人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement词汇讲义
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选择性必修一 Unit 1 People of Achievement
词汇导学案
1.physiology[ f zi l d i] n.n. 生理学;生理机能
词根词级：physio-身体，生理+-logy 学说
2. crucial [ kru l] adj. 至关重要的;关键性的
词根词级：cruc 十字形；交叉 + ial …的 → 在十字路口的 → 关键的
be crucial to sb / sth. // it is crucial for sb to do sth
One crucial factor is secure access to land．(2018江苏)一个关键因素是获得土地的安全。
3. vital [ va tl] adj 必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
it is vital (for sb) to do sth, // be vital to (doing) sth
be of vital importance to ....对……极其重要
vitally adv.极其；绝对
Reading is a vital part of my life．（2019天津）阅读是我生活中至关重要的一部分。
Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation．（2019天津）
了解历史对于了解我们作为一个民族和一个国家至关重要。
Education is vitally important for the country’s future.教育对于国家的未来是极其重要的
4. commit v. 做（错事、坏事）；犯；承诺；保证(某个人、机构等) ；忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
词根词级：com- (together 一起) + mit (to send 送) → 将人送去承担义务等 → (使) 承担义务；(使) 作出保证
commit murder / a crime / a mistake 犯谋杀罪、进行犯罪、犯错 // commit suicide自杀
commit oneself to sth/doing sth.承诺（做）某事
commit time/money to (doing) sth 投入时间、金钱做某事
committed [k m t d] adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
a committed member of the team 忠于职守的队员
be committed to 致力于
commitment n.承诺；保证；投入；奉献；（资金、时间、人力的）花费和使用
make a commitment to sb./sth.向……作出承诺
A man who committed a mistake and doesn't correct it is committing another mistake. “过而不改，是谓过矣”，这句孔子的名言出自《论语·卫灵公》，意思是：有过错却不加以改正，这才是真正的过错！
But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.（2017江苏完形）但他很快发现自己喜欢演奏这种乐器，并致力于练习它，这样在几个月内他就能演奏得相当好。
The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger．（2017天津）
最尴尬的电子邮件错误通常是在愤怒中犯下的。
And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made to preventing the preventable.（2020江苏完形）由于威尔逊对预防可预防疾病的承诺，非洲和亚洲的数千万人可以看到非洲和亚洲的数千万人可以看到。
On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008,all those long, hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit.
（2016江苏） 2008年，在北京的一个夏夜，所有这些漫长而艰苦的工作和投入终于取得了成果。
5.academy[ k d mi] n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校
academic adj. 学业的；学术的 // academically adv 学术上；学业上：
academic performance 学习情况 // the new academic year 新学年的开始
The gap-year phenomenon originated (起源）with the months leftover to Oxbridge applicants between
entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year. (2015全国2卷)
间隔年现象起源于从11月的入学考试到下学年开始，牛津剑桥大学的申请者还有几个月的时间。
Being unable to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.
(2010 湖北)由于不能使用计算机，他做学术研究变得更加困难。
In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. (2012 上海)
事实上，早期阅读与孩子是否在学业上取得成功没有多大关系。
6. objective [ b d ekt v] n. 目标;目的(同：goal/target) adj.客观的
set / achieve an objective 订立目标、完成目标
object vi. 反对；不赞成(to) // objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议
subjective adj. 主观的
Our main objective was the recovery of the child safe and well.我们主要目标是将孩子安然无恙地找回来。
He had no objective evidence that anything extraordinary was happening.
他没有客观证据表明正在发生什么不同寻常之事。
7.botanical [b t n kl] adj. 植物学的
botanical garden 植物园
botany n. 植物学
8.evaluate [ v ljue t] vt. 评价；评估（同：assess ）
evaluation n. 评价，评估
First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc．（2019全国2卷）首先，你需要评估你自己，你的价值观，你的优点，你的缺点，你的成就，你的愿望等等。
9. property [ pr p ti] n. 性质；特征；财产；不动产
intellectual property（IP）知识产权
10. distinct [d st kt] adj. 清晰的;清楚的;有区别的（同：different）
distinctive adj.独特的；特别的；有特色的
distinction n. 差别(同：difference)；区分；卓著
There was a distinct smell of gas.有一股明显的煤气味。
The results of the survey fell into two distinct groups.调查结果分为截然不同的两组。
11. extract [ ekstr kt , k str kt] n. 提取物;摘录 vt.提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出
词根词级：ex 出 + tract 拉，拖 → 拉出来 → 提炼出
extraction n.提取；提炼；拔出；开采
12. boil [b l] vt.＆vi.(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开m.沸腾;沸点
boiled water 开水
boiling water 沸腾的水
developed countries 发达国家
developing countries 发展中国家
falling leaves 落叶
fallen leaves 落叶
a retired worker 退休工人
an experienced teacher 有经验的老师
a learned man 一个有学问的人
13. liquid [ l kw d] n. 液体;液体的;液态的
steam n. 蒸汽；水汽
gas 气体，天然气，煤气
solid 固体，坚硬的
14.obtain [ b te n] vt. (尤指经努力)获得;贏得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
词根词级：ob-加强 +tain拿 → 拿到 → 获得
A build-it-yourself solar still is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available．(2017全国1卷)自行建造太阳能蒸馏器(蒸馏器） 是在液体不易获得的地区获取饮用水的最佳方法之一。
15. acknowledge [ k n l d ] vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢
acknowledgement n [C] & [U] 承认；确认；[常用复数] 鸣谢
She refused to acknowledge the need for reform.她拒不承认改革的必要性。
He is acknowledged as / to be one of the greatest pianists. 他被认为是最伟大的钢琴家之一。
I should like to acknowledge all the help I have received from my family.
我要感谢我从家人那里得到的所有帮助。
The flowers were a small acknowledge of your kindness.这些话聊表谢意，感谢你的好心帮助。
16. defeat [d fi t] n. 失败;挫败vt.击败;战胜（同：beat）
defeat an enemy 打败敌人 // suffer a defeat 遭受失败
acknowledge / admit / accept defeat 承认、接受失败
Our team was narrowly defeated in the final. 我们队在决赛中险胜。
17. analyse [ n la z] v. 分析
analysis n. 分析（pl. analyses）
18. apparently [ p r ntli] adv. 显而易见;看来;显然（obviously,clearly,evidently）
apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
transparent adj.透明的
The kids apparently know the truth.(2020全国1卷)孩子们显然知道真相。
19. substance [ s bst ns] n. 物质；物品；事实根据；
20. insist [ n s st] vi.＆vt.坚持;坚决要求
词根词缀：in- (upon 在…之上) + sist (to stand站) → 站在自己的立场上 → 坚决要求；坚持认为
insist + (that) … (should) do sth
He insisted (that) the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.
insist + (that) 从句
He insisted that he was right.
注：insist表示“坚持”和“坚决要求”时，that 从句中用虚拟语气；而表示“坚持说”和“坚持认为”时则不用。
21.scientific [ sa n t f k] adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的
science n.科学 // scientist 科学家 // scientifically adv.
22. mostly [ m stli] adv. 主要地;一般地
23. wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗
24.conclusion [k n klu n] n. 结论;推论
conclude vt. & vi. 结束；推断出
arrive at / come to / draw / reach a conclusion得出结论
in conclusion /to conclude 最后；总而言之
jump to conclusions 匆忙下结论
When he brought his speech to a nice conclusion, his teacher invited the rest of the class to praise him. （2019 全国1卷）
In conclusion, people around the world should protect the water resources. (2010 福建)总之，全世界人民都应该保护水资源。
25. flee [fli ]vt. (fled，fled)迅速离开;逃跑
26 . circumstance [ s k mst ns] n. usually pl条件；环境;状况
in / under ... circumstances 在……情况下：
n / under no circumstances 决不；无论如何不：（注：in / under no circumstances 置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。）
Our circumstances are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive. 我们的处境如此绝望，不确定我们是否会活着回来。
It’s an experimental model, so don’t touch it under any circumstances.（2012江西）这是一个实验模型，所以在任何情况下都不要碰它。
Under no circumstances should we do terrible things to other people.
辨析：circumstance, environment
circumstance 和 environment 都含有“环境”“状况”之意。
● circumstance 指“情况”“情形”（the conditions that affect a situation, an event, etc.）”，常用复数，表明与某事件或某人有关的环境，情形，情况等，也可指“境况”“状况”（尤指经济状况）（how much money sb has）”。
We can’t judge what he did until we know all the circumstances.
● environment 指“生活环境”“周围状况（the conditions of the place where you are）”，尤其指作用和影响生物体的生长，发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和。
The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environment.
27. novelist [ n v l st] n. 小说家
novel n. (长篇)小说 adj. 新颖的；与众不同的；珍奇的
novelty n.新奇；新颖；新奇的事物等
28 . flow [fl ] n. 流;流动;流畅;供应；流量v.流;流动
Man struggles upwards; water flows downwards.
The person who has no personality always go with the flow.
Only dead fish follow the flow.
29. chart [t ɑ t] n. 图表v.记录;制订计划
flow chart 流程图
30. found vt. 创建;建立;把……建立在
found founded founded 建立
find found found 发现
set up 建立 // establish 建立
32. infer [ n f (r)] vt. 推断;推定
词根词缀：in-进入+ fer(带来；拿来) → 带进→ 推断
Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking．（2016江苏）
这种能力的一部分是，他们可以推断出其他人知道或在想什么。
33. politician [ p l t n] n. 从政者;政治家;政客
political adj. 政治的；政党的 // politics n.政治
34 numerous [ nju m r s] adj. 众多的;许多的
35. theory [ θ ri] n. 理论;学说
Theory of Relativity 相对论
theoretical adj.理论的
combine theory with practice 理论和实践相结合
36. relativity [ rel t v ti] n. 相对论;相对性
relative n. 亲戚；亲属
37.formula [ f mj l ] n. 公式；方程式；配方
词根词缀：form-(形式)+-ula表名词 → 形成的东西→ 公式
38. genius [ d i ni s] n. (pl, genuses)天才;天资;天赋
Sometimes perseverance can equal genius in its results.有时毅力在结果上可以与天才相提并论。
39. gentle [ d entl] adj. 温柔的;文静的
gentleman n.绅士
40 . patent [ p tnt , pe tnt] n. 专利;专利证书;获得专利adj.有专利的;受专利保护的
42.passion [ p n] n. 酷爱;激情
have a passion for sth 钟爱；酷爱；热爱
passionate adj. 充满激情的
be passionate about ...
Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough.（2020江苏）
仅仅擅长某件事并对其充满激情是不够的。
We both passionate about acting，which comes from us being so interested in people.(2017天津)
我们都热衷于表演，这是因为我们对人如此感兴趣。
43. doctorate [ d kt r t] n. 博士学位
master’s degree 硕士学位 Doctor’s degree 博士学位
44. extraordinary adj. 不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的
词根词缀：extra 超过；以外 + ordinary 普通的 → 超出普通 → 格外的
45. gradually [ ɡr d u li] adv. 逐渐地;逐步地
gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的
Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million．(2018全国3卷)300多年来，它的人口逐渐从800人增加到800万。
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development．（2017全国3卷）灰狼曾经在黄石地区和美国大陆的大部分地区随处可见，但它们逐渐被人类的发展所取代。
e to power (开始)掌权;上台
47. institution [ nst tju n] n. 社会公共机构;制度;习俗
48.consequence [ k ns kw ns] n. 结果;后果
consequently adv. 所以；因而
consequent adj. 随之而来的;随之发生的;作为结果的
as a consequence =consequently=as a result 结果；因此
as a consequence of=in consequence of = as a result of sth由于……的缘故
Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.（2019北京）因此，她成功地用天然甜味剂制作了一种糖果，可以减少口腔细菌。
49. take up a position 担任;任职
50. moustache [m stɑ ] n. 上唇的胡子;髭
beard n. 胡须
51. peculiarity [p kju li r ti] n 个性;特点;怪异的性质
52. encounter [ n ka nt (r)] vt. 偶然碰到；遇到n.邂适；遭遇
come across 偶遇；邂逅
But one thing is certain, all people encounter mountains in their life．（2018天津）
但有一件事是肯定的，所有人在生活中都会遇到高山。
53. professor [pr fes (r)] n. 教授
profession n.职业
professional adj. 职业的;专业的; n.专门人员;专业人士;
54.mourn [m n] vt.＆.vi.哀悼;忧伤
mourner n.吊唁者;哀悼者
55. remarkable [r mɑ k bl] adv 非凡的;显著的
remark n.评论;言论；引人注目；v.评论
All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith even more remarkable．（2018北京）
所有这些使得无家可归者汤姆·史密斯的行为更加引人注目。
56. device [d va s] n. 方法;技巧;装置;仪器
57. sum [s m] v. 总结;概括n.金额;款项;总数;总和
sum up 总结;概括
summary n. 总结；摘要；概要：
summarize vt. 总结，概述
a large / small sum of money
His speech summed up the present situation of economy.
To sum up, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking.
To summarise, this is a clever approach to a common problem.
In summary, this was a disappointing performance.总的来说，这场演出令人失望。
58.draft [drɑ ft] n. 草稿;草案vt.起草;草拟
(
2
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词汇导学案
1.physiology[ f zi l d i] n.n. 生理学;生理机能
词根词级：physio-身体，生理+-logy 学说
2. crucial [ kru l] adj. 至关重要的;关键性的
词根词级：cruc 十字形；交叉 + ial …的 → 在十字路口的 → 关键的
be crucial to sb / sth. // it is crucial for sb to do sth
One crucial factor is secure access to land．(2018江苏)一个关键因素是获得土地的安全。
3. vital [ va tl] adj 必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的
it is vital (for sb) to do sth, // be vital to (doing) sth
be of vital importance to ....对……极其重要
vitally adv.极其；绝对
Reading is a vital part of my life．（2019天津）阅读是我生活中至关重要的一部分。
Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation．（2019天津）
了解历史对于了解我们作为一个民族和一个国家至关重要。
Education is vitally important for the country’s future.教育对于国家的未来是极其重要的
4. commit v. 做（错事、坏事）；犯；承诺；保证(某个人、机构等) ；忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
词根词级：com- (together 一起) + mit (to send 送) → 将人送去承担义务等 → (使) 承担义务；(使) 作出保证
commit murder / a crime / a mistake 犯谋杀罪、进行犯罪、犯错 // commit suicide自杀
commit oneself to sth/doing sth.承诺（做）某事
commit time/money to (doing) sth 投入时间、金钱做某事
committed [k m t d] adj. 尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
a committed member of the team 忠于职守的队员
be committed to 致力于
commitment n.承诺；保证；投入；奉献；（资金、时间、人力的）花费和使用
make a commitment to sb./sth.向……作出承诺
A man who committed a mistake and doesn't correct it is committing another mistake. “过而不改，是谓过矣”，这句孔子的名言出自《论语·卫灵公》，意思是：有过错却不加以改正，这才是真正的过错！
But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and was committed to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.（2017江苏完形）但他很快发现自己喜欢演奏这种乐器，并致力于练习它，这样在几个月内他就能演奏得相当好。
The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger．（2017天津）
最尴尬的电子邮件错误通常是在愤怒中犯下的。
And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wilson made to preventing the preventable.（2020江苏完形）由于威尔逊对预防可预防疾病的承诺，非洲和亚洲的数千万人可以看到非洲和亚洲的数千万人可以看到。
On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008,all those long, hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit.
（2016江苏） 2008年，在北京的一个夏夜，所有这些漫长而艰苦的工作和投入终于取得了成果。
5.academy[ k d mi] n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院;学会;专科院校
academic adj. 学业的；学术的 // academically adv 学术上；学业上：
academic performance 学习情况 // the new academic year 新学年的开始
The gap-year phenomenon originated (起源）with the months leftover to Oxbridge applicants between
entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year. (2015全国2卷)
间隔年现象起源于从11月的入学考试到下学年开始，牛津剑桥大学的申请者还有几个月的时间。
Being unable to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.
(2010 湖北)由于不能使用计算机，他做学术研究变得更加困难。
In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. (2012 上海)
事实上，早期阅读与孩子是否在学业上取得成功没有多大关系。
6. objective [ b d ekt v] n. 目标;目的(同：goal/target) adj.客观的
set / achieve an objective 订立目标、完成目标
object vi. 反对；不赞成(to) // objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议
subjective adj. 主观的
Our main objective was the recovery of the child safe and well.我们主要目标是将孩子安然无恙地找回来。
He had no objective evidence that anything extraordinary was happening.
他没有客观证据表明正在发生什么不同寻常之事。
7.botanical [b t n kl] adj. 植物学的
botanical garden 植物园
botany n. 植物学
8.evaluate [ v ljue t] vt. 评价；评估（同：assess ）
evaluation n. 评价，评估
First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc．（2019全国2卷）首先，你需要评估你自己，你的价值观，你的优点，你的缺点，你的成就，你的愿望等等。
9. property [ pr p ti] n. 性质；特征；财产；不动产
intellectual property（IP）知识产权
10. distinct [d st kt] adj. 清晰的;清楚的;有区别的（同：different）
distinctive adj.独特的；特别的；有特色的
distinction n. 差别(同：difference)；区分；卓著
There was a distinct smell of gas.有一股明显的煤气味。
The results of the survey fell into two distinct groups.调查结果分为截然不同的两组。
11. extract [ ekstr kt , k str kt] n. 提取物;摘录 vt.提取;提炼;摘录;(用力)拔出
词根词级：ex 出 + tract 拉，拖 → 拉出来 → 提炼出
extraction n.提取；提炼；拔出；开采
12. boil [b l] vt.＆vi.(使)沸腾;煮开;烧开m.沸腾;沸点
boiled water 开水
boiling water 沸腾的水
developed countries 发达国家
developing countries 发展中国家
falling leaves 落叶
fallen leaves 落叶
a retired worker 退休工人
an experienced teacher 有经验的老师
a learned man 一个有学问的人
13. liquid [ l kw d] n. 液体;液体的;液态的
steam n. 蒸汽；水汽
gas 气体，天然气，煤气
solid 固体，坚硬的
14.obtain [ b te n] vt. (尤指经努力)获得;贏得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
词根词级：ob-加强 +tain拿 → 拿到 → 获得
A build-it-yourself solar still is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available．(2017全国1卷)自行建造太阳能蒸馏器(蒸馏器） 是在液体不易获得的地区获取饮用水的最佳方法之一。
15. acknowledge [ k n l d ] vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢
acknowledgement n [C] & [U] 承认；确认；[常用复数] 鸣谢
She refused to acknowledge the need for reform.她拒不承认改革的必要性。
He is acknowledged as / to be one of the greatest pianists. 他被认为是最伟大的钢琴家之一。
I should like to acknowledge all the help I have received from my family.
我要感谢我从家人那里得到的所有帮助。
The flowers were a small acknowledge of your kindness.这些话聊表谢意，感谢你的好心帮助。
16. defeat [d fi t] n. 失败;挫败vt.击败;战胜（同：beat）
defeat an enemy 打败敌人 // suffer a defeat 遭受失败
acknowledge / admit / accept defeat 承认、接受失败
Our team was narrowly defeated in the final. 我们队在决赛中险胜。
17. analyse [ n la z] v. 分析
analysis n. 分析（pl. analyses）
18. apparently [ p r ntli] adv. 显而易见;看来;显然（obviously,clearly,evidently）
apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的
transparent adj.透明的
The kids apparently know the truth.(2020全国1卷)孩子们显然知道真相。
19. substance [ s bst ns] n. 物质；物品；事实根据；
20. insist [ n s st] vi.＆vt.坚持;坚决要求
词根词缀：in- (upon 在…之上) + sist (to stand站) → 站在自己的立场上 → 坚决要求；坚持认为
insist + (that) … (should) do sth
He insisted (that) the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.
insist + (that) 从句
He insisted that he was right.
注：insist表示“坚持”和“坚决要求”时，that 从句中用虚拟语气；而表示“坚持说”和“坚持认为”时则不用。
21.scientific [ sa n t f k] adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的
science n.科学 // scientist 科学家 // scientifically adv.
22. mostly [ m stli] adv. 主要地;一般地
23. wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损;损耗
24.conclusion [k n klu n] n. 结论;推论
conclude vt. & vi. 结束；推断出
arrive at / come to / draw / reach a conclusion得出结论
in conclusion /to conclude 最后；总而言之
jump to conclusions 匆忙下结论
When he brought his speech to a nice conclusion, his teacher invited the rest of the class to praise him. （2019 全国1卷）
In conclusion, people around the world should protect the water resources. (2010 福建)总之，全世界人民都应该保护水资源。
25. flee [fli ]vt. (fled，fled)迅速离开;逃跑
26 . circumstance [ s k mst ns] n. usually pl条件；环境;状况
in / under ... circumstances 在……情况下：
n / under no circumstances 决不；无论如何不：（注：in / under no circumstances 置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。）
Our circumstances are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive. 我们的处境如此绝望，不确定我们是否会活着回来。
It’s an experimental model, so don’t touch it under any circumstances.（2012江西）这是一个实验模型，所以在任何情况下都不要碰它。
Under no circumstances should we do terrible things to other people.
辨析：circumstance, environment
circumstance 和 environment 都含有“环境”“状况”之意。
● circumstance 指“情况”“情形”（the conditions that affect a situation, an event, etc.）”，常用复数，表明与某事件或某人有关的环境，情形，情况等，也可指“境况”“状况”（尤指经济状况）（how much money sb has）”。
We can’t judge what he did until we know all the circumstances.
● environment 指“生活环境”“周围状况（the conditions of the place where you are）”，尤其指作用和影响生物体的生长，发展和生存的外界物质条件的总和。
The twins were separated at birth and brought up in entirely different environment.
27. novelist [ n v l st] n. 小说家
novel n. (长篇)小说 adj. 新颖的；与众不同的；珍奇的
novelty n.新奇；新颖；新奇的事物等
28 . flow [fl ] n. 流;流动;流畅;供应；流量v.流;流动
Man struggles upwards; water flows downwards.
The person who has no personality always go with the flow.
Only dead fish follow the flow.
29. chart [t ɑ t] n. 图表v.记录;制订计划
flow chart 流程图
30. found vt. 创建;建立;把……建立在
found founded founded 建立
find found found 发现
set up 建立 // establish 建立
32. infer [ n f (r)] vt. 推断;推定
词根词缀：in-进入+ fer(带来；拿来) → 带进→ 推断
Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking．（2016江苏）
这种能力的一部分是，他们可以推断出其他人知道或在想什么。
33. politician [ p l t n] n. 从政者;政治家;政客
political adj. 政治的；政党的 // politics n.政治
34 numerous [ nju m r s] adj. 众多的;许多的
35. theory [ θ ri] n. 理论;学说
Theory of Relativity 相对论
theoretical adj.理论的
combine theory with practice 理论和实践相结合
36. relativity [ rel t v ti] n. 相对论;相对性
relative n. 亲戚；亲属
37.formula [ f mj l ] n. 公式；方程式；配方
词根词缀：form-(形式)+-ula表名词 → 形成的东西→ 公式
38. genius [ d i ni s] n. (pl, genuses)天才;天资;天赋
Sometimes perseverance can equal genius in its results.有时毅力在结果上可以与天才相提并论。
39. gentle [ d entl] adj. 温柔的;文静的
gentleman n.绅士
40 . patent [ p tnt , pe tnt] n. 专利;专利证书;获得专利adj.有专利的;受专利保护的
42.passion [ p n] n. 酷爱;激情
have a passion for sth 钟爱；酷爱；热爱
passionate adj. 充满激情的
be passionate about ...
Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough.（2020江苏）
仅仅擅长某件事并对其充满激情是不够的。
We both passionate about acting，which comes from us being so interested in people.(2017天津)
我们都热衷于表演，这是因为我们对人如此感兴趣。
43. doctorate [ d kt r t] n. 博士学位
master’s degree 硕士学位 Doctor’s degree 博士学位
44. extraordinary adj. 不一般的;非凡的;意想不到的
词根词缀：extra 超过；以外 + ordinary 普通的 → 超出普通 → 格外的
45. gradually [ ɡr d u li] adv. 逐渐地;逐步地
gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的
Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million．(2018全国3卷)300多年来，它的人口逐渐从800人增加到800万。
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development．（2017全国3卷）灰狼曾经在黄石地区和美国大陆的大部分地区随处可见，但它们逐渐被人类的发展所取代。
e to power (开始)掌权;上台
47. institution [ nst tju n] n. 社会公共机构;制度;习俗
48.consequence [ k ns kw ns] n. 结果;后果
consequently adv. 所以；因而
consequent adj. 随之而来的;随之发生的;作为结果的
as a consequence =consequently=as a result 结果；因此
as a consequence of=in consequence of = as a result of sth由于……的缘故
Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.（2019北京）因此，她成功地用天然甜味剂制作了一种糖果，可以减少口腔细菌。
49. take up a position 担任;任职
50. moustache [m stɑ ] n. 上唇的胡子;髭
beard n. 胡须
51. peculiarity [p kju li r ti] n 个性;特点;怪异的性质
52. encounter [ n ka nt (r)] vt. 偶然碰到；遇到n.邂适；遭遇
come across 偶遇；邂逅
But one thing is certain, all people encounter mountains in their life．（2018天津）
但有一件事是肯定的，所有人在生活中都会遇到高山。
53. professor [pr fes (r)] n. 教授
profession n.职业
professional adj. 职业的;专业的; n.专门人员;专业人士;
54.mourn [m n] vt.＆.vi.哀悼;忧伤
mourner n.吊唁者;哀悼者
55. remarkable [r mɑ k bl] adv 非凡的;显著的
remark n.评论;言论；引人注目；v.评论
All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith even more remarkable．（2018北京）
所有这些使得无家可归者汤姆·史密斯的行为更加引人注目。
56. device [d va s] n. 方法;技巧;装置;仪器
57. sum [s m] v. 总结;概括n.金额;款项;总数;总和
sum up 总结;概括
summary n. 总结；摘要；概要：
summarize vt. 总结，概述
a large / small sum of money
His speech summed up the present situation of economy.
To sum up, for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking.
To summarise, this is a clever approach to a common problem.
In summary, this was a disappointing performance.总的来说，这场演出令人失望。
58.draft [drɑ ft] n. 草稿;草案vt.起草;草拟
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