北京市西城区北京重点中学2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题(无答案)

2023-2024学年度第一学期期末练习题
年级：高一 科目：英语
本卷满分100分，考试时间90分钟
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Brad hadn't seen Grandma Joy for six years since their fierce argument. At his brother's wedding, he 1 her again. He saw her walk unsteadily into the church and helped her get to the seat. But they didn't say much.
Six months after the wedding, Brad hiked the Appalachian Trail. He found himself 2 a lot about his grandmother and the time they had spent at Blue Rock State Park, which is close to her house. There, they'd lift rocks in the river to find fish. It puzzled him why that 3 in particular stayed with him. He decided to call Grandma Joy.
It would be their first real 4 in years. She invited him over and he said "yes". When the door opened, everything inside looked the same. But he was looking at a woman who had 5 . They made small talk. Grandma Joy said that she had many 6 in her life. One of them was that except her time at Blue Rock State Park, she'd never had the chance to see what she called the great outdoors.
Brad left his grandmother's house and went back to his routine. But he couldn't help thinking of Grandma Joy and her sadness of not seeing more of 7 . She just lived a simple life that stopped at the edge of the county line. He thought it would be a lifelong pity if he didn't 8 her. Then he came up with an idea that even he knew was 9 . He would take his 85-year-old grandma on a camping trip to a national park. He told her his crazy idea. The old lady 10 him by asking, "When do we leave "
Having arrived there, Brad made a campfire. They sat next to each other, feeling the warmth and looking at stars. They 11 the lockbox of their past, talking about families and friends, about loss and pain. They told each other they'd wasted too many years being 12 . So they decided to go on more trips together.
They have now visited 62 national parks. The open road provided time for the pair to 13 their secrets. Grandma Joy highly valued Brad's company during the trips. She said she wouldn't 14 him for anybody. Now, they' re not just traveling partners, not just grandmother and grandson, but 15 .
1. A. missed B. called C. praised D. met
2. A. thinking B. reading C. asking D. expecting
3. A. goal B. plan C. dream D. memory
4. A. conversation B. party C. picnic D. creation
5. A. aged B. joked C. hurried D. succeeded
6. A. worries B. regrets C. wishes D. challenges
7. A. art B. nature C. history D. culture
8. A. watch out for B. keep up with C. reach out to D. stay away from
9. A. useless B. incorrect C. impractical D. unnecessary
10. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. embarrassed
11. A. lost B. changed C. borrowed D. opened
12. A. different B. distant C. busy D. polite
13. A. keep B. forget C. share D. record
14. A. trade B. blame C. mistake D. trouble
15. A. strangers B. competitors C. relatives D. friends
第二节 语法填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
After college, I tried for six months to get a job, but my luck was bad. Finally, one day I was in a downtown coffee shop, buried in the newspaper, and my luck began to change. A young woman sitting next to me 16 （ask）whether she could read my newspaper. I said OK and we started talking. She told me she worked in a huge advertising company and 17 （look）for an assistant at the moment. I told her I was interested in mass communication and 18 （study）it for four years at the university. Within one week, I was her assistant.
B
When I turned eighteen, I started working for my neighbors, 19 three children are all under 10 years old. The neighbors asked me if 1 had gotten my driver's license. When I said yes, they were pleased because I could drive the kids to places 20 they could have fun. I never realized how hard it was to take care of so many kids. As soon as we get in the car, they ask. "Arc we there yet " They think that we should arrive immediately. When they re thirsty, they ask me to buy them soda, but what i tell them is that it is healthier to drink water. However, they always say, "In our house we drink soda. "I don't understand why their parents give them soda instead of water. Whether I should follow the rules of my house or theirs confused me a lot, so I asked my parents what I should do. My parents told me not to say anything 21 was about their parents' rules but that I should try to encourage healthy habits by example. Little by little I'm learning how to take care of children. I hope that I 22 （be）as good a mom to my kids as my mom has been to me.
C
The term "multitasking" originally 23 （refer）to a computer's ability to carry out several tasks at one time. So far, multitasking 24 （become）a way of life and even a key to success for many people. In fact, some excellent mental exercises involve engaging the brain in two or more challenging activities at a time. 25 checking e-mail while talking on a phone and reading the newspaper may be second nature for some people, many times multitasking can make us less productive. And studies show that too much multitasking can lead to increased stress, anxiety and memory loss.
D
In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U. S. A., guests tend to feel that they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party 26 （send）only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it is considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance 27 plans that are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures in 28 time is treated differently. Promptness（准时）is highly valued in American life. For example, 29 people are not punctual, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U. S. A. no one would think of keeping a business partner waiting for an hour, since it would be too impolite. A person 30 is five minutes late will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
第二部分：阅读理解（共19小题；每小题2分，共38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文、从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Do you know someone who has a bard time opening bottles or jars at home Eighth-grade students in Mark Bolt's engineering class were tasked with making changes to a product to make it easier for people with challenges to use.
Rather than requiring step-by-step directions for creating their projects, Mr. Bolt preferred to leave students"creative paths open. Let's see some of the students’ products. A Device That Easily Opens Bottles
To find a solution for her grandmother who bad difficulty in opening bottles, Alana looked at existing bottle openers and then she created her own.
She used a piece of wood shaped like a cellphone. Next, she made three holes of different sizes in the wood so that they could match common bottle cap sizes. Each hole also had a layer of dried, sticky hot glue, which provided a firm grip for the bottle caps. With a simple twist of the device, her grandmother could open bottles without help.
A Coffee Cup With A Supportive "Thumb"
Due to arthritis, a disease that causes pain in or around the joints, Robert's grandfather had trouble holding a coffee cup. Robert simplified a robotic "third thumb" device created by a London designer. He used rubber bands and a 3D-printed plastic form to make the extra "thumb"which can firmly support the bottom of a cup.
A Reading Tool
Michael noticed how dyslexia—a common reading disorder, made it difficult for a friend to follow along on pages full of text. It is a language-processing condition. The brain tends to confuse the order of numbers, letters and other images.
So, Michael created a small adjustable window-blind-style device. "My friend could isolate small sections of text while reading," he said.
31. Alana's grandmother could open bottles easily by .
A. sticking bottle caps to the device
B. connecting the device to a cellphone
C. twisting the device that has holes in it
D. cutting holes of different sizes in wood
32. What did Robert do to help his grandfather
A. He reformed a process to form a metal "thumb".
B. He created a simpler "thumb"device in the cup.
C. He added plastic materials to the "thumb"device.
D. He used bands and a 3D-printed form to make a "thumb".
33. Which of the following words can best describe the students in the passage
A. Independent and patient. B. Creative and considerate.
C. Ambitious and hardworking. D. Open-minded and generous.
B
Sarah came running in. "Look what I found." Over the top of the paper I was reading came a crispy long object that caused me to jump. It was a snake skin that had been shed by one of our many garden snakes.
"Isn't it beautiful " said my wide-eyed seven-year-old.
I stared at the organic wrapper and thought to myself that it really wasn't that beautiful, but I have learned never to appear uninterested with children. They see only good quality and excellence in the world until educated otherwise.
"Why does it do this " Sarah asked.
"Snakes shed their skin because they need to renew themselves," I explained. "Why do they need to renew themselves " Sarah asked.
I suddenly remembered an article on this page many years ago where the writer was expressing her concept of renewal. She used layers of paper over a wall to describe how we hide our original selves, and said that by peeling away those layers one by one, we see the original beneath. "We often need to shed our skins and those coatings that we cover ourselves with,"I said to my now absorbed daughter. "We outgrow some things and find other ones unwanted or unnecessary. This snake no longer needs this skin. It is probably too crinkly(起皱的) for him, and he probably doesn't think he looks as smart in it as he once did."
Sarah was getting the point. As we talked, I knew that she began to understand, although slightly, that renewal is part of progress; that we need to take a good look at ourselves, our rooms, schoolwork and creativity, and see what we need to keep and what we need to cast off. I was careful to point out that this is a natural consequence of their growth.
"I see, Dad," said Sarah and jumped off my lap and ran off.
I hoped she would remember this. That often, in order to find our real selves underneath the layers of community and culture with which we cover ourselves year after year, we need to start examining these layers. We need to gently peel some away, as we recognize them to be worthless or unnecessary; or at best, store the ones thrown away as mementoes(念想) of our promotion to a better vitality or spirit.
34. Sarah learned from her father that renewal is .
A. to recover the layers inside B. a natural part of getting mature
C. to review what has been done D. the process of finding the unwanted
35. It can be inferred from the passage that the author .
A. dislikes the snake skin at all
B. shows concern for nature and culture
C. can grasp the chance to educate children
D. often encourages his daughter to raise questions
36. The author mainly tells the reader that .
A. we should renew ourselves to get improved
B. snakes cast off the layers to look smarter
C. snakes shed their skins to renew themselves
D. we should explore our original nature underneath
C
Have you ever bought a new car and started noticing the exact color and model of car everywhere Has that type of car just become popular in your city Were they there before Or are you just going crazy
You're not going crazy. The reason you are now just noticing them is what psychologists call "priming". Basically, the cars were always there. You just didn't recognize them consciously. However, when that certain model of car becomes part of your conscious thinking, you start"automatically"recognizing all of the other cars that are the same, because you are already "primed” to do so.
The priming effect takes many forms. In one study, students were asked to walk around a room for 5 minutes at a rate of 30 steps per minute, which was about one-third their normal pace. After this brief experience, the participants were much quicker to recognize words related to old age, such as forgetful, old, and lonely. Reciprocal priming effects tend to produce a coherent reaction: if you are primed to think of old age, you would tend to act old, and acting old would reinforce the thought of old age. This research shows that the way we think influences the way we act, and the way we act influences the way we think.
A similar conclusion was reached by the American psychologist William James a century ago, but he emphasized the effect on feeling. "Actions seem to follow feeling, but really actions and feeling go together; and by regulating the action, which is under the more direct control of the will, we can indirectly regulate the feeling, which is not. Thus the path to cheerfulness, should our cheerfulness be lost, is to sit up cheerfully and to act and speak as if cheerfulness were already there."
So, that's it. If you want to be happy, just sit up and act happy. Based on these scientific findings, we can adopt certain priming effects to help make ourselves consistently happier.
One thing we have in common is our ability to think, and thus feel. Pleasant thoughts have been proven to produce the chemicals that make us feel happy, particularly thoughts and feelings of gratitude. When we purposefully go through and think about the things we’re grateful for and deliberately feel as much gratitude as we can, we are flooding our mind with the "happy chemicals". Furthermore, by consciously thinking, feeling and expressing gratitude, we will not only be happier in the moment, we will be "primed" to recognize the things in our life to appreciate. Each time this happens, the "happy chemicals"will be produced. Do this every day and we will become consistently happier. This makes up for the momentary happiness we gain from eating chocolate or buying new clothes. More than that, combining thoughts of gratitude with happy acts like smiling and laughing will have a supplementary positive effect on our state of mind.
37. Which of the following is an example of the priming effect
A. Walking much faster after attending a lecture about old age.
B. Donating money to the poor after seeing pictures of cute cats.
C. Learning about various types of cars after purchasing the first car.
D. Completing SO P as SOUP rather than SOAP after seeing the word EAT.
38. What does the underlined word“reciprocal" in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Related. B. Two-way. C. Well-rounded. D. Opposite
39. What will the author probably agree with
A. Eating or shopping leads to consistent feelings of happiness.
B. Our will has greater control over emotions than over actions.
C. Happy chemicals make us think about the things we're grateful for.
D. Practicing gratitude frequently prepares us for long-term happiness.
40. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A. Prime Yourself to Be Happier
B. Share Happiness to Enhance Wellbeing
C. Why Gratitude Is Important in Psychology
D. How Happy Chemicals Affect People's Thoughts
D
Personality types are linked with structural differences in the brain, which could explain why one child grows up to be impulsive（冲动的）and outgoing while another becomes diligent and introspective.
Structural differences between the brains of 85 people have been measured and linked with the four main categories of personality types, which were classified as "novelty seeking", characterized by impulsive actions; "harm avoidance", marked by pessimism and shyness; "reward dependence", with an addictive personality; and "persistence", who are people tending to be diligent, hard-working and perfectionists.
The researchers said the brain differences are structural and can be measured in the size of specific regions of the brain that appear to be linked with each of the four personality types. For instance, people defined as novelty-seeking personalities had a structurally bigger area in the brain while people with harm-avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions.
The fact that characteristics are reflected in specific structural differences is useful to know, for instance, when it comes to understanding a child's behavior and choosing the right approach so that somebody who is, for example, particularly timid, might be helped through education and development.
There is no point shouting at a child who is very shy and telling them off, because it does not come naturally to them to put themselves forward. But actually knowing there is a biological basis for this helps educators or parents to use the right approach to help a child to compensate.
People who have a reward-dependence personality could, for example, be helped at an early age because they are at risk of turning to drink, drugs or food if they do not get the family support and encouragement they need.
"This study shows that personality characteristics are something you are born with, but their full expression can be adjusted during development with the right approach," said Professor Venneri, who carried out the study with colleagues from the University of Parma in Italy and Washington University in St Louis.
If you know it's not something you do but something you are, you can change the environment to reduce the risk. Knowing that someone has such a predisposition(体质) could help them adopt preventive strategies and avoid situations where they might seek rewards which could be potentially harmful.
41. Which type of person may turn out to be drug-abusers
A. "Novelty seeking". B. "Persistence". C. "Harm avoidance". D. "Reward dependence".
42. Which of the following is true about shy people
A. They structurally have a smaller brain region.
B. They can naturally put themselves forward.
C. They are too timid to be educated and helped.
D. They are often shouted at and scolded.
43. What's the main idea of the passage
A. People have chances to change their personality types.
B. Structural differences in the brain have effects on education.
C. Personality types are related to structural differences in the brain.
D. Scientists have identified four different personality types.
44. The author writes the passage to .
A. argue a claim B. present a fact C. support a research D. introduce an approach
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项有两项为多余选项。
Working Together to Save the Sea Turtles
Florida has some of the best beaches in the world. Thousands of people visit the state to enjoy the sand. But these beaches are also home to five species of sea turtles. A major problem is facing these interesting creatures. 45 So how do Floridians protect these special animals
Some volunteers and researchers in Florida take direct action to help the turtles. They look closely at the sand to find the fin(鳍) marks the mother sea turtles left there. 46 When they've figured out where the eggs were laid, they mark the area off so that no one disturbs the eggs. They also collect information about the nests and tracks to help people studying sea turtles.
These are not the only Floridians taking action to help protect these creatures. Florida's government has passed laws to save the turtles. One of these laws is "Florida's Marine Turtle Protection Act". This law prohibits anyone from disturbing or destroying marine turtles, nests, or eggs. 47
Another way Floridians work together to save these creatures is through organizations like the Sea Turtle Conservancy. The Sea Turtle Conservancy helps people take steps that will help reduce the threats that put sea turtles in danger. For instance, bright lights on buildings near the beach can negatively impact sea turtles. Baby sea turtles usually hatch on the sandy beach and head to the ocean. When there are bright lights coming from the other side of the shore far from the ocean, the baby turtles get confused. 48 To help save these turtles, The Sea Turtle Conservancy works with property owners to make lighting in their buildings sea turtle-friendly. They also encourage Florida residents to turn off their lights at night if they live close to a beach.
49 Sometimes, turtles mistake plastic bags for jellyfish. They eat this trash and die. Florida residents can volunteer for beach clean-ups and make sure to pick up their own litter. They can also vote for state leaders who want to protect the sea turtles' habitats. Every individual in the community has the power to make a difference!
A. Many of them do not make it to the ocean and die.
B. Some of these turtle species are in danger of going extinct.
C. This helps them to locate where the sea turtles laid their eggs.
D. It also helps make sure that sea turtles' natural habitats are protected.
E. Female sea turtles come from the ocean and onto these beaches at night.
F. They use their fins to move back across the beach and return to the ocean
G. Every Floridian can do their part to protect sea turtles and their environment.
第三部分：词汇（共12小题；每小题1分，共12分）
第一节 选词填空（共7小题；每小题1分，共7分）
用方框中单词或短语的正确形式完成下列句子，每个单词（短语）只能用一次，有两个多余选项。
attend, let off, confident, inspire,
live up to, previous, surround, apply for
50. The trees had been planted by the owner of the house.
51. The team is quite successful; all the players have in their manager.
52. As a lucky child I was by love and kindness.
53. He hopes he will be a（n） for other young people from disadvantaged backgrounds.
54. The film was so attractive that it certainly my expectations.
55. firecrackers and fireworks is a traditional way to celebrate the Spring Festival.
56. Nowadays many university graduates are facing the dilemma about whether they should a job or continue further study.
第二节（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分）
根据首字母和英文释义，填写适当的单词。请将完整的单词拼写填在答题纸上。
57. She was brave enough to q her job to go travelling around the world. （to leave your job, school, etc,; stop doing sth.）
58. He wouldn't have the p to sit reading all day. （the ability to continue waiting or doing something for a long time without becoming angry or anxious）
59. He received a watch as a present on the o of his retirement. （a special event, ceremony or celebration）
60. I refuse to lie about it; it’s against my P . （a moral rule or a strong belief That influences your actions）
61. How to d ourselves from cyber bullying in the era of Internet has become a heated topic.（to protect sb/sth from attack）
第四部分：书面表达（20分）
假设你是高一学生李华，你们班这学期读了一本英文小说WONDER，你非常喜欢，想要把这本小说推荐给你的英国朋友Jim。请你给他写一封信，内容包括：
1.故事梗概；
2.最喜欢的人物；
3.推荐理由。
注意：1.词数不少于100；2.开关和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：推荐recommend sth. To sb.; recommend sb. To do sth.
Dear Jim,