人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land词汇讲义

选择性必修一 Unit 5 Working the Land词汇导学案
1. hybrid [ ha br d] n. 杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车
hybrid rice = cross rice 杂交水稻
2.devote [d v t] vt. 把…献(给)；把…专用于；专心于
由 de- (表示强调) + vote (to vow 发愿) 构成。词源义是“发下宏愿”，引申为“致力于”“献身于”
(1)(2)
(3)devotion n．关爱，关照；奉献，忠诚 // devotion to duty 忠于职守
A person should set his goals as early as he can and devote all his energy and talent to getting there.
--Walt Disney
Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild homes.
She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children.
If you have a job, do devote yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.
Her son, to whom she was so devoted, went abroad ten years ago.
In real life the star of the film is a devoted husband and father.
I respected his devotion to teaching.
写作同义异构：除了devote oneself to 你还能想到哪些表示“专注于/ 致力于做某事”的表达？
be lost in; be absorbed in; be involved in; focus on; concentrate on; be engaged in
3.shortage [ t d ] n. 不足；缺少；短缺（short + -age）
run short of sth.=run out of sth. 用完；耗尽
be short of sth. 缺乏某物
be short for sth. 是……的缩略形式
in short 总之；简言之
in short supply 不充裕；短缺；紧缺
in the short run/term从短期来看；眼下
-age 名词词尾，表示“状态，总称；物品，场所；费用”等
baggage n. =luggage n. 行李（不可数名词） // package n. 包裹
carriage n. 运输工具；四轮马车；客车 // passage n. 通道；走廊；一段文章；船费
teenage n. 青春期 // postage n. 邮资
bandage n. 绷带 // cottage n. 村舍；小屋
percentage n. 百分比；百分率 // voyage n. 航行；航海
usage n. 使用；用法；词语惯用法 // marriage n.婚姻
storage n.存储；贮存，贮藏 // orphanage n.孤儿院
4. tackle [ t kl] vt. 解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理= handle = cope with, deal with
5.crisis [ kra s s] n. (pl. crises/-siz/)危机；危急关头
crisis of confidence信任危机 //energy crisis 能源危机 //financial crisis 经济危机
6.boost [bu st] vt. 使增长；使兴旺n.增长；提高；激励
Each “like” boosts my confidence.
Researches have shown that smiling can lower blood pressure, reduce stress and boost happiness.
The new Resort area has boosted tourism.
7.yield [ji ld] n. 产量(output)；产出；出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；让步
yield to sth/sb 屈服；让步；给……让路；被…替代；为…所取代=give way to sb./sth.
He reluctantly yielded to their demands. ( javascript:void(0); )
8.convince [k n v ns] vt. 使相信；使确信；说服
词根词缀：con- (表示强调) + vince (to conquer 征服) → 思想上征服 → 使信服
　
You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
I’d convinced myself that I was right.
I hope I can convince you to stop by and visit us in New York.
I am convinced of her innocence.
I am convinced that she is innocent. ( javascript:void(0); )
9.characteristic [ k r kt r st k] n. 特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的
character n. 性格；特点；人物；字符
The need to communicate is a key characteristic of human society.
She spoke with characteristic enthusiasm. ( javascript:void(0); )
( javascript:void(0); ) 10.attain [ te n] vt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到（acquire; gain; obtain）
词根词缀：at- (= ad-, to 去) + tain (to touch 触摸) → 去触摸 → 达到、
11.conventional [k n ven nl] adj. 传统的；习惯的= traditional
convention n. 习俗；常规；惯例；= tradition
12.pollinate [ p l ne t] vt. 授粉；传粉
pollination [ p l 'ne ( )n] n.传粉
13.assumption [ s mp n] n. 假定；设定；(责任的)；承担；(权利的)获得
assume [ sju m] v. 假设
14.intense [ n tens] adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的
词根词缀：in- (入、向内) + tens (延伸) + -e → 拉紧、绷紧 → 紧张的、激烈的；
intense heat/cold/pain ( javascript:void(0); )酷热；严寒；剧痛
intense interest/pleasure/desire/anger ( javascript:void(0); )浓厚的兴趣；十分快乐；强烈的欲望；极端愤怒
intensity [ n tens ti] n. 强烈； 紧张；剧烈；强度； 烈度
15.overcome [ v k m] vt. ( overcame, overcome)克服；解决；战胜；受到……的极大影响
词根词缀：over- (在上、超过) + come (来到)，原义为“赶上；超过” ，引申词义“战胜；克服 ”
outcome n. 结果；效果 // income n.收入
overcome the problem / difficulty /the enemy
be overcome with/by sth.
Overcome by curiosity, the boy looked out the window.
Her parents were overcome with grief at the funeral.
16.expand [ k sp nd] vt.＆vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)
词根词缀：ex- (out 向外) + pand (to spread, stretch 展开) → 向外展开 → 扩展、扩大；
expansion [ k sp n n] n. 膨胀；扩张；扩展；扩大
Metals expand when they are heated. ( javascript:void(0); ) 金属受热会膨胀。
Student numbers are expanding rapidly. ( javascript:void(0); )学生人数在迅速增加。
A child's vocabulary expands through reading. ( javascript:void(0); )孩子的词汇量通过阅读得到扩大。
A rise in the temperature of the gas results in its expansion. ( javascript:void(0); )气体温度上升致使气体膨胀。
17.output [ a tp t] n. 产量；输出；输出量 vt.( output, output)输出
input n.输入；投入；输入的信息
outcome n. 结果；效果
outlook n. 观点；见解；世界观；人生观
outbreak n. (暴力、疾病等坏事的)爆发；突然发生
outline n. 概述，梗概；轮廓，外形 vt.概述；略述；显示…的轮廓；勾勒…的外形
18.estimate [ est m t , est me t] vt. 估计；估价；估算 n.估计；估算
it is estimated + (that) 从句：据估计
a conservative / rough estimate 保守估计、粗略估计
The university estimates that living expenses for international students are around $8,450 a year.
It is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing!
19.domestic [d mest k] adj 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的；驯养的；非野生的
词根词缀：dom (house 家) + -estic (形容词后缀) → 家的 → 国内的
domestic flights国内航班 // domestic market国内市场
domestic appliances ( javascript:void(0); )家用器具 // domestic service家政服务
a domestic cat 一只家猫
20.consumption [k n s mp n] n. 消耗；消耗量；消费
consume [k n sju m] vt. 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完
consumer [k n sju m (r)] n.消费者，顾客 = customer
21.comprise [k m pra z] vt 包括；包含；由…组成
词根词缀：com- (together 共同) + pris (to seize 抓) + -e → 全部抓在一起→ 包括
be comprised of 包括；包含；由…组成(或构成)= be made up of=consist of=be composed of
22.generate [ d en re t] vt. 产生；引起
词根词缀：gener 产生 + ate 使… → 产生；发电
generator n.发电机；电力公司
generation n. 一代；一辈
generate electricity/heat/power ( javascript:void(0); ) 发电；产生热 / 动力
generate income/profit ( javascript:void(0); )产生收益 / 利润
We need someone to generate new ideas.
The proposal has generated a lot of interest. ( javascript:void(0); )
23.strain [stre n] n. (动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力
24.leisure [ le (r)] n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲
leisure time / activities 空间时间、业余活动
25.deep down 在内心深处；本质上；实际上
26.soil [s l] n. 泥士；土壤；国土；领土
earth n.土，地球 // dirt n. 尘土 // dust n. 尘土
27.celebrity [s lebr ti] n. 名望；名誉；名人；名流
celebrate v. 庆祝；赞美；颂扬；歌颂
28. broom [bru m] n. 扫把；扫帚；金雀花
mop v. 拖地， n. 拖把 // sweep （swept –swept ）vt. 扫地
29.grain [ɡre n] n. 谷物；谷粒；颗粒
wheat [wi t] n. 小麦；小麦籽// sorghum [ s ɡ m] n. 高梁；高梁米
30. vision [ v n] n. 视力(sight)；视野；想象；幻想；远见卓识；眼力；影像；画面
词根词缀：vis (to see 看) + -ion (名词后缀) → 看的能力 → 视力（隐喻：视力 → 大脑的“视力”→ 想象；远见卓识）
have good / poor vision 视力好、视力差
give her a vision of her future 给她一个未来的愿景
a man of great vision有远见的领袖
envision [ n v n] vt. 展望；想象(imagine, picture, fantasize)
They envision an equal society, free of poverty and disease. ( javascript:void(0); )
Yuan Longping envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, with each ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut.
31.reality [ri l ti] n. 现实；实际情况；事实
词根词缀：real + ity 具备某种性质，状况 → 现实
virtual reality （VR）虚拟现实 // in reality 事实上；实际上
real adj. 真实的；真正的；真的
unreal adj.梦幻般的；不真实的；脱离现实的
really adv.真正地；事实上；真实地；确实；的确
realize vt. 理解；领会；认识到；意识到；实现；将…变为现实
realization n. (目标等的)实现；认识；领会；领悟
32.salty [ s lti] adj 含盐的；成的
33.urban [ b n] adj 城市的；都市的；城镇的
rural [ r r l] adj. 乡村的；农村的
downtown [ da nta n] n.市中心；市中心区；（市中）商业区
adv.在市中心；往市中心(尤指商业中心区)
adj.闹市区的
suburb [ s b b] n. 郊区；城外 // suburban [s b b n] adj.郊区的；城外的
the countryside 农村；乡下；乡村
34.bomb [b m] n. 炸弹 v.轰炸；对…投炸弹
comb n. 梳子 v. 梳头 // tomb 坟墓
35.tunnel [ t nl] n. 地下通道；地道；隧道
underground (城市的)地下铁路系统；地铁
36.extension [ k sten n] n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机
词根词缀：ex- (out 出) + tens (to stretch 伸展) + -ion (名词后缀) → 延伸
a visa extension 签证延期
by extension［正式用语］再则
extend [ k stend] v.延伸；延长；扩展；扩大；使伸长；使延期 (选必四 Unit 3)
The extension of the garden will take several weeks.
The pub had an extension on Christmas Eve.
The city is building an extension to the subway line.
extensive [ k stens v] adj.广阔的；广大的；大量的；广泛的
The fire caused extensive damage. ( javascript:void(0); )
She suffered extensive injuries in the accident.
Extensive repair work is being carried out. ( javascript:void(0); )
37.chemical [ kem kl] adj. 与化学有关的；化学的 n.化学制品；化学品
chemistry n. 化学 // chemist n. 化学家
38. flavor [ fle v ] n. 味道；特点；特色 flower n.花 // flour n.面粉
39.fertilizer [ f t la z (r)] n. 肥料
fertile [ f ta l] adj. 肥沃的；富饶的 // fertilize [ f t la z] vt. 施肥
40.nutritional [nju tr nl] adj. 营养(物)的
nutrition [nju tr n] n. 营养 // nutritious [nju tr s] adj 有营养的；营养丰富的
41.alleviate [ li vie t] vt. 减轻；缓解（relieve，lessen；ease）
alleviation [ li v e ( )n] n.减轻；缓解；缓和；镇痛物
42. poverty [ p v ti] n. 贫穷；贫困；贫乏；短缺
live in poverty 生活贫困 // poverty-stricken adj.赤贫的；一贫如洗的
poor adj. 贫穷的
poorness n. (优点等的)匮乏，缺乏，贫乏
43.organic [ ɡ n k] adj. 有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
词根词缀：organ 器官 + ic …的 → 有机的；器官的
organic food 有机食物 // organic farm 有机农场
44.pesticide [ pest sa d] n. 杀虫剂；除害药物
词根词缀：pesti〔= pest 害虫〕+ cid 切；杀 + e → 杀虫剂
suicide [ su sa d] 自杀
词根词缀：sui 自己 + cid 切；杀 + e → 自杀
45.widespread [ wa dspred] adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
46.bacterium n. 细菌（复数形式bacteria ）
47.in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流
48.digest [da d est] vt.＆vi.消化 v.领会；领悟 n.摘要；文摘
Reader’s Digest 读者文摘
digestion [da d est n] n消化；消化能力
digestive [da d est v] adj.消化的；和消化有关的
This food digests well / ill.
As Francis Bacon once said, “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.” 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
49.essential [ sen l] adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的(vital，crucial，critical)；本质的；必不可少的
it is essential for sb to do sth,
it is essential that … (should) do sth
Sun and water is / are essential to the growth of crops.
The words are essential for everybody to learn English.
It is essential that you get a visa before you travel to the USA.
It is essential for high-new technology enterprises to strengthen competitive power.
essentially adv 本质上；根本上 (basically)
50.mineral [ m n r l] n. 矿物；矿物质
mine n.矿 // miner n.矿工 // mineral water 矿泉水
51.alternative [ l t n t v] n. 可供选择的事物(option, choice) adj.可供替代的；非传统的
词根词缀：altern 改变状态 + ative 有…倾向（性质）的 → 交替〔选择的方法〕→ 二者择一
alter v. 改变
alternative energy替代能源（指太阳能、风能、水能等）
an alternative lifestyle 另一种生活方式
have no alternative but to do sth 除了做某事别无选择；只能做某事
The way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road.
Minibuses with seats for 12 passengers offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport.
I had no alternative but to report him to the police.
alternatively adv[引出第二种选择或可能的建议] 二者选一地；或者：
I could come to your house, or alternatively we could meet in town.
52.grocery [ ɡr s ri] n. 食品杂货店; [pl.]食品杂货
53. instance n. 例子；实例；事例
for instance = for example例如；比如
such as 例如……；像这种的（用于列举）
54.depth [depθ] n. 向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
deep adj. 深的 adv. 深地
deeply adv. 深深地
deepen vt.加深；变深；变强烈
55.root [ru t] n. 根；根茎；根部；根源
root in =be rooted in根植于 // root from = originate from 起源自 // root up 连根拔起
Money is often said to be the root of all evil.
After 20 years in America, he still feels his roots are in China.
Modern pop music has its roots in the folk songs of black Americans.
Words often come from the same root.
With mother’s words deeply rooted in my soul, I never doubted we would succeed.
56.entirely [ n ta li] adv. 全部地（totally）；完整地；完全地（thoroughly; completely）
57.aspect [ spekt] n. 方面；层面=respect; 样子；外观；外表
词根词缀：a 加强 + spect 看 → 让人看的东西 → 容貌
in this respect/ aspect 在这方面