牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Reading知识点学案（含答案）

B3U4 Welcome to the unit & Reading 学案
重点词汇诠释
1 intend vt.& vi.打算，计划，想要
(1)intend doing sth./to do sth. 打算/想要做某事
(2)intend sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
(3)intention n. [C，U]意图
with the intention of... 打算……
(4)intended adj. 打算的，计划的，意欲达到的；为……打算(或设计)的
be intended for...(＝be meant for...)
是为……打算(或设计)的
be intended to do sth. 打算做某事，旨在做某事
Mr White is back home now and intends to write a book about his adventure.
怀特先生现在回家了，打算写一本关于他的奇遇的书。
He intends his son to take over his business.
他打算让他的儿子接管他的生意。
They went into town with the intention of visiting the library.
他们进了城，打算参观图书馆。
These rooms are intended for group discussion and seminars.
这些房间用于小组讨论和研讨会。
单句语法填空/完成句子
①I don't intend anyone ________ (see) the painting until it is finished.
②Everything they do is intended ________ (improve) the living standards.
③This programme was set up with the ________ (intend) of providing help for homeless people.
④他们本来打算帮忙，但是没能及时到达那里。
They __________________________ but couldn't get there in time.
2 refer to查阅，参考；描述，与……相关，涉及；说及，谈到，说起
refer to... as... 　　　　　　　　　　　将……称为……
You can refer to my notes if you review what you have studied. 你如果复习你所学功课的话，可以参考我的笔记。
This paragraph refers to the events of last year.
这一段说的是去年发生的事。
What I have to say refers to all of you.
我要说的话关系到你们所有人。
You know who I'm referring to. 你知道我说的是谁。
The book referred to by the psychologist can teach you how to find what is causing pressure in your life.
那位心理学家提到的那本书可以教你如何找出在你的生活中引起压力的东西。
People refer to Wuyuan as the most beautiful village in China.
人们把婺源称为中国最美丽的乡村。
　判断下列句子中refer to的含义/结合refer to和look up的相关用法完成句子
①Study skills refer to behaviours that lead to academic success.________________
②In all walks of life, when referring to someone's success, we often use the words “efforts and determination”．________________
③He referred to a history book to find out when the French Revolution broke out.________________
④怀特教授在会上提到的那封信是他父亲写的。
The letter ________________ at the meeting by Professor White is written by his father.
⑤阿姆斯特丹因其便利的桥梁和运河系统，常被称为“北方的威尼斯”。
Amsterdam is often __________________________ the “Venice of the North” due to its convenient system of bridges and canals.
3 limited adj.有限的
(1)limit vt. 限制，限定
n. [C]限度，限制；界限，范围
limit...to... 把……限制在……内(其被动形式为be limited to...)
without limit　　无限地，无限制地
within limits 在一定范围内，适度地；有限度地
set a limit on... 对……作出限制
There is a/no limit to... ……是有/无限度的。(to是介词)
(2)unlimited adj. 尽量多的，任意多的，无限制的
limitless adj. 无限制的，无界限的，无止境的
limitation n. [U]限制，控制；[C，usually pl.]局限，限度
Just like a sea voyage, our life journey, whose days are limited, is full of difficulties and surprises.
正像一次海上航行，我们有限的生命旅程充满了困难和惊喜。
They may only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.
他们可能只有有限的时间来阐述清楚他们的观点。
The teaching of history should not be limited to dates and figures. 教授历史不应该局限于讲年代和人物。
There's no limit to what you can do if you try.
如果你努力的话，成就无可限量。
特别提示
与limit搭配的“to”为介词，后跟名词、动名词。
即学即练　用limit的适当形式填空/结合limit的用法完成句子
①When people live on a very ________ diet, it is necessary to make a special effort to supply the missing vitamins.
②The knowledge of the children is ________，but their imagination is ________.
③在我看来，你们最好给这次旅行的费用定一个限度。
In my opinion, you had better __________________________the expense of this trip.
④生命是有限的，但学习是无限的。
Life is limited，but there is ______________________________．
4 postpone vt.延迟，延期
(1)postpone sth. (to/until...) 推迟……(到……)
(2)postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事
We'll have to postpone the meeting until/to next week.
我们不得不把会议推迟到下星期。
Let's postpone making a decision until we have more information.
我们等有更多信息之后再做决定吧。
单句语法填空
①He decided to postpone ________ (buy) the house because his mother was ill, which cost him a lot of money.
②The heavy rain lasted for about a week so that the sports meeting had to ________ (postpone) until the next month.
5 speed up(使)加速
(1)speed vi. 快速前行
　 　vt. 加速，促进
speed by (时间)飞快地过去
(2)speed n. [C，U]速度；[U]快，迅速
at low/high/full/top speed 以低/高/全/最高速
at a/the speed of... 以……的速度
pick up speed 加快速度
at speed 迅速
Nancy, if you don't speed up, we'll be there at midnight.
南希，如果你不加快速度，我们将会半夜才到那儿。
Facing such a good opportunity, we must speed up production.
面对这么好的机会，我们必须加速生产。
Time always speeds by when you're having a good time.
快乐的时光总是过得飞快。
The train is travelling at a speed of eighty miles an hour.
火车正以每小时80英里的速度行进。
He is driving at high speed. 他正开车高速行驶。
　单句语法填空/结合speed的用法完成句子
①To speed ________ the flow of traffic, the government of our city has decided to broaden some main streets.
②那辆小汽车以每小时100千米的速度行驶。
The car ran ________________________________ 100 kilometres per hour.
③急刹车会是非常吓人的经历，特别是你正在高速行进的时候。
Bringing your car to a sudden stop can be a very frightening experience，especially when you are travelling ________________________________________________．
④我们如果想及时到达那里，最好加快速度。
We'd better ________________________________________ if we want to get there in time.
6 pay off取得成功，奏效；付清，偿清
pay back 还钱
pay for... 支付……的钱，为……付出代价
With the help of a lot of people, our plan paid off.
在很多人的帮助下，我们的计划成功了。
All his efforts have paid off and his dream has come true.
他所有的努力都得到了回报，他的梦想实现了。
The poor couple worked hard day and night in order to pay off their debts. 这对可怜的夫妇日夜努力工作以偿清债务。
　结合pay的相关短语完成句子
①Our teachers often tell us that every minute we spend on study will finally ________ in the near future.
②J. K. Rowling spent many hours in a warm cafe because she had no money to ________ the heating at home.
7 conduct vt.实施，执行；安排；带领；举行，表现　vi.& vt.指挥(歌唱或音乐演奏)
n．[U]行为，举止；管理方法
(1)conduct a survey/an experiment/an interview
进行调查/实验/面试
(2)conduct oneself well/badly (行为)表现好/差
(3)conductor n. [C](乐队等的)指挥；(公共汽车的)售票员；列车长；导体
The government conducted a survey to find out local reaction to the sports centre.
政府进行了一次调查，以了解当地人对体育中心的反应。
On the second day of this journey, the guide conducted us around the West Lake.
在这次旅行的第二天，导游带领我们游览了西湖。
Child as he is, he really conducts himself well before guests.
他虽然还是个孩子，但在客人面前表现得很好。
The concert conducted by Andrew turned out to be very successful. 安德鲁指挥的那场音乐会很成功。
His conduct disagrees with his words.他言行不一。
His conduct of the business was very successful.
他经商非常成功。
选出能替换下列句子中画线部分的词语/完成句子
①Using AI, many companies are now conducting experiments that couldn't have been possible just a few years ago. (performing/describing)________________
②My friend conducted us around the oldest museum in the country. (led/invited)________________
③I'm glad to see your conduct at school improved. (operation/behaviour)________________
④我们正在进行一项调查，以了解顾客对当地公共汽车服务系统的看法。
We are __________________________________________ to find out what customers think of the local bus service.
重点句型解构
1 (教材原句)Even with large amounts of qinghao extract produced, however, they still faced another problem.然而，即使生产了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另一个问题。
[句式分析]　本句为简单句。with... produced为“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，在句中作状语。
[考点提炼]　“with＋宾语(名词/代词)＋过去分词”结构
此结构为with复合结构的一种，其中过去分词(短语)表示被动或动作已完成。
All afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。(the door与lock是逻辑上的动宾关系)
With his hair cut, he looked much younger. 由于理了发，他看起来年轻多了。(hair与cut是逻辑上的动宾关系)
[归纳拓展]　with复合结构的其他形式：
with复合结构在句中通常作状语，表示伴随、方式、原因或条件等。该结构常见的其他形式有：
(1)with＋宾语＋形容词/副词
In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open.
在夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。
She left the room with all the lights on.
她离开了房间，所有的灯还亮着。
(2)with＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动、动作正在进行)。注意不能用现在分词的完成式。
She fell asleep with the light burning.
她睡着了，灯还亮着。
(3)with＋宾语＋动词不定式
She knew that with him to help her, she could and would succeed. 她知道，有他帮忙，她能够而且会成功。
(4)with＋宾语＋介词短语(表示宾语所处的状态)
Don't stand with your hands in your pockets.
站着的时候不要把你的双手插在口袋里。
单句语法填空/写作升级(with复合结构)
①The problem of phone addiction (瘾) has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists ________ (try) to increase awareness of this problem.
②With so many problems ________ (discuss), we decided to hold another meeting as soon as possible.
③With the virus ________ (spread) rapidly in this region, a large amount of equipment as well as medical experts from abroad has been sent here so far.
④But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills ________ (attach) to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”
⑤The boy led the way and we found the house easily.
→__________________________， we found the house easily.
⑥There is an exam to take tomorrow, so I can't go to the cinema tonight.
→____________________ tomorrow, I can't go to the cinema tonight.
⑦As all the work was finished, he went home happily.
→__________________________， he went home happily.
2 (教材原句)The trials on patients were likely to be postponed because they did not have sufficient safety data. 在患者身上进行的试验可能会被推迟，因为他们没有足够的安全数据。
[句式分析]　本句为“sb. is likely to do sth.”(某人有可能做某事)的变异形式。
辨：可能性大小：probable>likely>possible
Sb./Sth. be possible to do sth.(×)
Sb./Sth. be probable to do sth.(×)
It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.(√)
It is likely/possible/probable that...(√)
“likely”的主语既可以是人，也可以是物，还可以是形式主语it；而possible, probable通常只能用it作形式主语
单句语法填空
①These developments are likely ________ (make) our current problems with robocalls much worse.
②Mom and pop carmakers are unlikely ________(beat) the biggest car companies.
③Women who drank a lot of coffee were more likely ________ (have) children with birth defects.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．They have been ________ (彻底的，完全的) enemies ever since the experiment proved a failure.
2．The ceremony in this province is a ________ (幸存的事物) from pre Christian times.
3．The thunderstorm bringing great loss was in several ________ (省份) along the Yangtze River.
4．She took a ________ (广泛的) view of the duties of being a politician.
5．She was ________ (想要，计划) to play a leading role in the space exploration.
6．What's her ________ (方法，秘诀) for selling household appliances
7．I didn't follow a recipe book so it was an ________ (尝试，实践)．
8．Limited by experiment devices, we should have the machine on ________ (实验，试用) for another week.
9．Water resource is vital to humans' survival and development, and it's ________ (有限的)．
10．He decided to ________ (推迟) the lecture until the following day.
11．He had ________ (充分的) data for the research.
12．The ________ (数据) also showed that eating dark chocolate may exert additional beneficial effects throughout the whole body.
13．I explore the black color differently, not as a ________(纯粹的) color, but as the existence of shadow.
14．He continues to ________ (开讲座), conduct research, teach and publish scientific papers.
15.They are happy to discuss and ________ (探索) multiple possibilities and are keen to challenge conventional wisdom.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Some households are addicted to the new TV program about ________(survive) in the wild.
2．Peter had intended ________(take) a job in business, but abandoned that plan by accident for an unpleasant experience in Canada in 2020.
3．Can you tell us your recipe ________ the theory study
4．When I am faced with difficulties in illustrating the specific theory, I usually choose to refer ________ web pages.
5．“The Thinking Laboratory” refers to a workshop in which the kids carry out ________(experiment)．
6．To lose weight, he intends to limit himself ________ three cups of milk and several fruits a day.
7．It was an unpopular decision to postpone ________ (build) the new hospital in this province.
8．She recovered ________ (sufficient) to accompany Chou on his tour of Jiangsu Province.
9．Bill Robinson will first be put ________ trial for murder, based on the sufficient data.
10．The cobra, containing deadly poison, is one of the world's ________ (deadly) snakes.
11．As to the tradition, Hindus usually ________ (pure) themselves by bathing in the river Ganges.
12．We are going to listen to a lecture ________ the space exploration this afternoon.
13．He was always putting forward many creative ideas for us to explore instead of standing in front of us ________ (lecture) for a period.
14．Mr. Sand always encouraged us ________ (explore) the evolution of the animals.
15．When humans are in times of disaster, they always show the ________ (wise) to stay positive and the intelligence to rebuild for a brighter future.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．由于在日常烹调中使用草药，那位老太太比她所有的兄弟姐妹多活了10年。(survive sb. by)
The old lady has _________________________________________
ten years for using herbs in daily cookery.
2．他已下定决心要他的儿子管理作坊。(intend sb. to do sth.)
He has made up his mind to ____________________________ manage the workshop.
3．如果你想做关于电现象的实验，你想用什么材料呢？(experiment with)
________________________________，what materials would you use
4．他很可能会在下周的演讲中出现。(Sb./Sth. is likely to do sth.)
________________________________ in the lecture next week.
5．直到那时，我才意识到他们的婚姻正在破裂，因为他们没有什么共同之处。(It was not until...that...)
________________________________ I realized their marriage was breaking up because they had little in common.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Because of her contribution to the fight against malaria, Tu Youyou has become the first female Chinese scientist 1.________ (receive) a Nobel Prize.
Born in 1930, in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, Tu 2.________ (study) medicine at university in Beijing and acquired a broad knowledge of both Chinese and Western medicine. In 1969 she became head of a team that intended to find a cure 3.________ malaria. 4.________ (inspire) by a 1，700 year old text about preparing qinghao with cold water, she tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its 5.________ (effect) part. She finally succeeded in making a qinghao extract that could treat malaria in mice. 6.________， the trials on real patients were likely to 7.________ (postpone) because they did not have sufficient data. To speed up the process and ensure its 8.________ (safe), Tu and her team volunteered to test the qinghao extract on themselves first.
The efforts of Tu and her team finally paid off. In November 1972, they successfully isolated the most effective part of 9.________ extract and named it qinghaosu, 10.________ is now a key part of many malaria medicines. Tu encouraged scientists to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine and raise it to a higher level.
B3U4　Welcome to the unit & Reading 学案
重点词汇诠释
1．①to see　②to improve　③intention　④had intended/planned to help
2．①涉及　②提到　③查阅　④referred to　⑤referred to as
3．①limited　②limited; limitless　③set a limit on　④no limit to learning
4．①buying　②be postponed
5．①up　②at a speed of　③at high speed　④speed up
6．①pay off　②pay for
7．①performing　②led　③behaviour　④conducting/doing a survey
重点句型解构
1．①trying　②to discuss　③spreading　④attached　⑤With the boy leading the way　⑥With an exam to take　⑦With all the work finished
2．①to make　②to beat　③to have
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．deadly　2.survival　3.provinces　4.broad　5.intended　6.recipe　7.experiment　8.trial　9.limited　10.postpone　11.sufficient　12.data　13.pure　14.lecture　15.explore
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．survival　2.to take　3.for　4.to　5.experiments　6.to　7.building　8.sufficiently　9.on　10.deadliest　11.purify　12.on/about　13.lecturing　14.to explore　15.wisdom
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．survived all her sisters and brothers by
2．intend his son to
3．If you want to experiment with electricity
4．He is likely to appear
5．It was not until then that
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
1．to receive　2.studied　3.for　4.Inspired　5.effective
6．However　7.be postponed　8.safety　9.the　10.which