(共63张PPT)
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks
Section A 2d＆GF-4c
人教新目标版 八年级下册
主讲人：XXX
CONTENTS
目录
01
Review
03
Grammar
05
Summary
07
Exercises
02
Presentation
04
Practice
06
Language points
08
Homework
Learning objectives
复习巩固本节课重要句型，并能描述志愿者的活动，掌握You could… 句式提出帮助他人的建议。
Language competence
能正确运用向别人提供帮助的一些动词短语, 能掌握本课时出现的语法结构, 正确运用动词不定式的用法和功能，培养总结归纳的能力。
Learning ability
能够在老师的引导下，通过观察、讨论、归纳等课堂活动，探究动词短语和动词不定式的语言规律, 思考如何运用语法结构帮助我们提高英语的听,说,读,写的能力。
Thinking quality
培养学生乐于参加志愿者服务活动，能为他人着想，热爱公益事业; 能够了解国外的同龄人所参与的志愿服务活动，体验中西方文化的不同。
Cultural awareness
Part. 01
Review
If we are volunteers, we could……
Free talk.
Make sentence with “If…, …could…”
If we are volunteers, we could…….
visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.
help to clean up the street.
help children with their homework.
help the old people to cheer them up.
If we are volunteers, we could…….
help the traffic police order.
help teachers clean the blackboard.
If we are volunteers, we could…….
Part. 02
Presentation
Watch the conversation between Helen and Tom, Then Fill in the blanks.
Watch and fill.
Helen: Hi, Tom. I’m __________________ to work in ____________________ this summer.
Tom: Really I did that last summer!
Helen: Oh, what did they ask you to with
Tom: Mm... reading the newspaper to the old people, or just talking to them. They told me stories about the past and how things___________.
Helen: That sounds ____________.
Tom: Yeah, a lot of old people are . We should listen to them and _______ them.
Helen: You're right. I mean, we're all going to be old one day, too.
an old people’s home
help out
things like
used to be
interesting
lonely
care for
making some plans
Listen and read.
Helen: Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work in an old people's home this
summer.
Tom: Really I did that last summer!
Helen: Oh, what did they ask you to help out with
Tom: Mm... things like reading the newspaper to the old people, or just talking to
them. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.
Helen: That sounds interesting.
Tom: Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. We should listen to them and care for
them.
Helen: You're right. I mean, we're all going to be old one day, too.
制定一些计划
在养老院
help (sb.) out 分担……工作；帮一把；帮助（某人）摆脱困境
talk to sb.与某人交谈。
tell sb. sth.告诉某人某事。
used to 曾经…；过去…
孤独的。
listen to sb. 听某人的话。
照顾
Read the conversation in 2d and answers the questions.
1. Where’s Helen going to work this summer
She’s going to work in an old people’s home.
2. What did Tom do in the old people’s home
Reading the newspaper or just talking to the old people.
3. What did the old people tell him
4. What did Tom think about helping the old people
They told him stories about the past and how things used to be.
He thinks that people should listen to them and care for them.
After talking with Tom, Helen made a plan about her volunteer work.
I want to work in an ________________ this summer.
I could _____ the newspaper to the old people or just ____ to them. They would tell me stories about _______ and how things _________ . It will be very __________.
I think a lot of old people are ______. We should ______ them and _______ them because we are going to be old one day, too.
old people's home
read
talk
the past
used to be
interesting
lonely
listen to
care for
Where
When
What
Why
Group work.
Our school is going to hold some volunteer project next weekend.
1. Old People's Home 2.Clean-up Day in the neighborhood
3. Children's Hospital 4.After-school Study Program in the library
Discuss the questions in your groups and then make a report.
1. Where/When would you like to work
2. What could you do to help people
3. Why do you want to do it
Survey Report
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Report like this：
We would like to work in……. We could…….
We think…….
Give your report like this.
No matter how little our power is, everyone can make a difference.
Part. 03
Grammar
Grammar focus
Grammar Focus
Let’s read and translate these sentences.
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
Fill in the blanks according to grammar focus.
1. 我想帮助无家可归的人。
I’d like _______ _______ _______ people.
2. 她决定参加一个志愿课外阅读项目。
She _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ a volunteer after-school reading program.
3. 你可以请求医院让你去看望孩子，让他们振作起来。
You could _______ hospitals _______ let you _______ the kids and _______ _______ _______.
to help homeless
decided to try out for
ask to visit
cheer them up
Fill in the blanks according to grammar focus.
4. Mario相信这可以帮助他获得未来的理想工作。
Mario believes it can _______ _______ _______ _______ his future dream job.
5. 她每周在那里做一次志愿者来帮助孩子们学习阅读。
She volunteers there once a week _______ _______ kids learn _______ _______.
6. 我在学校周围做一些标志去贴上。
I’m making some signs _______ _______ _______ around the school.
help him to get
to help
to read
to put up
Grammar focus
Grammar Focus
Read the following sentences and try to find out the infinitive structures.
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
I’d like to do
ask sb. to do
volunteer…to do
learn to do
decide to do
help sb. to do
make…to do
let sb. do
help sb. do
动词不定式
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。基本形式：______________，这里的to没有词义, 只是为了构成不定式的_________, 有时to可以省略；其否定形式为__________________。
“to＋动词原形”
一种符号
“not to＋动词原形”
语法概述
动词不定式
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此动词不定式除了____________以外，其他成分都可以作，因此，在句中可以作 _______、 _______、 ______________、 _______、 _______和 _______。
不定式用法
不能作谓语
主语
表语
宾语
定语
状语
宾语补足语
动词不定式作主语:
1. 一般位于句首，谓语动词用单数形式。
2. 常见用法：为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，常用it代替不定式作形式主语。结构为：It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式。
如：交朋友是对你来说个好办法。
___________________ is a good plan for you .
To make more friends
___ is a good plan for you ___________________.
It
to make more friends
如：你帮助我真是太好啦。
____ is very kind ____you ________ me.
3. 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。
of
to help
It
To learn English is very important for me.
主语
系
表语
动词不定式作宾语:
He decided to help the homeless.
主语
谓语
宾语
1. 动词不定式作宾语很多,这些动词通常用来_____________________________。
表明意图,强调态度,展示能力
如：有些学生讨厌学习英语。
Some students hate _________ English.
She expects _________ tomorrow.
她期待明天到达。
to study
to arrive
want to do
hope to do
continue to do
try to do
ask to do
begin to do
learn to do
decide to do
agree to do
choose to do
plan to do
would like to do
stop to do
love to do
seem to do
2. 常见的一些不带to的动词不定式：why not do...，why don’t you do...，had better(not) do...，would rather do，could/would/will you please(not) do...
如：你为什么不喜欢学习英语呢？
Why don't you _____ learning English
like
I think it necessary to have breakfast.
动词不定式作形式宾语:
主语
谓语
形式宾语
真正宾语
如：我认为对我们来说好好休息是有必要的
I think _____ necessary for us _________________.
在feel, find, make, think等动词后如果是不定式作宾语时，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，常用___作形式宾语，把不定式放到______________。
it
宾语补足语之后
那些孩子发现学英语很有趣。
Those kids find _____ interesting _______ English.
我觉得帮助父母做家务是我们的义务。
I feel _____ our duty ________ our parents ________________.
to learn
it
to have a good rest
it
to help
do the housework
it
动词不定式作宾语补足语:
1. 动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作。
I strongly advise everyone to learn from Mary!
主语
谓语
宾语
宾补
2. 不可以省略to的不定式作宾语补足语：tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage, advise等。
如：我叫他不要放弃。
妈妈想要我打扫房间。
医生建议我多吃蔬菜。
I told _________________.
Mom wants ___________________.
The doctor ______________more vegetables.
him not to give up
me to clean the room
advised me to eat
3. 【注意】要省略to的不定式作宾语补足语：使役动词和感官动词：
一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、还有一个半帮助help(可加to，可不加to）
如：老板让他们工作了一整夜。
The boss _____________ the whole night.
made them work
Could you ______________ the box
你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？
help me (to) carry
动词不定式作表语：
Mary’s dream is to send them as many books as possible.
主语
系
表语
如：他的愿望是当一名老师.
我的梦想是当一名科学家.
我的职责是照顾动物。
His wish is _____________.
My dream is ______________.
to be a teacher
to be a scientist
My duty is ______________________.
to look after the animals
不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作。常用于系动词be之后。
动词不定式作定语:
I have lots of things to do every day.
主语
谓语
宾语
定语
如：我有许多信要写。
I have many letters__________.
我没有时间去那里。
I don’t have time ___________.
to write
to go there
我们需要一个帮忙做这项工作的人。
We need someone ________with the work.
to help
(1)不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
(2)如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，介词不能省略。
如：没有什么可担心的。
There is nothing ____________.
to worry about
动词不定式作状语:
原因状语: 用在在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等形容词后。
I am happy to help them andI am proud to do that.
主语
系
表语
原因状语
原因状语
be happy to do
be proud to do
如：很遗憾地告诉你我不能去医院看望生病的孩子了。
I’m sorry ______ you that I can’t go to the hospital to visit the sick kids.
to tell
在这里见到你真使我高兴。
I’m glad ________ you here.
他听到坏消息很伤心。
He is sad ________ the bad news.
to meet
to hear
动词不定式作状语:
结果状语: 强调动词不定式所表示的结果。
He searched the room only to find nothing.
主语
谓语
宾语
结果状语
如：他醒来时才发现所有的人都走了。
He woke up only _______ everybody gone.
他年龄足够大了，可以去上学了。
He is old enough to ____________.
to find
to go to school
I am too tired __________ well.
我太累了而不能学习好
to study
too……to……
adj.+enough to……
目的状语: 强调动词不定式所表示的目的。
The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.
主语
谓语
宾语
目的状语
We need to come up with a plan _____ people about the city park clean-up.
如：我们需要想出一个计划，告诉人们城市公园的清理情况。
to tell
The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program __________.
这个女孩可以自愿参加课后学习项目，教孩子们。
to teach kids
You could give out food at the food bank _______ feed them.
你可以在食物银行分发食物来帮助他们。
to help
动词不定式作状语:
疑问词+不定式:
动词不定式前可与疑问词 [how/what/when/where/which/ whose(＋名词)] +动词不定式，意为“应该如何做／何时做／何地做／做哪些事……”。在句子里作主语，宾语，表语等，注意why后的不定式不带to。
如：我不知道接下来做什么.
I don't know __________ next.
去哪儿还没有决定。
__________ is not decide yet.
我们还没有决定去哪里午餐。
We haven’t decided __________ for lunch.
我想知道为什么去那里。
I want to know __________ there.
what to do
Where to go
where to go
why to go
Please circle the phrasal verbs.
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up. Mario believes it can help him to get his future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read. I’m making some signs to put up around the school.
短语动词
（Phrasal verbs）
短语动词
特别注意：“动词+副词”结构
该类短语动词有时相当于及物动词，有时相当于不及物动词。当用作及物动词且其后的宾语是名词时，宾语可放在副词前，也可放在副词后；若宾语是代词，则只能放在动词和副词之间。
如：当他离开时，他把灯关了。
He ________________ when he left.
他把它捡起来并递给了我。
He ___________ and gave it to me.
turned off the light
picked it up
常见的“动词+副词”结构
give up
clean up
find out
give away
hand out
cheer up
look up
pick up
put up
stay up
turn off
put off
清除；收拾干净
发现；查明
分发；赠送
分发
振奋起来
放弃
推迟
查找
拾起，捡起；开车接；学会
举起；张贴
熬夜
关闭
Part. 04
Practice
4a
Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.
put up
hand out
call up
cheer up
come up with give out
put off
1. I want to ______ my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year.
put off
2. She hopes to ______ at least five primary schools to ask if they need volunteers for their after-school programs.
call up
3. Our class is trying to ____________ some ideas to _______ sick children because they are often sad.
4. We decided to ______ signs around the school and ________ notices to tell students about the book sale. We will _______ the money from the sale to homeless people.
come up with
cheer up
put up
hand out
give out
4b
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
help move do make visit spend
Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs 1.________ lots of money. In their free time, they think about what 2. _______ for fun. However, few people think about what they can do 3. _______others.
to make
to do
to help
There are many people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way 4. ________ our free time. For example, we can make plans 5.______ sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year 6. _______ to another place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.
to spend
to visit
to move
be worried about 担心……
为……筹款
4c
Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives. (答案仅供参考不唯一）
1. I’d like to volunteer __________________________________________.
2. At 12:00 midnight, I called my friend ____________________________.
3. I’m very busy but I could help __________________________________.
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want___________________________.
5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me(not)_____________________.
to help kids with their homework
子夜；午夜
to play soccer together next day
(to) make the notice
to go camping with my friends
独自；单独
not to travel too far
Part. 05
summary
动词不定式
want, refuse, forget; need, try, learn; choose, agree, help; hope/wish/expect, decide, begin/start
形式：to+动词原形(to有时省略)，否定：not to+动词原形
没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语
概述
用法
作宾语
谓语动词用单数
ask, tell, want, teach, wish, help, warn, invite, encourage
作宾补
作目的状语
作定语
作表语
作主语
可放句首，一般用逗号隔开，也可放句尾
通常放在所修饰词之后
Summary
短语动词
类型及用法
相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词后
相当于及物动词，名词前可加形容词，宾语位于介词后
相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语(须位于介词后)
可看作及物动词，名词可位于之间或之后，代词只能位于中间
有的也可看作不及物动词
动词+介词
动词+副词
动词+副词+介词
动词+名词+介词
Summary
Part. 06
Language points
used to 曾经……；过去……
Point
1. They tole me stories about the past and how things used to be. (教材P10 2d)
used to 表示过去一度存在或经常发生，但现在已经不存在的动作或状态。其后接动词原形，且不与表示过去的时间状语连用。used to的否定形式是didn’t use to或used not to(usedn’t to)。
【拓展】 be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”，to 在此处为介词。
Mario is used to volunteering at an animal hospital now.
如：他曾经是一名教师。
He used to be a teacher.
他过去不戴眼镜。
He didn’t use to wear glasses. = He usedn’t to wear glasses.
如：马里奥现在习惯了在动物医院做志愿者。
lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的 alone adv. 独自；单独
Point
2. ①Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. (教材P10 2d)
② I want to travel alone. (教材P12 4c)
lonely 形容词 意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，指情感上的孤独，带有伤感的色彩。（①句中用法） 意为“荒凉的；偏僻的”，通常用于名词前作定语 alone 副词 意为“独自；单独”，相当于by oneself。（②句中用法） 强调没有同伴的客观情况，不含感彩。
形容词 意为“单独的；独自的”，常用作表语。 eg：The old man lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.
At a dark night, a man came to a lonely village.
The boy was very shy, and he was alone all the time.
care for 照顾；非常喜欢
Point
3. We should listen to them and care for them. (教材P10 2d)
care for在此处意为“照顾”，相当于look after 或take care of。look after
……well = take good care of……意为“好好照顾……”。
eg：The mother cared for the sick child day and night.
母亲日夜照顾生病的孩子。
care做动词时,意为“在意;担忧;关心”，其后可接从句。care about意为“关心;在意”，后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
eg：I don't care what they say. 我不管他们怎么说。
She doesn't really care about her clothes. 她其实并不在乎自己的衣服。
Everyone should care about environment. 每个人都应当关心我们的环境。
He only cares about money. 他只在乎钱。
put up “张贴；悬挂”
Point
4. I’m making some signs to put up around the school. (教材P12 Grammar Focus)
put up 在这里意为“张贴；悬挂”。
如：春节时，人们在门窗上贴上“福”。
At the Spring Festival, people put up “Fu” on doors or windows.
put up
建造；搭建
【拓展】 put up的其他常用含义：
提出(建议等)
举起
He went camping with us and taught us how to put up a tent.
Put up your hand if you know the answer.
I’d like to put up an idea for the task.
5. I’d like to help homeless people. (教材P12 Grammar Focus)
homeless“无家的,无家可归的”
Point
如：这些无家可归的人是悲惨的。
The homeless are pathetic.
这是把没用的小刀。刀把坏了。
This is a useless knife.The handle has broken.
homeless意为“无家的,无家可归的”,它是home加否定后缀-less构成的,-less常用来构成形容词,意思是“无……的,不能……的”。类似的词有:
use + less→useless(无用的) hope + less→hopeless(无望的)
care + less→careless(粗心的) help + less→helpless(无助的)
end + less→endless(没完没了的)
homeless“无家的,无家可归的”
Point
6. I’m too busy with my studies this year. (教材P12 4a)
be busy with sth.表示“忙于做某事”,with后要接名词性的词或短语。相当于be busy doing sth. (不可用to do sth.)。
eg：He is busy doing his homework.=He is busy with his homework.
他正忙于做作业。
【拓展】busy作形容词意为“忙的”,反义词为free。busy在打电话中是指“占线”。
eg：I’m sorry,sir;the line is busy. 对不起先生,电话占线。
4. we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. (教材P12 4b)
homeless“无家的,无家可归的”
Point
eg：They want to raise enough money to build a school.
他们想筹集足够的钱来建一所学校。
raise
举起，抬起
饲养
种植
Please raise your hands! 请举起手！
Their family raised a lot of corn. 他们家种了许多玉米。
She likes to raise a dog. 她喜欢养狗。
Part. 07
Exercises
一、单项选择
1. Our school has _____ a sign at the gate, saying “Greet your child with a smile, not a mobile.”
A. put up B. put off C. put on
2. It’s not good for you to smoke so much. You’d better _____.
A. give up it B. give them up C. give it up D. give up them
3. My cousin volunteers in the Children’s Home. His job is to____ food and clothes.
A. sell out B. work out C. hand out D. find out
4. —Will Bob help me look after my pet dog when I’m away
—Of course. He won’t _____ your request. He loves animals a lot.
A. put down B. write down C. turn down D. take down
5. John didn’t get the job he wanted. Let’s go and _____.
A. turn him down B. call him back C. cheer him up D. let him down
6. Mother asks me _____ Enlgish every morning.
A. read B. to read C. reading D. no read
7. Michael visits many websites _____ about Chinese culture.
A. learn B. learned C. to learn
8. —Please stay with me this weekend.
—I’m sorry, but my father and I planned _____ Beijing a long time ago.
A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited
9. —Julia, your mobile phone is ringing.
—Wait a minute. It’s dangerous _____ it while crossing the street.
A. answering B. answer C. to answer
二、根据汉语意思完成下列句子，每空一词。
1. 这位老人独自生活，但他从不感到孤独。
The old man lives _____ , but he never feels ______.
2. 许多青少年关心老人，他们经常在公共汽车上给老人让座。
Many teenagers _____ _____ the old and they often offer their seats to them on buses.
3. 我们已经制订一个计划来完成这项工作。
We have made a plan ______ _______ the work.
4. 学好英语不容易。
It is not easy _____ _______ English well.
5. 我有点儿事要和你谈一谈。
I have something _____ ______ with you.
care for
alone
lonely
to finish
to talk
to learn
三、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. —Are you going to read the bookJourney to the West？
—Yes. Our teacher expects us to read (read) such traditional Chinese books.
2. When it comes to my birthday， I would like to invite my friends to watch (watch) a movie.
3. Teenagers often listen to pop music to relax (relax).
4. It’s reported(报道)that China plans to send (send) astronauts to the moon before 2030.
5. The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree to sell (sell) it.
to read
to watch
to relax
to send
to sell
Part. 08
Homework
1.Review the use of "Phrasal verbs" and " Infinitives".
2.Make sentences with infinitives, no less than five.
3.Do the exercises in students’ book.
4.Preview the passage in 3a.
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