人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 2 Looking into the Future词汇讲义

选择性必修一 Unit 2 Looking into the future
词汇导学案
1.phrase [fre z] n.短语；词组
a set phrase 固定短语
paraphrase vt.(用更容易理解的文字)解释，释义，意译
2. persuade [p swe d] vt. 劝说；说服
1) persuasion n. 信服；说服
persuasive adj.有说服力的；令人信服的（convincing）
2) 说服某人做某事/ 不做某事
persuade sb (not) to do sth,
convince sb (not) to do sth,
persuade sb into / out of doing sth
reason/talk/argue sb into / out of doing sth
I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep smiling.(2020全国3卷)
我知道店员会有多生气，但我试图说服他们保持微笑。
She began to host “Big Bosses” lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to host
to the cause.（2017北京）她开始举办“大老板”午餐会，试图说服当地商界领袖举办这项事业。
3. switch [sw t ] vt. 转换；交换vi＆vt.(使)改变；转变n.开关；转换器；改变
switch off/on =turn on/off 关/开(电灯、机器等)
switch over 转换; 改变; 转变; 换台; 换频道
He switched the conversation from one subject to another. 他把谈话从一个话题转到另一个话题。
We asked them if they would switch places with us.我们问他们是否愿意和我们交换位置。The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off“switch”where the glow would fade when
exposed to daylight.(2020全国1卷)工程师们还试图开发一种开关，当暴露在日光下时，辉光会消失。
Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility．（2017北京）另一些人说，我们可以“关掉它们”，就好像超级智能机器太蠢了，不会想到这种可能性。
. distant [ d st nt] adj. 遥远的;；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的
distance n. 原处的
in the distance 在远处
at a distance 离一段距离；隔着一段距离
keep sb. at a distance 对……冷淡；同……疏远
keep your distance from ……与……保持距离；疏远
within walking distance 在步行可达的距离内
So the furthest distance in the world 所以世界上最远的距离
is not in two distant trees. 不是树与树的距离
It is the same rooted branches 而是同根生长的树枝
but can’t depend on each other in the wind. 却无法在风中相依
——出自泰戈尔《世界上最遥远的距离》
5.secure [s kj (r)] adj 安全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的vt.获得；拴牢；保护
security n. 安全
security check 安检 // security guard 保安人员 // a sense of security 安全感
safe adj. 安全的 n.保险箱 // safety n. 安全
safe and sound 安然无恙地
So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to
secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task．（2017北京）因此，如果我们发送一个机器人，只需一条取咖啡的指令，它就会强烈渴望通过关闭自己的开关，甚至杀死任何可能干扰其任务的人来确保成功。
One crucial factor is secure access to land．（2018江苏）一个关键因素是土地的安全使用。
6. knob [n b] n. 旋钮;球形把手
7. appliance [ pla ns] n. 电器；器具
turn on / off appliances打开/关闭电器 // household/domestic appliances家用电器
tool 【C】n.工具 // furniture 【U】n.家具
equipment【U】n.设备；器材；配备；装备 // device 【C】n.装置；仪器；器具；设备
8. remote [r m t] adj. 远程的；偏远的
remote control 遥控器；遥控
Since lighting is often far removed from the power source-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).（2020全国一卷）
因为照明通常远离电源(电源)-例如从发电厂到偏远公路上路灯的距离——在传输过程中会损失大量能量(传输).
9. air conditioner 空调机；空调设备
10. automatic [ t m t k] adj. 自动的 →automatically adv. 无意识地；自动地
auto- 自己的，本身的；无人操作的
automobile n. 汽车 // autobiography n.自传
11. integrated [ nt ɡre t d] adj. 各部分密切协调的；综合的
integrate [ nt ɡre t] vi.＆vt.使)合并；成为一体
integrate ... into / with ...
They had begun integrate the kinds of play and teamwork they had seen the day before into their game.（2015全国2卷）他们已经开始整合(融合)他们前天看到的各种比赛和团队合作进入了他们的游戏。
12. sensor [ sens (r)] n. 传感器；敏感元件
13. efficient [ f nt] adj. 效率高的；有功效的
efficiency n. 效率；功效 // inefficient adj.效率低的；能力差的 //efficiently adv. 高效率地
sufficient adj.→sufficiency n.
urgent adj.→ urgency n.
fluent adj.→fluency n.
frequent adj.→frequency n.
emergent adj.→emergency n.
private adj.→privacy n.
accurate adj.→accuracy n.
14. mode [m d] n. 模式；方式；风格
flight / energy-efficient mode 飞行模式/节能模式
15.routine [ru ti n] n. 常规；正常顺序 adj.常规的；日常的
daily routine 日常生活 // on a routine basis 定期地；日常地
Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself．（2018北京）有时，即使是常规事件也会成为愤怒前或愤怒本身的来源。
When serious illness visits your household, it's, not just your daily routine and your assumptions about the future that are no longer familiar.（2015浙江）
当重病来到你家时，你不再熟悉的不仅仅是你的日常生活和你对未来的设想。
16. preference [ prefr ns] n. 爱好;偏爱
1)have a preference for sth.更喜欢……；偏爱……
in preference to sb./sth.而不是……
2)prefer vt. 更喜欢；选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）
preferred, preferred, preferring
prefer sth to sth 更喜欢
prefer doing to doing
prefer to do (rather than do...)
While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线).（2020全国2卷）
虽然年轻一代更喜欢视觉交流，但对于那些习惯于使用电子邮件等传统工具的人来说，这可能感觉像一条学习曲线(曲线).
17. instant [ nst nt] n. 瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的
1) in an instant 立刻；马上
the instant/moment +句子 一……就 =as soon as
instant coffee/noodles 速溶咖啡/方便面
an instant success/hit 一举成功
instant messenger 即时通讯
2) instantly adv.立即；马上 conj.一……就 (=as soon as)
I recognized her the instant/instantly I saw her. 我一看到她就认出她了。
mand [k mɑ nd] n. 指令；命令；控制vt.命令；控制 (同：order)
1)at sb.’s command　　听某人支配
under one’s command＝under the command of sb. 由某人指挥
be in command of 掌握；控制
take command of 控制；掌控
have a good command of 掌握；精通(尤指语言)
2)
3) commander n.指挥官；司令官
He has 1 200 men under his command. 他掌管着1200人。
The police arrived and took command of the situation.警察到达后就控制了局势。
He looked relaxed and totally in command of himself .他看起来很轻松，有绝对的自信能控制住自己。
Applicants will be expected to have (a) good command of English.申请人必须精通英语。
I’m at your command─what would you like me to do 我听从您的吩咐——您要我做什么？
He commanded his troops to attack.他命令部队发起进攻。
19. obey [ be ] vi.＆vt.服从;遵守（同：observe）
disobey vt. & vi. 不服从；违抗 // obedient [ bi di nt] adj. 听话的
20.warning [ w n ] n. 警告;警示;先兆
issue / give a warning to...发出警告
21.constant [ k nst nt] adj. 不断的；重复的；不变的n.常数；常量
constantly adv.不断地；一直；始终
22. early on 在初期；早先
earlier on 早期；早先
23. abnormal [ b n ml] adj. 不正常的；反常的
normal adj. 正常的
24.critical [ kr t kl] adj. 严重的，危急的；关键的，至关重要的（同：crucial）；批评的；批判的
critic n. 评论家；批评者 // criticize v. 批评 //criticism n.批评；批判；责备；指责
a critical moment 关键时刻 //a critical illness 严重的疾病 // critical thinking 批判性思维
Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.（2018北京）如果我们愿意用批判的眼光来评价自己，了解这些原因将控制我们自己的愤怒。
Years ago, a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever．（2016江苏）几年前，我的生活中发生了一件将永远改变它的重大事件。
25. cancer [ k ns (r)] n. 癌；癌症；毒瘤
26. potentially [p 'ten li] adv. 潜在地；可能地
potential [p ten l] adj. 可能的；潜在的n. 潜力；可能性
potential resources / customers 潜在资源/潜在顾客
achieve / fulfil(l) / reach one’s (full) potential 发挥最大潜力
You can’t choose your potential, but you can choose to fulfill it.你不能选择你的潜能，但你可以选择去发挥潜能。 ——西奥多·罗斯福
27. leak [li k] vi＆vt.漏；渗漏；透露n. 漏洞；裂缝；透露
The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!(2015 四川 )邻居们从他们的房子里出来看看我们是否有煤气泄漏！
28 . electrical [ lektr kl] adj. 电的；用电的；和电有关的
electricity n. 电；电流；电学
electric adj. 发电的；电动的；导电的
electrician n. 电工；电气技师
electronic adj.电子的；电子器件的；电子设备的
electronics n.电子学；电子学的应用；电子电路；电子器件
29. wiring [ wa r ] n. 电线线路；线路系统
wire [ wa (r)] n. 电线；金属丝(或线)；接通电源；将…连接到
30. detect [d tekt] vt. 发现；查明
detective n. 侦探
These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.(2020 全国1卷)这些植物包括在叶子上印上传感器以显示何时缺水的植物，以及可以检测地下水中有害化学物质的植物。
32. relevant [ rel v nt] adj. 有关的;有意义的
irrelevant adj. 不相关的
(be) relevant to 与……有关
The on-line classroom provides an innovative relevant and interactive Learning environment.(2016 江苏)在线课堂提供了一个创新的相关互动学习环境。
33. catch fire 着火（动作）
Sth. is on fire 着火（状态）
34. fantasy [ f nt si] n. 幻想；想象
fantastic [f n t st k] adj. 奇幻的
This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around.（2019 全国2卷）这是一部优秀的奇幻小说，作者是世界上最优秀的故事讲述者之一。
35. innovation [ n ve n] n. 创新；创造
innovate [ n ve t] v. 创新
36. available [ ve l bl] adj. 可获得的；可购得的；（人）有空的
Not a student Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.(2019全国1卷)不是学生？访问政府网站，了解可用于帮助30岁以下儿童培养技能、找到工作或全年创业的计划和在线工具。
The trend, then, was toward the "penny paper"— a term referring to papers made widely available to the public.(2019全国3卷)当时的趋势是“便士纸”（penny paper）——这个词指的是广泛向公众提供的文件。
37. in this sense (in…sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲
in a sense 从某种意义上来说 // in no sense 决不
make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通；是明智的；合乎情理的
make sense of 理解、弄懂
This sentence doesn't make sense. 这句话没意义。
They tried to make sense of her mumblings. 他们试图听明白她在嘟哝些什么。
In that sense, I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.从这个意义上说，我很肯定志愿服务是一种自私的行为，我不愿意承认这一点。
But many social norms just don’t make sense to people drowning in digital communication．（2018浙江）但是很多社会规范(规范) 只是对淹没在数字通信中的人们来说没有意义。
38. nevertheless [ nev les] adj.尽管如此；过；然而
39. structure [ str kt (r)] n. 结构；体系；系统安排；精心组织
词根词缀：struct (to build 建造) + -ure (名词后缀) → 建造的状态或行为 → 结构、构造
sentence/grammatical structure 句子/语法结构
The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head.(2019江苏)我们祖先的骨骼结构发展了数百万年，以支持一种四肢行走、头部相对较小的生物。
Your essay needs (a) structure.你这篇文章组织不好。
40. security [s kj r ti] n . 保护描施；安全工作
42.crime [kra m] n. 犯罪活动；不法行为
criminal [ kr m nl] n. 罪犯 // commit a crime 实施犯罪
bine [k m ba n , k mba n] vt.vi.(使)结合；混合
combination [ k mb ne n] n.结合；联合；混合；
combine …with/and …使联合，结合
connect …to…将连接起来 // link…to/with…将联系起来
44. nanobot n. 纳米机器人
45. artificial [ ɑ t f l] adj. 人工的；人造的；假的
man-made adj. 人造的 // fake n. 赝品 adj. 伪造的；假的；冒充的
artificial intelligence(UA)人工智能
46.clone [kl n] vt. 克隆；以无性繁殖技术复制n.克隆动物(或植物)
47. predict [pr d kt] vt. 预测；预言；
词根词缀：pre- (before 前、先) + dict (to say 说) → 事先说 → 预言
prediction n. 预测；预料 // prefix n. 前缀
prehistoric adj.史前的 // prejudice n.偏见；成见
preserve vt. 保护；保存 n.保护区 // preview n.&vt.预习；预演
previous adj. 早先的；前面的 // prewar adj.战前的
48. forecast [ f kɑ st] vt.n. 预测；预报
词根词缀：fore-(在前；先前) + cast(扔；投掷) → 预先扔下 → 预料
weather forecast 天气预报
forefather 祖先 // forerunner n.先驱者；先兆
foresee vt,预见 // foretell vt.预告
forehead n. 前额 // forearm n.上臂
foreword n.前言；序言
49.occupation [ kju pe n] n. 职业；占领
1)job, work, career, profession, vocation辨析
①occupation 指某人通常从事的“工作”“职业”，是正式用语，常用于正式文体或表格中。
The applicant is required to state his name, age, and occupation on the form.申请人必须在表格上注明姓名、年龄和职业。
②work 尤指目的是挣钱的工作、职业。
Though I had a lot of experience, I could not find satisfying work.虽然我有很多经验，但我找不到令人满意的工作。
③career 指生涯、职业。
She fully intends to continue her sporting career once she has recovered from her injuries.她完全打算在伤愈后继续她的体育事业。
④profession指需要专门技能（尤其是较高教育水平）的职业、专业。
When he graduated from college, he wanted to enter the medical profession.大学毕业后，他想进入医学界。
⑤job 指工作、职位，是可数名词。
In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well.
⑥vocation 工作，职业 指某人认为特别适合自己的工作。
He believed that to be a writer was his true vocation. 他认为当作家是他真正的使命。
The girl missed her vocation - she should have been an actress. 那姑娘入错行了，她本该当演员。
2)occupy [ kjupa ] vt. 占用；占领；占据；使忙于
be occupied with 忙着做……；忙于某事物 =occupy oneself with
It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.
（2020 天津）它鼓励我们占据自己的小角落，避免愚蠢地跳入黑暗，获得满足。
50. oppose [ p z] vt. 反对；抵制；阻挠
词根词缀：op-(逆；倒；反对)+pose(摆)→放在对立面→反对
opposed adj. 反对的；对立的
be opposed to 反对……=object to
51. hence [hens] adv. 因此；由此
therefore adv. 因此
52. cease [si s] vi.＆vt.(使)停止；终止（stop）
If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free.(2015 江苏)如果人们坚持要摆脱自力更生的负担和对共同利益的责任，他们将不再自由。
53. deceased [d si st] adj. 已死的；亡故的
decease v. 死亡
54. absence [ bs ns] n. 不存在；缺乏；缺席(反：presence)
1)in the absence of ...缺乏
in / during sb’s absence 某人不在的时候
absence of mind 心不在焉
2)absent adj. 缺席的，心不在焉的
absent-minded 心不在焉的
be absent from 缺席的；不在的
Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent.(2017 全国1卷)现在所需要的只是父母，但他们缺席了。
In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly.(2017 全国3卷)在没有狼的情况下，土狼的数量也迅速增长。
55. rural [ r r l] adj. 乡村的；农村的
suburb adj. 郊区的 // urban adj.城市的
56. advocate [ dv ke t , dv k t] n. 提倡；支持；拥护 n. 提倡者；支持者；拥护者
advocate (sb) doing sth 倡议做某事
Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour.很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。
The group does not advocate the use of violence.该团体不支持使用暴力。
57.emphasis [ emf s s] n. 强调；重视；重要性
emphasize [ emf sa z] v. 强调（同：stress;highlight）
put/lay/place emphasis on sth 强调 / 重视某事
Too much emphasis is placed on research...过分强调研究的重要性。
His speech emphasized the importance of attracting industry to the town.他的发言强调了吸引工业到城镇的重要性。
She emphasized that their plan would mean sacrifices and hard work.她强调说他们的计划将意味着牺牲和辛勤工作。
58. luxury [ l k ri] n. 奢华
luxurious [l ɡ ri s] adj. 十分舒适的；奢侈的;
59. keep in touch (with.) (与…)保持联系；了解(某课题或领域的情况)
get in touch/contact with...与……取得联系
lose touch/contact with 与……失去联系
60. career [k r (r)] n. 职业；事业
61.prospect [ pr spekt , pr spekt] n. 可能性；前景
词根词缀：pro- （向前，在前） + spect 看 → 向前看 → 前景
There is no immediate prospect of peace.短期内没有和平的可能。
At 25 he was an unemployed musician with no prospects.25岁的他是个没有工作、前途渺茫的乐师。
62.resist [r z st] vi.＆vt.抵制；反抗；抵挡
词根词缀：re- (against 反对) + sist (to stand 站) → 站在反方向上 → 抵抗
resistant adj.抵抗的；有抵抗力的；抵制的；阻止的；抗…的；耐…的
resistance n. 抵制；反对；抗拒
irresistible adj.不可抵抗的； 不能压制的
David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.（2015 湖北）
大卫·布鲁克斯（DavidBrooks）是《社交动物：爱情、性格和成就的隐藏来源》一书的作者，他似乎是一长串未能抗拒诱惑的作家中的最新一位。
63.paragraph [ p r ɡrɑ f] n. 段；段落
64.signpost [ sa np st] n. 路标
sign n. 征兆，迹象；招牌；标牌；指示牌；标志
post 柱子；岗位; v.张贴，邮寄
65.essay [ ese , e se ] n. 文章
66.accurate [ kj r t] adj 精确的;准确的
accuracy [ kj r si] n. 准确性
67.librarian [la bre ri n] n. 图书管理员；图书馆馆长
词根词缀：library 图书馆+ -ian 人 → 图书管理员；图书馆馆长
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