福建省部分市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语汇编：阅读理解（含解析）

福建省部分市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试题分类汇编
阅读理解
福建省厦门市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语质检卷（含解析）
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Food books can bring a culture to life. The following food books are bursting with delicious food, as well as entertaining and engaging storytelling.
Pierre Thiam’s latest book aims to share everyday, easy-to-cook recipes like baked ginger-chili plantain kelewele. He explains how so many dishes and ingredients from the American South and other regions can trace their origin to West Africa. The 80 recipes are accessible and present a range of traditional and modern takes on the cuisine.
Fuchsia Dunlop’s book examines classic Chinese dishes, like mapo tofu, soup dumplings and Dongpo pork. This book includes history, philosophy, cooking techniques, and Dunlop’s on-the-ground research conducted over three decades to present a fascinating exploration of this ever-changing cuisine.
Tamar Adler seeks to make leftovers more appealing and lower food waste in the process with her latest book, which contains around 1,500 recipes. This isn’t what you’d call a beautiful coffee table-style cookbook — it’s practical and the creative secrets within are truly mind-blowing.
Natasha Pickowicz is an innovative chef. More Than Cake is her first cookbook, full of invaluable tips like how to build a layer (层) cake. Aside from great baking recipes, this cookbook tries to live up to its name by sharing how baking can provide so much more than just tasty sweets — it can give community, purpose, joy and love.
1. Who explores Chinese food culture in the cookbook
A. Pierre Thiam. B. Fuchsia Dunlop.
C. Tamar Adler. D. Natasha Pickowicz.
2. What do Simply West African and The Everlasting Meal Cookbook have in common
A. They are the writers’ latest books. B. They advocate lower food waste.
C. They have the same number of recipes. D. They aim to share West African dishes.
3. Which book favors cake-baking lovers
A. Simply West African. B. Invitation to a Banquet.
C. The Everlasting Meal Cookbook. D. More Than Cake.
B
The living room is cleared. The host taps a wine glass with a knife, and people file in, filling the sofas and chairs that are pushed up against the walls. Soon every seat in the house is taken, and a bottle of schnapps is passed around. Lyon Hansen, who minutes before was knocking about in the kitchen, walks over and picks up a guitar and starts to play. Hoyma has begun.
For one night, homeowners primarily in Sydrugota, a small town on the Faroe Islands, open their doors, inviting friends, family and tourists in to enjoy intimate (亲密的) concerts by local artists. The tradition dates back nearly 500 years to a time when Faroese life had to move underground due to Danish rule. The culture and the language was kept alive in people’s living rooms, where they gathered to sing and tell stories.
The modern Hoyma concert series started as an offshoot (分支) of the G! Festival, an annual musical event on the beaches of Eysturoy every summer since 2002. Around 2007, G! Festival’s creator Jón Tyril, exhausted by all the red tape (繁文缛节) that came with putting on a big music festival, started to dream a little smaller. Specifically, he started to think about tiny concerts held in living rooms—no sound systems or spotlights, the audience made up of as many people as can fit inside a house. The idea resounded in his mind, not only because it didn’t involve any heavy lifting, physically or mentally, but also because it went back to the longstanding Faroese tradition.
Since 2007, Hoyma has featured 20 concerts in ten different family homes in Sydrugota. For Laksá, hosting the concerts is not only fun, but a way to give back, and to ensure the islands survive in the modern world. As in many families, her daughters grew up and left the Faroes. “They studied in the U. K. for nine years, but both came back,” she says. “I actually think that Hoyma is partly the reason why many children from this village that go abroad come back. They are proud of it.”
4. How does the author introduce the topic
A. By presenting a scene. B. By evaluating an argument.
C. By clarifying a concept. D. By making an assumption.
5. When can the tradition of Hoyma be traced to
A. A stage when the G! Festival was needed by the Faroese.
B. A period when only local artists were allowed to perform.
C. An occasion when people celebrated the encounters with tourists.
D. A time when freedom of the Faroese was limited because of Danish rule.
6. What does Jón Tyril think of home concerts
A. Economical and varied. B. Convenient and entirely original.
C. Accessible and profitable. D. Simple and culturally attached.
7 What does the author indicate by mentioning Laksá and her daughters
A. Hoyma contributes to the survival of the islands.
B. Hoyma reflects the affection between mother and children.
C. Hoyma is gaining popularity across the globe in modern times.
D. Hoyma becomes enter taining with the involvement of the young.
C
When I first met Nao Junior, he was in his 40s and one of only nine members of his Indigenous(土著的) group, Great Andamanese, who still spoke the idiom of his ancestors. As a language specialist, I had researched more than 80 Indian languages. I was on the islands to document their Indigenous voices before they faded into whispers.
Words in this language consisted of two classes: free and bound. The free words were all nouns that referred to the environment and its inhabitants, such as ra for “pig”. They could occur alone. The bound words were nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs that always existed with markers indicating a relation to other objects, events or states. The markers came from seven zones of the body and were attached to a root word to describe concepts such as “inside”, “outside”, “upper” and “lower”. For example, the morpheme(词素) er-, which qualified most anything having to do with an outer body part, could be stuck to -cho to yield ercho, meaning “head”.
Just as a head, a bound word, could not conceptually exist on its own, the mode and effect of an action could not be divided from the verb describing the action. Great Andamanese had no words for agriculture but a great many for hunting and fishing, mainly with a bow and arrow. Thus, the root word shile, meaning “to aim”, had several versions: utshile, to aim from above; arashile, to aim from a distance; and eshile, aiming to make a hole with a sharp object.
The studies established that the language seems to be truly old in origin. In a multistage process of development, words describing diverse body parts had changed into morphemes referring to different zones and combined with content words to yield meaning. The structure alone provides an insight into an ancient worldview in which the macrocosm(宏观世界) reflects the microcosm, and everything that is or that happens inseparably connects to everything else.
8. What is the purpose of the author’s stay on the islands
A. To meet with an old friend. B. To teach Indigenous idioms.
C. To record an ancient language. D. To trace her ancestors.
9. “Aim at a pig’s head from afar” in Great Andamanese may be ______.
A. Arashile raercho B. Arashile ercho
C. Eshile ercho D. Eshile raercho
10. What can we infer from the verbs in Great Andamanese
A. A verb could describe more than one action. B. Some of the verbs could be used on their own.
C. The locals probably live off seafood and meat. D. The tools used in people’s daily life are diverse.
11. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. Great Andamanese is the origin of multiple languages.
B. Great Andamanese is a doorway to the ancient wisdom.
C. Great Andamanese tells the development of the community.
D. Human body shapes Great Andamanese’s unique worldview.
D
A working semiconductor(半导体) has been created from graphene(石墨烯), potentially laying the foundation for a new type of computer with greater speed and efficiency than today’s silicon chips(硅基芯片) allow.
Graphene, a material made from a single layer of carbon atoms, is a good electrical conductor resistant to heat and acids. But a working graphene semiconductor which can be controlled to conduct or separate electricity at will, has evaded scientists. Such semiconductors are key to creating the logic chips that power computers.
The problem has been the lack of what is known as a bandgap. Semiconductors have bands of higher and lower energies and a point—the bandgap—at which excited electrons can jump from one to the other. This effectively allows the flow of current to be switched on and off, so it is either conducting or not conducting, creating the binary system of zeroes and ones used in digital computers.
Now, Walter de Heer at the Georgia Institute of Technology and his colleagues have created graphene with a bandgap and demonstrated a working transistor, an on/off switch that either prevents or allows current to flow through it. De Heer said the electrical properties of a graphene semiconductor were far better than those of silicon chips. “It’s like driving on a rocky road versus driving on a freeway,” he said.
Silicon chips are cheap to make and backed by extensive production facilities, but we are reaching their limits. Moore’s law states the number of transistors in a circuit will double roughly every two years, but the rate of downsizing has slowed recently as engineers reach circuit concentration beyond which electrons can’t be reliably controlled.
“You can use all the technology the whole semiconductor industry is totally comfortable with to scale up this process,” says David Carey at the University of Surrey, UK. But he suspects the world will soon shift to graphene chips, because silicon has such a head start. “Most people working on silicon are bombed daily by new, wonderful materials that are about to replace it and none of it’s ever happened,” he says.
12 What does the underlined word “evaded” probably mean in paragraph 2
A. Surprised. B. Attracted. C. Annoyed. D. Puzzled.
13. Why is a bandgap crucial
A It excites the jump of electrons. B. It creates the system of zero s and ones.
C. It balances the higher and lower energies. D. It allows the on and off of the current flow.
14. What advantage might graphene semiconductor have over silicon chips
A. Superior electrical characteristics. B. Stronger production support.
C. Lower development cost. D. Slower downsizing rate.
15. What may be David’s attitude to graphene chips’ application in the near future
A. Uncaring. B. Favorable. C. Doubtful. D. Disapproving.
福建省三明市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试题（含解析）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Is your child interested in a camp with Girl Scout (童子军) activities Attending a summer camp with this focus is a perfect way for them to explore while giving them experience and confidence. Browse our selection and find the perfect fit for your child.
Code Ninjas Camps (CNC)
Transform your child’s love for technology into an exciting learning adventure. Guided by our team of Code Senseis, Code Ninjas Camps empower kids to gain valuable tech skills and make new friends. It’s an unforgettably fun learning experience! Our camps invent, inspire and create to bring out the inventor and creator in your child this Summer and Spring Break.
Fighting Illini Sports Camps (FISC)
The University of Illinois has committed itself to the development of well-rounded summer camp programs for boys and girls. Camps are offered for boys and girls in cheer leading, cross country, golf and swimming. Also offered are camps for boys in baseball, football, gymnastics and wrestling, as well as camps for girls in basketball, gymnastics, soccer, softball and volleyball. Team camps are available in Cheer leading, Basketball, Football and Volleyball.
Girl Scouts of Central Indiana (GSCI)
Campers will enjoy the great outdoors, improve their mental health, make new friends and learn more about themselves! Girl Scouts of Central Indiana has five unique camps, each situated on beautiful sprawling acres, and each with their own special touch. Activities vary by camp program/event/location, and may include: hiking, swimming, jumping on the giant trampoline, horse or pedal car riding. It’s definitely more fun than you’d ever expect for such a great price!
1. Who is CNC intended for
A. Girls interested in science. B. Kids fond of sports.
C. Teenagers addicted to games. D. Children keen on adventures.
2. What is special about FISC
A. Activities are organized outdoors. B. Activities are available to boys.
C. Programming courses are provided. D. Campers need to be creative.
3. What activity is provided by both FISC and GSCI
A. Soccer. B. Hiking. C. Swimming. D. Wrestling.
B
My long-distance cycling career of 13 years and 35,000 kilometres ended as I approached 75 in 2019. The realisation of this dawned on me slowly during my last ride in the US summer of that same year. Although I am now no longer strong enough to endure the long days and big climbs, day in and day out, I have my memories.
Long distance cycling brings pain, anxiety and exhaustion, but these pale into insignificance compared to the joy and satisfaction of climbing huge mountains or seeing spectacular sights for the first time. Real joy would come when I was alone, on my bicycle, in some remote and beautiful place. You could say that these same feelings could have been experienced in a car, but I know this not to be true. I had time to observe nature and life, all of which would have been bypassed in a car.
I enjoyed meeting and beating the daily schedule I had set for myself. I enjoyed the ever-changing vegetation, the people, kind, unkind and indifferent, whom I met along the way. No matter how hard or easy the ride was, I always enjoyed the achievement of arriving, followed by a hot shower and bed, when I could find a motel. On the other nights, I was happy to camp. Meeting a diversity of people with different perspectives on life was easy. The cycling devices allowed me to strike up conversations in pubs and cafes and I got to see and experience the very best in people.
The road ahead always loomed large, as did the mountains, the cold, the mosquitoes and the rain. The road behind is just memories, lack of pain and anxiety, some soon to be forgotten, others to be valued and boosted with the retelling.
Cycling taught me to like who I am. I am finally happy with and accepting of my introverted (内向的) personality. I have more persistence and courage than I ever imagined. These trips all required courage, courage which I never knew I possessed.
4. What made the author end his cycling career
A. Financial problems.
B. Lack of interest in cycling.
C. Desire to pursue other hobbies.
D. Physical inability to bear long rides.
5. What was the real pleasure for the author
A. Meeting different people. B. Beating the daily schedule.
C. Experiencing nature up close. D. Climbing huge mountains.
6. What special insight did the author gain through cycling
A. Nature deserves exploring.
B. One could find a real self.
C. Introverted people could be sociable.
D. Communication with strangers helps a lot.
7. Where is the text most likely from
A. A magazine. B. A brochure. C. A novel. D. A manual.
C
At Marine Mammal Laboratory, laboratory director Herman put a dolphin through its paces. Using hand signals, Herman asked, “Is the ball in the pool ” The dolphin correctly pressed a lever for “YES”. Herman asked it to push the ball to a basket. It did. Then he signaled his pupil to do it again, but he removed the basket. Herman expected the dolphin to be confused. Instead, it carried the ball to the NO lever and stopped there. Herman was astonished. “This is a totally untrained, invented response,” he said, “We never dreamed the animal would ‘think’ the problem through like that.”
To get a closer look at these amazing creatures, Herman and his team spent a week on board the Jennifer Marie. Whenever they heard the cry “Dolphins!” they slipped into the water. The dolphins approached, curious about them, observing them with dark, liquid eyes. Dolphins love to imitate. If they swam on their backs, Dolphins did too. If they dived, Dolphins followed. This talent can be carried to extraordinary lengths. In one instance, a trainer blew a puff of cigarette smoke against the window of an observation tank. A young dolphin rushed to its mother, nursed briefly, and spat out a cloud of milk against the glass.
Herman said “We’re still in the early stages of learning about the intelligence of these animals and our ability to communicate with them.” Scientists are amazed at dolphins’ intelligence, but fear for the future of these trusting ocean creatures.
Dolphins’ trouble could be sharks, killer whales or, worse yet, a fishing vessel. Indeed, in the past three decades, commercial fishing, especially the biggest threat—the drift net fishing, has greatly decreased the world’s dolphin population. Every night in the North Pacific, hundreds of Asian fishing vessels put out these “curtains of death,” each up to 50 miles long. Floating with the currents, they sweep up all sea life in their path. People wonder what the world would be without dolphins.
8. Why did the dolphin stop at the NO lever
A. It was confused. B. It was unable to do the task.
C. It refused to listen to the order. D. It found the basket wasn’t there.
9. Why did the dolphin spit out a cloud of milk against the glass
A. To copy human behavior. B. To threaten its playmate.
C. To show off its talent. D. To drive the trainer away.
10. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Further research on dolphins is essential.
B. Intelligent Dolphins could tackle their troubles.
C. Some measures should be taken to protect dolphins.
D. Drift nets are the biggest trouble for marine animals.
11. What’s the best title for the text
A. Dolphins: clever naughty B. Dolphins: intelligent, threatened
C. Dolphins: humans’ best friends D. Dolphins: smartest marine animals
D
In a world where fire threatens more and more homes, scientists have developed a surprising type of material that might keep some buildings safer: thin sheets of fungi (真菌).
Underneath every mushroom is a branching network of root like structures called a mycelium (菌丝体). Now researchers have successfully grown these networks into pizza-size sheets that could act as a fire retardant in building materials, according to a new study in Polymer Degradation and Stability.
“Using a biological material like mycelium has enormous benefits”, says senior author Everson Kandare. Unlike asbestos, which is still sometimes added to building materials as a fire retardant, mycelium does not release poisonous compounds when exposed to fire. “When there is a building fire, it often isn’t the flame intensity or the heat that kills or injures people,” says Kandare, an engineer at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia. “It is the smoke and the poisonous metal that comes out of building materials.”
The new mycelium sheets, grown into protective carpets up to a few millimeters thick, could prevent such building materials from burning in the first place. Mycelium contains a lot of carbon. When exposed to fire, the sheet briefly burns, releasing water and carbon dioxide into the air, leaving behind a black layer of carbon.
This study is the first to integrate these properties into a useful building material. Kandare suggests mycelium could replace the fire retardant foam (泡沫剂), which can produce CO and other poisonous products when it burns.
The RMIT team has been reaching out to mushroom farmers to see whether they could promote the technology for commercial use. Kandare says, “Mycelium can grow in the dark, which means its energy needs are relatively minimal. Even better, mycelium is a biological material, and any waste it leaves behind can be used as fertilizer.”
12. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase
A. Fire block. B. Fire signal. C. Fire alarm. D. Fire detection.
13. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. Components of protective carpets.
B. Process of growing mycelium sheets.
C. Environmental impact of the material.
D. Working principle of mycelium sheets.
14. What can we learn about the new material
A. It is widely used.
B. It contains enormous foam.
C. It’s resistant to high temperature.
D. It’s a safer option for construction.
15. What is Kandare’s attitude to mycelium’s future use
A. Contradictory. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Cautious.
福建省宁德市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题（含解析）
第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
These train routes show the very best of winter in North America.
Empire Builder
The splendid view of the American West is only a train ticket away. Running from Chicago to Seattle, this route takes you through a vast land where ice and snow glitter over the wintry land. Trips are available from mid-September to March each year.
Aurera Winter Train
This popular, 12-hour train ride takes you from Anchorage to Fairbanks. On the way, you can get a spectacular view of the Alaskan wilderness, from snow-capped mountains to beautiful wildlife native to the area like bears. Not to mention an up close view of Denali, the highest peak in North America. Trips are usually planned for weekends from November to mid-May.
Yellowstone in the Winter
This five-day trip begins and ends in Salt Lake City, running between November and March every year. The winter train ride is built around a tour of Yellowstone National Park. Not only is wildlife much easier to spot—especially wolves native to the area —you also won’t have to fight crowds to get a good view.
Seattle and Canadian Rockies Winter Discovery
This nine-day trip begins in Seattle and takes you over the border to our neighbor to the north. With stops in Vancouver and Calgary, you’re sure to see all the best views of forests, lakes and the snow-capped mountains the Canadian Rockies have to offer. The train runs on select dates from November to April.
1. If you want to travel in October, which train trip is suitable for you
A. Empire Builder. B. Aurora Winter Train.
C. Yellowstone in the Winter. D. Seatle and Canadian Rockies Winter Discovery.
2. What do Aurora Winter Train and Yellowstone in the Winter have in common
A. They’re both crowded through the year.
B. They operate for the same period of time.
C. Travelers have a chance to see animals in nature.
D. Travelers can spot the highest mountain in North America.
3. What is unique about Seattle and Canadian Rockies Winter Discovery
A. The train runs all year long. B. It tours around a national park.
C. Snow-capped mountains can be seen. D. The train takes you to another country.
B
At 19, determined not to spend my gap year stuck at home, I took off with a friend and we traveled around Europe for months. We stayed in the cheapest accommodation and lived on bread and cheese.
This was 1990, a time before mobile phones and the Internet, when the primary contact with home was mails from the post office. Before I left, Mom had made me a money bag and a sleeping sheet to avoid unclean bedding. She didn’t want me to go, and these gifts were her way of telling me to have a wonderful time.
It’s only now, as my 18-year-old daughter is preparing to leave on her own gap year trip, that I understand how Mom felt.
While working multiple jobs and saving money, my daughter has also researched where to stay, how to get around and what to do before setting off. She rarely asks for my opinion and I am unsure whether I should wade in (介入) or back off. I want to be supportive but not too involved. I want to be cool but not aloof (漠不关心的) . I want to be like the perfect travel guide.
After all, when she first mentioned gap year travel, I was encouraging, wanting her to have her own experiences that shape her. Though I’m not quite ready, this trip is about her. This is not 1990 and I am not stuck at home waiting for a letter. Therefore, I haven’t concentrated too long on the idea of her not being here. I have promised not to bother her with messages, but at least I know she can contact me when she wants to.
4. What do we know about the author’s travel in 1990
A. She traveled around Europe alone. B. She probably contacted home by letter.
C. She worked multiple jobs while traveling. D. She booked her accommodations online.
5. What bothered the author about her daughter’s upcoming trip
A. She was worried about the cost of the trip.
B. She had little knowledge about the destination.
C. She was unsure of how involved she should be.
D. She doubted her daughter’s ability to look after herself.
6. What did the author finally decide to do
A. Tum a blind eye to her daughter. B. Take charge of her daughter’s trip.
C. Contact her daughter as often as possible. D. Stay connected but not disturb too much.
7. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text
A. To analyse parent-child relationship.
B. To suggest how to plan a gap year trip.
C. To compare different gap year travel experiences.
D. To share mixed feelings about her daughter’s trip.
C
If there’s such a person as a young STEM icon, Gitanjali Rao is the one.
In April 2014, the city of Flint disconnected from Detroit’s water line as a cost-cutting measure and began to draw water from the Flint River. Soon after, shockingly high levels of lead (铅) were found in the city’s water supply. Residents including children were showing up with mysterious rashes and other illnesses.
When she learned about the crisis, Gitanjali decided to do something. “I was shocked and I wanted to do something to change this,” she said. Inspiration really struck her after she watched her engineer parents test for lead in the tap water. She decided to build a lead-detecting device that would be easy and affordable for anyone to use. In 2017, she developed a device called Tethys. It won her the title “America’s Top Young Scientist” in the 3M Young Scientist Challenge. Meanwhile, Rao had been working on solutions to other issues she cared about. She started developing Epione, a device that tests protein in body fluid samples to detect opioid (阿片类药物) use disorder, in 2018.
“Many people need opioids and end up with serious addictions,” she said. “Physicians don’t have any easy tools to detect opioid addiction at an early stage.”
Additionally, Rao launched an Al-based, anti-cyberbullying app called Kindly in May 2020. “You type in a sentence, and it’s able to pick a word or phrase out if it’s bullying, and it gives you the option to edit it,” said Rao. “As a teenager, I know teenagers tend to lash out sometimes, though unintentionally. The app gives you the chance to stop and think about your words before you hit ‘Send’.”
8. Why did Flint stop drawing water from Detroit
A. Flint wanted to save some money.
B. Flint aimed to develop its local economy.
C. The residents worried about water safety.
D The public forced Flint to change its water supply.
9. What made Gitanjali want to do something for Flint’s water crisis
A. Her STEM course’s requirement. B. Her wish to inspire others.
C. Her pity for Flint’s residents. D. Her determination to help her parents.
10. Which of the following best explains “lash out” in Paragraph 5
A. To adopt new ideas. B. To make verbal attack.
C. To exchange opinions. D. To show off their abilities.
11. How would you describe Gitanjali
A. Smart and caring. B. Innovative and gentle.
C Creative and honest. D. Helpful and grateful.
D
After nearly 70 years of space exploration, Earth is now surrounded by space junk. Recently, an accident made the cleanup more difficult to start.
According to the European Space Agency (ESA) , scientists plan on testing their “junk truck”, ClearSpace-1, in 2025. It’s a spacecraft with four arms that can catch debris (碎片) and bring it back to Earth. They have chosen to bring back VESPA, a 113-kilogram, two-meter-wide rocket part. However, in August, it was hit by another piece of space junk, creating new pieces. The ESA is now revising its cleanup plan.
Most satellites today are sent into Earth’s low orbit, which reaches up to around 2, 000 kilometers above the Earth. There, spacecraft are most likely to crash with each other. There may be as many as 170 million pieces of space junk in orbit. Big or small, any of the pieces can cause harm to a spacecraft.
In terms of the cleanup, scientists have some other ideas. One popular plan is to equip a spacecraft with harpoons (叉) and magnets (磁铁) . The craft would shoot the harpoon to stick into the debris before “throwing” it back to Earth. Magnets could move the debris, changing its direction. The debris would burn after entering Earth’s atmosphere so there wouldn’t be much left when it reaches Earth. Scientists are also considering shooting lasers (激光) from spacecraft to heat up the debris’ surface, creating a small push that would change the debris’ orbit. This change would allow the debris to be caught by Earth’s gravity.
Space junk can be very dangerous, and space agencies around the world are testing and planning the cleanup. But why haven’t they done anything yet One reason is the expense.
It would take between $4, 000 and $60, 000 per kilogram to catch one piece of debris larger than 10 cm. And around $300 million is needed to develop the laser technology.
12. What’s the mission of ClearSpace-1
A. To mark Earth’s low orbit. B. To monitor space debris.
C. To study the harm of space junk. D. To bring VESPA back to Earth.
13. How do lasers work in cleaning up space debris
A. By burning it up in space. B. By pushing it into deeper space.
C. By moving it towards a spacecraft. D. By redirecting it into the atmosphere.
14. What’s a disadvantage of the cleanup according to the last two paragraphs
A. It’s complex. B. It’s risky. C. It’s costly. D. It’s changeable.
15. What might be a suitable title
A. Escaping from Crowded Space B. Looking for Ways to Clean up Space
C. Dangerous Space Debris D. Exceptional Space Exploration
福建省漳州市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试题（含解析）
第一节（共11小题；每小题2.5分，满分27.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Wetlands occur wherever water meets land. Wetlands exist in every country and in every climatic zone. Healthy wetlands store carbon, regulate the water cycle, and support 40% of the world’s biodiversity.
Jiangxi Poyang Lake Nanji Wetlands
Nanji Wetlands is located in the southern part of the main lake area of Poyang Lake, covering a total area of 33,300 hectares. It is an incredibly valuable ecosystem and serves as a vital habitat for various wetland bird species, including many national first-class and second-class protected animals.
Anhui Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve
The Anhui Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve is a freshwater lake wetland, with an area of 33,333 hectares. It is primarily set up as the wintering grounds of rare birds. Within the reserve, there are a total of 142 bird species, including 66 species of migratory (迁徙的) birds. This reserve holds the distinction of being the largest natural wintering ground for the hooded crane (丹顶鹤) population worldwide.
Gansu Yellow River Shouqu Wetlands
The Gansu Yellow River Shouqu National Nature Reserve is located within Maqu county. It covers a total area of 203,401 hectares, with 132,067 hectares intended for wetland conservation. The primary objective of this reserve is to protect the highland wetland ecosystem, as well as the habitat of migratory birds, particularly the black-necked crane. In February 2020, it was officially approved as a Wetland of International Importance.
Guangdong Nanpeng Islands Reserve
Established in 2003, Guangdong Nanpeng Islands Reserve covers a total area of 35,679 hectares. In 2015, it was recognized and included in the International Important Wetlands Directory. The main focus of the reserve is to protect the unique underwater natural landscape, the ecosystems of the nearby coastal waters, the important rare and endangered marine (海洋的) animals.
1. Which wetland covers the largest area
A. Nanji Wetlands.
B Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve.
C. Shouqu Wetlands.
D. Guangdong Nanpeng Islands Reserve.
2. What is the primary purpose of founding Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve
A. To preserve natural landscapes.
B. To house rare birds in winter.
C. To reproduce hooded cranes.
D. To store freshwater.
3. What does Guangdong Nanpeng Islands Reserve mainly protect
A. Highland wetland ecosystem. B. Marine ecosystems.
C. Underwater animals. D. Bird habitats.
B
Looking back, I spent many unhappy days. In middle school I didn’t think I was as smart as everyone else; I didn’t have cool enough clothes. Junior high was the same. I wasn’t as tall and thin as all the other girls; my baby teeth hadn’t fallen out yet. Fast forward to high school. Still everyone was smarter; still everyone dressed better. Eventually, in my first job out of college I wasn’t making as much money as my friends did.
I come from a long line of people who’ve suffered from depression. When I was single, I thought that was just who I was — it was the genes (基因) I was born with. When I was twenty-six, I got married, and three years later I had my first child.
Once we had kids, my excuse of “it’s-in-the-genes” didn’t work so well for me anymore because that meant my kids would be depressed. Although I realized that still might be the case, I began looking at my unhappiness in new ways.
Over the years many things helped me fight depression: healthy eating, exercise, fresh air, friends and medicine. They all helped. But I had a little secret, too. It’s an exercise I did every night before bed. By the side of my bed, I had a small datebook — every day I only had enough space to write one line.
Every night I asked myself: “What made me the happiest today ” Because I didn’t have space to write a lot, it only took me a few seconds. But in those seconds I replayed my day and decided on its happiest moment.
Some days it was “reading before bed with the kids” or “laughing with a friend on the phone”. And other days it was “finally getting to get into bed” or “not having to cook dinner again”. Anyway, I actively sought the positive every day. Today, when I have a difficult day, I look back through the datebook, read and remember those happy moments in the past.
4. What can be inferred from paragraph 1
A. The author led a poor life.
B. The author got a high-pay job.
C. The author challenged herself bravely.
D The author usually compared herself with others.
5. What changed the author’s mind
A. Her first career. B. Her happy marriage.
C. Her care for her children. D. Her knowledge of genes.
6. Why did the author keep a datebook every day
A. To ease her loneliness. B. To have a sound sleep.
C. To recall happy moments. D. To serve as bedtime stories.
7. What can we learn from the story
A. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
B. Mother should set a good example for kids.
C. There could be a solution to any problem.
D. We should appreciate life’s bright aspects.
C
Nick Clegg, one of the most powerful executives, has compared the hype (炒作) over artificial intelligence to the 1980s-era“moral panic” (恐慌) over video games, which gives a warning to international politicians and regulators when they gather for a two-day conference at Bletchley Park on Al safety.
“New technologies always lead to hype,” Clegg stated, “they often lead to excessive (过度的) passion among the advocates and excessive pessimism (悲观) among the critics. I remember the 80s. There was this moral panic about video games. There were moral panics about radio, the bicycle, and the internet.”
Much of the conversation this week will focus on longer-term risks, including the potential for an AI system to escape human control, with many experts warning that a sufficiently advanced system could even pose a threat to humanity itself.
“The risks posed by frontier Al are serious and it is critical that we work together to recognise these risks.” Michelle Donelan, the UK’s science and technology secretary, said before the conference. “This conference provides an opportunity for us to ensure we have the right people gathered around the table to discuss how we can mitigate these risks moving forward. Only then will we be able to truly harvest the benefits of this innovative technology in a responsible manner.”
Officials say one of the main aims of the conference is to persuade those at the cutting edge of developing AI technology to slow down their efforts to build the most advanced models.
But Clegg’s comments suggest that is likely to be a hard challenge. He said too much government involvement may stand in the way of AI innovation. “In this area, it is really important to allow innovators, builders to develop these technologies without immediately assuming that whatever they do next is going to pose some existential risk.”
8. Why does Clegg mention the moral panic in 1980s
A. To suggest unnecessary worry about AI.
B. To sound an alarm against AI.
C. To introduce Al safety concept.
D. To offer a solution to politicians.
9. What do Clegg’s statements imply in paragragh 2
A. People prefer to go to extremes.
B. People will be trapped in AI longer-term risks.
C. People should treat AI development reasonably.
D. People still fear the moral panic caused in the 1980s.
10. What does the underlined word “mitigate” mean in paragraph 4
A. Reduce. B. Evaluate. C. Identify. D. Bear.
11. What is Clegg’s attitude towards Al development
A. Disapproval. B. Supportive. C. Concerned. D. Objective.
福建省南平市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题（含解析）
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Welcome to Gemini, an advanced application that leads the art of AI painting and portraiture! We combine AI technology with art to provide you with an extraordinary creative experience. Whether you’re an artist, photographer, or just someone who loves creating, Gemini will be your creative partner.
Feature Highlights:
1. AI painting tools: Let AI become your creative partner. Use Gemini’s AI painting tools to easily create fascinating works of art. Choose a style, color, theme, and let the magic of AI begin!
2. AI photo editing: Gemini’s AI photo editing function can make your photos more eye-catching. Beautify, filter (滤镜), style switch -all in one click to bring your photos to life.
3. Creative Toolbox: Explore a wealth of creative tools, including brushes, color adjustments, layer management, and more, to launch your creativity, whether you’re a beginner or a professional.
4. Multi-platform sharing: Share your artwork with the world, or use it as a social media cover, wallpaper or business card background.
5. Privacy and security: We value your privacy. Your artwork is only stored on your device and is not uploaded to the cloud or third-party servers.
Gemini is an app designed for creators, artists, and art lovers to offer endless creative possibilities. Release your creativity and turn ordinary photos into masterpieces (杰作), or explore new areas of painting with the power of AI.
Other information:
Support URL: https:/// Category: Utilities E-mail: geminisupport@ Size: 99.3 MB Language: English Age Rating: 4+ Price: Free
1. What is Gemini
A. A free AI chatting tool. B. An advanced camera.
C. An eye-catching project. D. An AI-based application.
2. Which is the characteristic of Gemini
A. Helping make artworks. B. Designing an online platform.
C. Creating individual courses. D. Uploading pictures to the cloud.
3. Who is Gemini intended for
A. Working partners. B. Children of all ages.
C. Application designers. D. Painters loving creating.
B
It’s possible that Chris Raven is the only person in the UK making baroque flutes (长笛). But far from having a lifetime of making instruments behind him, he started out at 70, after decades working in IT. He turns 80 in a month. Yet, in childhood, he loved woodwork. As he says: “You can plant a seed in a child’s mind. And the seed stays.”
Raven grew up in a musical household, in Chelmsford, Essex. Raven played the flute until he lost interest as a teenager. But he rediscovered his love of the instrument in his 40s when he won lessons at his daughter’s school fundraiser. Twenty years ago, he founded a flute choir.
It was after his mother died that he found his old school reports in his parents’ desk. But when he read his old reports he was taken aback: “The two subjects that I did consistently well at-which nobody seemed to spot at the time-were music and woodwork.” he says. “I made stuff as a child and I was good at it.” Rather than feeling minded to look back and wonder if he might have made different career decisions, Raven’s discovery was more a case of him noticing his gift, he says.
About 10 years ago, Raven signed up for an Irish flute-making workshop, followed by a baroque flute-making workshop. He cleared out the garage of the home, and equipped it with various tools to make flutes. His childhood passion “was revived” in baroque flutes and flute boxes.
“It’s been all-consuming,” he says. He spends at least four days a week “on my own in the workshop”. “Flute making, and box making, is not a living so much as a hobby,” says Raven. “I feel real passion and more creation about a new design.”
4. How long has Raven been a flute maker
A. For his whole life. B. Since ten years ago.
C. Since his childhood. D. For several decades.
5. How did Raven’s old school reports influence him
A. They awoke his hidden talent. B. They led him to a wrong career.
C. They brought back old memories. D. They made him feel Mom’s love.
6 What can be inferred about Raven from the last two paragraphs
A. He feels stuck in his career. B. He works for an Irish workshop.
C. He gets some helpers in his work. D. He unites his two passions after 70.
7. Which can be the best title for the text
A. A Popular Flute Maker B. Raven’s Lifelong Hobbies
C. A New Start after Retirement D. Music-Raven’s Childhood Love
C
Group of students is aiming to become the first non-government, non-commercial team to send a rocket to space. The team’s Aurora rocket, set to launch from California this month, is designed to reach a top speed of Mach 5.2 and break through Earth’s atmosphere. If successful, it will be the second student-led team to reach space, and the first to do it with a reusable rocket.
The Karman Space Programme (KSP) was founded by students. They designed the craft, which consists of two separate stages, each with its own engine fuelled (提供燃料) by liquid oxygen and ethanol. Each stage will fire for just over 20 seconds, and the rocket will be travelling at 5522 kilometres an hour at its peak speed. About 100 seconds after launch, it will reach its highest point and then should begin falling back to Earth for a soft landing by parachute (降落伞). KSP’s chairman, Shapol M. says the KSP mission will use multi-stage liquid engines like commercial launchers, recover all sections of the rocket and could, in theory, be turned around for a second launch within 24 hours.
The team is planning to launch Aurora from a site in the Mojave desert in California on 24September. “Launching outside the UK is a huge pain, but there isn’t a place right now to launch up to these altitudes in the UK. It’s a real shame,” says Shapol.
Shapol says it is hard to predict what will happen at launch, but preparations have included tests of many components. The team’s previous rockets include Vega, powered by the same engine as Aurora’s second stage. “We’ve tried to fail as much as possible before, so that we don’t fail on the big one,” says Shapol.
8. What’s special about Aurora rocket
A. It can be recycled. B. It is the fastest in the world.
C. It is quite profitable. D. It belongs to the government.
9. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The challenge in rocket design. B. The KSP’s new mission.
C. The expected process of the launch. D. The first students’ space shot.
10. What can we learn from Shapol’s words in paragraph 3
A. It is rather difficult to launch the rocket.
B. Launching outside the UK is unacceptable.
C. The launch has to be carried out in the desert.
D. There is no suitable site for this launch in the UK.
11. What’s Shapol’s attitude to the launch
A. Objective. B. Optimistic. C. Critical. D. Doubtful.
D
It’s one of Hollywood’s favorite stories: human beings use only 10 percent of their brain, and awakening the remaining 90 percent allows otherwise ordinary human beings to display extraordinary mental abilities. Scarlett Johansson becomes a superpowered Kongfu master in Lucy (2014). And in Limitless (2011) Bradley Cooper writes a novel overnight. But the truth is that we use all of our brain all of the time.
How do we know For one thing, if we needed only 10 percent of our brain, the majority of brain injuries would have no obvious consequences, since the damage would affect parts of the brain that weren’t doing anything to begin with. We also know that natural selection discourages the development of useless structures. Tougher immune systems, stronger muscles, better looking hair—just about anything would be more useful than having a head full of useless tissue.
We’ve been able to back up these logical conclusions with hard evidence. Imaging techniques allow doctors and scientists to map brain activity in real time. The data clearly shows that large areas of the brain—far more than 10 percent—are used for all sorts of activity, from seemingly simple tasks like resting or looking at pictures to more complex ones like reading or doing math.
So how did we come to believe that 90 percent of our brain is useless The myth is often incorrectly attributed to (归因于) 19th-century psychologist William James, who proposed that most of our mental potential goes untapped. But he never made clear a percentage. In reality, the concept most likely came from the American self-help industry.
Obviously, this is bad news for anyone hoping to find the secret to becoming a genius overnight. The good news, though, is that hard work still works. There is plenty of reason to believe that you can build brainpower by regularly working at challenging mental tasks, such as playing a musical instrument, doing arithmetic, or reading a novel.
12. What does the author agree with
A. Hollywood’s superstars are popular. B. Humans employ all our brain.
C. Only 10 percent of human brain is used. D. 90 percent humans are ordinary.
13. How does the author develop his argument
A. By telling stories. B. By making comparison.
C. By reasoning logically. D. By explaining concepts.
14. What does the underlined word “myth” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Common sense. B. Wrong idea. C. Accurate answer. D. Abstract theory.
15. What does the author suggest readers do
A. Work hard constantly. B. Believe in themselves.
C. Face challenges bravely. D. Find the secret to success.
参考答案
福建省厦门市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语质检卷（含解析）
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。美食书籍可以将一种文化带入生活。文章介绍了几本美食书，里面充满了美味的食物，以及有趣和引人入胜的故事。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Fuchsia Dunlop’s book examines classic Chinese dishes, like mapo tofu, soup dumplings and Dongpo pork.(Fuchsia Dunlop的书探讨了麻婆豆腐、汤团和东坡肉等经典中国菜肴)”可知，Fuchsia Dunlop在这本烹饪书中探索中国饮食文化。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Pierre Thiam’s latest book aims to share everyday, easy-to-cook recipes like baked ginger-chili plantain kelewele.(Pierre Thiam的新书旨在分享日常、容易烹饪的食谱，比如烤姜椒大蕉炖菜)”及“Tamar Adler seeks to make leftovers more appealing and lower food waste in the process with her latest book, which contains around 1,500 recipes.(Tamar Adler在她的新书中试图让剩菜更有吸引力，并在这个过程中减少食物浪费，这本书包含了大约1500种食谱)”可知，Simply West African和The Everlasting Meal Cookbook的共同特点是他们都是作者最新的书籍。故选A线
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一本书中的“More Than Cake is her first cookbook, full of invaluable tips like how to build a layer (层) cake(More Than Cake是她的第一本烹饪书，里面有很多宝贵的技巧，比如如何制作层蛋糕)”可知，蛋糕烘焙爱好者青睐于More Than Cake。故填D项。
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了法罗群岛的小型家庭音乐会——Hoyma音乐会。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The living room is cleared. The host taps a wine glass with a knife, and people file in, filling the sofas and chairs that are pushed up against the walls. Soon every seat in the house is taken, and a bottle of schnapps is passed around. Lyon Hansen, who minutes before was knocking about in the kitchen, walks over and picks up a guitar and starts to play. Hoyma has begun.(客厅被清空了。主人用刀敲了敲酒杯，人们鱼贯而入，填满了靠墙的沙发和椅子。很快，房子里的每个座位都被占满了，一瓶杜松子酒被传来传去。几分钟前正在厨房里闲逛的Lyon Hansen走了过来，拿起吉他开始演奏。Hoyma已经开始了。)”可知，第一段描写了一场Hoyma小型家庭音乐会开始的场景，从而引出本文要谈论的对象——Hoyma音乐会。故填A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The tradition dates back nearly 500 years to a time when Faroese life had to move underground due to Danish rule.(这一传统可以追溯到近500年前，当时由于丹麦的统治，法罗群岛的生活不得不转入地下。)”可知，Hoyma音乐会的传统可以追溯到丹麦统治时期，当时法罗群岛的人们被限制了自由，不得不转入地下。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Specifically, he started to think about tiny concerts held in living rooms—no sound systems or spotlights, the audience made up of as many people as can fit inside a house. The idea resounded in his mind, not only because it didn’t involve any heavy lifting, physically or mentally, but also because it went back to the longstanding Faroese tradition.(具体来说，他开始考虑在客厅里举行的小型音乐会——没有音响系统或聚光灯，观众由可容纳进房子的尽可能多的人组成。这个想法在他的脑海中回响，不仅因为它不涉及任何身体或精神上吃力的工作，还因为它回到了长期的法罗群岛传统。)”可知，Jón Tyril考虑到了家庭音乐会的简单和文化相关性。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Laksá, hosting the concerts is not only fun, but a way to give back, and to ensure the islands survive in the modern world. As in many families, her daughters grew up and left the Faroes. ‘They studied in the U. K. for nine years, but both came back,’ she says. ‘I actually think that Hoyma is partly the reason why many children from this village that go abroad come back. They are proud of it.’(对Laksá来说，举办音乐会不仅很有趣，也是一种回馈和确保这些岛屿在现代世界中生存下来的方式。和许多家庭一样，她的女儿们长大后离开了法罗群岛。‘他们在英国学习了九年，但都回来了，’她说。‘事实上，我认为Hoyma是这个村庄许多出国的孩子回来的部分原因。他们为此感到骄傲。’)”可知，Laksá认为举办Hoyma音乐会不仅很有趣，也是一种回馈和确保这些岛屿在现代世界中生存下来的方式，并讲述了她的女儿们出国留学后又回到法罗群岛的事情，认为这与Hoyma有密切的关系，由此可推测出，作者提到Laksá和女儿们的事情是为了表明Hoyma帮助法罗群岛在现代生活中生存下来。故选A。
【答案】8. C 9. A 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过描述大安达曼人语言中的词汇分类、词根和词缀的组合方式，展现了这种语言背后蕴含的丰富文化和历史内涵。同时，强调了对土著语言和文化遗产的保护和重视的重要性。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“As a language specialist, I had researched more than 80 Indian languages.I was on the islands to document their Indigenous voices before they faded into whispers.(作为一名语言专家，我研究了80多种印度语言。我在岛上记录土著居民的声音，直到他它们渐渐消失。)”可知，作者在岛上停留的目的是记录一种古老的语言。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“such as ra for “pig”(比如ra代表“猪”) ”和“ercho, meaning “head”(ercho意思是“头”) ”和第三段的“arashile, to aim from a distance(Arashile表示“从远处瞄准”)”可知，“Aim at a pig’s head from afar (从远处瞄准猪头)”在大安达曼语中对应的是Arashile raercho。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Great Andamanese had no words for agriculture but a great many for hunting and fishing. (大安达曼人没有关于农业的词汇，但有很多关于狩猎和捕鱼的词汇。)”可知，当地人可能以海鲜和肉类为生。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“The studies established that the language seems to be truly old in origin. In a multistage process of development, words describing diverse body parts had changed into morphemes referring to different zones and combined with content words to yield meaning. The structure alone provides an insight into an ancient worldview in which the macrocosm reflects the microcosm, and everything that is or that happens inseparably connects to everything else.(这些研究证实，这种语言的起源似乎真的很古老。在一个多阶段的发展过程中，描述不同身体部位的词语变成了指代不同区域的语素，并与实义词结合产生意义。这个结构本身就提供了一种对古代世界观的洞察，在这种世界观中，宏观世界反映了微观世界，所有存在或发生的事情都与其他事物不可分割地联系在一起。)”可知，本段主要讲的是通过研究大安达曼语可以发现古代的世界观，即打开古老智慧的大门。故选B。
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了科学家已经创造出了由石墨烯制成的功能半导体，这可能为未来开发速度更快、效率更高的新型计算机奠定基础。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。But前后表示转折，根据前一句“Graphene, a material made from a single layer of carbon atoms, is a good electrical conductor resistant to heat and acids.(石墨烯是一种由单层碳原子制成的材料，是一种耐热耐酸的良好导电体)”可知，前面讲述了石墨烯的特征和作为导电体的良好性能，所以后文应讲述石墨烯一直以来没有被开发成导电体的问题，再结合第三段中的“The problem has been the lack of what is known as a bandgap.(问题是缺乏所谓的带隙)”可推知，由于带隙的问题，这种可以随意被控制导电或断电的功能石墨烯半导体难倒了科学家。evade意为“使难倒”，与puzzle(使困惑)意思最接近。故选D。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Semiconductors have bands of higher and lower energies and a point—the bandgap—at which excited electrons can jump from one to the other. This effectively allows the flow of current to be switched on and off, so it is either conducting or not conducting, creating the binary system of zeroes and ones used in digital computers.(半导体有较高和较低能量的带，还有一个点——带隙——在这个点上，被激发的电子可以从一个带跳到另一个带。这有效地允许电流的开启和关闭，因此它要么导通，要么不导通，从而创建了数字计算机中使用的零和一的二进制系统)”可知，带隙能够让被激发的电子从一个带跳到另一个带，可以有效地允许电流的开启和关闭，因此它非常关键。故选D。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“De Heer said the electrical properties of a graphene semiconductor were far better than those of silicon chips.(De Heer说，石墨烯半导体的电学性能远好于硅芯片)”可知，石墨烯半导体比硅芯片有更好的电学性能。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But he suspects the world will soon shift to graphene chips, because silicon has such a head start.(但他怀疑世界很快就会转向石墨烯芯片，因为硅有如此领先的优势)”可推测出，对于不久的将来石墨烯芯片得到应用的可能性，他持怀疑态度。故选C。
福建省三明市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末英语试题（含解析）
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个适合孩子的女童子军夏令营。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据Code Ninjas Camps (CNC)部分的句子“Transform your child’s love for technology into an exciting learning adventure. Guided by our team of Code Senseis, Code Ninjas Camps empower kids to gain valuable tech skills and make new friends.(把孩子对科技的热爱转化为令人兴奋的学习冒险。在我们的代码感知团队的指导下，Code Ninjas Camps使孩子们能够获得宝贵的技术技能并结交新朋友)”可知，CNC是为对科学感兴趣的女孩设计的。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Fighting Illini Sports Camps (FISC)部分的句子“The University of Illinois has committed itself to the development of well-rounded summer camp programs for boys and girls. Camps are offered for boys and girls in cheer leading, cross country, golf and swimming. Also offered are camps for boys in baseball, football, gymnastics and wrestling, as well as camps for girls in basketball, gymnastics, soccer, softball and volleyball.(伊利诺伊大学致力于为男孩和女孩开发全面的夏令营项目。夏令营为男孩和女孩提供啦啦队，越野，高尔夫球和游泳。还提供棒球、足球、体操和摔跤的男孩营地，以及篮球、体操、足球、垒球和排球的女孩营地)”可知，FISC的特别之处在于它提供男孩可以参加活动。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Fighting Illini Sports Camps (FISC)部分的句子“Camps are offered for boys and girls in cheer leading, cross country, golf and swimming.(夏令营为男孩和女孩提供啦啦队，越野，高尔夫球和游泳)”和Girl Scouts of Central Indiana (GSCI)部分的句子“Activities vary by camp program/event/location, and may include: hiking, swimming, jumping on the giant trampoline, horse or pedal car riding.(活动因营地项目/项目/地点而异，可能包括：徒步旅行，游泳，跳巨型蹦床，骑马或骑脚踏车)”可知，FISC和GSCI都提供的活动是游泳。故选C项。
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了骑自行车给作者带来的改变和感悟。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Although I am now no longer strong enough to endure the long days and big climbs, day in and day out, I have my memories.（虽然我现在不再强壮到足以忍受漫长的日子和大的攀爬，但是日复一日，我有我的记忆。）”可推断，作者身体上不能忍受长途旅行。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Long distance cycling brings pain, anxiety and exhaustion, but these pale into insignificance compared to the joy and satisfaction of climbing huge mountains or seeing spectacular sights for the first time. Real joy would come when I was alone, on my bicycle, in some remote and beautiful place.（长途骑行带来了痛苦、焦虑和疲惫，但与第一次攀登高山或第一次看到壮观景色的喜悦和满足相比，这些都显得微不足道。当我独自一人，骑着自行车，在某个遥远而美丽的地方，真正的快乐就会到来。）”和“I had time to observe nature and life, all of which would have been bypassed in a car.（我有时间去观察自然和生活，这一切在汽车里都是不可能的。）”可推断，带给作者真正快乐的是长途旅行后到达美丽的地方，近距离的体验大自然。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段的“Cycling taught me to like who I am. I am finally happy with and accepting of my introverted（内向的）personality.（骑自行车教会了我喜欢自己。我终于满意并接受了我内向的性格。）”可推断，骑自行车教会了作者一个人可以找到真正的自我。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了骑自行车给作者带来的改变和感悟，由此推知，文章应来源于杂志。故选A。
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要列举了一项实验和一些事例说明海豚是十分聪明的动物，但是海豚如今面临商业捕鱼的威胁，数量大大减少。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Then he signaled his pupil to do it again, but he removed the basket. Herman expected the dolphin to be confused. Instead, it carried the ball to the NO lever and stopped there.(然后他示意他的学生再做一次，但他拿走了篮子。赫尔曼预计海豚会感到困惑。相反，它把球带到NO杆并停在那里)”可知，海豚停在NO控制杆因为它发现篮子不在那里。故选D。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“In one instance, a trainer blew a puff of cigarette smoke against the window of an observation tank. A young dolphin rushed to its mother, nursed briefly, and spat out a cloud of milk against the glass.(有一次，一名教练对着观察舱窗户吹了一口烟。一只小海豚冲到妈妈身边，短暂地吃了一口奶，然后在玻璃上吐了一团奶)”可知，海豚对着玻璃吐了一团牛奶是为了模仿人类行为。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dolphins’ trouble could be sharks, killer whales or, worse yet, a fishing vessel. Indeed, in the past three decades, commercial fishing, especially the biggest threat—the drift net fishing, has greatly decreased the world’s dolphin population. Every night in the North Pacific, hundreds of Asian fishing vessels put out these “curtains of death,” each up to 50 miles long. Floating with the currents, they sweep up all sea life in their path. People wonder what the world would be without dolphins.(海豚的麻烦可能是鲨鱼、虎鲸，或者更糟糕的是，一艘渔船。事实上，在过去的三十年里，商业捕鱼，尤其是最大的威胁——流网捕鱼，已经大大减少了世界上海豚的数量。每天晚上，在北太平洋，数百艘亚洲渔船都会挂上这些“死亡之幕”，每条长达50英里。它们随着水流漂浮，横扫沿途所有的海洋生物。人们想知道没有海豚的世界会是什么样子)”可推知，应该采取一些措施来保护海豚。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Herman said “We’re still in the early stages of learning about the intelligence of these animals and our ability to communicate with them.” Scientists are amazed at dolphins’ intelligence, but fear for the future of these trusting ocean creatures.(赫尔曼说:“我们仍处于了解这些动物的智力和我们与它们交流能力的早期阶段。”科学家们对海豚的智力感到惊讶，但对这些信任人类的海洋生物的未来感到担忧)”结合文章主要列举了一项实验和一些事例说明海豚是十分聪明的动物，但是海豚如今面临商业捕鱼的威胁，数量大大减少。可知，B选项“海豚：聪明，受威胁”最符合文章标题。故选B。
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了科学家们开发出一种新型材料——真菌薄片，在建筑中作为防火材料。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Underneath every mushroom is a branching network of root like structures called a mycelium. Now researchers have successfully grown these networks into pizza-size sheets that could act as a fire retardant in building materials(每个蘑菇的下面都有一个由根状结构组成的分支网络，叫做菌丝体。现在研究人员已经成功地将这些网络培育成披萨大小的薄片，可以作为建筑材料的fire retardant)”和第四段的“The new mycelium sheets, grown into protective carpets up to a few millimeters thick, could prevent such building materials from burning in the first place.(这种新的菌丝体薄片可以长成几毫米厚的保护性地毯，可以从一开始就防止这些建筑材料燃烧)”可知，这些薄片被添加建筑材料中的目的就是为了阻燃。由此可知，划线词fire retardant与A项的“Fire block (防火隔断材料)”同义。故选A。
【13题详解】
段落大意题。根据第四段的“The new mycelium sheets, grown into protective carpets up to a few millimeters thick, could prevent such building materials from burning in the first place. Mycelium contains a lot of carbon. When exposed to fire, the sheet briefly burns, releasing water and carbon dioxide into the air, leaving behind a black layer of carbon.(这种新的菌丝体薄片可以长成几毫米厚的保护性地毯，可以从一开始就防止这些建筑材料燃烧。菌丝含有大量的碳。当暴露在火中，床单会短暂燃烧，将水和二氧化碳释放到空气中，留下一层黑色的碳) ”可知，第四段的主要内容是菌丝片的工作原理。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段的“Unlike asbestos, which is still sometimes added to building materials as a fire retardant, mycelium does not release poisonous compounds when exposed to fire.(石棉有时仍被添加到建筑材料中作为阻燃剂，菌丝体与石棉不同的是，它在暴露于火中时不会释放有毒化合物)”可推知，新材料菌丝体是一个更安全的选择。故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Mycelium can grow in the dark, which means its energy needs are relatively minimal. Even better, mycelium is a biological material, and any waste it leaves behind can be used as fertilizer.(菌丝体可以在黑暗中生长，这意味着它对能量的需求相对较少。更好的是，菌丝体是一种生物材料，它留下的任何废物都可以用作肥料)”可推知，坎达雷对菌丝体的未来持乐观态度。故选C。
福建省宁德市2023-2024学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题（含解析）
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四条北美冬季火车旅行路线。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Empire Builder下的“Trips are available from mid-September to March each year. (每年9月中旬至次年3月提供旅行服务。)”可知，如果想在10月旅行，Empire Builder最适合，故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Aurera Winter Train下的“On the way, you can get a spectacular view of the Alaskan wilderness, from snow-capped mountains to beautiful wildlife native to the area like bears. (在途中，你可以欣赏到阿拉斯加荒野的壮丽景色，从白雪皑皑的山脉到美丽的野生动物，如熊。)”及Yellowstone in the Winter下的“Not only is wildlife much easier to spot—especially wolves native to the area —you also won’t have to fight crowds to get a good view. (不仅野生动物更容易被发现，尤其是当地的狼，而且你也不必为了获得良好的视野而与人群搏斗。)”可知，Aurora Winter Train和Yellowstone共同点是游客都有机会在自然环境中看到动物，故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Seattle and Canadian Rockies Winter Discovery下的“This nine-day trip begins in Seattle and takes you over the border to our neighbor to the north. (这个为期九天的旅行从西雅图开始，带您越过边境到我们北部的邻居。)”可知，这个火车旅行会带你穿过边境进入加拿大，所以Seattle and Canadian Rockies Winter Discovery的独特之处是火车带你去另一个国家，故选D项。
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述自己在1990年的欧洲环行体验和对女儿即将进行的gap year旅行的混合感觉，展现了作为母亲的担忧、理解和支持。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文第一段中“At 19, determined not to spend