人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement单词详解讲义
文档属性
| 名称 | 人教版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement单词详解讲义 |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 47.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-02-27 16:52:41 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
选择性必修U1单词详解
Physiology n.生理学；生理机能
[典型例句]
Physiology is the study of how living things work.
生理学是研究生物功能的学科。
Some of it remains in the brain, where it influences mood, behavior and physiology.一部分催产素仍存留在大脑里，在这里，它会影响人们的情绪、行为以及生理机能。
[思维拓展]
Evolutionary physiology进化生理学
physiology of dinosaurs恐龙生理学
Plant physiology植物生理学植物生物学
[即时训练]
The fifth resolution relaunched the European research network on the physiology of trees, called Eurosilva.
第五项决议重新提出了有关树木生理机能的欧洲研究网，该研究网被称为 Eurosilva.
2.artemisinin n.青蒿素（抗疟药）；青蒿提取物
[典型例句]
Africans are now just as keen on Asian medicine: artemisinin, a highly effective malaria remedy derived from a Chinese shrub.
非洲人现在同样热衷于亚洲药物：青蒿素，一种从中国灌木中提取的、非常有效的治疗疟疾的药物。
The groups have also invested in antimalaria drugs for A.C.T., artemisinin-based combination therapy.
这些组织也投资于抗疟疾药物开发，基于青蒿素的组合疗法。
3.
[典型例句]
He wasn't there at the crucial moment(when he was needed most)．
紧要关头他却不在那里。
Parents play a crucial role in preparing their child for school.
父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。
[思维拓展]
crucial factor/ issue/decision关键性的因素/问题/决定
be crucial to/for sth.对……至关重要
be crucial that... ……是极其重要的
[即时训练]
Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company.
4.malaria n.疟疾
[典型例句]
Malaria is endemic in many hot countries.
疟疾是许多气候炎热国家的流行病。
At present, no widely approved vaccine exists for malaria.
目前没有被广泛认可的疟疾疫苗。
5.
[典型例句]
If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
如果是二度或者三度烧伤，至关重要的是把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院。
This matter is of vital importance to us.
这件事对我们来说至关重要。
[思维拓展]
be vital to/for sth. 对……极为重要的
It is vital to do sth. 做……很重要
It is vital that... ……是十分重要的
It's vital that we (should) carry out the operation immediately.
我们应立即开始手术，因为这是生死攸关的。
[误区警示]
It is vital＋that...句型中从句要用should＋do虚拟结构，should可省略。
[即时训练]
It is vital to_keep(keep) an accurate record of every transaction.
6.commit vt.承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
【教材原句】Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦,一位坚定而有耐心的科学家,于1930年12月30日出生在中国宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。
【归纳拓展】
commit...to...把……送交/托付给……;对……作出承诺/承担义务/担负责任;使(自己)致力于……
commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
commit a crime犯罪
committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
be committed to致力于;投身于
commitment n.承诺;致力,献身
make a commitment (to do sth)做出承诺(做某事)
【背佳句】Also,you should be totally committed to what you do,as excellence is only possible with commitment.
此外,你应当完全致力于你所做的事,因为只有完全付出才可能达到卓越。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument,and was committed to practicing(practice) it.
(2)We made a commitment(commit) to work together.
写精彩 句式转换·背诵
(3)As she was committed to the project,she seldom played with her children.
→ Committed to the project,she seldom played with her children.(形容词短语作状语)
academy n. （艺术、文学等的）研究院；学会；专科院校
[典型例句]
The Academy Awards appear to validate his career.
这些奥斯卡金像奖看来证实了他的职业生涯的价值。
The academy is far more inclusive now than it used to be.
该学院如今比过去更为兼收并蓄。
academic adj. 学业的；学术的
[典型例句]
He is unsuited to academic work.
他不适合做学术工作。
It is a purely academic question.
这是一个纯理论问题。
objective n.目标;目的 adj.客观的
【教材原句】In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
1967年,中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
【归纳拓展】
with the objective of...目的是……
achieve/meet an objective达到目标
set an objective制定目标
be objective about对……是客观的
objectively adv.客观地
object vi.不赞成,反对 n.目标;物体;客体;宾语
object to (doing) sth反对(做)某事
【背佳句】Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyse your short-term and long-term objectives and keep in mind your beliefs,values and strengths.
另一种设定现实目标的方法是分析你的短期和长期目标,并牢记你的信念、价值观和优势。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)We simply want to inform people objectively (objective) of the events.
(2)The method of analysis must be objective about evaluating the accident rate.
写精彩 一句多译·背诵
(3)就我而言,我是反对在办公室里吸烟的。
→In my opinion,I object to smoking in the office.(object)
→In my view,I am against smoking in the office.(against)
botanical adj. 植物学的
[典型例句]
The area is of great botanical interest.
该地区很有植物学研究价值。
200,000 specimens of fungus are kept at the Komarov Botanical Institute.
20万个真菌标本被保存在科马罗夫植物研究所。
4.evaluate vt.评价;评估
【教材原句】Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts,and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.
她的团队查看了2 000多本古老的医学文献,并对28万种植物的药用性能进行了评估。
【归纳拓展】
evaluate...on/by根据……评价……
evaluation n.估计;评价
make an evaluation of对……进行评估
【背佳句】In order to stay motivated to achieve the goal,firstly you need to evaluate yourself properly.
为了保持动力去实现目标,首先你需要恰当地评估自己。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated (evaluate) in terms of overall quality.
(2)The anger was that all the rest of us were evaluated on/by what we produced.
写精彩 一句多译·背诵
(3)我们必须评估火灾造成的后果。
→We must evaluate the consequences caused by the fire.(evaluate)
→We must make an evaluation of the consequences caused by the fire.(evaluation)
property n. 性质；特征；财产
[典型例句]
The property was owned communally.
这财产属集体所有。
This building is government property.
这座大楼是政府的财产。
distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的
【教材原句】From their research,they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
从他们的研究中,他们发现并测试了380种不同的古代中医疗法,这些疗法在抗击疟疾方面很有希望。
【归纳拓展】
be distinct from...与……不同
it is distinct that...很明显……
distinction n.差别;区分;卓著;不同凡响
make a distinction between对……加以区分
【背佳句】The fact that he didn’t speak a foreign language put him at a distinct disadvantage.
他不会说外语这件事使他处于明显的不利地位。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)The new law makes no distinction(distinct) between adults and children.
(2)We must make a distinction between formal language and informal language.
写精彩 句式转换·背诵
(3)Those two ideas are quite different from each other.
→Those two ideas are quite distinct from each other.(应用文之观点态度)
14.extract vt. 提取物；摘录;. 提取；提炼；摘录；（用力）拔出
[典型例句]
The first part is to extract each packet.
第一部分是提取每一个包。
The team's attempts to extract DNA from the 1947 bones all failed.
该小组从1947根骨头中提取 DNA 的尝试都失败了。
15.wormwood n. 蒿；洋艾
[典型例句]
Sweet wormwood is a common plant in China and Tu Youyou is the woman who used the special power of the plant to save millions of lives.
在中国，青蒿是一种常见的植物，而屠呦呦就是那个用这种植物的特殊力量拯救了数百万人生命的女人。
My words must be gall and wormwood to him.
我的话在他听来一定逆耳。
boil vt. ＆vi n. （使）沸腾；煮开；烧开;. 沸腾；沸点
[典型例句]
(1)vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开
The water is beginning to boil.
水开始沸腾。
Boil the egg for three minutes.
把鸡蛋煮三分钟。
(2)n.沸腾；沸点
Bring the soup to the boil, then allow it to simmer for five minutes.
把汤煮开，然后文火煮五分钟。
[思维拓展]
boiling water 沸水(即处于100℃的开水)
boiled water 白开水(烧开过的水)
[即时训练]
Boiling(boil) water cracked a cup across the bottom.
liquid n adj.. 液体; 液体的；液态的
[典型例句]
The liquid is then diluted.
然后液体就变稀了。
It's vital not to overheat the liquid.
最关键的是不要让液体过热。
18.obtain vt vi. （尤指经努力）获得；贏得;. （规章、习俗等）存在；流行
[典型例句]
I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report.
我终于设法弄到了这份报告的一个副本。
These conditions no longer obtain.
这些条件不再适用。
[思维拓展]
obtain advice/information/promise得到忠告/信息/应许
obtainable adj.可获得的；可得到的
[即时训练]
The perfect body has always been difficult to obtain(obtain)．
19..acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
【教材原句】However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而,屠呦呦并不承认失败。
【归纳拓展】
acknowledge doing/having done sth承认做了某事
acknowledge sb/sth to be/as...承认某人/某物是……
acknowledge that...承认……
it’s generally/universally acknowledged that...人们公认……
acknowledgement n.承认;感谢;谢礼
in acknowledgement of sth 对某事表示感谢
【背佳句】It is universally acknowledged that he has a great talent for music.
人们公认他有很高的音乐天赋。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)She has been acknowledged as the most promising female scientist in her research area.
(2)I was sent a free copy in acknowledgement (acknowledge) of my contribution.
(3)With no solid evidence,he refused to acknowledge stealing/having stolen (steal) the lady’s purse.
写精彩 一句多译·背诵
(4)正如大家所公认的,除非我们创造一个污染更少的世界,否则我们不可能看到更蓝的天空。
→It is acknowledged that we can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world.(it作形式主语)
→As is acknowledged ,we can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world.(定语从句)
defeat n vt. 失败；挫败;. 击败；战胜
[典型例句]
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
(1)vt.打败；战胜；使受挫
Li Na defeated her opponent and won the first in the final of the French Open in 2011.
在2011年法国网球公开赛决赛中，李娜击败对手获得了冠军。
The proposal was defeated by 16 votes to 6.
因16票反对，6票赞成，该提议未能通过。
(2)n.[C，U]失败
The Brazil national football team suffered a defeat in the World Cup.
巴西国家足球队在世界杯上被击败了。
[易混辨析]
defeat, beat, win
defeat 击败，强调过程和结果 宾语是对手
beat 打败；(连续)击打 宾语是对手
win 赢得；获胜 宾语是game或prize等
[即时训练]
The navy played a limited but significant role in defeating(defeat) the rebellion.
analyse vt. 分析
[典型例句]
We should analyse what they said and not just agree with everything.
我们应该对他们的意见加以分析，不要随声附和。
[思维拓展]
analysis n．分析，它的复数形式是analyses。
analysable adj.可分析的；可分解的
His analysis was always convincing.
他的分析总是令人信服的。
I want a detailed report of all the analyses.
我想要一份所有分析的详细报告。
Many compounds are analysable.
许多化合物是可分解的。
[即时训练]
They collect blood samples for analysis(analyse) at a national laboratory.
22.apparently adv.显而易见;看来;显然
【教材原句】She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
她的结论是,煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的药用性能。
【归纳拓展】
as is apparently shown/stated in the picture/chart/passage above
正如上面图画/图表/文中明显展示/陈述的那样
apparent adj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的
it is apparent that...显然……
【背佳句】As I approached the tractor,he jumped out onto the road,apparently unhurt,and dashed back to me.
就在我走近拖拉机时,他跳到公路上,显然没受伤,跑回到了我身边。
【温馨提示】
“显然”的多种表达方式:
it is apparent/obvious/distinct that...
apparently/obviously/distinctly...
I thought she had retired,but apparently/obviously/distinctly she hasn’t.
我原以为她退休了,但是很显然她还没有。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)He was apparently (apparent) much surprised at the news that the amateur athlete beat the professional one who ranked top ten.
(2)It is apparent _that anyone of us shouldn’t take it for granted at present.
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
正如上面图表所明确展示的那样,大约10%的学生支持这种观点。 As is apparently shown in the chart above ,there are about 10% students supporting the idea.(应用文之观点)
22.apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然
[典型例句]
Apparently, they are getting married soon.
很显然，他们要结婚了。
I thought he had found a new job, but apparently he hasn't.
我原以为他找到了新工作，但显然还没有。
[思维拓展]
apparent adj.显而易见的；明白易懂的；显然的；表面上的
It was apparent from her face that she was really excited.
从她脸上一眼就可以看出她的确很兴奋。
It soon became apparent to all that he couldn't solve the problem.
很快大家就明白了他无法解决这个问题。
[即时训练]
Apparently(apparent) they are getting divorced soon.
23.substance[ s bst ns]n. 物质；物品；事实根据
[典型例句]
Petrol is a volatile substance.
汽油是挥发性物质。
Clay is a plastic substance.
黏土是可塑物质。
Nothing of any substance was achieved in the meeting.
会议没有取得任何实质性成果。
insist vi. ＆vt. 坚持；坚决要求
[典型例句]
They always insist on high quality.
他们一贯坚持高质量。
Her parents insisted on speaking to the headmaster.
她父母坚持要和校长谈话。
She insisted on him wearing a suit.
她坚持要他穿西装。
He insisted that he had seen a ghost.
他坚持说自己见到鬼了。
[思维拓展]
insist on sth.坚决要求某事；坚持说某事
insist on/upon doing sth.坚持要做某事
insist on/upon one's doing sth.坚持要求某人做某事
[特别提示]
insist的词义不同，其后的宾语从句形式也不同：
词意 宾语从句
坚持要求 宾语从句使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语是“(should＋)do”结构。
坚持认为；坚持说 宾语从句使用陈述语气。
Insisting that Tom had stolen his car, Smith insisted that Tom (should) be put (put) in prison.
由于坚持认为汤姆偷了他的车，史密斯坚持要求把汤姆送进监狱。
[即时训练]
①If you insist on/upon leaving now, please go ahead.
②He insists that she come(come)．
25.scientific adj. 科学（上）的；关于科学的
[典型例句]
She aspired to a scientific career.
她有志于科学事业。
Our scientific research is second to none.
我们的科学研究不亚于任何人。
26.mostly adv. 主要地；一般地
[典型例句]
Cars are mostly metal.
汽车大多是金属制成的。
She's nearly 90 and mostly keeps to her room.
她快90岁了，大部分时间都待在房间里。
27.wear and tear （正常使用造成的）磨损；损耗
[典型例句]
These are the first machines that can stand the wear and tear of continuously crushing glass.
这些是第一批能经得住连续碾碎玻璃造成的磨损的机器。
They must endure wear and tear.
它们必须能够经得起磨损。
[典型例句]
We can safely draw some conclusions from our discussion.
从讨论中我们可以有把握地得出一些结论。
[思维拓展]
make a conclusion下结论
come to/draw/arrive at/reach a/the conclusion得出结论
in conclusion(＝to conclude)最后，总之(常作插入语)
jump/leap to conclusions/the conclusion that...匆忙下结论，贸然断定
conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出
conclude (sth.)以……结束(……)
conclude(从……)推断出/断定……
conclude...(to be)．..断定……(是)……
Let us conclude our meeting with a song.
请让我们用一首歌来结束我们的会议。
What do you conclude from the facts
从这些事实中你得出了什么结论？
[即时训练]
I've come to the conclusion(conclude) that he's not the right person for the job.
29.penicillin n. 青霉素；盘尼西林
[典型例句]
He was treated with penicillin injections.
他接受了青霉素注射。
One dose of penicillin can wipe out the infection.
一剂青霉素即可消除感染。
30.flee vt. （fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑
[典型例句]
He spent six months in prison before fleeing the country.
他在逃离那个国家之前坐了六个月的牢。
Many German artists fled to America at the beginning of World War Ⅱ.
二战开始时，很多德国艺术家逃到了美国。
[易混辨析]
flee与escape
flee只说明动作，不强调结果；escape逃离，结果是成功的。
The enemy fled in disorder but only a few of them narrowly escaped death.
敌人纷纷逃跑，但只有少数侥幸逃生。
[即时训练]
①All the teachers and students managed to_flee (flee) the burning teaching building.
②He applied for asylum(政治庇护) in 1987 after fleeing (flee) the police back home.
circumstance n. [usually pl].条件；环境；状况
[典型例句]
In/Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job.
在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这项工作。
I know I can trust the woman in any circumstances.
我知道我在任何情况下都能信任那个女人。
[思维拓展]
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此
in/under no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装)
[即时训练]
①—Can I use the telephone on the table，sir
—Under no circumstances is (be) anyone allowed to use the telephone in the office for personal affairs.
②The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances(circumstance)．
32.novelist n. 小说家 novel n. （长篇）小说
[典型例句]
She was esteemed the perfect novelist.
她被认为是最完美的小说家。
For a novelist, that's quite an accomplishment.
对于一个小说家来说，那是一个了不起的成就。
He is working on a new novel.
他正在写一部新小说。
Have you read her new novel
你看过她新出的小说了吗？
33.flow n vi. 流；流动；流畅；供应;. 流；流动
This valve regulates the flow of water.
这个阀门调节水流。
As they flow south, the five rivers converge.
这5条河向南流，最终汇合在一起。
34.flow chart 流程图
[典型例句]
This flow chart, shown below, summarizes the overall costing process.
这张流程图如下所示，概括了成本计算的全程。
Why don't we start by making a flow chart from the notes our tutor gave us 我们为什么不从导师给我们的笔记开始，做一个流程图呢？
found vt.创建;建立;把……建立在
【教材原句】founded modern nursing
创立了现代护理制度
【归纳拓展】
be founded in建立于……
be founded on/upon建立在……基础上;(建筑物)建立在……上
founder n.创始人;创建者;缔造者
foundation n.地基;基础,根据
lay a (film/solid) foundation for...为……打下(坚实的)基础
【背佳句】The Huoshen Mountain Hospital founded in ten days has been put into use in order to fight against COVID-19.
为了抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎,在十天内建成的火神山医院已经投入使用了。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)Adam Smith is considered one of the _____founders_______ (found) of classical economics.
(2)The teacher founded his system of language teaching ____on/upon________the belief that speaking should come before reading.
(3)Tsinghua University,______founded ______(found) in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding individuals.
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
(4)通过共同合作,我们能够为经济持续发展奠定扎实的基础。
By working together,we can lay a solid foundation for sustainable economic development.
36.infer vt. 推断；推定
[典型例句]
What can we infer about the author from the text
从文章中我们能推断出作者的什么信息？
What can we infer from the passage about the author
我们可以从文章中推断出关于作者的什么信息？
37.politician n. 从政者；政治家；政客
[典型例句]
This is a wily politician.
这是一个狡猾的政客。
He represents a new breed of politician.
他代表着新一类的政治家。
As a politician he has often courted controversy.
作为政治人物，他常常招致争议。
38.numerous adj. 众多的；许多的
[典型例句]
Numerous marriages now end in divorce.
现在许多婚姻都以离婚而告终。
Wild boar are numerous in the valleys.
这些山谷里有无数的野猪。
He has been late on numerous occasions.
他已经迟到过无数次了。
39.theory n. 理论；学说
[典型例句]
One theory about the moon is that it is a piece broken off from the earth.
有一种关于月球的学说认为它是地球分离出的一部分。
This theory should be proved before it is used.
在运用这个理论前要对它进行证明。
[思维拓展]
in theory ([反] in practice) 理论上
Your plan is good in theory, but does it work in practice
你的计划在理论上不错，但实施起来行吗？
[即时训练]
We should combine theory (理论) with practice.
40.relativity n. 相对论；相对性
[典型例句]
According to the theory of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light.
根据相对论，任何东西都无法超越光速。
Einstein's theory of relativity won for him universal esteem.
爱因斯坦的相对论赢得了全世界对他的崇敬。
formula n. 公式；方程式；配方
[典型例句]
The formula is jealously guarded.
对该配方戒备森严。
This formula is used to calculate the area of a circle.
这个公式用于计算圆的面积。
42.genius n. （pl. genuses)天才；天资；天赋
[典型例句]
She was extolled as a genius.
她被誉为天才。
He's a genius at organizing people.
他是人员组织方面的天才。
gentle adj. 温柔的；文静的
[典型例句]
I like her gentle voice.
我喜欢她温和的声音。
He eats in a gentle way.
他吃饭的样子很文雅。
[易混辨析]
gentle, soft
gentle 侧重指人或其他方面“体贴的；温和的”，含有安慰、爱抚等意思。
soft 侧重指人说话声音低或说话怕被人听见，意思是“轻声的”，指物时，表示“柔软的”。
Arthur was a very gentle, caring person.
亚瑟是一个非常温柔体贴的人。
The soft music sounds very pleasing to the ear.
那轻柔的音乐听起来十分悦耳。
[即时训练]
She smiled gently(gentle) at him.
她温柔地朝他微笑。
43.patent n. 专利；专利证书；获得专利; adj.有专利的；受专利保护的
[典型例句]
The device was protected by patent.
这一装置受专利保护。
P&G applied for a patent on its cookies.
宝洁公司为其饼干申请了专利。
44.passion n. 酷爱；激情
【教材原句】While working there,out of a strong passion for knowledge,he continued to study,earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
在那里工作期间,出于对知识的强烈热情,他继续学习,并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。
【归纳拓展】
have a passion for热爱;酷爱
with passion充满激情
passionate adj.热诚的;狂热的
be passionate about 对……充满热情
【背佳句】Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. 仅仅擅长某件事并热爱它是不够的。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)In addition to their interest in computers,they shared a passion _for_music.
(2)That will help show you know the field you are passionate (passion) about.
写精彩 一句多译·背诵
(3)我的第一个建议是从事你热爱的专业。
→My first recommendation is to pursue the type of practice you have a passion for .(passion)
→My first recommendation is to pursue the type of practice you are passionate about.(passionate)
45.extraordinary adj. 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
[典型例句]
She is a designer of extraordinary versatility.
她是位特别多才多艺的设计师。
His behaviour was extraordinary and inexplicable.
他的行为离奇且令人费解。
gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
[典型例句]
Gradually，the children began to understand it.
孩子们渐渐开始明白这件事了。
They gradually improved their work.
他们逐渐地改善了工作。
[思维拓展]
gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的
Recovery from the disease is very gradual.
这种病的康复过程很缓慢。
[即时训练]
Electricity lines to 30,000 homes were gradually(gradual) being restored yesterday.
47.photoelectric adj. 光电的
[典型例句]
High speed photoelectric sensor.
高速光电传感器。
Photoelectric work offers the widest scope .
光电工作提供了最广阔的天地。
e to power （开始）掌权；上台
【教材原句】Circumstances changed in 1933,when Hitler came to power in Germany.
1933年,当希特勒在德国掌权时,情况发生了变化。
【归纳拓展】
power n.能力;力量;权力;职权;政权;电力供应
be in power掌权,执政(表示状态,可以和一段时间连用)
have the power to do sth具有做某事的能力/权力
beyond/out of one’s power某人力所不能及的
take power夺取政权
do all/everything in one’s power to do sth竭尽某人所能做某事
powerful adj.强有力的
【背佳句】He promised that once he came to power,he would set out to improve the living conditions.
他承诺说一旦他当权,他就会着手改善生活条件。
【温馨提示】
(1)come to power用法同take office,意为“就职,上台,执政”。
(2)come to/into power表示动作,为非延续性动词词组,不能与一段时间连用;be in power为延续性动词词组,意为“执政,在位”。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power _to do_(do) things which are against the laws of nature.
(2)At that moment,Tom’s _powerful_ (power) voice interrupted them.
写精彩 句式转换·背诵
(3)The government came to power two years ago.
→The government has been in power for two years.
49.institution n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗
institute n. （教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑
[典型例句]
I believe in the institution of marriage.
我相信婚姻制度。
Bernard works at the same institution as Arlette.
伯纳德与阿莱特在同一个机构工作。
Mr. Lin is associate director of the Institute.
林先生是该研究所的副主任。
He got a scholarship to the Pratt Institute of Art.
他得到了一笔普拉特艺术学院的奖学金。
consequence n. 结果；后果
[典型例句]
I'm quite willing to take the consequences of my actions.
我很愿意承担自己行动的后果。
He studied hard，and in consequence he passed the exam.
他努力学习，因此通过了考试。
[思维拓展]
因此，结果(＝as a result)
as a/in consequence of＝as a result of由于……
take the consequences of...承担……的后果
be of no/great consequence 无关紧要/非常重要
consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的
consequently adv.结果；因此
[即时训练]
(1)Drunk driving has been banned. Consequently (consequent),the traffic accidents are decreasing.
(2)A severe flood strikes the city and there is a consequent (consequence) shortage of food.
51.take up a position担任;任职
【教材原句】After spending time in Europe,he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton,USA.
在欧洲待了一段时间后,他最终在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院找到了一份研究员的工作。
【归纳拓展】
take up拿起;接受;开始;继续;占据(时间或空间)
take away解除;消除
take down拿下;取下;记下
take in理解;欺骗;接纳
take off起飞;突然受欢迎
take on呈现;开始雇用
【背佳句】I talked with a friend recently who took up a position at a start-up company.
我最近和一个朋友聊天,他在一家新成立的公司任职。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)As our plane took off ,I told myself that I would absolutely return someday.
(2)On the contrary,smartphones not only take up our valuable time,but also do great harm to our health.
(3)I could hardly take in what the old man said for he was so weak.
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
(4)随着科技的发展,我们的祖国呈现出新的面貌。
With the development of science and technology,our country has
taken on a new look.
52.moustache n. 上唇的胡子；髭
[典型例句]
His moustache prickled when he kissed me.
他吻我的时候胡子扎人。
He has decided to grow a beard and a moustache.
他已经决定留起络腮胡子和髭。
53.peculiarity n. 个性；特点；怪异的性质
[典型例句]
The distortion is actually thanks to a peculiarity of the glassmaker's process.
这种变形实际上是由玻璃制造商工艺的特殊性造成的。
Every author has some peculiarity in his descriptions or in his style of writing.
每个作家在描写或写作风格上都有其独特性。
encounter vt n. 偶然碰到；遇到;. 邂适；遭遇
[典型例句]
Did you encounter anyone in the building
你在那栋大楼里偶然遇到什么人了吗？
In high school, I was very unpopular, and I did encounter a little prejudice.
在中学，我很不受欢迎，确实遇到了一点偏见。
55.professor n. 教授
[典型例句]
His grandfather was a professor.
他爷爷曾是位教授。
I had met Professor Lown before.
我以前见过劳恩教授。
He looked like a nutty professor.
他看上去像个古怪的的教授。
mourn vt. ＆. vi. 哀悼；忧伤
[典型例句]
He does not mourn the demise of that world liberated from court etiquette, he says, he can call someone an "idiot" if he wants, instead of "Your Excellency".
他说，他不会为这个从宫廷礼仪中解放出来的世界的消亡而哀悼，如果他愿意，他可以称某人为“白痴”，而不是“阁下”。
They mourn the passing of a simpler way of life.
他们对逝去的较为淳朴的生活感到惋惜。
56.remarkable adv. 非凡的；显著的[典型例句]
That is indeed a remarkable thing.
那真是了不起的事情。
[思维拓展]
a remarkable achievement/career/talent非凡的成就/事业/才能
remark n．谈论；言论；评述vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起
make a remark/ remarks on/ about就……发表意见；对……评头品足
make no remark什么也不说；不加评论
remark that...评论
remark on/upon谈论/评论……
remarkably adv.非常；极为；格外；出乎意料地
He made a number of rude remarks about the food here.
关于这里的食物他做了许多无礼的评论。
A local newspaper remarked that car accidents were on the decrease due to the forceful law.
一家地方报纸评论说由于强有力的法律措施，车祸在减少。
[即时训练]
①Since then, we have made remarkable(remark) progress.
②She is a remarkably (remarkable) determined politician.
③We passed a few remarks(remark) about the weather.
57.device n. 方法；技巧；装置；仪器
[典型例句]
The device is fixed to a post.
该设备固定在一根柱子上。
The device was protected by patent.
这一装置受专利保护。
The device draws gas along the pipe.
这装置将气体顺着管子抽出来。
58.sum vi n. 总结；概括;. 金额；款项；总数；总和
sum up 总结；概括
[典型例句]
It must have cost a tidy sum.
这准花了相当大的一笔钱。
Let x be the sum of a and b.
设x为a加b之和。
The sum was paid ex gratia.
这是所付的一笔特惠款。
Ask yourself to sum up the text and try to work out a "big idea".
让自己去总结文本，试着想出一个“大致的想法”。
Which Chinese character would you choose to sum up the past year
你会选择哪个汉字来总结过去的一年？
You need to avoid introducing new stuff here, it's got to sum up what you've said earlier.
你需要避免在这引入新的东西，它必须总结你之前说的东西。
59.draft n vt. 草稿；草案;. 起草；草拟
[典型例句]
I've made a rough draft of the letter.
我已经写好这封信的草稿。
This is only the first draft of my speech.
这只是我演讲的初稿。
I faxed a first draft of this article to him.
我把这篇文章的初稿传真给他。
Physiology n.生理学；生理机能
[典型例句]
Physiology is the study of how living things work.
生理学是研究生物功能的学科。
Some of it remains in the brain, where it influences mood, behavior and physiology.一部分催产素仍存留在大脑里，在这里，它会影响人们的情绪、行为以及生理机能。
[思维拓展]
Evolutionary physiology进化生理学
physiology of dinosaurs恐龙生理学
Plant physiology植物生理学植物生物学
[即时训练]
The fifth resolution relaunched the European research network on the physiology of trees, called Eurosilva.
第五项决议重新提出了有关树木生理机能的欧洲研究网，该研究网被称为 Eurosilva.
2.artemisinin n.青蒿素（抗疟药）；青蒿提取物
[典型例句]
Africans are now just as keen on Asian medicine: artemisinin, a highly effective malaria remedy derived from a Chinese shrub.
非洲人现在同样热衷于亚洲药物：青蒿素，一种从中国灌木中提取的、非常有效的治疗疟疾的药物。
The groups have also invested in antimalaria drugs for A.C.T., artemisinin-based combination therapy.
这些组织也投资于抗疟疾药物开发，基于青蒿素的组合疗法。
3.
[典型例句]
He wasn't there at the crucial moment(when he was needed most)．
紧要关头他却不在那里。
Parents play a crucial role in preparing their child for school.
父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。
[思维拓展]
crucial factor/ issue/decision关键性的因素/问题/决定
be crucial to/for sth.对……至关重要
be crucial that... ……是极其重要的
[即时训练]
Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company.
4.malaria n.疟疾
[典型例句]
Malaria is endemic in many hot countries.
疟疾是许多气候炎热国家的流行病。
At present, no widely approved vaccine exists for malaria.
目前没有被广泛认可的疟疾疫苗。
5.
[典型例句]
If the injuries are second or third degree burns, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
如果是二度或者三度烧伤，至关重要的是把伤者立刻送去看医生或送往医院。
This matter is of vital importance to us.
这件事对我们来说至关重要。
[思维拓展]
be vital to/for sth. 对……极为重要的
It is vital to do sth. 做……很重要
It is vital that... ……是十分重要的
It's vital that we (should) carry out the operation immediately.
我们应立即开始手术，因为这是生死攸关的。
[误区警示]
It is vital＋that...句型中从句要用should＋do虚拟结构，should可省略。
[即时训练]
It is vital to_keep(keep) an accurate record of every transaction.
6.commit vt.承诺;保证 vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
【教材原句】Tu Youyou,a committed and patient scientist,was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.
屠呦呦,一位坚定而有耐心的科学家,于1930年12月30日出生在中国宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。
【归纳拓展】
commit...to...把……送交/托付给……;对……作出承诺/承担义务/担负责任;使(自己)致力于……
commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth)承诺;保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
commit a crime犯罪
committed adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的;坚信的
be committed to致力于;投身于
commitment n.承诺;致力,献身
make a commitment (to do sth)做出承诺(做某事)
【背佳句】Also,you should be totally committed to what you do,as excellence is only possible with commitment.
此外,你应当完全致力于你所做的事,因为只有完全付出才可能达到卓越。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument,and was committed to practicing(practice) it.
(2)We made a commitment(commit) to work together.
写精彩 句式转换·背诵
(3)As she was committed to the project,she seldom played with her children.
→ Committed to the project,she seldom played with her children.(形容词短语作状语)
academy n. （艺术、文学等的）研究院；学会；专科院校
[典型例句]
The Academy Awards appear to validate his career.
这些奥斯卡金像奖看来证实了他的职业生涯的价值。
The academy is far more inclusive now than it used to be.
该学院如今比过去更为兼收并蓄。
academic adj. 学业的；学术的
[典型例句]
He is unsuited to academic work.
他不适合做学术工作。
It is a purely academic question.
这是一个纯理论问题。
objective n.目标;目的 adj.客观的
【教材原句】In 1967,the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria,and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
1967年,中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
【归纳拓展】
with the objective of...目的是……
achieve/meet an objective达到目标
set an objective制定目标
be objective about对……是客观的
objectively adv.客观地
object vi.不赞成,反对 n.目标;物体;客体;宾语
object to (doing) sth反对(做)某事
【背佳句】Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyse your short-term and long-term objectives and keep in mind your beliefs,values and strengths.
另一种设定现实目标的方法是分析你的短期和长期目标,并牢记你的信念、价值观和优势。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)We simply want to inform people objectively (objective) of the events.
(2)The method of analysis must be objective about evaluating the accident rate.
写精彩 一句多译·背诵
(3)就我而言,我是反对在办公室里吸烟的。
→In my opinion,I object to smoking in the office.(object)
→In my view,I am against smoking in the office.(against)
botanical adj. 植物学的
[典型例句]
The area is of great botanical interest.
该地区很有植物学研究价值。
200,000 specimens of fungus are kept at the Komarov Botanical Institute.
20万个真菌标本被保存在科马罗夫植物研究所。
4.evaluate vt.评价;评估
【教材原句】Her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts,and evaluated 280,000 plants for their medical properties.
她的团队查看了2 000多本古老的医学文献,并对28万种植物的药用性能进行了评估。
【归纳拓展】
evaluate...on/by根据……评价……
evaluation n.估计;评价
make an evaluation of对……进行评估
【背佳句】In order to stay motivated to achieve the goal,firstly you need to evaluate yourself properly.
为了保持动力去实现目标,首先你需要恰当地评估自己。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated (evaluate) in terms of overall quality.
(2)The anger was that all the rest of us were evaluated on/by what we produced.
写精彩 一句多译·背诵
(3)我们必须评估火灾造成的后果。
→We must evaluate the consequences caused by the fire.(evaluate)
→We must make an evaluation of the consequences caused by the fire.(evaluation)
property n. 性质；特征；财产
[典型例句]
The property was owned communally.
这财产属集体所有。
This building is government property.
这座大楼是政府的财产。
distinct adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的
【教材原句】From their research,they discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria.
从他们的研究中,他们发现并测试了380种不同的古代中医疗法,这些疗法在抗击疟疾方面很有希望。
【归纳拓展】
be distinct from...与……不同
it is distinct that...很明显……
distinction n.差别;区分;卓著;不同凡响
make a distinction between对……加以区分
【背佳句】The fact that he didn’t speak a foreign language put him at a distinct disadvantage.
他不会说外语这件事使他处于明显的不利地位。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)The new law makes no distinction(distinct) between adults and children.
(2)We must make a distinction between formal language and informal language.
写精彩 句式转换·背诵
(3)Those two ideas are quite different from each other.
→Those two ideas are quite distinct from each other.(应用文之观点态度)
14.extract vt. 提取物；摘录;. 提取；提炼；摘录；（用力）拔出
[典型例句]
The first part is to extract each packet.
第一部分是提取每一个包。
The team's attempts to extract DNA from the 1947 bones all failed.
该小组从1947根骨头中提取 DNA 的尝试都失败了。
15.wormwood n. 蒿；洋艾
[典型例句]
Sweet wormwood is a common plant in China and Tu Youyou is the woman who used the special power of the plant to save millions of lives.
在中国，青蒿是一种常见的植物，而屠呦呦就是那个用这种植物的特殊力量拯救了数百万人生命的女人。
My words must be gall and wormwood to him.
我的话在他听来一定逆耳。
boil vt. ＆vi n. （使）沸腾；煮开；烧开;. 沸腾；沸点
[典型例句]
(1)vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开
The water is beginning to boil.
水开始沸腾。
Boil the egg for three minutes.
把鸡蛋煮三分钟。
(2)n.沸腾；沸点
Bring the soup to the boil, then allow it to simmer for five minutes.
把汤煮开，然后文火煮五分钟。
[思维拓展]
boiling water 沸水(即处于100℃的开水)
boiled water 白开水(烧开过的水)
[即时训练]
Boiling(boil) water cracked a cup across the bottom.
liquid n adj.. 液体; 液体的；液态的
[典型例句]
The liquid is then diluted.
然后液体就变稀了。
It's vital not to overheat the liquid.
最关键的是不要让液体过热。
18.obtain vt vi. （尤指经努力）获得；贏得;. （规章、习俗等）存在；流行
[典型例句]
I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report.
我终于设法弄到了这份报告的一个副本。
These conditions no longer obtain.
这些条件不再适用。
[思维拓展]
obtain advice/information/promise得到忠告/信息/应许
obtainable adj.可获得的；可得到的
[即时训练]
The perfect body has always been difficult to obtain(obtain)．
19..acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢
【教材原句】However,Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
然而,屠呦呦并不承认失败。
【归纳拓展】
acknowledge doing/having done sth承认做了某事
acknowledge sb/sth to be/as...承认某人/某物是……
acknowledge that...承认……
it’s generally/universally acknowledged that...人们公认……
acknowledgement n.承认;感谢;谢礼
in acknowledgement of sth 对某事表示感谢
【背佳句】It is universally acknowledged that he has a great talent for music.
人们公认他有很高的音乐天赋。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)She has been acknowledged as the most promising female scientist in her research area.
(2)I was sent a free copy in acknowledgement (acknowledge) of my contribution.
(3)With no solid evidence,he refused to acknowledge stealing/having stolen (steal) the lady’s purse.
写精彩 一句多译·背诵
(4)正如大家所公认的,除非我们创造一个污染更少的世界,否则我们不可能看到更蓝的天空。
→It is acknowledged that we can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world.(it作形式主语)
→As is acknowledged ,we can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world.(定语从句)
defeat n vt. 失败；挫败;. 击败；战胜
[典型例句]
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
(1)vt.打败；战胜；使受挫
Li Na defeated her opponent and won the first in the final of the French Open in 2011.
在2011年法国网球公开赛决赛中，李娜击败对手获得了冠军。
The proposal was defeated by 16 votes to 6.
因16票反对，6票赞成，该提议未能通过。
(2)n.[C，U]失败
The Brazil national football team suffered a defeat in the World Cup.
巴西国家足球队在世界杯上被击败了。
[易混辨析]
defeat, beat, win
defeat 击败，强调过程和结果 宾语是对手
beat 打败；(连续)击打 宾语是对手
win 赢得；获胜 宾语是game或prize等
[即时训练]
The navy played a limited but significant role in defeating(defeat) the rebellion.
analyse vt. 分析
[典型例句]
We should analyse what they said and not just agree with everything.
我们应该对他们的意见加以分析，不要随声附和。
[思维拓展]
analysis n．分析，它的复数形式是analyses。
analysable adj.可分析的；可分解的
His analysis was always convincing.
他的分析总是令人信服的。
I want a detailed report of all the analyses.
我想要一份所有分析的详细报告。
Many compounds are analysable.
许多化合物是可分解的。
[即时训练]
They collect blood samples for analysis(analyse) at a national laboratory.
22.apparently adv.显而易见;看来;显然
【教材原句】She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
她的结论是,煮沸青蒿显然破坏了它的药用性能。
【归纳拓展】
as is apparently shown/stated in the picture/chart/passage above
正如上面图画/图表/文中明显展示/陈述的那样
apparent adj.显而易见的;显然的;表面上的
it is apparent that...显然……
【背佳句】As I approached the tractor,he jumped out onto the road,apparently unhurt,and dashed back to me.
就在我走近拖拉机时,他跳到公路上,显然没受伤,跑回到了我身边。
【温馨提示】
“显然”的多种表达方式:
it is apparent/obvious/distinct that...
apparently/obviously/distinctly...
I thought she had retired,but apparently/obviously/distinctly she hasn’t.
我原以为她退休了,但是很显然她还没有。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)He was apparently (apparent) much surprised at the news that the amateur athlete beat the professional one who ranked top ten.
(2)It is apparent _that anyone of us shouldn’t take it for granted at present.
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
正如上面图表所明确展示的那样,大约10%的学生支持这种观点。 As is apparently shown in the chart above ,there are about 10% students supporting the idea.(应用文之观点)
22.apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然
[典型例句]
Apparently, they are getting married soon.
很显然，他们要结婚了。
I thought he had found a new job, but apparently he hasn't.
我原以为他找到了新工作，但显然还没有。
[思维拓展]
apparent adj.显而易见的；明白易懂的；显然的；表面上的
It was apparent from her face that she was really excited.
从她脸上一眼就可以看出她的确很兴奋。
It soon became apparent to all that he couldn't solve the problem.
很快大家就明白了他无法解决这个问题。
[即时训练]
Apparently(apparent) they are getting divorced soon.
23.substance[ s bst ns]n. 物质；物品；事实根据
[典型例句]
Petrol is a volatile substance.
汽油是挥发性物质。
Clay is a plastic substance.
黏土是可塑物质。
Nothing of any substance was achieved in the meeting.
会议没有取得任何实质性成果。
insist vi. ＆vt. 坚持；坚决要求
[典型例句]
They always insist on high quality.
他们一贯坚持高质量。
Her parents insisted on speaking to the headmaster.
她父母坚持要和校长谈话。
She insisted on him wearing a suit.
她坚持要他穿西装。
He insisted that he had seen a ghost.
他坚持说自己见到鬼了。
[思维拓展]
insist on sth.坚决要求某事；坚持说某事
insist on/upon doing sth.坚持要做某事
insist on/upon one's doing sth.坚持要求某人做某事
[特别提示]
insist的词义不同，其后的宾语从句形式也不同：
词意 宾语从句
坚持要求 宾语从句使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语是“(should＋)do”结构。
坚持认为；坚持说 宾语从句使用陈述语气。
Insisting that Tom had stolen his car, Smith insisted that Tom (should) be put (put) in prison.
由于坚持认为汤姆偷了他的车，史密斯坚持要求把汤姆送进监狱。
[即时训练]
①If you insist on/upon leaving now, please go ahead.
②He insists that she come(come)．
25.scientific adj. 科学（上）的；关于科学的
[典型例句]
She aspired to a scientific career.
她有志于科学事业。
Our scientific research is second to none.
我们的科学研究不亚于任何人。
26.mostly adv. 主要地；一般地
[典型例句]
Cars are mostly metal.
汽车大多是金属制成的。
She's nearly 90 and mostly keeps to her room.
她快90岁了，大部分时间都待在房间里。
27.wear and tear （正常使用造成的）磨损；损耗
[典型例句]
These are the first machines that can stand the wear and tear of continuously crushing glass.
这些是第一批能经得住连续碾碎玻璃造成的磨损的机器。
They must endure wear and tear.
它们必须能够经得起磨损。
[典型例句]
We can safely draw some conclusions from our discussion.
从讨论中我们可以有把握地得出一些结论。
[思维拓展]
make a conclusion下结论
come to/draw/arrive at/reach a/the conclusion得出结论
in conclusion(＝to conclude)最后，总之(常作插入语)
jump/leap to conclusions/the conclusion that...匆忙下结论，贸然断定
conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出
conclude (sth.)以……结束(……)
conclude(从……)推断出/断定……
conclude...(to be)．..断定……(是)……
Let us conclude our meeting with a song.
请让我们用一首歌来结束我们的会议。
What do you conclude from the facts
从这些事实中你得出了什么结论？
[即时训练]
I've come to the conclusion(conclude) that he's not the right person for the job.
29.penicillin n. 青霉素；盘尼西林
[典型例句]
He was treated with penicillin injections.
他接受了青霉素注射。
One dose of penicillin can wipe out the infection.
一剂青霉素即可消除感染。
30.flee vt. （fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑
[典型例句]
He spent six months in prison before fleeing the country.
他在逃离那个国家之前坐了六个月的牢。
Many German artists fled to America at the beginning of World War Ⅱ.
二战开始时，很多德国艺术家逃到了美国。
[易混辨析]
flee与escape
flee只说明动作，不强调结果；escape逃离，结果是成功的。
The enemy fled in disorder but only a few of them narrowly escaped death.
敌人纷纷逃跑，但只有少数侥幸逃生。
[即时训练]
①All the teachers and students managed to_flee (flee) the burning teaching building.
②He applied for asylum(政治庇护) in 1987 after fleeing (flee) the police back home.
circumstance n. [usually pl].条件；环境；状况
[典型例句]
In/Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job.
在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这项工作。
I know I can trust the woman in any circumstances.
我知道我在任何情况下都能信任那个女人。
[思维拓展]
in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此
in/under no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装)
[即时训练]
①—Can I use the telephone on the table，sir
—Under no circumstances is (be) anyone allowed to use the telephone in the office for personal affairs.
②The company reserves the right to cancel this agreement in certain circumstances(circumstance)．
32.novelist n. 小说家 novel n. （长篇）小说
[典型例句]
She was esteemed the perfect novelist.
她被认为是最完美的小说家。
For a novelist, that's quite an accomplishment.
对于一个小说家来说，那是一个了不起的成就。
He is working on a new novel.
他正在写一部新小说。
Have you read her new novel
你看过她新出的小说了吗？
33.flow n vi. 流；流动；流畅；供应;. 流；流动
This valve regulates the flow of water.
这个阀门调节水流。
As they flow south, the five rivers converge.
这5条河向南流，最终汇合在一起。
34.flow chart 流程图
[典型例句]
This flow chart, shown below, summarizes the overall costing process.
这张流程图如下所示，概括了成本计算的全程。
Why don't we start by making a flow chart from the notes our tutor gave us 我们为什么不从导师给我们的笔记开始，做一个流程图呢？
found vt.创建;建立;把……建立在
【教材原句】founded modern nursing
创立了现代护理制度
【归纳拓展】
be founded in建立于……
be founded on/upon建立在……基础上;(建筑物)建立在……上
founder n.创始人;创建者;缔造者
foundation n.地基;基础,根据
lay a (film/solid) foundation for...为……打下(坚实的)基础
【背佳句】The Huoshen Mountain Hospital founded in ten days has been put into use in order to fight against COVID-19.
为了抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎,在十天内建成的火神山医院已经投入使用了。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)Adam Smith is considered one of the _____founders_______ (found) of classical economics.
(2)The teacher founded his system of language teaching ____on/upon________the belief that speaking should come before reading.
(3)Tsinghua University,______founded ______(found) in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding individuals.
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
(4)通过共同合作,我们能够为经济持续发展奠定扎实的基础。
By working together,we can lay a solid foundation for sustainable economic development.
36.infer vt. 推断；推定
[典型例句]
What can we infer about the author from the text
从文章中我们能推断出作者的什么信息？
What can we infer from the passage about the author
我们可以从文章中推断出关于作者的什么信息？
37.politician n. 从政者；政治家；政客
[典型例句]
This is a wily politician.
这是一个狡猾的政客。
He represents a new breed of politician.
他代表着新一类的政治家。
As a politician he has often courted controversy.
作为政治人物，他常常招致争议。
38.numerous adj. 众多的；许多的
[典型例句]
Numerous marriages now end in divorce.
现在许多婚姻都以离婚而告终。
Wild boar are numerous in the valleys.
这些山谷里有无数的野猪。
He has been late on numerous occasions.
他已经迟到过无数次了。
39.theory n. 理论；学说
[典型例句]
One theory about the moon is that it is a piece broken off from the earth.
有一种关于月球的学说认为它是地球分离出的一部分。
This theory should be proved before it is used.
在运用这个理论前要对它进行证明。
[思维拓展]
in theory ([反] in practice) 理论上
Your plan is good in theory, but does it work in practice
你的计划在理论上不错，但实施起来行吗？
[即时训练]
We should combine theory (理论) with practice.
40.relativity n. 相对论；相对性
[典型例句]
According to the theory of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light.
根据相对论，任何东西都无法超越光速。
Einstein's theory of relativity won for him universal esteem.
爱因斯坦的相对论赢得了全世界对他的崇敬。
formula n. 公式；方程式；配方
[典型例句]
The formula is jealously guarded.
对该配方戒备森严。
This formula is used to calculate the area of a circle.
这个公式用于计算圆的面积。
42.genius n. （pl. genuses)天才；天资；天赋
[典型例句]
She was extolled as a genius.
她被誉为天才。
He's a genius at organizing people.
他是人员组织方面的天才。
gentle adj. 温柔的；文静的
[典型例句]
I like her gentle voice.
我喜欢她温和的声音。
He eats in a gentle way.
他吃饭的样子很文雅。
[易混辨析]
gentle, soft
gentle 侧重指人或其他方面“体贴的；温和的”，含有安慰、爱抚等意思。
soft 侧重指人说话声音低或说话怕被人听见，意思是“轻声的”，指物时，表示“柔软的”。
Arthur was a very gentle, caring person.
亚瑟是一个非常温柔体贴的人。
The soft music sounds very pleasing to the ear.
那轻柔的音乐听起来十分悦耳。
[即时训练]
She smiled gently(gentle) at him.
她温柔地朝他微笑。
43.patent n. 专利；专利证书；获得专利; adj.有专利的；受专利保护的
[典型例句]
The device was protected by patent.
这一装置受专利保护。
P&G applied for a patent on its cookies.
宝洁公司为其饼干申请了专利。
44.passion n. 酷爱；激情
【教材原句】While working there,out of a strong passion for knowledge,he continued to study,earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.
在那里工作期间,出于对知识的强烈热情,他继续学习,并于1905年获得了物理学博士学位。
【归纳拓展】
have a passion for热爱;酷爱
with passion充满激情
passionate adj.热诚的;狂热的
be passionate about 对……充满热情
【背佳句】Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough. 仅仅擅长某件事并热爱它是不够的。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)In addition to their interest in computers,they shared a passion _for_music.
(2)That will help show you know the field you are passionate (passion) about.
写精彩 一句多译·背诵
(3)我的第一个建议是从事你热爱的专业。
→My first recommendation is to pursue the type of practice you have a passion for .(passion)
→My first recommendation is to pursue the type of practice you are passionate about.(passionate)
45.extraordinary adj. 不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的
[典型例句]
She is a designer of extraordinary versatility.
她是位特别多才多艺的设计师。
His behaviour was extraordinary and inexplicable.
他的行为离奇且令人费解。
gradually adv. 逐渐地；逐步地
[典型例句]
Gradually，the children began to understand it.
孩子们渐渐开始明白这件事了。
They gradually improved their work.
他们逐渐地改善了工作。
[思维拓展]
gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的
Recovery from the disease is very gradual.
这种病的康复过程很缓慢。
[即时训练]
Electricity lines to 30,000 homes were gradually(gradual) being restored yesterday.
47.photoelectric adj. 光电的
[典型例句]
High speed photoelectric sensor.
高速光电传感器。
Photoelectric work offers the widest scope .
光电工作提供了最广阔的天地。
e to power （开始）掌权；上台
【教材原句】Circumstances changed in 1933,when Hitler came to power in Germany.
1933年,当希特勒在德国掌权时,情况发生了变化。
【归纳拓展】
power n.能力;力量;权力;职权;政权;电力供应
be in power掌权,执政(表示状态,可以和一段时间连用)
have the power to do sth具有做某事的能力/权力
beyond/out of one’s power某人力所不能及的
take power夺取政权
do all/everything in one’s power to do sth竭尽某人所能做某事
powerful adj.强有力的
【背佳句】He promised that once he came to power,he would set out to improve the living conditions.
他承诺说一旦他当权,他就会着手改善生活条件。
【温馨提示】
(1)come to power用法同take office,意为“就职,上台,执政”。
(2)come to/into power表示动作,为非延续性动词词组,不能与一段时间连用;be in power为延续性动词词组,意为“执政,在位”。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power _to do_(do) things which are against the laws of nature.
(2)At that moment,Tom’s _powerful_ (power) voice interrupted them.
写精彩 句式转换·背诵
(3)The government came to power two years ago.
→The government has been in power for two years.
49.institution n. 社会公共机构；制度；习俗
institute n. （教育、专业等）机构；机构建筑
[典型例句]
I believe in the institution of marriage.
我相信婚姻制度。
Bernard works at the same institution as Arlette.
伯纳德与阿莱特在同一个机构工作。
Mr. Lin is associate director of the Institute.
林先生是该研究所的副主任。
He got a scholarship to the Pratt Institute of Art.
他得到了一笔普拉特艺术学院的奖学金。
consequence n. 结果；后果
[典型例句]
I'm quite willing to take the consequences of my actions.
我很愿意承担自己行动的后果。
He studied hard，and in consequence he passed the exam.
他努力学习，因此通过了考试。
[思维拓展]
因此，结果(＝as a result)
as a/in consequence of＝as a result of由于……
take the consequences of...承担……的后果
be of no/great consequence 无关紧要/非常重要
consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的
consequently adv.结果；因此
[即时训练]
(1)Drunk driving has been banned. Consequently (consequent),the traffic accidents are decreasing.
(2)A severe flood strikes the city and there is a consequent (consequence) shortage of food.
51.take up a position担任;任职
【教材原句】After spending time in Europe,he finally took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton,USA.
在欧洲待了一段时间后,他最终在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院找到了一份研究员的工作。
【归纳拓展】
take up拿起;接受;开始;继续;占据(时间或空间)
take away解除;消除
take down拿下;取下;记下
take in理解;欺骗;接纳
take off起飞;突然受欢迎
take on呈现;开始雇用
【背佳句】I talked with a friend recently who took up a position at a start-up company.
我最近和一个朋友聊天,他在一家新成立的公司任职。
练出神 单句语法填空
(1)As our plane took off ,I told myself that I would absolutely return someday.
(2)On the contrary,smartphones not only take up our valuable time,but also do great harm to our health.
(3)I could hardly take in what the old man said for he was so weak.
写精彩 完成句子·背诵
(4)随着科技的发展,我们的祖国呈现出新的面貌。
With the development of science and technology,our country has
taken on a new look.
52.moustache n. 上唇的胡子；髭
[典型例句]
His moustache prickled when he kissed me.
他吻我的时候胡子扎人。
He has decided to grow a beard and a moustache.
他已经决定留起络腮胡子和髭。
53.peculiarity n. 个性；特点；怪异的性质
[典型例句]
The distortion is actually thanks to a peculiarity of the glassmaker's process.
这种变形实际上是由玻璃制造商工艺的特殊性造成的。
Every author has some peculiarity in his descriptions or in his style of writing.
每个作家在描写或写作风格上都有其独特性。
encounter vt n. 偶然碰到；遇到;. 邂适；遭遇
[典型例句]
Did you encounter anyone in the building
你在那栋大楼里偶然遇到什么人了吗？
In high school, I was very unpopular, and I did encounter a little prejudice.
在中学，我很不受欢迎，确实遇到了一点偏见。
55.professor n. 教授
[典型例句]
His grandfather was a professor.
他爷爷曾是位教授。
I had met Professor Lown before.
我以前见过劳恩教授。
He looked like a nutty professor.
他看上去像个古怪的的教授。
mourn vt. ＆. vi. 哀悼；忧伤
[典型例句]
He does not mourn the demise of that world liberated from court etiquette, he says, he can call someone an "idiot" if he wants, instead of "Your Excellency".
他说，他不会为这个从宫廷礼仪中解放出来的世界的消亡而哀悼，如果他愿意，他可以称某人为“白痴”，而不是“阁下”。
They mourn the passing of a simpler way of life.
他们对逝去的较为淳朴的生活感到惋惜。
56.remarkable adv. 非凡的；显著的[典型例句]
That is indeed a remarkable thing.
那真是了不起的事情。
[思维拓展]
a remarkable achievement/career/talent非凡的成就/事业/才能
remark n．谈论；言论；评述vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起
make a remark/ remarks on/ about就……发表意见；对……评头品足
make no remark什么也不说；不加评论
remark that...评论
remark on/upon谈论/评论……
remarkably adv.非常；极为；格外；出乎意料地
He made a number of rude remarks about the food here.
关于这里的食物他做了许多无礼的评论。
A local newspaper remarked that car accidents were on the decrease due to the forceful law.
一家地方报纸评论说由于强有力的法律措施，车祸在减少。
[即时训练]
①Since then, we have made remarkable(remark) progress.
②She is a remarkably (remarkable) determined politician.
③We passed a few remarks(remark) about the weather.
57.device n. 方法；技巧；装置；仪器
[典型例句]
The device is fixed to a post.
该设备固定在一根柱子上。
The device was protected by patent.
这一装置受专利保护。
The device draws gas along the pipe.
这装置将气体顺着管子抽出来。
58.sum vi n. 总结；概括;. 金额；款项；总数；总和
sum up 总结；概括
[典型例句]
It must have cost a tidy sum.
这准花了相当大的一笔钱。
Let x be the sum of a and b.
设x为a加b之和。
The sum was paid ex gratia.
这是所付的一笔特惠款。
Ask yourself to sum up the text and try to work out a "big idea".
让自己去总结文本，试着想出一个“大致的想法”。
Which Chinese character would you choose to sum up the past year
你会选择哪个汉字来总结过去的一年？
You need to avoid introducing new stuff here, it's got to sum up what you've said earlier.
你需要避免在这引入新的东西，它必须总结你之前说的东西。
59.draft n vt. 草稿；草案;. 起草；草拟
[典型例句]
I've made a rough draft of the letter.
我已经写好这封信的草稿。
This is only the first draft of my speech.
这只是我演讲的初稿。
I faxed a first draft of this article to him.
我把这篇文章的初稿传真给他。