Unit 1 What's the matter?Section B 知识点2023-2024学年人教版八年级英语下册（无答案）

Unit 1 Section B知识点
Section B(1a--1d)
Run it under water.在水下冲洗它。
run的词义
①跑；奔跑 e.g. He is running on the playground.
②使水流在（某物）之上 e.g. He is running his hands under the tap.
③管理；经营e.g. He runs a small restaurant in our town.
④行驶 e.g. The No.2 bus is running to the city.
⑤操作；运转e.g. Can you tell me how to run the machine？
格言谚语 Either you run the day or the day runs you.要么你主宰生活，要么让生活主宰你。 All rivers run into the sea. 百川归大海。
Press the sides of your nose.按压你鼻子两侧。
Put your head down.把头低下。
Someone felt sick.有人生病了。(feel--felt)
sick(adj.)①生病的；有病的 作定语，修饰名词。Yesterday I went to see my sick aunt in town.
作表语，放在系动词be 或feel 之后，相当于ill(常作表语，通常不做定语）.
He didn’t go to school because he was sick/ ill yesterday.
②恶心的 I feel a little sick so I want to get off the bus.
Someone had a nosebleed.有人流鼻血了。 have a nosebleed 流鼻血
Someone got hit on the head.有人头部受到撞击。
get hit+介词+the +身体部位 表示（某个）身体部位受到撞击
tell him to rest告诉他去休息（tell sb. to do sth./ tell sb. not to do sth.）
Section B （2a-2e）
Have problems breathing呼吸困难
①have problems/ trouble/ difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难/问题
e.g.天黑之前我们到达那个山村有困难。
We ________ ________ _________ _______ the mountain village before dark.
②breathe(v.) 呼吸 breathe the fresh air呼吸新鲜空气
breath(n.) 呼吸 hold one’s breath屏住呼吸 out of breath上气不接下气 take a deep breath深呼吸
get hit by a ball 被球击中 3. get sunburned 晒伤
4. Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing.
阿伦.罗尔斯顿是一位对登山感兴趣的美国人。
①. an American man who is interested in mountain climbing 一个对登山感兴趣的美国人
此处who is interested in mountain climbing是定语从句，修饰先行词an American man, who是关系代词
e.g Bob是一个在弹钢琴上有天赋的男孩。
Bob is a boy ________ ________ ________ ________ _________ the piano.
②be interested in 对…感兴趣，侧重状态，其后接名词（短语）、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。become interested in意为“对…产生兴趣”，侧重动作.
e.g. 越来越多的外国人对中国茶文化感兴趣
_______ _______ _______ foreigners _______ ________ ______ China’s tea culture.
As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. 作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。
①be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事……
used to do sth. 过去经常做某事(只用于过去式)
be used to do sth./ for doing sth. 被用于做某事
e.g. 她习惯喝加蜂蜜的热茶。 She _______ _______ ________ _______ hot tea with honey..
刀子是用来切东西的。Knives _______ ________ ________ _________ things..
他过去是一名工人，但现在是一名钢琴家。
He _______ ________ ________ a worker, but now he is a pianist.
②risk(n.)危险；风险 take a risk/ risks 冒险 the risk of …...的风险
v. 冒险，其后可接名词（短语）、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语
risk doing sth.冒险做某事 risk one’s life to do sth.冒着生命危险做某事
超重会增加心脏病的风险，你最好多锻炼。
Being overweight can increase _____ _____ _____ ________ a heart problem. You’d better exercise more.
他昨天冒着生命危险去救这个孩子。
He ________ _______ _______ ________ _________ the children yesterday.
There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents.
有好多次，阿伦差点儿因为意外丢点生命。
此句中有一个由when引导的定语从句, when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents 修饰前面的名词times.
①lose (lost）one’s life 失去某人的生命 lose one’s way 迷路 get lost 丢失，迷路
②because of 由于后接 名词、代词或名词短语 because 因为，后面接句子
e.g. 人们喜欢那个人因为他秉性善良。
People like the man ________ _______ his kind nature.
那个男孩不高兴因为他没有朋友。
The boy is not happy _________ ________ ________ _________ _________.
find(found) himself in a very dangerous situation 发现自己处于非常危险的境地中
a 360-kilo rock 一块360公斤重的岩石 an eight-year-old boy 一个八岁的男孩
by oneself 单独， 独自 learn by oneself = teach oneself 自学
free his arm 使他的胳膊挣脱出来
free adj.自由的、空闲的、免费的 (freedom n.) v. 释放，使自由，使摆脱
But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 但当他的水喝完时，他知道他必须要做点儿事情拯救自己了。
① run out & run out of
◆run out表示“(某物)用完，不多了”，相当于不及物动词，后面不能接宾语。主语通常是时间、食物、金钱等。如： Last week, my money ran out.
◆run out of表示“用完(某物)”，相当于及物动词，后面需加宾语。主语通常是人。
如：We ran out of milk and bread yesterday.
e.g.他的钱经常在月底前花完。
His money often _________ ________ before the end of the month.
=He often _______ ________ _______ his money before the end of the month.
②save one’s life 挽救某人的生命 save water/ money 节约水/ 存钱
He was not ready to die that day.他不想那天就死去。
be ready to do sth. 愿意做某事，准备好做某事 be/ get ready for sth.为...做好准备
e.g.他总是乐于助人。He _______ _________ _______ ________ help others.
同学们正在为运动会做准备。The students _______ ________ _______ _______ the sports meeting.
He used his knife to cut off half his right arm. 他用刀切断了他的半条右臂。
①use sth. to do sth.= use sth. for doing sth. 用某物做某事
②knife（pl.）knives wife(妻子) leaf(叶子) wolf(狼) thief(小偷) life(生命) shelf(架子）
③cut 构成的词组 cut down砍倒 cut off切除，切断 cut up切碎 cut out 删掉cut …in half 把…切成两半
Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.
然后，他用左臂给自己帮上绷带，这样不至于失血过多。
so that 以便，为了,后接句子==in order that so...that 如此...以至于
lose too much blood 失太多的血 blood (n.)血 bleed(v.) 流血,失血
a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place.一本叫做生死两难的书
a book called … 一本叫做…的书 a boy called/ named Tom 一个叫做汤姆的男孩
This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.它的意思是处于一个你似乎无法摆脱的困境中。
①mean (v.) 意思是，打算；意欲 meant（过去式）meaning(n.)含义；意思
meaningful(adj.)有意义的 meaningless(adj.)毫无意义的；意思不明确的
“意味着”，后接名词、代词或v.-ing mean doing sth.意味着做某事
e.g. 当一名登山者意味着冒险。 To be a climber ________ _________ __________.
打算；意欲 mean to do sth. 打算做某事
e.g. 我打算和他谈谈这件事。I ______ _______ _______ with him about it.
②get out of 离开；从...出来 get out of trouble 摆脱困境
In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of one’s life.
在这本书里，阿伦讲述了正确抉择和掌控自己命运的重要性。
①the importance of (doing) sth. (做)某事的重要性 important adj.
e.g. 他直到考试不及格才意识到努力学习的重要性。
He didn’t realize ________ ________ ________ ______ _______ _______ he failed the exam.
②decision (n.) 决定， 抉择 make a decision/decisions做决定 decide（v.）决定
make a decision/ decisions to do sth. =decide to do sth. 决定做某事
e.g. 让我自己做决定。 Let me ________ ________ _________.
我决定长大后当一名医生。I _______ _______ ______ ______ ______ a doctor when I grow up.
③control n.& v. 限制；约束； 管理 be in control of 管理；掌控
e.g. 老师必须掌控自己的课堂。A teacher must _______ _______ ________ _______ his class.
be under control 在控制之下 be out of control 失去控制
e.g. 那辆卡车突然失去了控制。 The truck was _______ ________ ________ suddenly.
His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.
他对爬山的热爱如此强烈以至于即使在这次经历后他仍继续爬山。
① so…that 如此…以至于, 常用来引导结果状语从句，其中so是副词，后面使用形容词或副词的原级。
e.g. 那部电影如此感人以至于许多人禁不住哭起来。
The movie was _______ _______ _________ many people ________ ________ ________.
② keep on doing sth. 继续做某事 keep doing sth. 一直做某事
keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
e.g. 一直走直到你到达路的尽头。 ________ ________ ________ you reach the end of the road.
不要让你妈妈一直等着。 Don’t ________ your mother ________.
你应该阻止他看动画片。 You should ________ _______ _______ ________ cartoons.
have to make a decision that could mean life or death.不得不做出可能意味着生死的决定
death(n.)死；死亡 die(v.)死 died(过去式) dying(现在分词) dead(adj.)死的 dying(adj.)垂死的
①The _________ of her father made her very sad. ②His grandpa _________ two years ago.
③I saw a ________ dog on the side of the road. ④The cat is _________. Let’s take it to the hospital.
Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today.
阿伦在这次意外之后没有放弃，如今他继续登山。
give up doing sth.放弃做某事 give it up放弃它
e.g. 歌曲《少年》告诉人们不要放弃梦想。
The song The Youth tells people _______ _______ _______ ________ their dreams.
英语太重要了。不要放弃它。
English is too important. Don’t ________ ________ _________.
为了保持健康，他最终戒烟了。
To keep healthy, he _________ _________ _________ in the end.