无用地
【点评】考查选词填空。考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句的逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
21．句意： 相反，我们把时间花在做那些让我们成为人类的事情上:我们开始设计工具、建造建筑、分享故事、创造神话和玩游戏。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要动词表示"制作，创造" 可知fashion可以作动词:（尤指用手工）制作，使成形，塑造； 故答案为C。
22．句意：卡路里是我们大脑的能量来源。根据空白处需要谓语动词"提供能量" 可知动词 fuel"（给……）提供燃料，加油"符合题意； 故答案为D。
23．句意：仅仅因为我们需要卡路里并不意味着我们的基本程序迫使我们过度消耗它们，同样的道理，需要氧气并不迫使我们永远过度呼吸。根据分析句子结构 ，空白处需要名词表示"程序"可知空白处需要名词programming； 故答案为B。
24．句意：是的，在饥荒时期携带额外的卡路里可能是有利的，但这是对我们进化历史过于简单化的假设。根据句子结构，该句使用了固定句式：It be动词+形容词+to do ，可知空白处需要形容词，意思为"有利的，有益的"，advantageous 符合题意； 故答案为A。
25．句意：对于进化中的灵长类动物来说，更大的身体混乱意味着更慢的加速度和快速改变速度和方向的能力的牺牲。根据上文Out there
in nature, carrying extra body weight brings serious, even deadly, disadvantages. 在大自然中，超重会带来严重甚至致命的危害。以及分析句子结构，可知空白处需要表示不好的结果名词 sacrifice"牺牲"符合题意； 故答案为AC。
26．句意：当我们还是猎物的时候——当我们的祖先习惯性地被大型猫科动物、蟒蛇甚至老鹰吃掉的时候——我们敏捷的启动、停止和转弯的能力对生存至关重要。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要分词修饰谓语，再根据句意可知空白处需要副词"经常，习惯" habitually
符合题意； 故答案为BC。
27．句意：对于掠食者来说，一个肥胖的人不仅更容易被发现，更容易被抓住，它还能成为更大更好的食物。对于我们猎杀的猎物来说，肥胖的人类更容易逃避和逃跑。携带过多的脂肪也会增加受伤和死亡的可能性，因为维持一个更大的身体所涉及的力量和负荷。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要名词，再根据句意可知空白处需要名词"可能性，可能"likelihood符合题意 ； 故答案为CD。
28．句意：用进化适应性的简单算法来说，不必要的肥胖并不会增加个体遗传基因的机会。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要副词修饰形容词 fat，表示"不需要，没必要" 可知副词 unnecessarily符合题意； 故答案为ABC。
29．句意：随着我们变得更高等，更先进，我们有了更多的理由来避免过度放纵。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要形容词作表语，表示"高级的，高等的" 可知形容词advanced 符合题意； 故答案为AB。
30．句意：食物必须与部落的其他成员分享，然后是村庄，然后是城镇，尤其是儿童，与其他物种相比，他们对成年人的资源依赖是永恒的。否则，如果我们真的是对卡路里永无止境的欲望的奴隶，那么人类这个物种早就灭绝了。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要单数可数名词， 可知名词 appetite"欲望"符合题意； 故答案为BD。
（2023高二上·上海市月考）选词填空
A. nesting B. signals C. accessible D. overnight AB. decisively AC. illiterates AD. literally BC. unaware BD. motivated CD. accused ABC. terrifying
The good news is that today's teenagers are greedy readers and productive writers. The bad news is that what they are reading and writing are text messages.
It's an unmissable trend. Even if you don't have teenage kids, you'll still see other people's offspring wandering around, their eyes averted, tapping away, totally 　31． 　 of their surroundings. Take a group of teenagers to see the eight wonders of the world. Chances are that they'll 　32． 　 be texting all the way, even if it means missing all those awe-inspiring moments. Show a teenager Jan Vermeer's The Girl with a Pearl Earring. You might get a quick glance before a buzz 　33． 　 the arrival of the latest SMS.
Now before I am 　34． 　 of throwing stones in a glass house, let me confess. I probably send about 50 texts a day, and I receive what seem like 200. But there is difference, I also read books. It's a quaint old habit I picked up as a kid, in the days before cellphones began 　35． 　 in the palms of the young.
According to a survey carried about in 2019, half of today's teenagers don't read books except when they're made to. What is more 　36． 　 to me as a high school teacher is the fact that almost two-thirds of high school freshmen read for pleasure for less than an hour per week. Nearly half of seniors don't read for pleasure at all.
Why does this matter Because, to some extent, this texting craze can and will produce a large number of cultural 　37． 　 who are cut off from the civilization of their ancestors if we don't take some necessary measures.
So how can we encourage our teenagers to read books Whether in the classroom or at home, one of the best ways to promote reading is by reading together. Another way to encourage reading is to help teenagers set a goal to read a certain number of books or read books from a certain genre. This will help them stay focused and 　38． 　 to read. For instance, if your child loves playing football, read the storybook related to football. Or if your child loves going on walks, take along some picture books to read along the way. By making reading more 　39． 　 and fun, we can foster a love of reading in them.
But don't expect children to fall in love with reading 　40． 　. When it comes to reading, trust the process.
【答案】31．BC；32．AD；33．B；34．CD；35．A；36．ABC；37．AC；38．BD；39．C；40．D
【知识点】短文填词；社会现象类；社会文化类；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】至少一篇议论文。论述了让青少年孩子爱上读书很重要。
A. nesting - 筑巢，栖息
B. signals - 信号，标志
C. accessible - 可接近的，可进入的，可理解的
D. overnight - 一夜之间，迅速地
AB. decisively - 果断地，决定性地
AC. illiterates - 文盲，不识字的人
AD. literally - 字面上地，真实地
BC. unaware - 未意识到的，不知道的
BD. motivated - 有动机的，有积极性的
CD. accused - 被指控的，被控告的
ABC. terrifying - 令人恐惧的，可怕的
【点评】考查选词填空。考查词汇在篇章中的运用能力，答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意，然后细读文章字斟句的逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
31．句意： 即使你没有十几岁的孩子，你仍然会看到别人的孩子四处游荡，他们的眼睛移开周围在手机，键盘上不停地敲打，完全没有意识到周围的环境。 根据分析句子结构，空白处需要形容词与介词 of 构成短语"没有意识到"，可知空白处需要形容词unaware； 故答案为BC。
32．句意：很有可能他们会一直发短信，即使这意味着错过了所有那些令人敬畏的时刻。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要副词修饰be
texting ，写短信是逐字地写，可知副词literally符合题意； 故答案为AD。
33．句意：在嗡嗡声表明最新短信到达之前，你可能会快速浏览一下。根据上文句意"很有可能他们会一直发短信，即使这意味着错过了所有那些令人敬畏的时刻" 可知他们等待的也是短信信号的想起，可数名词 signals符合题意； 故答案为B。
34．句意：现在，在我被指控向玻璃房子里扔石头之前，让我承认。根据句意"让我承认" 可知"我"被指控做了错事，该句考查了固定搭配：accuse sb of sth指责某人做了某事，分析句子结构空白处需要过去分词accused； 故答案为CD。
35．句意：这是我小时候养成的一个古怪的老习惯，那时候年轻人的手掌里还没有手机。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要非谓语意思为"（手机）开始在掌心里安家，筑巢" 可知非谓语 nesting符合题意； 故答案为A。
36．句意：作为一名高中教师，更让我感到恐惧的是，几乎三分之二的高中新生每周消遣阅读的时间不到一个小时。根据国家教育部的要求，高中生的阅读量每周都是几万字的课外阅读，可知当作者了解到现在高中生的阅读量这样少时，他感到很很恐怖，形容词terrifying 符合题意； 故答案为ABC。
37．句意：因为，在某种程度上，如果我们不采取一些必要的措施，这种短信热潮可以而且将会产生大量的文化文盲，他们与祖先的文明隔绝了。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要名词，再根据句意"他们与祖先的文明隔绝了" 可知这些人不知道以前的文明，也就是新型的文盲了，可知名词 illiterates 符合题意； 故答案为AC。
38．句意：这将帮助他们保持专注和动力去阅读。根据下文For instance, if your child loves playing football, read the storybook
related to football.例如，如果你的孩子喜欢踢足球，那就读与足球有关的故事书。可知作者认为这样可以保持孩子读书的动力，形容词 motivated 符合题意； 故答案为BD。
39．句意：通过让阅读变得更容易、更有趣，我们可以培养他们对阅读的热爱。根据分析句子结构，空白处需要形容词也是为"容易的" 可知形容词accessible 符合题意； 故答案为C。
40．句意：但不要指望孩子们会在一夜之间爱上阅读。根据下文When it comes to reading, trust the process. 说到阅读，要相信这个过程。可知作者认为让孩子爱上读书不是短期能做到的，空白处需要时间副词 overnight； 故答案为D。
三、Cloze，Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
（2023高二上·上海市月考）完形填空
Facing AI extinction
In a recent White House press conference, press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre couldn't suppress her laughter at the question: Is it "crazy" to worry that "literally everyone on Earth will die" due to artificial intelligence 41． , the answer is no.
While AI pioneer such as Alan Turing cautioned that we should expect "machines to take control", many contemporary researchers 42． this concern. In an area of unprecedented growth in AI abilities, why aren't more expects weighing in
Before the deep-learning revolution in 2012, I didn't think human-level AI would emerge in my lifetime. I was familiar with arguments that AI systems would insatiably seek power and resist shutdown -- and obvious 43． to humanity if it were to occur. But I also figured researchers must have good reasons not to be worried about human 44． risk (x-risk) from AI.
Yet after 10 years in the field, I believe the main reasons are actually cultural and historical. By 2012, after several hype cycles that didn't pan out, most AI researchers had stopped asking 'what if we succeed at replicating human intelligence", 45． their ambitions to specific tasks like autonomous driving.
When concerns resurfaced outside their community, researchers were to quick to dismiss outsiders as 46． and their worries as science fiction. But in my experience, AI researchers are themselves often ignorant of arguments for AI x-risk.
One basic argument is by analogy: humans' 47． abilities allowed us to out-compete other species for resources, leading to many extinctions. AI systems could likewise deprive us of the resources we need for our survival. Less 48． , AI could displace humans economically and, through its powers of manipulation, politically.
But wouldn't it be humans wielding AIs as tools who end up in control Not necessarily. Many people might choose to deploy a system with a 99 per cent chance of making them phenomenally rich and powerful, even if it had a 1 per cent chance of 49． their control and killing everyone.
Because no safe experiment can definitively tell us whether an AI system will actually kill everyone, such concerns are often dismissed as unscientific. But this isn't an excuse for ignoring the risk. It just means society needs to reason about it in the same way as other complex social issues. Researchers also emphasize the difficulty of predicting when AI might 50． human intelligence, but this is an argument for caution, not complacency.
Attitudes are changing, but not quickly enough. AI x-risk is admittedly more 51． than important social issues with present-day AI, like bias and misinformation, but the basic solution is the same: regulation. A robust public discussion is long overdue. By refusing to engage, some AI researchers are neglecting 52． responsibilities and betraying public trust.
Big tech sponsors AI ethics research when it doesn't hurt the bottom line. But it is also lobbying to exclude general-purpose AI from E. U. regulation. Concerned researchers recently called for a(n) 53． in developing bigger AI models to allow society to catch up. Critics say this isn't politically realistic, but problems like AI x-risk won't 54． just because they are politically inconvenient.
This brings us to the ugliest reason researchers may dismiss AI x-risk: funding. Essentially every researcher (myself included) has received funding from big tech. At some point, society may stop believing reassurances from people with such strong conflicts of 55． and conclude, as I have, that their dismissal betrays wishful thinking rather than good counterarguments.
41．A． Comfortingly B． Unfortunately
C． Accidentally D． Luckily
42．A． express B． feel C． downplay D． highlight
43．A． threat B． boost
C． disgrace D． contribution
44．A． extinction B． health C． resource D． exposure
45．A． abandoning B． cherishing C． frustrating D． narrowing
46．A． arrogant B． irresponsible
C． ignorant D． biased
47．A． cognitive B． physical C． linguistic D． emotional
48．A． deliberately B． abstractly
C． frequently D． fundamentally
49．A． tightening B． exercising C． maintaining D． escaping
50．A． assist B． surpass C． collect D． evaluate
51．A． obvious B． urgent C． questionable D． private
52．A． legal B． financial C． professional D． ethical
53．A． investment B． pause
C． research D． initiative
54．A． take place B． grow up C． sink in D． go away
55．A． interest B． religion C． taste D． law
【答案】41．B；42．C；43．A；44．A；45．D；46．C；47．A；48．B；49．D；50．B；51．C；52．D；53．B；54．D；55．A
【知识点】社会现象类；科普类；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。论述了人工智能消灭人类的风险不是危言耸听。
【点评】考查完形填空，首先通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺单词的含义，最后对选项进行区别，选出正确的那一项。做完后再通读一遍检查验证。
41．句意： 不幸的是，答案是否定的。根据 上文In a recent White House press conference, press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre
couldn't suppress her laughter at the question: Is it "crazy" to worry that "literally everyone on Earth will die" due to artificial intelligence 在最近的一次白宫新闻发布会上，新闻秘书卡琳·让-皮埃尔在面对这个问题时忍不住笑了起来:担心"地球上的每个人都会因为人工智能而死亡"是否"疯狂" 可知大多数人认为是肯定的，但实际刚好相反，所以对人类这是不幸的事情；A：Comfortingly安慰；B：Unfortunately不幸；C： Accidentally意外；D： Luckily 幸运； 故答案为B。
42．句意：尽管阿兰·图灵等人工智能先驱警告说，我们应该期待"机器接管控制权"，但许多当代研究人员对这种担忧不以为然。根据上文大家对问题的回答， 可知人们对人工智能的发展可能给人类带来的危害还没有意识到，所以他对专家的警告不以为然，很淡漠；A： express表达；B： feel感觉；C： downplay淡化，轻视；D： highlight突出 ； 故答案为C。
43．句意：我很熟悉一些观点，认为人工智能系统将永不满足地寻求权力，并抵制关闭——如果这种情况发生，这将对人类构成明显威胁。根据句意"认为人工智能系统将永不满足地寻求权力，并抵制关闭" 可知人工智能系统不断壮大发展会给人类带来威胁；A： threat威胁；B： boost促进；C： disgrace耻辱；D： contribution 贡献； 故答案为A。
44．句意：但我也认为，研究人员一定有充分的理由不担心人工智能带来的人类灭绝风险。根据上文句意"我很熟悉一些观点，认为人工智能系统将永不满足地寻求权力，并抵制关闭——如果这种情况发生，这将对人类构成明显威胁。" 可知人们会担心人工智能灭绝人类；A： extinction灭绝；B： health健康；C： resource资源；D： exposure暴露 ； 故答案为A。
45．句意： 到2012年，在经历了几轮没有成功的炒作周期后，大多数人工智能研究人员不再问"如果我们成功复制人类智能会怎么样"，而是将目标缩小到自动驾驶等具体任务上。 根据句意" 到2012年，在经历了几轮没有成功的炒作周期后，大多数人工智能研究人员不再问" 可知研究人员转向研究人工智能来改善人们的生活，研究具体化后他们的奋斗目标就缩小了；A： abandoning放弃；B： cherishing珍惜；C： frustrating沮丧；D： narrowing 缩小； 故答案为D。
46．句意：当这些担忧在他们的研究圈之外重新出现时，研究人员很快就把局外人视为无知，把他们的担忧视为科幻小说。根据句意"把他们的担忧视为科幻小说" 可知他们认为这些担忧是无知的，没多少道理的；A： arrogant傲慢；B： irresponsible不负责任；C： ignorant无知D： biased 有偏见的； 故答案为C。
47．句意：一个基本的论点是通过类比得出的:人类的认知能力使我们能够在资源方面胜过其他物种，从而导致了许多物种的灭绝。根据句意"我们能够在资源方面胜过其他物种"这说明人类战胜了其他物种， 可知这主要是人类的认知水平高于其他物种；A： cognitive认知；B： physical身体；C： linguistic语言；D： emotional 情感； 故答案为A。
48．句意：不那么抽象的是，人工智能可以在经济上取代人类，并通过其操纵能力在政治上取代人类。根据上文句意"一个基本的论点是通过类比得出的:人类的认知能力使我们能够在资源方面胜过其他物种，从而导致了许多物种的灭绝。" 可知作者在进行类比，这样我们理解就不再抽象了，而很具体；A： deliberately故意的；B： abstractly抽象的；C： frequently经常的；D： fundamentally根本的； 故答案为B。
49．句意：许多人可能会选择部署一个有99%机会让他们变得非常富有和强大的系统，即使它有1%的机会逃脱他们的控制并杀死所有人。 根据句意"许多人可能会选择部署一个有99%机会让他们变得非常富有和强大的系统" 可知他们没料到人工智能也可以利用这百分之一的漏洞来逃离出来杀死所有人；A： tightening勒紧；B： exercising锻炼；C： maintaining保持；D： escaping逃离 ； 故答案为D。
50．句意：研究人员还强调，预测人工智能何时可能超过人类智力是困难的，但这是一个谨慎的理由，而不是自满。根据我们目前的现状，人工智能还不能超过人类的智慧， 可知作者在这里提醒人们人工智能很快会超越我们人类；A： assist协助；B： surpass超越；C： collect收集；D： evaluate评估； 故答案为B。
51．句意：诚然，与偏见和错误信息等今人工智能的重要社会问题相比，人工智能风险更值得质疑，但基本解决方案是一样的:监管。根据上文人工智能给人类可能带来的风险总是不确定的， 可知作者认为这种让人质疑的不确定风险必须得到监管；A： obvious显然；B： urgent紧急；C： questionable不确定的；D： private私有的，自用的 ； 故答案为C。
52．句意：通过拒绝参与，一些人工智能研究人员忽视了伦理责任，背叛了公众的信任。根据上文人们讨论研究人工智能的风险无果后，有些研究人员不再理会人工智能风险， 可知作者认为他们这样做是不道德的；A： legal法律；B： financial财务；C： professional专业；D： ethical伦理的，道德的 ； 故答案为D。
53．句意： 担忧的研究人员最近呼吁暂停开发更大的人工智能模型，让社会赶上来。根据句意"让社会赶上来" 可知社会的发达程度还落后与人工智能技术，于是担心人工智能风险的研究人员希望暂停人工智能的更大模型开发；A： investment投资；B： pause暂停；C： research研究；D： initiative 主动； 故答案为B。
54．句意：批评人士说，这在政治上是不现实的，但像人工智能消灭人类的风险这样的问题不会因为政治上的不方便而消失。根据上文担忧的研究人员认为减缓开发人工智能就能避免问题；但批评人士认为政治手段不能杜绝消除这类问题， 可知人工智能的问题不会因为政治的干预二走开远离；A： take place发生；B： grow up成长；C： sink in沉没；D： go away 走开； 故答案为D。
55．句意：在某种程度上，社会可能会停止相信那些有如此强烈利益冲突的人的保证，并像我一样得出结论，认为解雇他们是一厢情愿的想法，而不是好的反驳。根据上文This brings us to the ugliest reason researchers may dismiss AI x-risk: funding. Essentially
every researcher (myself included) has received funding from big tech. 这让我们想到了研究人员可能会忽视人工智能x风险的最丑陋的原因:资金。基本上每个研究人员(包括我自己)都得到了大型科技公司的资助。 可知这些因为利益不会讲真话，人们也就不相信他们的保证；A： interest利益；B： religion宗教；C： taste爱好，兴趣；D： law法律 ； 故答案为A。
（2023高二上·上海市月考）完形填空
One of the first things that happens when you publicly declare yourself a feminist is that you start getting asked a lot of questions. If you're anything like me, these probes into your 56． beliefs will leave you a mumbling mess. I have read enough books and academic essays on feminism to 57． a fairly substantial library, and yet as soon as I'm asked to sum it up I started sweating and string together a few 58． sentences before loudly shouting 'because Beyonce' and running to get another drink.
To save you from this 59． fate I have put together a collection of the feminist comebacks I wish I'd thought of in the moment. Rip out this page, keep it in your pocket and whip it out next time you're stuck with a drunk man at a party. Because it will come into 60． .
WHAT EVEN IS 'FEMINISM '
Great question! It's actually something I'm really passionate about. Feminism is a centuries-old social movement fighting for the 61． of the sexes. Inter-sectional feminists believe that all people are 62． to the same rights, and they fight to end all discrimination based on gender, sexual orientation, skin colour, ethnicity, religion or lifestyle.
THIS FEMINISM IS POLITICAL 63． GOND MAD! CAN'T YOU TAKE A JOKE
Great question! Thanks for checking! You're mistaken. I love jokes. I've got one for you ...
Knock, knock!
Who's there
Annie.
Annie who
Annie thing you can do I can do for 18.4% less pay!
Ha, ha, ha. But, jokes aside, political correctness gets a bad rap（恶评）, but all it really 64． is minority groups asking that they not feel marginalized and hurt by everyday conversation or the media. I love comedy - in fact it is one of my favourite things. But I'm afraid that jokes that offend women, people of colour, disabled people, trans people or others in the LGBTQ community just aren't 65． to me at all. Let's chat when you come up with some better material, preferably something that doesn't offend my friends!
I'M A MAN AND SOMETIMES I FEEL LIKE ALL THIS FEMINISM IS MAN-HATING. CAN MEN BE FEMINISTS
Great questions! I'm sorry that a(n) 66． of the feminist movement in the mainstream media has led you to feel this way. Of course men can be feminists.
The sad fact is that we've all been socialized from birth to accept sexism as a part of life and, as a result, women can actually be just as 67． as men. Institutionalized sexism hurts men as well as women. It tells men that they aren't allowed to show 68． , that they have to be successful and powerful in order to succeed, and that they aren't allowed to like the colour pink!
Feminism is the fight to 69． all these things and also to ensure that women are given fundamental human rights like education and reproductive freedom. Feminists truly believe that if we lived in a world without gender-based oppression, we'd all be so much happier. So even if you're only joining for purely 70． reasons, we'd love to have you as a part of the gang!
Quoted from Scarlett Curtis' Feminists Don't Wear Pink and Other Lies
56．A． irrational B． cultural C． spiritual D． political
57．A． fill B． manage C． access D． construct
58．A． complicated B． reassuring
C． unintelligible D． consistent
59．A． unknown B． embarrassing C． ultimate D． cruel
60．A． handy B． shape C． view D． force
61．A． equality B． battle
C． development D． definition
62．A． attached B． entitled C． restricted D． used
63．A． LIBERTY B． PERFORMANCE
C． CORRECTNESS D． SENSITIVITY
64．A． boils down to B． steers away from
C． takes advantage of D． puts up with
65．A． offensive B． silly C． flat D． funny
66．A． update B． misconception
C． interpretation D． milestone
67．A． tough B． realistic C． logical D． sexist
68．A． emotions B． ambitions
C． courage D． aggressiveness
69．A． promote B． embrace C． overcome D． cultivate
70．A． noble B． understandable
C． obvious D． selfish
【答案】56．D；57．A；58．C；59．B；60．A；61．A；62．B；63．C；64．A；65．D；66．B；67．D；68．D；69．C；70．D
【知识点】说明文；政治经济类；社会现象类；社会文化类；学习教育类
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了女权主义以及人们对女权主义的几个误解。
【点评】考查完形填空，首先通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺单词的含义，最后对选项进行区别，选出正确的那一项。做完后再通读一遍检查验证。
56．句意：如果你像我一样，这些对你政治信仰的调查只会让你口齿不清。 根据上文One of the first things that happens when you publicly declare yourself a feminist is that you start getting asked a lot of questions. 当你公开宣称自己是女权主义者时，首先发生的一件事就是你开始被问很多问题。 可知女权主义这是政治概念，你宣称你是女权主义者别人就会问你政治信仰；A： irrational非理性；B： cultural文化；C： spiritual精神；D： political 政治； 故答案为D。
57．句意：我读过的关于女权主义的书籍和学术论文足够装满一个相当大的图书馆，但当我被要求总结时，我就开始出汗，拼凑出几个听不懂的句子，然后大声喊出"因为碧昂斯"，跑去再拿一杯饮料。根据句意作者这里比喻自己读的关于女权主义的书很多， 可知她认为这些书可以装满一个大的图书管；A： fill填；B： manage管理；C： access接近，进入；D： construct 建造，修建； 故答案为A。
58．句意：我读过的关于女权主义的书籍和学术论文足够装满一个相当大的图书馆，但当我被要求总结时，我就开始出汗，拼凑出几个听不懂的句子，然后大声喊出"因为碧昂斯"，跑去再拿一杯饮料。根据句意作者虽然读书很多，但没有怎么真正理解， 可知她总结时拼出来的语句也是令人费解的，难以理解的；A： complicated复杂；B： reassuring放心；C： unintelligible难以理解；D： consistent始终如一的 ； 故答案为C。
59．句意：为了让你避免这种尴尬的命运，我整理了一些女权主义者的复出，我希望我当时就能想到。根据上文作者在演讲，总结时都遇到了尴尬的场景， 可知她为了帮你避免呢这样的尴尬场景；A： unknown未知的；B： embarrassing尴尬的；C： ultimate终极的；D： cruel残酷的 ； 故答案为B。
60．句意：因为它迟早会派上用场。根据上文 Rip out this page, keep it in your pocket and whip it out next time you're stuck with
a drunk man at a party. 把这张纸撕下来，放在口袋里，下次你在派对上遇到醉鬼的时候就把它拿出来。可知这样你随时用着方便，任何时候都可以派上用场；A： handy 有用，方便；B： shape形状；C： view观点，看法；D： force暴力，武力 ； 故答案为A。
61．句意： 这是我真正热衷的事情。女权主义是一项有几个世纪历史的争取两性平等的社会运动。根据标题，作者在解释女权主义， 可知女权主义要求男女应该都是平等的；A： equality平等；B： battle战斗；C： development发展；D： definition 定义； 故答案为A。
62．句意：跨部门女权主义者认为，所有人都享有同样的权利，他们为结束所有基于性别、性取向、肤色、种族、宗教或生活方式的歧视而斗争。根据上文作者继续解释平等包括享有与男性同样的权利， 可知作者还强调所有的人都享有同样的权利；A： attached隶属于……，附属的；B： entitled享有权利的；C： restricted有限的，受限制的；D： used 用过的，旧的； 故答案为B。
63．句意：这种女权主义是政治正确的疯子! 根据下文 But, jokes aside, political correctness gets a bad rap（恶评）, 但是，抛开笑话不谈，政治正确的名声很差，可知这里的标题是说女权主义只有在政治正确的情况下实现；A： LIBERTY自由；B： PERFORMANCE性能；C： CORRECTNESS正确性；D： SENSITIVITY灵敏度； 故答案C。
64．句意：但是，抛开笑话不谈，政治正确的名声很差，但归根结底，这是少数群体要求他们不要被日常对话或媒体边缘化和伤害。 根据句意 "但是，抛开笑话不谈，政治正确的名声很差" 可知作者在找政治正确的名声很差的原因，这些原因归根结底在于管理者上层；A： boils down to归根到底；B： steers away from远离；C： takes advantage of利用；D： puts up with忍受 ； 故答案为A。
65．句意：但我担心那些冒犯女性、有色人种、残疾人、跨性别者或其他LGBTQ群体的笑话对我来说一点都不好笑。根据下文 Let's chat
when you come up with some better material, preferably something that doesn't offend my friends!当你想到更好的素材时，我们再聊吧，最好是不会冒犯我朋友的 !可知作者讨厌冒犯别人，他认为冒犯别人一点也不有趣；A： offensive无礼的；B： silly愚蠢的；C： flat平淡的；D： funny有趣的 ； 故答案为D。
66．句意： 我很抱歉主流媒体对女权运动的误解导致了你的这种感觉。根据下文Of course men can be feminists. 男人当然可以成为女权主义者。可知作者认为是主流媒体的误解让人们因为只有女士才能成为女权主义者；A： update更新；B： misconception错误想法，误解；C： interpretation解释，理解；D： milestone里程碑，里程标 ； 故答案为B。
67．句意：可悲的事实是，我们从出生起就被社会化了，接受性别歧视是生活的一部分，因此，女性实际上和男性一样有性别歧视。根据句意"我们从出生起就被社会化了，接受性别歧视是生活的一部分" 可知男女都面临着性别歧视的问题；A： tough强硬的；B： realistic现实的；C： logical合情合理的；D： sexist性别歧视 ； 故答案为D。
68．句意：它告诉男人，他们不允许表现出侵略性，他们必须成功和强大才能成功，他们不允许喜欢粉红色!女权主义是克服所有这些问题的斗争，也是确保妇女获得教育和生育自由等基本人权的斗争。根据上文 Institutionalized sexism hurts men as well as women. 制度化的性别歧视对男性和女性都有伤害。可知这里强调制度对男性的约束，制度只会约束他们的攻击性，不会限制他们的勇气和情感的，也不会限制他们的抱负；A： emotions情感；B： ambitions抱负；C： courage勇气；D： aggressiveness 攻击性； 故答案为D。
69．句意：女权主义是克服所有这些问题的斗争，也是确保妇女获得教育和生育自由等基本人权的斗争。根据上文作者认为女权主义主要就是克服解决上面的问题， 可知女权主义就是克服以上问题的斗争；A： promote促进；B： embrace拥抱；C： overcome克服；D： cultivate培育 ； 故答案为C。
70．句意：所以，即使你只是出于纯粹的自私原因加入，我们也希望你能成为我们的一员! 根据上文Feminists truly believe that if we lived in a world without gender-based oppression, we'd all be so much happier. 女权主义者真的相信，如果我们生活在一个没有性别压迫的世界里，我们都会快乐得多。可知很多人加入女权主义行列主要抱着自私的目的；A： noble高尚；B： understandable可理解；C： obvious显而易见；D： selfish 自私； 故答案为D。
四、Reading Comprehension，Section A，Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（2023高二上·上海市月考）阅读理解
Harry woke at five o'clock the next morning and was too excited and nervous to go back to sleep. He got up and pulled on his jeans because he didn't want to walk into the station in his wizard's robes - he'd change on the train. He checked his Hogwarts list again to make sure he had everything he needed, saw that Hedwig was safely shut in her cage and paced the room, waiting for the Dursleys to get up. Two hours later, Harry's huge, heavy truck had been loaded into the Dursley's car, Aunt Petunia had talked Dudley into sitting next to Harry and they had set off.
They reached Kind's Cross at half past ten. Uncle Vernon dumped Harry's trunk on to a trolley and wheeling it into the station for him. Harry thought this was strangely kind until Uncle Vernon stopped dead, facing the platforms with a nasty grin on his face.
'Well, there you are, boy. Platform nine -- platform ten. Your platform should be somewhere in the middle, but they don't seem to have built it yet, do they '
He was quite right, of course. There was a big plastic number nine over one platform and a big plastic number ten over the one next to it, and in the middle, nothing at all.
'Have a good term,' said Uncle Vernon with an even nastier smile. He left without another word. Harry turned and saw the Dursleys drive away. All three of them were laughing. Harry's mouth went rather dry. What on earth was he going to do He was starting to attract a lot of funny looks, because of Hedwig. He'd have to ask someone.
He stopped a passing guard, but didn't dare mention platform nine and three-quarters. The guard had never heard of Hogwarts and when Harry couldn't even tell him what part of the country it was in, he started to get annoyed, as though Harry was being stupid on purpose. Getting desperate, Harry asked for the train that left at eleven o'clock, but the guard said there wasn't one. In the end the guard strode away, muttering about time-wasters. Harry was now trying hard not to panic. According to the large clock over the arrival boards, he had ten minutes left to get on the train to Hogwarts and he had no idea how to do it; he was stranded in the middle of a station with a trunk he could hardly lift, a pocket full of wizard money and a large owl.
Hagrid must have forgotten to tell him something you had to do, liking tapping the third brick on the left to get into Diagon Alley. He wondered if he should get out his wand and start tapping the ticket box between platforms nine and ten.
Quoted from JK. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
71．Harry woke up so early in the morning probably because he ____.
A．wanted to try on his new jeans
B．needed to put Hedwig back in her cage
C．was asked to get prepared beforehand
D．looked forward to his new life of Hogwarts
72．The word "panic" in the last but one paragraph might mean "____".
A．rage B．fear C．regret D．complain
73．What can be inferred from the passage
A．Uncle Vernon had always treated Harry kindly and cared very much for him.
B．Harry arrived at the train station an hour before the scheduled departure time.
C．The Dursleys were happy to get rid of Harry and see him stuck in embarrassment.
D．Harry completely forgot how to find the way to Platform nine and three-quarters.
【答案】71．D
72．B
73．C
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；故事阅读类；文学艺术类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了哈利赶火车时的遭遇。
【点评】考查阅读理解。涉及推理判断题，词义猜测题。解答推理判断题要根据原文中的信息与选项信息结合起来进行正确推断，得出答案；解答词义猜测题要根据文章的上下文并完全符合原文，不能主观臆断。
71．推理判断题。根据 Two hours later, Harry's huge, heavy truck had been loaded into the Dursley's car, Aunt Petunia had
talked Dudley into sitting next to Harry and they had set off. 两个小时后，哈利那辆又大又重的卡车装进了德思礼家的汽车，佩妮姨妈说服达力坐在哈利旁边，他们就出发了。可知他盼望着霍格沃茨的新生活； 故答案为D。
72．词义猜测题。根据下文 According to the large clock over the arrival boards, he had ten minutes left to get on the train to
Hogwarts and he had no idea how to do it; he was stranded in the middle of a station with a trunk he could hardly lift, a pocket full of wizard money and a large owl. 到站告示牌上的大钟显示，他还有十分钟就要登上去霍格沃茨的火车，但他不知道该怎么做。他被困在车站中央，带着一只他几乎提不起来的箱子、一口袋巫师的钱和一只大猫头鹰。可知哈利这是很害怕，畏惧，panic的意思为"害怕，恐慌"； 故答案为B。
73．推理判断题。根据 Harry turned and saw the Dursleys drive away. All three of them were laughing. 哈利转过身，看见德思礼一家开车走了。他们三个都在笑。 可知德思礼一家很高兴摆脱了哈利，看着他陷入尴尬的境地； 故答案为C。
（2023高二上·上海市月考）阅读理解
Have you ever heard someone describe themselves an an INTJ or an ESTP and wondered what those cryptic-sounding letters could mean What these people are referring to is their personality type based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI).
The Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator is a self-report inventory designed to identify a person's personality type, strengths, and preferences. The questionnaire was developed by Isabel Myers and her mother Katherine Briggs based on their work with Carl Jung's theory of personality types. Today, the MBTI inventory is one of the most widely used psychological instruments in the world.
Based on the answers to the questions, people are identified as having one of 16 personality types. No one personality type is "best" or "better" than another. It isn't a tool designed to look for dysfunction or abnormality. Instead, its goal is to allow people to further explore and understand their own personalities including their strengths, weaknesses, possible career preferences, and compatibility with other people. The questionnaire itself is made up of four different scales.
⒈Are you outwardly or inwardly focused Extraversion / Introversion
Extroverts are energized by people, enjoy a variety of masks, a quick pace, and good at multitasking while introverts often like working alone or in small groups, prefer a more deliberate pace, and like to focus on one task at a time.
⒉ How do you prefer to take in information Sensing / Intuition
Sensors are realistic people who like to focus on the facts and details, and apply common sense and past experience to figure out practical solutions to problems while intuitives prefer to focus on possibilities and the big picture, easily see patterns and dseek creative solutions to problem.
⒊How do you prefer to make decision Thinking / Feeling
Thinkers tend to make decisions using logical analysis, objectively weigh pros and cons, and value honesty, consistency, and fairness while feelers tend to be sensitive and cooperative, and decide based on their own personal values and how others will be affected by their actions.
⒋How do you prefer to live your outer life Judging / Perceiving
Judgers tend to be organized prepared, like to make and stick to plans, and are comfortable following most rules while perceivers prefer to keep their options open, like to be able to act spontaneously, and like to be flexible with making plans.
74．The purpose of MBTI is to help people ____ .
A．better understand their unique features
B．find a topic to socialize with others
C．easily put themselves in a fixed category
D．self-diagnose mental health issues
75．According to the passage, we can infer that ____.
A．Carl Jung is the co-founder of MBTI test
B．MBTI can be used in career planning
C．Some personality types are better than others
D．introverts may feel boosted at a party
76．Suppose Eric is an ISFP, his ideal occupation might be a(n) ____.
A．entrepreneur B．accountant C．programmer D．writer
77．This passage might be taken from a ____.
A．psychology textbook B．popular magazine
C．news release D．business report
【答案】74．A
75．B
76．D
77．B
【知识点】推理判断题；时文广告类；说明文；科普类；学习教育类；应用文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了迈尔斯-布里格斯人格类型指标。
【点评】考查阅读理解。涉及推理判断题。解答推理判断题要根据原文中的信息与选项信息结合起来进行正确推断，得出答案。
74．推理判断题。根据The Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator is a self-report inventory designed to identify a person's personality type, strengths, and preferences. 迈尔斯-布里格斯人格类型指标是一种自我报告量表，旨在确定一个人的人格类型、优势和偏好。可知通过MBTI更好地帮助人们了解他们的独特之处； 故答案为A。
75．推理判断题。根据 Instead, its goal is to allow people to further explore and understand their own personalities including their strengths, weaknesses, possible career preferences, and compatibility with other people. 相反，它的目标是让人们进一步探索和了解自己的个性，包括他们的优点、缺点、可能的职业偏好以及与其他人的兼容性。可知MBTI可以用于职业规划； 故答案为B。
76．推理判断题。根据Suppose Eric is an ISFP，他是内向的人introverts often like working alone or in small groups, prefer a more deliberate pace, and like to focus on one task at a time. 内向的人通常喜欢独自工作或在小组中工作，但他们更喜欢深思熟虑的节奏，喜欢一次只专注于一项任务。Sensors are realistic people who like to focus on the facts and details, and apply common sense and past experience to figure out practical solutions to problems他也是感知型的人，感知型是现实型的人，他们喜欢关注事实和细节，并运用常识和过去的经验来找出问题的实际解决方案。 feelers tend to be sensitive and cooperative, and decide based on their own personal values and how others will be affected by their actions. 感性者倾向于敏感和合作，根据自己的个人价值观和自己的行为对他人的影响来做决定。perceivers prefer to keep their options open, like to be able to act spontaneously, and like to be flexible with making plans. 感知者更喜欢保留他们的选择，喜欢能够自发地行动，喜欢灵活地制定计划。可知Eric 适合当作家； 故答案为D。
77．推理判断题。根据这是一篇关于迈尔斯-布里格斯人格类型指标的介绍，向大众宣传根据问题自我测试，然后根据测试结果可以找自己的工作， 可知这篇文章应该来源于大众杂志； 故答案为B。
（2023高二上·上海市月考）阅读理解
We all know the importance of education. Everyone aspires to have a good one, but its quality and availability is not the same for all. This situation changes as social, economic and political conditions change and technological development provides new benefits and threats.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which promotes policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world, has been looking at the future of global education. Its head of education, Andreas Schleicher, has been talking about some major international trends affecting education systems around the world.
One threat is the widening wealth gap, with more intense pockets of extreme privilege and deprivation. In OECD countries, the richest 10% have incomes 10 times greater than the poorest 10%. This inequality is a challenge for schools aimed to offer everyone equal access to education.
Another trend is the rising affluence in Asia. It's suggested that a large rise in the middle-classes in China and India will increase demand for university places. Andreas Schleicher asks the question "What values will these newly wealthy consumers want from their schools "
Increasing migration will also have an impact on education systems. Mobility results in more culturally diverse students eager to learn and develop a good life for themselves. But that can be a challenge, too, as Andreas Schleicher asks: "How should schools support pupils arriving from around the world Will schools have a bigger role in teaching about shared values "
Funding pressure is another issue: as our demand and expectation for education rises and more people go to university, who's going to pay for it all The rise in dependency on technology is another concern. What should students learn when many of their talents can be replicated by machines And how reliant should we be on learning from the internet
These are just some of the issues the OECD is highlighting. But they remain irrelevant for hundreds of millions of the world's poorest children who don't even have access to school places or receive such low-quality education that they leave without the most basic literacy or numeracy.
78．The OECD aims to ____.
A．offer access to education for poor children in developing states
B．strike the imbalance between education equality and economic development
C．promote the economic and social welfare of people worldwide
D．eliminate the threat of the widening gap between rich and poor
79．Which statement is INCORRECT in accordance with the passage
A．The richest 10% earn much more than the poorest 10%
B．The technological development contributes to the trends in education.
C．There is growing demand for better education in China and India.
D．With efforts of OECD, more benefits are given to the privileged.
80．____ will increase the rise in culturally diverse students in a school classroom.
A．Adequate funding B．Growing migration
C．Social changes D．Political support
81．The passage is entitled ____.
A．OECD's Threats to Education Systems
B．Challenges to Promote Global Education
C．Megatrends in Global Education
D．The Rising Demand for Elite Education
【答案】78．C
79．D
80．B
81．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；政治经济类；社会现象类；学习教育类；标题选择
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了促进全球教育的挑战。
【点评】考查阅读理解。涉及推理判断题，细节理解题和主旨大意题。解答推理判断题要根据原文中的信息与选项信息结合起来进行正确推断，得出答案；解答细节理解题要完全符合原文，不能主观臆断；解答主旨大意题时需要根据文章的结构和选项来判断出正确答案。
78．细节理解题。根据The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which promotes policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world, has been looking at the future of global education. 经济合作与发展组织(OECD)一直在关注全球教育的未来，该组织致力于推动改善全球人民经济和社会福祉的政策。可知 经济合作与发展组织的目的就是促进全世界人民的经济和社会福利； 故答案为C。
79．细节理解题。根据 In OECD countries, the richest 10% have incomes 10 times greater than the poorest 10%. This
inequality is a challenge for schools aimed to offer everyone equal access to education. 在经合组织国家，最富有的10%的人的收入是最贫穷的10%的人的收入的10倍。这种不平等对旨在为每个人提供平等受教育机会的学校来说是一个挑战。可知"在经合组织的努力下，特权阶层得到了更多的好处"的说法是错误的文章里没有出现； 故答案为D。
80．推理判断题。根据 ncreasing migration will also have an impact on education systems. Mobility results in more culturally
diverse students eager to learn and develop a good life for themselves. 不断增加的移民也将对教育系统产生影响。流动性导致更多的多元文化的学生渴望学习和发展自己的美好生活。可知越来越多的移民将增加学校教室中多元文化学生的数量； 故答案为B。
81．主旨大意题。根据文章的结构：分总，最后一段为中心段落。These are just some of the issues the OECD is highlighting. But
they remain irrelevant for hundreds of millions of the world's poorest children who don't even have access to school places or receive such low-quality education that they leave without the most basic literacy or numeracy. 这些只是经合组织强调的一些问题。但是，对于世界上数以亿计的最贫困儿童来说，它们仍然无关紧要。这些儿童甚至没有上学的机会，或者接受的教育质量很低，以至于他们离开学校时没有最基本的识字或计算能力。可知这篇文章主要讲促进全球教育的挑战； 故答案为B。
五、Reading Comprehension，Section C，Directions: In the article, 4 sentences have been removed. Choose the most suitable ones from the list A-AC to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are TWO which do not fit in any of the gaps.
（2023高二上·上海市月考）阅读还原
A. But to live a life with the fate of death haunting one's dreams makes a huge difference. B. He is a creator with a mind that soars out the speculate about atoms and infinity. C. Man's body was a curse of fate and culture was built upon repression not because he was a seeker of pleasure, but because he was primarily an avoider of death. D. Yet at the same time, man is a worm and food for worms. AB. Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. AC. It was something that had to go right to his core, something that made him suffer his peculiar fate, that made it impossible to escape.
Man's Existential Dilemma
We always knew that there was something peculiar about man, something deep down that characterized him and set him apart from the other animals. 　82． 　 For ages, when philosophers talked about the the core of man they referred to it as his "essence," something fixed in his nature, deep down, some special quality or substance. But nothing like it was ever found and man's peculiarity still remained a dilemma. The reason it was never found, as Erich Fromm（艾瑞克·弗洛姆，精神分析心理学家和人本主义哲学家）put it in an excellent discussion, was that there was no essence, that the essence of man is really his paradoxical（悖论的）nature, the fact that he is half animal and half symbolic.
We might call this existential paradox the condition of individuality within finitude（有限性）. Man has a symbolic identity that brings him sharply out of nature. He is a symbolic self, a creature with a name, a life history. 　83． 　 He can place himself imaginatively at a point in space and contemplate bemusedly his own planet. This immerse expansion, this competence, this self-consciousness gives to man almost the status a small god in nature.
　84． 　 This is the paradox: he is out of nature and hopelessly in it: he is dual, up in the stars' and yet housed in a heart-pumping, breath-gasping body that once belonged to a fish and still carries the gill-marks to prove it. His body is a material fleshy casing that is alien to him in many ways -- the strangest and most unpleasant way being that is aches and bleeds and will decay and die. Man is literally split in two: he has an awareness of his own splendid uniqueness in that he sticks out of nature with a towering majesty, and yet he goes back into the ground a few feet in order blindly and dumbly to rot and disappear forever.
The lower animals are, of course, spared this painful contradiction, as they lack a symbolic identity and the self-consciousness that goes with it. They merely act and move reflexively as they are driven by their instincts. They live in a world without time, pulsating, as it were, in a state of dumb beings. This is what has made it so simple to shoot down whole herds of buffalo or elephants. The animals don't know that death is happening and continue gazing while others drop alongside them. The knowledge of death is reflective and conceptual, and animals are spared it. They live and they disappear with the same thoughtlessness: a few minutes of fear, a few seconds of anguish, and it is over. 　85． 　
Quoted from Ernest Becker's The Denial of Death
【答案】82．AC；83．B；84．D；85．A
【知识点】社会现象类；社会历史类；学习教育类；议论文
【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。论述了人类的生存困境。
【点评】考查任务型阅读，属于六选四，解题关键在看懂文章，注意上下文的提示词或重复的关键词，认真阅读选项，选出恰当的答案，最后再通读全文进行检查。
82．根据上文We always knew that there was something peculiar about man, something deep down that characterized him and set him apart from the other animals. 我们一直都知道，人类身上有某种特殊的东西，某种内在的东西使他成为人类的特征，使他与其他动物区别开来。以及下文For ages, when philosophers talked about the the core of man they referred to it as his "essence," something fixed in his nature, deep down, some special quality or substance. But nothing like it was ever found and man's peculiarity still remained a dilemma. 长久以来，当哲学家们谈论人的核心时，他们把它称为人的"本质"，某种固定在他本性深处的东西，某种特殊的品质或物质。可知空白处需要解释这种人区别于动物的本质特征是什么； 选项AC. It was something
that had to go right to his core, something that made him suffer his peculiar fate, that made it impossible to escape. 这是一种必须直击他内心深处的东西，一种使他遭受这种特殊命运的东西，一种使他无法逃脱的东西。符合题意； 故答案为AC。
83．根据上文Man has a symbolic identity that brings him sharply out of nature. He is a symbolic self, a creature with a name, a life history. 人有一种象征性的身份，使他与自然截然不同。他是一个象征性的自我，一个有名字，有生活史的生物。以及下文He can place himself imaginatively at a point in space and contemplate bemusedly his own planet. 他可以想象自己置身于太空中的某一点，沉思着自己的星球。可知空白处需要过渡句：他具有丰富的想象力，他的思想不只局限于生活的地球； 选项B. He is
a creator with a mind that soars out the speculate about atoms and infinity.他是一个创造者，他的思想超越了对原子和无限的推测。符合题意； 故答案为B。
84．根据 下文Man is literally split in two: he has an awareness of his own splendid uniqueness in that he sticks out of nature with a towering majesty, and yet he goes back into the ground a few feet in order blindly and dumbly to rot and disappear forever. 人实际上是一分为二的:他意识到自己辉煌的独特性，因为他以高耸的威严从大自然中伸出来，然而他又回到地下几英尺，盲目地、沉默地腐烂，永远消失。可知这一段的主题句需要讲我们人类具有双重性：伟大和渺小，先进和落后； 选项D. Yet at the same
time, man is a worm and food for worms.然而与此同时，人又是一条蠕虫，又是蠕虫的食物。符合题意； 故答案为D。
85．根据上文 The animals don't know that death is happening and continue gazing while others drop alongside them. The knowledge of death is reflective and conceptual, and animals are spared it. They live and they disappear with the same thoughtlessness: a few minutes of fear, a few seconds of anguish, and it is over. 动物们不知道死亡正在发生，它们继续凝视着，而其他动物则在它们身边倒下。对死亡的认识是反思和概念性的，而动物则幸免于此。他们以同样轻率的方式活着，然后消失:几分钟的恐惧，几秒钟的痛苦，一切就结束了。可知空白处需要结论：人类面对死亡就不会像动物那样轻率，他们对待死亡完全不同的； 选项A. But to live a life with the fate of death haunting one's dreams makes a huge difference.但是，如果一个人的生活中有死亡的命运萦绕在他的梦中，那就会有很大的不同。符合题意； 故答案为A。
六、Translation ，Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
86．（2023高二上·上海市月考） 在一个快乐往往与消费紧密结合的世界里，人们很难不对物件产生过度的依恋。(integrate; attachment)
【答案】In a world where happiness is often closely integrated with consumption, it is diffic