人教版（2019）选择性必修第一册Unit 4 Body Language 词汇导学案

选择性必修一 Unit 4 Body Language词汇导学案
1. interaction [ nt r k n] n. 交流；相互影响
词根词缀：inter- (相互) + -act (行动) +-ion名词词尾→ 交流；相互影响
Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.
2.vary [ ve ri] vi. (根据情况)变化；改变 vt.变更；（略做）改变(近义词：differ)
variety n. 变化；多样（化）；多变（性）
various adj. 各种各样的
a variety of 各种各样的
vary from = differ from 变化，不同于
Opinions vary from person to person.( 2019 全国)
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.
My doctor said I should vary my diet more.
3.appropriate [ pr pri t , pr prie t] adj. 合适的；恰当的(近义词：proper)
inappropriate adj. 不恰当的（improper）
Now that the problem has been identified, appropriate action can be taken.
The book was written in a style appropriate to the age of the children.
4. by contrast 相比之下
5. approve [ pru v] vi. 赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
词根词缀：ap- (to 去) + prove (to test 验证) → 去验证某人/ 物是好的 → 赞成、赞同
approving [ pru v ] adj.赞成的; 同意的(同：favorable 反：disapproving)
approval [ pru vl] n. 赞成；认可
disapproval [ d s pru vl] n. 反对
approve of sb.(doing sth.) 同意，赞成某人（做某事）
I approve of you / your trying to make some money, but please don’t neglect your studies.
The Ministry of Education approved a new policy today.
6.demonstrate [ dem nstre t] vt. 表现；表达；说明；证明；集会示威；游行示威
词根词缀：de 加强 + monstr 显示 + ate 表动词 → 加强显示 → 证明
demonstration [ dem n stre n] n. 展示
In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person. （人教新选必修4）
They are demonstrating in favour of free higher education.
7.gesture [ d est (r)] n. 手势；姿势；姿态
8.witness [ w tn s] vt. 当场看到；目击；见证 n.目击者；证人
词根词缀：wit (= vid, see 看) + -ness (名词后缀) → 目击者、见证人
eyewitness n.目击证人 // be (a) witness to sth 目击，看见（某事发生）
Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them.
India has witnessed many political changes in recent years.
Witnesses to the crash say they saw an explosion just before the disaster.
9.employ [ m pl ] vt. 利用；使用；应用；雇用（同：hire 反：dismiss; fire）
词根词缀：em- (in 进入、使) + ploy (to fold 折叠、卷入) → 使卷成为其中的一份子 → 雇用、使用
employer [ m pl (r)] n.雇用者；雇主；老板=boss
employee [ m pl i ] n.受雇者；雇工；雇员= worker
employment [ m pl m nt] n.工作；职业；受雇；就业；雇用；使用
unemployed [ n m pl d] adj.失业的；待业的；下岗的= jobless
unemployment [ n m pl m nt] n.失业；失业人数；无业；没有工作
be employed in doing sth 从事于，忙于（做某事）
employ sb to do sth: 雇佣某人做某事
the unemployed 失业者
out of employment =out of work 失业
create employment opportunities 创造就业机会
full-time / part-time employment 全职工作、兼职工作
They are not allowed to employ tools that use electricity. （2008 湖南）
Several specialists have been employed from overseas to solve the problem.
She was employed in making a list of all the jobs to be done.
10. identical [a dent kl] adj. 相同的
词根词缀：iden (相同) +ical (……的) → 一样的
identity n.身份 ID card 身份证
identify 识别；鉴定；认出；找到；说明身份（identify with sb与某人产生共鸣；谅解；同情）
identification n.识别；鉴定；辨认；确定；确认；身份证明
be identical to / with sb / sth
Her dress is almost identical to mine.
11.interpret [ n t pr t] vt. 把…理解（解释）为 vi.＆vt.口译
interpreter n. 翻译（口译员）
The students were asked to interpret the poem.
She couldn't speak much English so her children had to interpret for her.
12.differ [ d f (r)] vi. 相异；不同于
difference [ d fr ns] n.差别；差异；不同(之处)；变化(之处)
different [ d fr nt] adj.不同的；有区别的；有差异的
indifferent [ n d fr nt] adj. 漠不关心的；不感兴趣的
differ from = be different from
American and British English differ in many small ways.
How do the tourists differ from local people
13.by comparison [k m p r sn] (与…)相比较
compare [k m pe (r)] 比较；对比；与…类似(或相似)
14.cheek [t i k] n. 面频；脸频 //cheekbone [ t i kb n] n. 颧骨 //chin [t n] 下巴
15.favour [ fe v (r)] vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于 n. 帮助；恩惠；赞同
favorite adj. 最喜爱的
favourable adj.有利的；给人好印象的；肯定的；赞同的；支持的
do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙 // ask sb a favour 请某人帮忙
win sb’s favour赢得某人的好感 // show favour to sb. 对某人表示好感
in favour of 赞同；支持 // in sb’s favour 对某人有利；有利于某人
Can you do me a favour and tell Kelly I’m here
Can I ask you a favour
Of the two ways of sharing books, the latter wins my favour. 2015 重庆书面表达改
A mother must not show favour to one child more than another.
Opportunities and success tend to be in favour of those who are ready.
We voted for the monitor, and the result was 28 to 15 in Wang Hong’s favor.
Fortune favours the bold / brave.
16.bow [ba , b ] vi. 鞠躬；点头 v. 低(头) n.弓；蝴蝶结
17.waist [we st] n. 腰；腰部
18.make inferences 推理；推断
19.break down 消除；分解；打破；（机器）出故障，（身体）垮掉；（精神）崩溃；（谈判等）失败；分成若干部分
break away from 脱离；挣脱
break through 作出新的重大发现；取得突破；冲破；突破
break off 折断；断开；中断；停顿
break out (vi) 突然发生；爆发
On my way to the station my car broke down.
Her health broke down under the pressure of work.
He broke down as he thought of his failure to sell all his newspapers. (2015 湖北)
Talks between the two sides have broken down.
Each lesson is broken down into several units.
A smile can break down barriers. （人教新选必 -4）
20. barrier [ b ri (r)] n. 隔阂；障碍（obstacle；gap）；屏障；障碍物；关卡
break down the barriers 消除障碍
Jones’ idea has been fully realized -the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help realized the invisible social barrierthat keeps people from saying hello.(2020年天津完形填空)
21.fake [fe k] adj 假装的；假的；冒充的 n. 赝品
man-made adj. 人造的 //artificial adj.人工的；人造的；假的；人为的；非自然的；虚假的；假装的
22.anger [ ɡ (r)] n. 愤怒；怒气 vt.使生气；激怒
angry adj. 生气的 / /in anger 生气地=angrily
be angry with sb. /be annoyed with sb./be cross with sb./ be mad at sb. 生某人的气
23. reliable [r la bl] adj. 可靠的；可信赖的（近义词：dependable）
词根词缀： rely (依赖) + -able (可……的) → 可以依赖的；可信赖的；
rely v. 依靠，依赖 // rely on = depend on=count on 依靠
24.incident [ ns d nt] n. 发生的事情；严重事件；冲突
a shooting incident 枪击事件
the July 7th Incident of 1937 七七事变
Not too long ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly.
【词汇辨析】incident, accident, affair, event
incident既可指小事件，又可指具有影响力的事变，如犯罪、袭击等。
He could remember every incident in great detail.
the Lugouqiao Incident
accident多指意外或偶然发生的不幸事件。
a traffic accident
affair可指私事或相关的事件，其复数形式affairs一般指公共或政治事务。
public/ global/state affairs
Masses of fresh reports and stories keep you up-to-date on world affairs.
event一般指重大事件、活动或体育运动的比赛项目。
the chief events of 2020
The 800 metres is not his best event.
25.trial [ tra l] n.＆v.审讯；审判；试验；试用
词根词缀：try + -al (名词后缀)
trial and error 反复试验 // on trial 试验中； 在试用中；在受审：
New cars have several severe trials before they are put on the market.
In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.
The clerk was employed on trial.
He’s on trial for theft.
Children learn technical skills by / through trial and error.
26.slight [sla t] adj. 轻微的；略微的；细小的
slightly adv. 略微；稍微（kind of; a little; a bit; a little bit）
not in the slightest一点也不；毫不；根本没有(not at all; not in the least)
a slight increase/change/delay/difference略微的增长 / 变化 / 拖延 / 差异
I woke up with a slight headache.
I knew her slightly.
27.twin [tw n] adj. 双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的n.生之一；双胞胎之一
28.nonverbal [n n v b( )l] adj. 不涉及言语的；非言语的
词根词缀：non-（不）+verbal （语言的）
29.assessment [ sesm nt] n. 评价；评定（同：evaluation）；估价；估算
assess [ ses] vt. 评估；评价（同：evaluate; rate）；估算；估价(同：estimate)
It’s difficult to assess the impact of the President’s speech.
Many of the adults were assessed as having learning difficulties.
Damage to the building was assessed at 40,000.
30.internal [ n t nl] adj. 内部的；里面的（反：external adj. 外部的；表面的）
internal organs 内脏 // internal injuries内伤 // internal doubts 内心的疑惑
31.straighten up 直起来；整理；收拾整齐
32.slump [sl mp] v. 垂头弯腰地走(或坐等)
33.pose [p z] n. 故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势 vi.摆好姿势 vt.造成(威胁、问题等)
pose a threat / challenge / danger / risk (to) 构成威胁 / 挑战 / 危险 / 风险
34.bend [bend] vt.＆v.(bent, bent)(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向 vi（路）转弯
n [C] （尤指道路或河流的）拐弯；弯道
bend 的词源义为“给弓绑上弓弦”，给弓上弦就要使弓弯曲，其释义逐渐扩大为“（使）弯曲”
a sharp bend in the road
bend to sb’s will［正式用语］屈服于某人的意愿
He bent the wire into the shape of a square.
He bent down / over and picked up a book from the floor.
The road bends to the right after a few yards.
35. reveal [r vi l] vt. 揭示；显示；露出；披露；透露
词根词缀：re- (相反) + veal (to cover 覆盖、遮盖) → 不遮盖 → 显露、露出
Details of the murder were revealed by the local paper.
The report reveals (that) the company made a loss of 20 million last year.
He laughed, revealing a line of white teeth.
He reveals his true character to very few people.
36.clarify [ kl r fa ] vt. 使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清
词根词缀：clear (清晰的) + -ify (to make 使) → 澄清；阐明
clarification [ kl r f ke n] n. 说明，澄清
to clarify a situation/problem/issue 澄清情况 / 问题
I hope this clarifies my position . 我希望这能阐明我的立场。
She asked him to clarify what he meant. 她要他说清楚他是什么意思。
37.in other words 换句话说；也就是说
38. educator [ ed uke t (r)] n. 教师；教育工作者；教育家
词根词缀：educate (教育) + -or (从事……的人) → 教育工作者
educate v. 教育// education n. 教育 // educational adj. 教育的
39. tick [t k] vt. 给(试卷、问题等)打钩号 vi.(钟表)发出嘀嗒声 n.钩号
40.tendency [ tend nsi] n. 趋势；倾向
tend [tend] vi. 趋向；易于；照顾vt. 照顾；护理
tend to do sth 打算做某事 // have a tendency to do sth 有做某事的倾向
When I'm tired, I tend to make mistakes.
I have a tendency to talk too much when I'm nervous.
41.lower [ l (r) , la (r)] vt. 把…放低；降低；减少（reduce）adj.下面的；下方的；较小的
lower class下层；下层社会；下层阶级；低收入阶级（反：upper class）
She lowered her newspaper and looked around.
This drug is used to lower blood pressure.
42.imply [ m pla ] vt. 意味着；暗示
词根词缀：im- (in 入、向内) + ply (to fold 折叠) → 折入其中，隐含于其中 → 暗示；暗指
43.barely [ be li] adv. 几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚；仅仅(近义词：hardly; only; just)
There was barely(hardly) any smell.
She was barely able to stand.
I had barely started speaking when he interrupted me.
He was barely 20 years old and already running his own company.
44.chin [t n] n. 下巴
45.occupy [ kjupa ] vt. 占据；占用 / 占去（时间、空间）(take up)： 使忙碌：
词根词缀：oc- (over 整个) + cup (grasp, seize 抓住) + -y → 整个抓住 → 占用 (基本义)
occupied （地方）被占领的；被侵占的 （反 unoccupied）
[不用于名词前] 被占用的；有人使用的；[不用于名词前] 忙于……的：
occupation n. [U] 占领；居住：[C] 工作；职业
a country under occupation 被占领的国家
be occupied with 忙着做……；忙于某事物=occupy oneself with
During the war, Germany occupied many countries, including France.
His speech occupied only three minutes.
The bed seemed to occupy most of the room.
Sorry, this seat is occupied.
You can imagine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 8! (2011 天津)
I have been so occupied with work that I haven’t had time for social activities.
What do you imagine will be your future occupation
46. stare [ste (r)] vi. 盯着看；凝视 n.凝视
stare at 盯着；凝视 // glare (vi&n) at 生气地瞪着
look (vi&n) at 看 // glance (vi&n) at 扫一眼
have/catch a glimpse ([ɡl mps] vi&n) of 瞥见
She stared at the painting, wondering where she had seen it. (2009 重庆)
47.ceiling [ si l ] n. 天花板；上限 // hit the ceiling/roof (informal) 勃然大怒；怒气冲天
48.distract [d str kt] vt. 分散(注意力)；使分心
词根词缀：dis- (分离、分开) + tract (拉) → 拉开注意力 → 分散 (注意力) ；使分心
distraction n. 消遣；娱乐；分散注意力；使人分心的事
49.perceive [p si v] vt. 察觉；看待；理解
词根词缀：per- (thoroughly 完全) + ceive (to grasp, take 抓住) → 完全抓住 → 察觉；理解
perception [p sep n] n. 觉察
perceptive [p sept v] adj.感性的；知觉的；理解力强的；有洞察力的
I perceived a change in his behaviour.
This discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough.
50.distinguish [d st ɡw ] vi.＆vt. 区分；辨别
词根词缀：dis- (apart 分开) + -sting (刺、做标记) → 分开标记 → 区别；辨认
distinguished 尊敬的；尊贵的；杰出的；著名的
distinguished ladies and gentlemen 尊敬的女士们先生们
distinguished guest 贵宾；尊贵的客人
be distinguished for 因...而著称；以...而著名
distinguish A from B/distinguish between A and B 区分A与B
distinguish between good and evil 区别善恶 // distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非
Speech distinguishes man from the animals.
Sometimes reality and fantasy are hard to distinguish.
51.anxiety [ za ti] n. 焦虑;担心;害怕
anxious [ k s] adj. 忧虑的；不安的（必修一 Welcome Unit）
anxiously adv 忧虑地；不安地
out of anxiety 出于焦虑
in anxiety焦急地=anxiously
We had an anxious couple of weeks waiting for the test results.
He was anxious that they should have all they want.
Children normally feel a lot of anxiety about / over their first day at school.
52.chest [t est] n. 胸部；胸 // have a broad chest 胸怀广阔
53.embarrassed [ m b r st] adj. 难堪的；尴尬的；窘迫的；害羞的；拮据的
embarrass v.使得尴尬
词根词缀：em （进入…之中；包围） + barrass （套子） → 被套子套住 → 难堪
embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的
embarrassment n. 尴尬
His clumsiness embarrassed him.
The speech was deliberately designed to embarrass the prime minister.
He felt embarrassed at being the centre of attention.
54.ashamed [ e md] adj. 羞愧；惭愧
be ashamed of sth./doing sth对感到惭愧或羞耻
shame n. 可耻，耻辱
shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的
It is a shame that…遗憾的是
She was deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party.
His face burned with shame
It is a shame that he should have failed the exam.
55.merely [ m li] adv.只是；仅仅；只不过=simply= only= just
mere adj.仅仅的
not only ... but (also)...= not merely/just/ simply...but (also)
It took her a mere 20 minutes to win.
It is not merely a job, but a way of life.
56.call on (短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请
call on sb. to do sth. 号召某人做某事
call up 给……打电话=ring up 给……打电话=phone up
call for 来接某人；需要；呼吁；要求
call off 取消=cancel
57.bother [ b (r)] vi.＆vt.费心；麻烦；因…操心；麻烦；不便；打扰(disturb; interrupt)
bothered adj［不用于名词前］担心的；烦恼的
can’t be bothered to do sth 懒得做某事；嫌麻烦不做某事：
not bother to do sth 懒得做某事
He didn’t bother to answer the question.
— I need to advertise for a roommate for next term.— Why bother Mary is interested. (2011 天津)
Sorry to bother you, but the manager is on the line.
My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.（ 2020 浙江）
58.weep [wi p] (wept, wept) vi.＆vt.哭泣；流泪 n.哭泣；落泪
weep for joy喜极而泣
cry 大哭 // sob 抽泣，啜泣
59.at work 有某种影响；在工作
I was at work when I got a phone call.
The machine is at work.
As a matter of fact, we can see this principle at work in people of all ages.
60. conflict [ k nfl kt , k n fl kt] n. 矛盾；冲突 vi.冲突；抵触
词根词缀：con- (with, together 一起) + flict (to strike 打) → 一起打 → 冲突
隐喻：具体的军事、武装冲突 → 抽象的“矛盾、冲突”
John often comes into conflict with his boss.
She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.
Her diary was a record of her inner conflict.
His opinions conflicted with mine.
61.inquire [ n'kwa (r)] vi.＆vt.(or:enquire)询问；打听
词根词缀in- (into 进入) + quir (to seek 寻求) + -e → 深入寻求 (信息) → 打听；询问
I'd like to inquire about the price of your new model.
62.ultimately [ lt m tli] adv 最终；最后=eventuality=finally=at last=in the end
ultimate adj.最终的；最后的
our ultimate goal/aim/objective/target 我们最终的目的 / 目标
Ultimately, you'll have to make the decision yourself.
63.adjust [ d st] vt. 调整；调节vi,＆.适应；(使)习惯（同：adapt）
adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的
adjustment n. 调整；调节；(行为、思想的)调整，适应
well-adjusted 能适应环境的
adjust sth (to sth),
adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth/adapt (oneself) to (doing) sth. 适应……
be used to doing/ be accustomed to doing习惯做某事
Adjust your language to the age of your audience.
Watch out for the sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.
It took her a while to adjust to living alone.
I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation.
64.intervene [ nt vi n] vi. 干预；介入（同：interfere [ nt f (r)] ）；插嘴；打断（同：interrupt）
词根词缀：inter- (between 在中间) + vene (to come 来) → 来到中间 → 干预；介入
The situation calmed down when police intervened.
Hattie intervened and told me to stop it.
65.react vi. (对…)起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应
词根词缀：re- (again 再) + act (行动) → 再次行动 → 回应
reaction n [U] & [C] 反应；作用：
How did the students react to the monitor’s suggestion
Some people react badly to certain food.
It shows us how iron reacts with air and with water.
ponent [k m p n nt] n. 组成部分；零件
词根词缀：com 共同 + pon 放，放置 + ent 关于…的 → 共同放到一起 → 组成的
compose v. 组成，作曲
composer n. (尤指古典音乐的)创作者；作曲者；作曲家；
composition n. 作文
opponent [ 'p n nt] n.对手；反对者；敌手 adj.对立的；敌对的
67.tone [t n] n. 语气；腔调；口吻 // tune 曲调，基调