外研版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 1 A new start词汇解析讲义
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 1 A new start词汇解析讲义 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-02-28 10:44:38 | ||
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Unit 1
Point 1 senior
教材语境P1 Welcome to senior high!欢迎来到高中！
用法详解 （1）adj.级别（或地位）高的；年长的
I believe I will make new friends here, and there’s a lot to explore at senior high. 我相信我会在这里结交新朋友，而且在高中有很多能探索的东西。佳句背诵
To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. 为了享受数字支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。（江苏高考）
My brother Bob is two years senior to me. 我哥哥鲍勃比我大两岁。
He is also a teacher, but senior to me.他也是一名教师，但级别比我高。
（2）n.[C]较……年长的人；级别（或地位）较高者，上司
It is impolite for children to cut in when their seniors are talking.（It为形式主语，画线部分是真正的主语）孩子们在他们的长辈谈话时插嘴是不礼貌的。
Jenny is lively and hard-working, and has been praised by her seniors in the company.珍妮活泼、勤奋，得到了公司上司的表扬。
senior本身已含有比较意义，所以它没有比较级和最高级形式。此外，表示比较时其后用to而不用than。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
junior adj.地位（或职位、级别）低下的；青少年的n.[C]职位较低者；青少年
be junior to sb.比某人级别低
Point 2 curious
用法详解 （1）adj.好奇的，求知欲强的
People gathered around, curious to know what was happening.人们聚集起来，很想知道发生了什么事。
People have always been curious about exactly how life on earth began.人们一直好奇地球上的生命究竟是如何开始的。
（2）adj.稀奇古怪，不寻常
I heard a curious sound coming from the room.我听到房间里传来一种奇怪的声音。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
语境串记
Children are always curious about everything they see and hear. They will ask all kinds of questions out of curiosity. To meet their curiosity, we’d better answer them patiently.
孩子们总是对他们的所见所闻感到好奇。出于好奇，他们会问各种各样的问题。为了满足他们的好奇心，我们最好耐心地回答他们。
Point 3 impression
教材语境P1 What was your first impression of your new school 你对你新学校的第一印象是什么？
用法详解 impression n.[C,U]印象，感想
The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work where a good impression is a must.这本书对我的日常交流非常有帮助，尤其是工作中，好的印象非常必要。（江苏高考）佳句背诵
What was your first impression of Beijing 你对北京的第一印象是什么？
The new teacher left/made a good impression on the students.这位新教师给学生们留下了一个好印象。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
语境串记
Hangzhou is really an impressive place. The famous West Lake always leaves a deep impression on the visitors. I was deeply impressed by its beauty the first time I saw it.
杭州的确是一个令人印象深刻的地方。著名的西湖总是给游客留下深刻的印象。我第一次见到它时，就对它的美印象深刻。
Point 4 eagerness
教材语境 P2 I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness to get to know my new school.我早早醒来，带着想了解新学校的急切心情冲出家门。
用法详解 eagerness n.[U,sing.]热切，渴望
My eagerness to study in a famous university has been keeping me studying hard.我想上名牌大学的渴望一直使我努力学习。
In their eagerness to find a solution, they didn’t realize certain difficulties.他们急于寻找解决办法，却没有意识到某些困难。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
（1）eager adj.热切的，渴求的，渴望的
He was eager to make up the missed lessons after a week’s absence from school.缺课一周后，他急于把落下的课补上。
eagerly adv.热切地
Point 5 explore
教材语境P2 The campus was till quiet when I arrived, so I decided to explore a bit.我到学校时，校园里仍一片寂静，所以我决定探索一番。
用法详解 explore vt. & vi.探索，考察；vt.探讨
I’m going to make use of this tour to explore the history of the castle.我将利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。
Travelling is a good way to explore different cultures.旅行是一种探索不同文化的好方法。佳句背诵
The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.宇宙中其他行星上存在生命的可能性一直激励着科学家探索外太空。（天津高考）
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
exploration n.[C,U]探索；探测 explorer n.[C]探险者，勘探者，考察者
Point 6 wonder
教材语境P2 I’m wondering what life is going to be like here.我在想以后在这里的生活会是怎样的。
用法详解 （1）vt.&vi.想知道，想弄明白，琢磨；非常惊讶，感到诧异；vt.不知是否
I was just wondering about the best place for a holiday.我刚才正在考虑最佳的度假地。
Many people wonder at the beauty of the West Lake.很多人惊叹于西湖的美。
I wonder if you could give me some information about tourist spots in the area.我不知道你是否可以给我一些关于这个地区的旅游景点的信息。
（2）n.[U]惊异，惊奇；[C]奇迹，奇观，奇事，奇妙之处
Coral reefs are among the natural wonders of the world.珊瑚礁是世界上的自然奇观之一。
“What’s that ” Mary pointed at the statue and asked in wonder。玛丽指着那座雕塑，惊奇地问道：“那是什么？”
With all his attention focused on his study, it is no wonder that he has made great achievements.因为他专注于学习，所以他取得巨大的成就不足为奇。
语境串记
He was walking around the pyramid, wondering how on earth this wonder was built.他在金字塔周围徘徊，想知道这个奇观究竟是怎样建成的。
Point 7 breathe
教材语境 P3 With butterflies in my stomach, I breathed deeply.我感到极度紧张，做了一个深呼吸。
用法详解 breathe/bri: /vi.&vt.呼吸
If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain.如果你进行户外活动，你的身体会学会深呼吸，让更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。（全国I卷）
I opened the window to breathe in some fresh air.我打开窗户呼吸一睦新鲜空气。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
（1）breath/breθ/ （注意与breathe发音的区别）n.[U]呼吸的空气；[C]一次吸入的空气
If you take a deep breath, you can stay under the water for more than a minute.你如果深吸一口气，就能在水下待一分多钟。
We ran so fast that we were out of breath.我们跑得太快以致喘不过来气。
Snow-covered mountains have a view that takes your breath away.白雪覆盖的山脉景致令人惊叹。
（2）breathless/’breθl s/ adj.气喘吁吁的；（令人）屏息的
Point 8 panic
教材语境 P3 I looked at them in panic.我惊慌失措地看着他们。
用法详解 （1）n.[U,C,usually sing.]惊恐，恐慌
“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted in panic.“汤米，跑！快点儿！房子失火了！”妈妈惊慌地叫喊着。
She got into a real panic when she thought she had lost the tickets.
当她以为自己把票弄丢了的时候，她十分惊慌。
（2）vi.&vt.（使）惊慌
When he heard the terrible words, he panicked and ran away quickly.当他听到这些可怕的话时，他惊慌失措，迅速逃跑了。
Panic作动词时，其过去式和过去分词均为panicked，现在分词为panicking。
辨析比较
panic/fear
易混词 含义 例句
panic 意为“惊恐，恐慌”。指突然产生的强烈的害怕或紧张之感，使人无法理智地思考和行动。 She was in such a panic that she hardly knew what she was doing!她惊慌失措，几乎不知道自己在做什么！
fear 意为“害怕，恐惧”。指对危险、令人害怕的事物、可能发生的坏事等产生的畏惧情绪。 Fear of failure should not stop you trying.你不应该因为害怕失败而不再尝试。
Point 9 10 challenge, pressure
教材语境 P3 Challenges like this might sometimes put you under pressure.类似的挑战或许有时会让你们有压力。
9 challenge
用法详解 （1）n.[C]挑战
There will still be lots of challenges if we are to classify garbage in a short time.如果我们要在短时间内进行垃圾分类，还会有很多挑战。（2020·江苏）
When you face a challenge, you must believe you can overcome it and never give up.当你面临挑战的时候，你必须坚信你会克服它，而且决不放弃。
Taking on this challenge will bring you in contact with someone who shares your interests.接受这个挑战能够帮助你结识有共同兴趣的人。（2020·江苏）
Life is a challenge, and only those who meet the challenge truly know what it means.生命是一项挑战，只有那些迎接挑战的人才能真正体会其意义。佳句背诵
（2）vt.向……挑战；对……怀疑
常见搭配 challenge sb. to sth.向某人挑战某事
Nowadays no one will challenge the fact that the earth goes round the sun.现在没有人会对地球绕着太阳转这一事实表示怀疑。
Mary challenged me to another tennis game.玛丽向我挑战，要我跟她再打一场网球。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
challenger n.[C]挑战者 challenging adj.挑战性的
语境串记
There is a challenge from Class Two. They want to challenge us to a basketball game. Though it’s a bit challenging, we are ready to meet the challenge next week. 二班（向我们）发起了挑战。他们向我们挑战，想要我们跟他们打一场篮球赛。尽管这有点儿挑战性，我们仍然准备好了迎接下周的挑战。
10 pressure
用法详解 pressure n.[U]心理压力，紧张；催促，强迫；[C,U]压力，压强
Some people work better under pressure, so moderate pressure may be helpful.有些人在压力下工作得更好，所以适度的压力可能会有帮助。
Her health becomes poor under the pressure of work.工作的压力使她的身体变差了。
You should remember that even the best student can make mistakes sometimes. So don’t put too much pressure on yourself.你应该记住，即使最好的学生有时也会犯错误，所以不要给自己施加太大的压力。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
press vi.&vt.按，压（使启动）；挤，推，施加压力n.报刊；新闻界
The story was reported in the press and on television.这件事已在报刊和电视上报道了。
Point 11 depend on
教材语境 P3 But it all depends on what you do.不过一切都取决于你们如何做。
用法详解 depend on中的on可用upon替换，depend on的常见用法：
（1）取决于，由……决定
常见搭配depend on sth./从句 视……而定，取决于……
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.你需要多少睡眠很大程度上取决于你的年龄。（浙江高考）
（2）依靠，依赖；指望；需要
If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend on ourselves to do anything.如果父母为我们小孩做所有的事情，那么我们就不能依靠我们自己做任何事情。
Can I depend on it that this won’t take place again 我能相信这种事不会再发生吗？
归纳拓展 depend构成的其他搭配：
--What are you going to do this weekend 这个周末你打算干什么？
--It all depends. I may go to Shanghai with my friends.看情况而定。我可能会和我的朋友一起去上海。
Point 12 calm
教材语境 P3 Keep calm and be prepare.保持镇定，做好准备。
用法详解 （1）adj.镇静的，沉着的
常见搭配 keep/stay/remain calm保持镇静
He usually stays quite calm in meetings but this time he just lost his head.他在会议上通常很镇静，但这次他却惊慌失措。
（2）adj.（天气）无风的；（海洋）风平浪静的
The sky is blue, and the sea is calm.天空碧蓝，海上风平浪静。
（3）vt.&vi.（使）平静，（使）镇静
He took a deep breath to calm himself down.他深吸了一口气以使自己平静下来。
I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.我把雏鸟放进巢里，它很快就安静下来。（全国I卷）
辨析比较
calm/quiet/still/silent
易混词 区别
calm “平静的，镇静的”。指天气“无风的”；指海洋“风平浪静的”；指人的情绪镇静、平静。 He was calm when I told him the bad news.当我告诉他这个坏消息时，他很平静。
quiet “平静的，安静的”。指没有吵闹声或噪声。 We have to be quiet so as not to wake the baby up.我们必须安静点，以免吵醒那个婴儿。
still “静止的”。指人时侧重某人一动不动地保持一种姿势；指物时表示静止不动。 It is difficult for children to sit still for very long.孩子很难长时间坐着不动。
silent “沉默的，不说话的，无声的”。指人时强调沉默不语；指环境时表示不喧闹的，无声的。 Everyone was totally silent as the president spoke.当总统说话时，所有人都沉默不语。
语境串记
When facing danger, one should keep calm; when taken photos of, one should keep still; when someone else is sleeping, one should keep quiet ; when in class, one shouldn’t keep silent about the teacher’s questions.面对危险时要保持镇静；照相时要保持不动；他人睡觉时要保持安静；在课堂上不要对老师的提问沉默不语。
Point 13 confident
教材语境 P4 With the English teacher’s support, he thought senior high was easy and felt confident about his future.有了英语老师的支持，他认为高中生活很轻松，并且对自己的未来充满信心。
用法详解 （1）adj.自信的，有自信心的
常见搭配be confident about 对……有信心
Many students are not confident about themselves, so they are afraid of talking with foreigners.许多学生对自己没有信心，所以他们害怕和外国人交谈。
（2）adj.肯定的，确信的，有把握的
The team is confident of winning.这个队有把握取胜。
We are confident that the environment will be improved by our further efforts to reduce pollution.我们确信环境会在我们进一步减少污染的努力下得到改善。（辽宁高考）
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
（1）confidence n.[U]信心，自信
As parents, we should encourage our children to have confidence in themselves.作为家长，我们应当鼓励孩子们对自己有信心。
（2）confidently adv.自信地，大胆地
特别提醒
confident是形容词，其后常接about或of；confidence是名词，其后常接in。
我们对他完成这个任务的能力充满信心。
We have confidence in his ability to finish the task.
We are confident about his ability to finish the task.
全突破·句式剖析
Sentence 1
教材P2-3 ①I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me.我正看着布告栏上的照片时，身后忽然传来一个声音。
②I was organising my words in my head when the girl next to me gave me a nudge.我正在脑海里组织语言，这时我旁边的女孩用胳膊肘轻轻推了我一下。
句式剖析 ①②两句为“Sb. Was doing sth. when...”句型，其中when为并列连词，连接两个并列分句。
考点提炼 “Sb. was doing sth. when...”句型
（1）此句型表示“某人正在做某事，这时（突然）……”，句中when作并列连词，连接两个并列分句。
（2）when在此表示“这时/那时（突然）”，且when可与suddenly连用以加强语气，此时不能用while替换。
when连接两个并列分句时，后一分句常用一般过去时。
He was sleeping when there was a knock at the door.他正在睡觉，这时有人敲门。
I was thinking about the matter when I heard my name called.我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。
归纳拓展 when作并列连词时还常用于以下句型：
We were about to start when it began to rain.我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。
He was on the point of going out when his friend came.他正要出去，这时他的朋友来了。
I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang.我刚做完试卷，这时铃声响了。
Sentence 2
教材P2 When my English teacher stepped into the classroom, I was surprised to see the same man I had met earlier.当我的英语老师走进教室时，我惊奇地发现他就是我之前遇到的那个人。
句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下：
考点提炼 动词不定式（短语）作原因状语
动词不定式（短语）作原因状语时常位于表示情感、心理活动的形容词后，如surprised, glad, happy, foolish, sad, excited, lucky, pleased, disappointed, shocked, sorry等。
On arriving home, Jack was surprised to find his door open. 杰克一到家，就惊讶地发现他家的门敞开着。
I am very pleased to have an opportunity to introduce Chinese paintings to foreigners.我很高兴有机会向外国人介绍中国画。佳句背诵
Diana was shocked not to find the car where she had parked it the night before and phoned the police immediately.戴安娜在她前一天晚上停车的地方没有措施到车，感到很吃惊，于是立即报了警。
Sentence 3
教材P3 Although I was embarrassed, his words made me a lot more relaxed!虽然我很尴尬，但他的话让我放松了许多！
句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下：
考点提炼 although/though引导的让步状语从句
although意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，通常可以和though互换。Although/though不能与but连用，但可以与yet, still等连用。
Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。
他虽然年纪很大了，但身体很健壮。
【误】Although he is very old, but he is quite strong.
【正】Although he is very old, yet he is quite strong.
辨析比较
although/though
易混词 同 异 例句
although 均意为“虽然”，多用于引导让步状语从句。多位于句首。 though引导的从句可用倒装语序，此时，作表语的名词或形容词要提前，且单数可数名词前的冠词要省略。 Although/Though he was tired, he still kept on working.他尽管很累了，但仍然继续工作。 Young though he is, he is quite experienced.他虽然年轻，但很有经验。
though
Sentence 4
教材P4 He found the English class difficult and was not sure what to do. 他发现英语课很难，不知道该怎么办。
句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下：
考点提炼 “特殊疑问词/whether+不定式（短语）”结构
（1）常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词who, what（无选择范围），which（有选择范围）和疑问副词how, when, where。
（2）语法功能：作主语、宾语、表语等。
（3）作主语时谓语动词的数：一般用单数形式。
（4）注意：特殊疑问词与构成不定式的动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式表被动含义。
When to do the tests in the lab is necessary to check.何时在实验室里进行这些测试是有必要核实的。（作主语）
The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.成功闲聊的关键是学会如何与他人联系起来，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。（作宾语）（全国II卷）
This room is too small. The problem now is where to put this bookshelf.这间屋子太小了。现在的问题是该把这个书架放在哪儿。（作表语）
Point 1 debate
用法详解 （1）n.[C,U]讨论，辩论
The proposal under debate was put forward by the chairman.那个正在讨论中的提议是由主席提出来的。
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park.经过多年的激烈辩论，灰狼重新回到黄石国家公园。（全国III卷）
（2）vt.&vi.辩论，讨论
debate后不接that从句。
They debated for an hour on the advantages and disadvantages of the plan.他们花了一个小时讨论这个计划的利与弊。
He debated with our maths teacher about the solution to the problem.他和我们的数学老师讨论了这道题的解法。
The experts are debating how to solve the mystery of the Amber Room’s disappearance.专家们正在讨论如何解开琥珀屋消失之谜。
辨析比较
argue/debate
argue指提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服。
debate侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩。
Point 2 stage
用法详解 （1）n.[C]舞台；段，步，步骤；[sing.]戏剧，戏剧表演；（政治）舞台
She has shared a stage with many great actors.她曾经和许多优秀的演员同台演出过。
The last stage of the journey was the train north.这次旅行的最后一程是乘火车北行。
His parents didn’t want him to go on the stage. 他父母不想让他当演员。
We’re decorating the house in stages so it won’t be ready for another couple of months.我们在逐步装修房子，所以还得几个月才能就绪。
（2）n.[C]阶段，时期
当先行词stage表示事物的发展阶段或所处的状态且在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的关系词用where。类似的词还有situation, point, case, position等。
At this stage it’s impossible to know whether our plan will succeed.在这个阶段尚不能知道我们的计划能否成功。
The baby has reached the talking stage.这个婴儿已经到了说话的阶段。
（3）vt.上演，举行；组织，筹划
The local theatre group is staging a production of Hamlet.当地剧团在上演《哈姆雷特》。
Point 3 4 argue, sharp
教材语境P6 Argue about the week’s hottest topics with the school’s sharpest minds!与学校里头脑最敏锐的人辩论本周最热门的话题！
3 argue
用法详解 （1）vi.争论，争辩
常见搭配 argue with sb. About/ over sth.就某事与某人争论
They argued with each other about the best place for a holiday.他们就度假的最佳去处互相争论起来。
（2）vt.&vi.论证，说理，争辩
She argued that our attempt would be a waste of time.她认为我们的尝试将是浪费时间。
I argued for the plan while my elder sister argued against it.我赞成这个计划，而我的姐姐反对它。
We tried to argue him out of going on such a dangerous journey.我们努力说服他不要踏上如此危险的旅程。
语境串记
The workers argued with the boss for a few days, but failed to argue him into giving them a rise in wages because the boss argued against it.工人们和老板争辩了几天，却没能说服老板给他们加薪，因为老板反对这样做。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
argument n.[C,U]争吵，争论，辩论；[C]论据，论点，理由
Her argument for the trip is that it can broaden our horizons.她支持旅行的理由是它可以开阔我们的眼界。
4 sharp
用法详解
Challenging work might help your brain stay sharp as you age.随着年龄的增长，具有挑战性的工作可能会帮助你的大脑保持敏锐。 佳句背诵
Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.因此，生活在100万年前的人类，尽管他们有硕大的大脑和锋利的石器，却还是生活在对食肉动物的持续恐惧中。（江苏高考）
Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.移民传统更弱的意大利近年来见证了移民的急剧增加。（浙江高考）
I suddenly felt a sharp pain in my chest while I was at work.工作时我突然感到胸口一阵剧痛。
The boss can be very sharp with people when she’s busy.老板在她忙的时候对人会很严厉。
Please be here at seven o’clock sharp.请七点整到这里。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
语境串记
I sharpened the knife using a sharpener, and now it’s sharp enough to cut meat into pieces.我用磨具把这把刀磨锋利，现在它很锋利，能够把肉切成碎片。
Point 5 6 take part in, volunteer
教材语境 P7 In the UK and the US, senior high school students take part in various after-school activities, such as club activities and volunteer work.在英国和美国，高中生参加各种课外活动，如俱乐部活动和志愿者工作。
5 take part in
用法详解 take part in 为动词短语，意为“参加，参与”，多指参加群体性的活动、比赛等。使用时要注意：
（1）part前一般无任何冠词；但其前若有修饰语，则要加不定冠词，如take an active part in；
（2）take part后没有宾语时不用介词in。
You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor.在达特穆尔公园，你将能够参加包括乘独木舟和野营在内的一系列活动。（全国II卷）
The students in our school take an active part in various after-school activities.我们学校的学生积极参加各项课外活动。
We are going to have an English evening. Do you want to take part 我们打算举办一场英语晚会，你想参加吗？
辨析比较
attend/join/join in/take part in
易混词（语） 用法 典型语境
attend 指参加会议、典礼、仪式、招待会等，也可指上课、上学、听演讲等。强调参加者出席了某项活动，不一定在活动中发挥作用。 attend school/classes上学/上课 attend the meeting/conference参加会议 attend the speech/lecture听演讲/讲座 attend the graduation ceremony参加毕业典礼 attend her wedding参加她的婚礼
join 指加入某组织、团体或俱乐部等并成为其中的一员，也可指加入别人正在进行的动作或活动，可构成join sb. in doing sth.或join sb. for sth.结构。 join the army参军 join the sports team加入运动队 join the table tennis club加入乒乓球俱乐部 join us 加入我们
join in 可单独使用，其后也可跟表示活动的词语，常指参加某活动、游戏、聚会或讨论等。可构成join in sth./doing sth.和join in with sb./sth.结构。 join in the fun加入进来，玩得开心 join in the game加入游戏 join in a class discussion加入课堂讨论 join in with other children跟别的孩子一起玩
take part in 多指参加群体性的活动、比赛等，并在其中起一定的作用。 take part in an English singing competition参加英语歌唱比赛
6 volunteer
用法详解 （1）n.[C]志愿者，义务工作者，自愿参加者
Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.苏珊辞去了她的高薪工作，去年我去拜访她时，她正在社区做义工。（北京高考）
We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24.我们与各种年龄和背景的志愿者一起工作。绝大部分志愿者年龄在17到24岁。（北京高考）
（2）vi.&vt.自愿（做某事），自告奋勇（做某事）
According to the research, people feel good when they volunteer to do something meaningful for other people.根据这项研究，人们在自愿为他人做些有意义的事情时会感觉良好。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
（1）voluntary adj.自愿的，主动的，志愿的；无偿的，义务性的
do voluntary work做志愿性工作
（2）voluntarily adv.自愿地，主动地；无偿地
语境串记
As a volunteer, he often does voluntary work, and he thinks it’s his responsibility to volunteer to help those people in need.作为一名志愿者，他经常做志愿性工作，他认为自愿帮助那些需要帮助的人是他的责任。
Point 7 gain
教材语境 P7 These activities not only help them gain more skills, but also teach them to care about others.这些活动不仅帮助他们获得更多的技能，也教会他们关爱他人。
用法详解 （1）vt.获得，赢得；vt.&vi.（从……中）受益，得到（好处）
He has gained rich experience in teaching these years.这些年他已获得了丰富的教学经验。
My experience tells me that only when we respect others can we gain others’ respect.（倒装语序）我的经验告诉我，我们只有尊重别人才能赢得别人的尊重。
Who will gain from this decision 谁将从这一决定中受益呢？
（2）vt.增加，增长
Don’t gain speed; we’re not in a hurry.不要加速，我们不着急。
（3）n.[C,U]（尤指财富、重量的）增加；[C]好处，利益，改进；[U]利润，经济收益
Regular exercise helps us prevent weight gain.定期锻炼有助于我们防止体重增加。
These policies have resulted in great gains in public health.这些政策使公共卫生得到了很大改进。
It seems that he is not interested in personal gain.他似乎不在乎个人的收益。
熟词生义
gain作动词时还可意为“（钟表）走得太快，快”。
My watch gains five minutes a day.我的表一天快5分钟。
归纳拓展 关于gain的谚语：
No pains, no gains.不劳则无获。
A fall into a pit, a gain in one’s wit.吃一堑，长一智。
Point 8 apply
教材语境 P7 After-school activities also play a part when students apply to college.当学生申请大学时，课外活动也起（一定的）作用。
用法详解 （1）vi.申请
Before you travel to a foreign country, you should apply for a passport.在去外国旅游之前，你应该申请护照。
He applied to two universities and was accepted by both of them.他向两所大学提出申请，都被录取了。
I’ve applied to become a volunteer at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.我申请在北京2022年冬奥会上做一名志愿者。
（2）vt.应用，使用；努力学习，勤奋工作
Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write.后来我决定把我先前的经验应用到学习如何读和写上。（天津高考）佳句背诵
The new technology has been applied to farming, which helps increase agricultural production.这项新技术已被应用于农业，有助于提高农业生产。
Over the next months, he applied himself to improving the technique.在接下来的几个月里，他专心致志地改进这项技术。
（3）vi.适用
常见搭配 apple to...适用于……
The discount no longer applies to him because he’s over eighteen.他不再享受打折待遇，因为他已超过了18岁。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
（1）application n.[U,C]申请，申请书；应用
（2）applicant n.[C]申请人
语境串记
The applicants must hand in their applications first if they want to apply for the job.申请人如果想申请这份工作，就必须先上交他们的申请书。
Point 9 10 take up, schedule
教材语境P7 However, they can take up a lot of time, so students have to learn to organise their busy schedules.然而，它们会占用很多时间，所以学生必须学会安排他们忙碌的日程表。
9 take up
用法详解
短语 含义 典型语境
take up 占用（时间）； 占据（空间） take up the entire day占用一整天的时间 take up too much room/space太占地方
学着做，开始做 take up art lessons开始上美术课
开始从事 take up one’s duties开始履行某人的职责
继续，接着讲 take up the point you raised earlier继续讲你早些时候提出的观点
接受 take up a challenge接受挑战
语境串记
Since Jack took up the work as an editor, he has taken up editing articles, which takes up most of his time.自从杰克开始做编辑工作以来，他便开始编辑文章，这占用了他大部分时间。
10 schedule
用法详解 （1）n.[C,U]日程安排，工作计划
Everything went according to schedule.一切按照日程安排进行。
The building was completed three months ahead of schedule.这幢大楼提前三个月完工了。
We finished the task on schedule while they did behind schedule.我们按时完成了任务而他们没有按时完成。
（2）vt.安排，预定
The meeting has been scheduled for tomorrow afternoon.会议已安排在明天下午。
The professor is scheduled to arrive in Shanghai at 10 o’clock.那位教授预计在10点钟抵达上海。
全突破·句式剖析
Sentence
教材P7 These activities not only help them gain more skills, but also teach them to care about others.这些活动不仅帮助他们获得更多的技能，也教会他们关爱他人。
句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下：
考点提炼 “not only...but (also)...”结构
该结构意为“不但……而且……”，其中also可以省略。“not only...but (also)...”通常连接两个完全对等的语法结构，如名词、代词或短语等，还可连接两个分句。
There, he not only did well as a student but also became an accomplished public speaker.在那里，他不仅是一名优秀的学生，而且成了一名出色的演说家。（2020·江苏）（连接两个谓语部分）
I loved talking about the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own children.我不仅喜欢和我的学生谈论这个虚构的盒子，也喜欢和我自己的孩子说。（2020·海南）（连接两个介词短语）
She likes not only music but also sports.她不仅喜欢音乐而且喜欢体育运动。（连接两个宾语）
特别提醒
（1）“not only A but (also) B”作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数遵循“就近原则”，即与B保持一致。有类似用法的结构还有“not...but...”“either...or...”“neither...nor...”等。
Not only the child but also his parents like this movie.不仅这个孩子喜欢这部电影，他的父母也喜欢。
Not you but your younger brother is to blame.该受责备的不是你而是你的弟弟。
（2）“not only...but (also)...”连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，not only所在的分句要用部分倒装结构（即将谓语的一部分，如助动词、情态动词、连系动词be移到主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面）。
Not only does it build ourselves up but it also enriches our school life.它不仅增强了我们的体质，而且丰富了我们的学校生活。
Point 1 award
教材语境P8 win an award 获奖
用法详解
单词 含义 常见搭配
award n.[C]奖，奖赏 win/get/receive an award (for sth.)（因某事）赢得/获得/得到奖项 an award presentation/ceremony颁奖；颁奖仪式 present sb. with an award给某人颁奖
vt.授予，给予奖励，判给 award sb. sth. 授予/奖励某人某物；把某物判给某人 award sth. to sb.
辨析比较
award/reward/prize
易混词 区别
award 多指因某人所做的事、取得的成就或突出的成绩，经过认真考虑而为其颁发的奖品或奖金等。 His movie won several awards at the film festival.他的电影在电影节上赢得了几个奖项。
reward 多指对某人的帮助、努力或做的好事等的报酬或奖赏，可以是多钱，也可以是物品或精神奖励。 He got a reward for helping them.他因帮助他们而得到了奖励。
prize 多指在竞赛、比赛中赢得的奖。 The prize for the winner of the competition is a two-week holiday in Paris.竞赛获胜者的奖品是到巴黎度假两周。（浙江高考）
Point 2 view
教材语境P9 1,231 views 1 231次观看
用法详解 （1）n.[C]（一次）观看
His post on the Internet received thousands of views.他发布在因特网上的帖子得到了成千上万的浏览。
（2）n.[C]景色，风景；[U,sing.]观看，视野，视域，视线
While climbing the mountain, we enjoyed the beautiful view.爬山时，我们欣赏着美丽的风景。
The plane soon went out of view.那架飞机很快从视野中消失了。
The lake came into view as we turned the corner.我们转过弯就看见了那个湖。
Stand on the top of the building, and you will have a good view of the city.站在这座楼的楼顶，你会看清这个城市。
（3）n.[C]（个人的）看法，意见，见解，态度
In my view, being admitted to a good university is my dream and I hope I can be a person who makes contributions to my country.在我看来，进入一所好的大学是我的梦想，我希望我能成为一个为我的国家做出贡献的人。
When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.当被问及他对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得它很有趣，也很值得做。（安徽高考）
In view of the weather, the event will be held indoors.考虑到天气状况，这项比赛将在室内进行。
（4）vt.观看；查看；以……看待，把……视为
常见搭配 view sb./sth. as...把某人/某事物视为……（其被动形式为sb./sth. be viewed as ...某人/某事物被视为……）
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C.加入有导游的自行车之旅，参观华盛顿特区的一些最受欢迎的纪念碑。（全国I卷）
English is viewed as a tool of international communication.英语被视为国际交流的工具。
Point 3 graduate
教材语境P9 Lisa graduated from our school last June and is about to go to college in New York.莉萨今年六月份从我校毕业，即将去纽约上大学。
用法详解
单词 含义 常见搭配
graduate vi.获得学位（尤指学士），大学毕业 graduate from毕业于……学校 graduate in毕业于……专业 graduate in physics from Cambridge University毕业于剑桥大学物理学专业
n.[C]大学毕业生；毕业生 university graduates大学毕业生 a graduate of Peking University北京大学毕业生
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
（1）graduation n.[U]毕业；[U,C]毕业典礼 after graduation毕业后
（2）undergraduate n.[C]本科生 postgraduate n.[C]研究生
语境串记
Lily was a graduate who graduated from Beijing Normal University and graduated in English. After graduation, she became an English teacher.莉莉是一名毕业于北京师范大学英语专业的学生。毕业后，她成了一名英语老师。
Point 4 5 frightened, sight
教材语境P9 I was frightened at the sight of the test paper.一看到试卷我就很害怕。
4 frightened
用法详解 frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的
When you got lost in the forest, you must have been very frightened.当你在森林里迷路时，你一定很害怕。
Don’t be frightened of going ahead, for there is always something special waiting for us.不要害怕往前走，总有一些特别的东西在等着我们。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
（1）fright n.[U]惊吓，恐怖 with fright/in fright惊恐地（常作状语）
（2）frighten vt.&vi.使惊吓，使惊恐
frighten...away把……吓走
frighten sb. into/out of doing sth.把某人吓得做/不做某事
（3）frightening adj.骇人的，使惊恐的，引起恐惧的（多用来形容事物）
语境串记
It was a very frightening experience and upon mentioning it, they still feel frightened now.那是一次非常可怕的经历，而且现在一提起那次经历，他们仍感到害怕。
特别提醒
frightened, shocked, surprised等由过去分词转化而来的形容词多用于说明人自身的感受，还可用于修饰voice, expression等词。frightening, shocking, surprising等由现在分词转化而来的形容词多用于修饰事物。
The news was frightening and they were all frightened. 那条消息令人恐惧，他们都很害怕。
5 sight
用法详解 （1）n.[U]看见；[C]看见（或看得见）的事物，景象，情景
The child laughed at the sight of the new toy.一看到新玩具，这个孩子就笑了。
We fell in love with the cottage at first sight. 我们一见到那个小屋就爱上它了。
I caught sight of my former teacher while I was out shopping today, but she turned the corner and I lost sight of her.今天我在外面购物时看到了以前的老师，但她在街角一拐弯，我就看不见她了。
（2）n.[U]视力；视力范围，视野
As the plane came down through the clouds, green fields and white houses came into sight.当飞机穿过云层下降时，绿色的田野和白色的房屋映入了眼帘。
When he lost his sight, his wife suggested that he should apply for a guide dog.他失明后，他的妻子建议他申请一只导盲犬。
I glanced around quickly. There was no one in sight.我迅速向四周扫了一眼，一个人也没看见。
Out of sight, out of mind.[谚]眼不见，心不想。
（3）n.[pl.]风景，名胜
We’re going to Nanjing for the weekend to see the sights.我们打算去南京过周末，参观那里的名胜。
Point 6 figure
教材语境P9 But then I figured I’d better just go all out and see what happens.不过接着我就觉得，我最好还是全力以赴考考看。
用法详解 （1）vt.（经过考虑后）认为，以为；计算
常见搭配 figure out弄清楚，弄明白；计算（数量或成本）
She figures (that) both she and Neil have learned a lot from the experience.她觉得自己和尼尔都从这次经历中学到了很多。
If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out.如果你不明白什么，你可以研究，学习，和其他人交流，直到你把它弄明白。（北京高考）
It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied.由于对北极熊（活动）范围的研究甚少，因此很难弄清楚全球范围内的北极熊数量。（全国I卷）
（2）n.[C]人物；（绘画或故事中的）人，动物；塑像，雕像
He is a leading figure in the music industry.他是音乐界的一位主要人物。
The central figure in the painting is the artist’s daughter.这幅画中间的那个人是画家的女儿。
We saw a bronze figure of a horse there.我们在那儿看到了一座马的铜像。
（3）n.[C,usually, pl.]数字；[C]图，表
常见搭配 sales figures销售数字
Though the sales figures of the new product are relatively small, the potential market is very large.尽管这款新产品的销售数字相对较小，但是潜在市场巨大。
The figure on page 18 shows the major wheat-producing areas.18页的图表显示了主要的小麦产区。
（4）n.[C]身材；人影
Though in her forties, she still has a good figure.尽管她四十几岁了，但身材仍然很好。
I saw a tall figure in black just now.我刚看到一个黑衣高个子人影。
Point 7 select
教材语境P9 As a member of the school volleyball team, I wasn’t selected for the end-of-year competition.作为校排球队的成员，我未能入选年终赛。
用法说解 select vt.挑选，选择
Students should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do.学生应该和他们的父母或看护人一起阅读这份清单，并选择他们想做的两项活动。（全国II卷）
The students who are selected from the whole class are expected to bring us honour in the school sports meeting.从全班挑选出来的学生被期望在校运动会上为我们带来荣誉。
We selected him to take part in the English contest.我们选他去参加那场英语比赛。
We selected Tom as team leader because he was capable and responsible.我们选汤姆当队长，因为他有能力且负责。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
辨析比较
choose/select/pick
三者均含选择、挑选人或物之义，区别如下：
单词 用法区别
choose 是三者中最通用的词，也是唯一可以不带宾语的词。
select 表示仔细挑选。
pick 较非正式，常指随意挑选，尤用于所作选择不甚重要的事情。
Point 8 particular
教材语境P9 Is there anything else in particular that you’d like to share with us 你还有什么特别想要与我们分享的事情吗？
用法详解 particular adj.特定的，特指的；讲究的，挑剔的
The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters, more so than the familiar near side.月球背面让科学家们尤其感兴趣，因为它比熟悉的正面有更多的深月坑。（2020·全国I卷）
Peter was lying on the sofa doing nothing in particular.彼得躺在沙发上，无所事事。
He loves novels very much, science fiction in particular.他非常喜欢小说，尤其是科幻小说。
She’s very particular about what she wears.她对穿着很讲究。
I like all the four seasons, particularly spring. = I like all the four seasons, spring in particular.四个季节我都喜欢，尤其喜欢春季。
语境串记
Betty is very particular about food. However, she likes the food cooked by her grandma in particular. Actually her grandma is particularly good at cooking. 贝蒂对食物很挑剔。然而，她特别喜欢吃她奶奶做的食物。实际上她的奶奶特别擅长做饭。
Point 9 struggle
教材语境 P11 The teacher found I was struggling with note-taking and told me to stop and just listen.老师发现我在艰难地记笔记，就叫我停下来只专心听讲。
用法详解 （1）vi.奋斗，努力；斗争；争夺；挣扎脱身
Fish will struggle for survival when the water level drops in the lake.湖水水位下降时，鱼会拼命挣扎求生。
My father struggled to support a large family on a very low income several years ago.几年前，我的父亲靠着微薄的收入艰难地供养一个大家庭。
He struggled against cancer for ten years.他同癌症抗争了十年。
Bravely, the old fisherman struggled to his feet and fought against the wind and rain beating against him.这位老渔夫挣扎着站了起来，迎着风吹雨打勇敢地作斗争。
（2）n.[sing.]难事，[C]斗争，努力
It was a real struggle to complete this task before the weekend.周末前完成这项任务绝非易事。
She will not give up her dream without a struggle.她不会轻易放弃自己的梦想。
语境串记
We struggle for success all our life; however, it is a struggle to make every day meaningful. The thought of giving up haunts us when we fail again and again, but the desire for flowers and applause tells us to struggle to our feet when we fall over before trouble.我们一生都在为成功而奋斗，然而，让每天都有意义并非易事。当我们一次又一次地失败时，放弃的想法萦绕在我们心头。但对鲜花和掌声的渴望告诉我们，当我们在困难面前跌倒时，要挣扎着站起来（继续奋斗）。
Point 10 exchange
教材语境P12 exchange ideas交流思想
用法详解 （1）vt.交换，交流；交易，兑换
Readings create a perfect atmosphere where people can chat and exchange ideas.读书会创造了非常好的氛围，人们可以聊天并交流思想。
Everyone in the group exchanged phone numbers.所有的组员都交换了电话号码。
You can exchange pounds for dollars here.你可以在这里把英镑兑换成美元。
（2）n.[C,U]交换，交流
When I was a middle school student I came to China as an exchange student.当我是一个中学生的时候，我作为交换生来到了中国。
Mary is teaching me English in exchange for my teaching her Chinese.我教玛丽汉语，作为交换，她教我英语。
I’ll type your report if you’ll babysit in exchange.如果你愿意代我照看孩子，我就把这个报告给你打出来。
巧学妙记 图形助记exchange的多种含义：
Sentence 1
教材P9 I feel as if high school was only yesterday! 我感觉高中（生活）仿佛就在昨天！
句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下：
考点提炼 as if引导从句的用法
含义 用法 例句
似乎，好像 引导表语从句，常置于系动词look, seem, feel, sound等之后 When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.当脂肪和盐从食物中去除后，食物尝起来好像少了什么东西。（全国I卷）
引导方式状语从句 They looks at me as if I came from another planet.他们看着我，就好像我来自别的星球似的。
特别提醒
as if 引导的从句一般用虚拟语气（注：表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况，动词是be时，一般用were），但如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大，则用陈述语气。
She looks as if were ten years younger.她看起来好像年轻了10岁。（虚拟语气）
There are a lot of dark clouds in the sky. It seems as if it’s going to rain.天上有很多乌云，看起来好像要下雨。（陈述语气）
Sentence 2
教材P9 You must have had some moments when you were disappointed.你一定有过沮丧的时刻。
句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下：
考点提炼 must have done的用法
must have done表示对过去所发生事情的肯定推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”，仅用于肯定句中。
You must have read widely and put a lot of work into your term paper.你一定广泛阅读了，在你的学期论文上花了很多工夫。
Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He must have practised many times last week.保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上周一定练习了很多次。
归纳拓展 must 表示推测时常用于以下结构：
Sentence 3
教材P9 If so, how did you deal with them 在这种情况下，你是如何应对的呢？
考点提炼 if 型省略结构
在if引导的条件状语从句中，有时可以省略从句的主语和be动词，在这类省略结构中有的已形成固定结构，这类结构常见的有：
if+so/not: if so如果是这样，在这种情况下；if not不然，否则
if+形容词：if necessary如果有必要；if possible如果有可能
if+代词：if any 若有的话
if ever：如果有过/发生过
If the steps you take are working, keep it up. If not, take another look at other methods you could try.如果你采取的措施是有效的，那就坚持下去。如果没有，看看其他你可以尝试的方法。（全国III卷）
If possible, try to go to bed and get up at a fixed time every day.如果可能的话，尝试每天都在固定的时间睡觉和起床。
The climate here is quite pleasant. The temperature rarely, if ever, reaches 30℃ in summer.这里的气候相当舒适。气温在夏季即使有也很少达到30摄氏度。
(
1
)
Point 1 senior
教材语境P1 Welcome to senior high!欢迎来到高中！
用法详解 （1）adj.级别（或地位）高的；年长的
I believe I will make new friends here, and there’s a lot to explore at senior high. 我相信我会在这里结交新朋友，而且在高中有很多能探索的东西。佳句背诵
To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. 为了享受数字支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。（江苏高考）
My brother Bob is two years senior to me. 我哥哥鲍勃比我大两岁。
He is also a teacher, but senior to me.他也是一名教师，但级别比我高。
（2）n.[C]较……年长的人；级别（或地位）较高者，上司
It is impolite for children to cut in when their seniors are talking.（It为形式主语，画线部分是真正的主语）孩子们在他们的长辈谈话时插嘴是不礼貌的。
Jenny is lively and hard-working, and has been praised by her seniors in the company.珍妮活泼、勤奋，得到了公司上司的表扬。
senior本身已含有比较意义，所以它没有比较级和最高级形式。此外，表示比较时其后用to而不用than。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
junior adj.地位（或职位、级别）低下的；青少年的n.[C]职位较低者；青少年
be junior to sb.比某人级别低
Point 2 curious
用法详解 （1）adj.好奇的，求知欲强的
People gathered around, curious to know what was happening.人们聚集起来，很想知道发生了什么事。
People have always been curious about exactly how life on earth began.人们一直好奇地球上的生命究竟是如何开始的。
（2）adj.稀奇古怪，不寻常
I heard a curious sound coming from the room.我听到房间里传来一种奇怪的声音。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
语境串记
Children are always curious about everything they see and hear. They will ask all kinds of questions out of curiosity. To meet their curiosity, we’d better answer them patiently.
孩子们总是对他们的所见所闻感到好奇。出于好奇，他们会问各种各样的问题。为了满足他们的好奇心，我们最好耐心地回答他们。
Point 3 impression
教材语境P1 What was your first impression of your new school 你对你新学校的第一印象是什么？
用法详解 impression n.[C,U]印象，感想
The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work where a good impression is a must.这本书对我的日常交流非常有帮助，尤其是工作中，好的印象非常必要。（江苏高考）佳句背诵
What was your first impression of Beijing 你对北京的第一印象是什么？
The new teacher left/made a good impression on the students.这位新教师给学生们留下了一个好印象。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
语境串记
Hangzhou is really an impressive place. The famous West Lake always leaves a deep impression on the visitors. I was deeply impressed by its beauty the first time I saw it.
杭州的确是一个令人印象深刻的地方。著名的西湖总是给游客留下深刻的印象。我第一次见到它时，就对它的美印象深刻。
Point 4 eagerness
教材语境 P2 I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness to get to know my new school.我早早醒来，带着想了解新学校的急切心情冲出家门。
用法详解 eagerness n.[U,sing.]热切，渴望
My eagerness to study in a famous university has been keeping me studying hard.我想上名牌大学的渴望一直使我努力学习。
In their eagerness to find a solution, they didn’t realize certain difficulties.他们急于寻找解决办法，却没有意识到某些困难。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
（1）eager adj.热切的，渴求的，渴望的
He was eager to make up the missed lessons after a week’s absence from school.缺课一周后，他急于把落下的课补上。
eagerly adv.热切地
Point 5 explore
教材语境P2 The campus was till quiet when I arrived, so I decided to explore a bit.我到学校时，校园里仍一片寂静，所以我决定探索一番。
用法详解 explore vt. & vi.探索，考察；vt.探讨
I’m going to make use of this tour to explore the history of the castle.我将利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。
Travelling is a good way to explore different cultures.旅行是一种探索不同文化的好方法。佳句背诵
The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.宇宙中其他行星上存在生命的可能性一直激励着科学家探索外太空。（天津高考）
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
exploration n.[C,U]探索；探测 explorer n.[C]探险者，勘探者，考察者
Point 6 wonder
教材语境P2 I’m wondering what life is going to be like here.我在想以后在这里的生活会是怎样的。
用法详解 （1）vt.&vi.想知道，想弄明白，琢磨；非常惊讶，感到诧异；vt.不知是否
I was just wondering about the best place for a holiday.我刚才正在考虑最佳的度假地。
Many people wonder at the beauty of the West Lake.很多人惊叹于西湖的美。
I wonder if you could give me some information about tourist spots in the area.我不知道你是否可以给我一些关于这个地区的旅游景点的信息。
（2）n.[U]惊异，惊奇；[C]奇迹，奇观，奇事，奇妙之处
Coral reefs are among the natural wonders of the world.珊瑚礁是世界上的自然奇观之一。
“What’s that ” Mary pointed at the statue and asked in wonder。玛丽指着那座雕塑，惊奇地问道：“那是什么？”
With all his attention focused on his study, it is no wonder that he has made great achievements.因为他专注于学习，所以他取得巨大的成就不足为奇。
语境串记
He was walking around the pyramid, wondering how on earth this wonder was built.他在金字塔周围徘徊，想知道这个奇观究竟是怎样建成的。
Point 7 breathe
教材语境 P3 With butterflies in my stomach, I breathed deeply.我感到极度紧张，做了一个深呼吸。
用法详解 breathe/bri: /vi.&vt.呼吸
If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain.如果你进行户外活动，你的身体会学会深呼吸，让更多的氧气进入你的肌肉和大脑。（全国I卷）
I opened the window to breathe in some fresh air.我打开窗户呼吸一睦新鲜空气。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
（1）breath/breθ/ （注意与breathe发音的区别）n.[U]呼吸的空气；[C]一次吸入的空气
If you take a deep breath, you can stay under the water for more than a minute.你如果深吸一口气，就能在水下待一分多钟。
We ran so fast that we were out of breath.我们跑得太快以致喘不过来气。
Snow-covered mountains have a view that takes your breath away.白雪覆盖的山脉景致令人惊叹。
（2）breathless/’breθl s/ adj.气喘吁吁的；（令人）屏息的
Point 8 panic
教材语境 P3 I looked at them in panic.我惊慌失措地看着他们。
用法详解 （1）n.[U,C,usually sing.]惊恐，恐慌
“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted in panic.“汤米，跑！快点儿！房子失火了！”妈妈惊慌地叫喊着。
She got into a real panic when she thought she had lost the tickets.
当她以为自己把票弄丢了的时候，她十分惊慌。
（2）vi.&vt.（使）惊慌
When he heard the terrible words, he panicked and ran away quickly.当他听到这些可怕的话时，他惊慌失措，迅速逃跑了。
Panic作动词时，其过去式和过去分词均为panicked，现在分词为panicking。
辨析比较
panic/fear
易混词 含义 例句
panic 意为“惊恐，恐慌”。指突然产生的强烈的害怕或紧张之感，使人无法理智地思考和行动。 She was in such a panic that she hardly knew what she was doing!她惊慌失措，几乎不知道自己在做什么！
fear 意为“害怕，恐惧”。指对危险、令人害怕的事物、可能发生的坏事等产生的畏惧情绪。 Fear of failure should not stop you trying.你不应该因为害怕失败而不再尝试。
Point 9 10 challenge, pressure
教材语境 P3 Challenges like this might sometimes put you under pressure.类似的挑战或许有时会让你们有压力。
9 challenge
用法详解 （1）n.[C]挑战
There will still be lots of challenges if we are to classify garbage in a short time.如果我们要在短时间内进行垃圾分类，还会有很多挑战。（2020·江苏）
When you face a challenge, you must believe you can overcome it and never give up.当你面临挑战的时候，你必须坚信你会克服它，而且决不放弃。
Taking on this challenge will bring you in contact with someone who shares your interests.接受这个挑战能够帮助你结识有共同兴趣的人。（2020·江苏）
Life is a challenge, and only those who meet the challenge truly know what it means.生命是一项挑战，只有那些迎接挑战的人才能真正体会其意义。佳句背诵
（2）vt.向……挑战；对……怀疑
常见搭配 challenge sb. to sth.向某人挑战某事
Nowadays no one will challenge the fact that the earth goes round the sun.现在没有人会对地球绕着太阳转这一事实表示怀疑。
Mary challenged me to another tennis game.玛丽向我挑战，要我跟她再打一场网球。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
challenger n.[C]挑战者 challenging adj.挑战性的
语境串记
There is a challenge from Class Two. They want to challenge us to a basketball game. Though it’s a bit challenging, we are ready to meet the challenge next week. 二班（向我们）发起了挑战。他们向我们挑战，想要我们跟他们打一场篮球赛。尽管这有点儿挑战性，我们仍然准备好了迎接下周的挑战。
10 pressure
用法详解 pressure n.[U]心理压力，紧张；催促，强迫；[C,U]压力，压强
Some people work better under pressure, so moderate pressure may be helpful.有些人在压力下工作得更好，所以适度的压力可能会有帮助。
Her health becomes poor under the pressure of work.工作的压力使她的身体变差了。
You should remember that even the best student can make mistakes sometimes. So don’t put too much pressure on yourself.你应该记住，即使最好的学生有时也会犯错误，所以不要给自己施加太大的压力。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
press vi.&vt.按，压（使启动）；挤，推，施加压力n.报刊；新闻界
The story was reported in the press and on television.这件事已在报刊和电视上报道了。
Point 11 depend on
教材语境 P3 But it all depends on what you do.不过一切都取决于你们如何做。
用法详解 depend on中的on可用upon替换，depend on的常见用法：
（1）取决于，由……决定
常见搭配depend on sth./从句 视……而定，取决于……
How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.你需要多少睡眠很大程度上取决于你的年龄。（浙江高考）
（2）依靠，依赖；指望；需要
If our parents do everything for us children, we won’t learn to depend on ourselves to do anything.如果父母为我们小孩做所有的事情，那么我们就不能依靠我们自己做任何事情。
Can I depend on it that this won’t take place again 我能相信这种事不会再发生吗？
归纳拓展 depend构成的其他搭配：
--What are you going to do this weekend 这个周末你打算干什么？
--It all depends. I may go to Shanghai with my friends.看情况而定。我可能会和我的朋友一起去上海。
Point 12 calm
教材语境 P3 Keep calm and be prepare.保持镇定，做好准备。
用法详解 （1）adj.镇静的，沉着的
常见搭配 keep/stay/remain calm保持镇静
He usually stays quite calm in meetings but this time he just lost his head.他在会议上通常很镇静，但这次他却惊慌失措。
（2）adj.（天气）无风的；（海洋）风平浪静的
The sky is blue, and the sea is calm.天空碧蓝，海上风平浪静。
（3）vt.&vi.（使）平静，（使）镇静
He took a deep breath to calm himself down.他深吸了一口气以使自己平静下来。
I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.我把雏鸟放进巢里，它很快就安静下来。（全国I卷）
辨析比较
calm/quiet/still/silent
易混词 区别
calm “平静的，镇静的”。指天气“无风的”；指海洋“风平浪静的”；指人的情绪镇静、平静。 He was calm when I told him the bad news.当我告诉他这个坏消息时，他很平静。
quiet “平静的，安静的”。指没有吵闹声或噪声。 We have to be quiet so as not to wake the baby up.我们必须安静点，以免吵醒那个婴儿。
still “静止的”。指人时侧重某人一动不动地保持一种姿势；指物时表示静止不动。 It is difficult for children to sit still for very long.孩子很难长时间坐着不动。
silent “沉默的，不说话的，无声的”。指人时强调沉默不语；指环境时表示不喧闹的，无声的。 Everyone was totally silent as the president spoke.当总统说话时，所有人都沉默不语。
语境串记
When facing danger, one should keep calm; when taken photos of, one should keep still; when someone else is sleeping, one should keep quiet ; when in class, one shouldn’t keep silent about the teacher’s questions.面对危险时要保持镇静；照相时要保持不动；他人睡觉时要保持安静；在课堂上不要对老师的提问沉默不语。
Point 13 confident
教材语境 P4 With the English teacher’s support, he thought senior high was easy and felt confident about his future.有了英语老师的支持，他认为高中生活很轻松，并且对自己的未来充满信心。
用法详解 （1）adj.自信的，有自信心的
常见搭配be confident about 对……有信心
Many students are not confident about themselves, so they are afraid of talking with foreigners.许多学生对自己没有信心，所以他们害怕和外国人交谈。
（2）adj.肯定的，确信的，有把握的
The team is confident of winning.这个队有把握取胜。
We are confident that the environment will be improved by our further efforts to reduce pollution.我们确信环境会在我们进一步减少污染的努力下得到改善。（辽宁高考）
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
（1）confidence n.[U]信心，自信
As parents, we should encourage our children to have confidence in themselves.作为家长，我们应当鼓励孩子们对自己有信心。
（2）confidently adv.自信地，大胆地
特别提醒
confident是形容词，其后常接about或of；confidence是名词，其后常接in。
我们对他完成这个任务的能力充满信心。
We have confidence in his ability to finish the task.
We are confident about his ability to finish the task.
全突破·句式剖析
Sentence 1
教材P2-3 ①I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me.我正看着布告栏上的照片时，身后忽然传来一个声音。
②I was organising my words in my head when the girl next to me gave me a nudge.我正在脑海里组织语言，这时我旁边的女孩用胳膊肘轻轻推了我一下。
句式剖析 ①②两句为“Sb. Was doing sth. when...”句型，其中when为并列连词，连接两个并列分句。
考点提炼 “Sb. was doing sth. when...”句型
（1）此句型表示“某人正在做某事，这时（突然）……”，句中when作并列连词，连接两个并列分句。
（2）when在此表示“这时/那时（突然）”，且when可与suddenly连用以加强语气，此时不能用while替换。
when连接两个并列分句时，后一分句常用一般过去时。
He was sleeping when there was a knock at the door.他正在睡觉，这时有人敲门。
I was thinking about the matter when I heard my name called.我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。
归纳拓展 when作并列连词时还常用于以下句型：
We were about to start when it began to rain.我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。
He was on the point of going out when his friend came.他正要出去，这时他的朋友来了。
I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang.我刚做完试卷，这时铃声响了。
Sentence 2
教材P2 When my English teacher stepped into the classroom, I was surprised to see the same man I had met earlier.当我的英语老师走进教室时，我惊奇地发现他就是我之前遇到的那个人。
句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下：
考点提炼 动词不定式（短语）作原因状语
动词不定式（短语）作原因状语时常位于表示情感、心理活动的形容词后，如surprised, glad, happy, foolish, sad, excited, lucky, pleased, disappointed, shocked, sorry等。
On arriving home, Jack was surprised to find his door open. 杰克一到家，就惊讶地发现他家的门敞开着。
I am very pleased to have an opportunity to introduce Chinese paintings to foreigners.我很高兴有机会向外国人介绍中国画。佳句背诵
Diana was shocked not to find the car where she had parked it the night before and phoned the police immediately.戴安娜在她前一天晚上停车的地方没有措施到车，感到很吃惊，于是立即报了警。
Sentence 3
教材P3 Although I was embarrassed, his words made me a lot more relaxed!虽然我很尴尬，但他的话让我放松了许多！
句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下：
考点提炼 although/though引导的让步状语从句
although意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句，通常可以和though互换。Although/though不能与but连用，但可以与yet, still等连用。
Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。
他虽然年纪很大了，但身体很健壮。
【误】Although he is very old, but he is quite strong.
【正】Although he is very old, yet he is quite strong.
辨析比较
although/though
易混词 同 异 例句
although 均意为“虽然”，多用于引导让步状语从句。多位于句首。 though引导的从句可用倒装语序，此时，作表语的名词或形容词要提前，且单数可数名词前的冠词要省略。 Although/Though he was tired, he still kept on working.他尽管很累了，但仍然继续工作。 Young though he is, he is quite experienced.他虽然年轻，但很有经验。
though
Sentence 4
教材P4 He found the English class difficult and was not sure what to do. 他发现英语课很难，不知道该怎么办。
句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下：
考点提炼 “特殊疑问词/whether+不定式（短语）”结构
（1）常见的特殊疑问词：疑问代词who, what（无选择范围），which（有选择范围）和疑问副词how, when, where。
（2）语法功能：作主语、宾语、表语等。
（3）作主语时谓语动词的数：一般用单数形式。
（4）注意：特殊疑问词与构成不定式的动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式通常用主动形式表被动含义。
When to do the tests in the lab is necessary to check.何时在实验室里进行这些测试是有必要核实的。（作主语）
The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.成功闲聊的关键是学会如何与他人联系起来，而不仅仅是与他们沟通。（作宾语）（全国II卷）
This room is too small. The problem now is where to put this bookshelf.这间屋子太小了。现在的问题是该把这个书架放在哪儿。（作表语）
Point 1 debate
用法详解 （1）n.[C,U]讨论，辩论
The proposal under debate was put forward by the chairman.那个正在讨论中的提议是由主席提出来的。
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park.经过多年的激烈辩论，灰狼重新回到黄石国家公园。（全国III卷）
（2）vt.&vi.辩论，讨论
debate后不接that从句。
They debated for an hour on the advantages and disadvantages of the plan.他们花了一个小时讨论这个计划的利与弊。
He debated with our maths teacher about the solution to the problem.他和我们的数学老师讨论了这道题的解法。
The experts are debating how to solve the mystery of the Amber Room’s disappearance.专家们正在讨论如何解开琥珀屋消失之谜。
辨析比较
argue/debate
argue指提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服。
debate侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩。
Point 2 stage
用法详解 （1）n.[C]舞台；段，步，步骤；[sing.]戏剧，戏剧表演；（政治）舞台
She has shared a stage with many great actors.她曾经和许多优秀的演员同台演出过。
The last stage of the journey was the train north.这次旅行的最后一程是乘火车北行。
His parents didn’t want him to go on the stage. 他父母不想让他当演员。
We’re decorating the house in stages so it won’t be ready for another couple of months.我们在逐步装修房子，所以还得几个月才能就绪。
（2）n.[C]阶段，时期
当先行词stage表示事物的发展阶段或所处的状态且在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的关系词用where。类似的词还有situation, point, case, position等。
At this stage it’s impossible to know whether our plan will succeed.在这个阶段尚不能知道我们的计划能否成功。
The baby has reached the talking stage.这个婴儿已经到了说话的阶段。
（3）vt.上演，举行；组织，筹划
The local theatre group is staging a production of Hamlet.当地剧团在上演《哈姆雷特》。
Point 3 4 argue, sharp
教材语境P6 Argue about the week’s hottest topics with the school’s sharpest minds!与学校里头脑最敏锐的人辩论本周最热门的话题！
3 argue
用法详解 （1）vi.争论，争辩
常见搭配 argue with sb. About/ over sth.就某事与某人争论
They argued with each other about the best place for a holiday.他们就度假的最佳去处互相争论起来。
（2）vt.&vi.论证，说理，争辩
She argued that our attempt would be a waste of time.她认为我们的尝试将是浪费时间。
I argued for the plan while my elder sister argued against it.我赞成这个计划，而我的姐姐反对它。
We tried to argue him out of going on such a dangerous journey.我们努力说服他不要踏上如此危险的旅程。
语境串记
The workers argued with the boss for a few days, but failed to argue him into giving them a rise in wages because the boss argued against it.工人们和老板争辩了几天，却没能说服老板给他们加薪，因为老板反对这样做。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
argument n.[C,U]争吵，争论，辩论；[C]论据，论点，理由
Her argument for the trip is that it can broaden our horizons.她支持旅行的理由是它可以开阔我们的眼界。
4 sharp
用法详解
Challenging work might help your brain stay sharp as you age.随着年龄的增长，具有挑战性的工作可能会帮助你的大脑保持敏锐。 佳句背诵
Thus humans who lived a million years ago, despite their big brains and sharp stone tools, lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.因此，生活在100万年前的人类，尽管他们有硕大的大脑和锋利的石器，却还是生活在对食肉动物的持续恐惧中。（江苏高考）
Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.移民传统更弱的意大利近年来见证了移民的急剧增加。（浙江高考）
I suddenly felt a sharp pain in my chest while I was at work.工作时我突然感到胸口一阵剧痛。
The boss can be very sharp with people when she’s busy.老板在她忙的时候对人会很严厉。
Please be here at seven o’clock sharp.请七点整到这里。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
语境串记
I sharpened the knife using a sharpener, and now it’s sharp enough to cut meat into pieces.我用磨具把这把刀磨锋利，现在它很锋利，能够把肉切成碎片。
Point 5 6 take part in, volunteer
教材语境 P7 In the UK and the US, senior high school students take part in various after-school activities, such as club activities and volunteer work.在英国和美国，高中生参加各种课外活动，如俱乐部活动和志愿者工作。
5 take part in
用法详解 take part in 为动词短语，意为“参加，参与”，多指参加群体性的活动、比赛等。使用时要注意：
（1）part前一般无任何冠词；但其前若有修饰语，则要加不定冠词，如take an active part in；
（2）take part后没有宾语时不用介词in。
You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor.在达特穆尔公园，你将能够参加包括乘独木舟和野营在内的一系列活动。（全国II卷）
The students in our school take an active part in various after-school activities.我们学校的学生积极参加各项课外活动。
We are going to have an English evening. Do you want to take part 我们打算举办一场英语晚会，你想参加吗？
辨析比较
attend/join/join in/take part in
易混词（语） 用法 典型语境
attend 指参加会议、典礼、仪式、招待会等，也可指上课、上学、听演讲等。强调参加者出席了某项活动，不一定在活动中发挥作用。 attend school/classes上学/上课 attend the meeting/conference参加会议 attend the speech/lecture听演讲/讲座 attend the graduation ceremony参加毕业典礼 attend her wedding参加她的婚礼
join 指加入某组织、团体或俱乐部等并成为其中的一员，也可指加入别人正在进行的动作或活动，可构成join sb. in doing sth.或join sb. for sth.结构。 join the army参军 join the sports team加入运动队 join the table tennis club加入乒乓球俱乐部 join us 加入我们
join in 可单独使用，其后也可跟表示活动的词语，常指参加某活动、游戏、聚会或讨论等。可构成join in sth./doing sth.和join in with sb./sth.结构。 join in the fun加入进来，玩得开心 join in the game加入游戏 join in a class discussion加入课堂讨论 join in with other children跟别的孩子一起玩
take part in 多指参加群体性的活动、比赛等，并在其中起一定的作用。 take part in an English singing competition参加英语歌唱比赛
6 volunteer
用法详解 （1）n.[C]志愿者，义务工作者，自愿参加者
Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.苏珊辞去了她的高薪工作，去年我去拜访她时，她正在社区做义工。（北京高考）
We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds. Most of our volunteers are aged 17-24.我们与各种年龄和背景的志愿者一起工作。绝大部分志愿者年龄在17到24岁。（北京高考）
（2）vi.&vt.自愿（做某事），自告奋勇（做某事）
According to the research, people feel good when they volunteer to do something meaningful for other people.根据这项研究，人们在自愿为他人做些有意义的事情时会感觉良好。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
（1）voluntary adj.自愿的，主动的，志愿的；无偿的，义务性的
do voluntary work做志愿性工作
（2）voluntarily adv.自愿地，主动地；无偿地
语境串记
As a volunteer, he often does voluntary work, and he thinks it’s his responsibility to volunteer to help those people in need.作为一名志愿者，他经常做志愿性工作，他认为自愿帮助那些需要帮助的人是他的责任。
Point 7 gain
教材语境 P7 These activities not only help them gain more skills, but also teach them to care about others.这些活动不仅帮助他们获得更多的技能，也教会他们关爱他人。
用法详解 （1）vt.获得，赢得；vt.&vi.（从……中）受益，得到（好处）
He has gained rich experience in teaching these years.这些年他已获得了丰富的教学经验。
My experience tells me that only when we respect others can we gain others’ respect.（倒装语序）我的经验告诉我，我们只有尊重别人才能赢得别人的尊重。
Who will gain from this decision 谁将从这一决定中受益呢？
（2）vt.增加，增长
Don’t gain speed; we’re not in a hurry.不要加速，我们不着急。
（3）n.[C,U]（尤指财富、重量的）增加；[C]好处，利益，改进；[U]利润，经济收益
Regular exercise helps us prevent weight gain.定期锻炼有助于我们防止体重增加。
These policies have resulted in great gains in public health.这些政策使公共卫生得到了很大改进。
It seems that he is not interested in personal gain.他似乎不在乎个人的收益。
熟词生义
gain作动词时还可意为“（钟表）走得太快，快”。
My watch gains five minutes a day.我的表一天快5分钟。
归纳拓展 关于gain的谚语：
No pains, no gains.不劳则无获。
A fall into a pit, a gain in one’s wit.吃一堑，长一智。
Point 8 apply
教材语境 P7 After-school activities also play a part when students apply to college.当学生申请大学时，课外活动也起（一定的）作用。
用法详解 （1）vi.申请
Before you travel to a foreign country, you should apply for a passport.在去外国旅游之前，你应该申请护照。
He applied to two universities and was accepted by both of them.他向两所大学提出申请，都被录取了。
I’ve applied to become a volunteer at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.我申请在北京2022年冬奥会上做一名志愿者。
（2）vt.应用，使用；努力学习，勤奋工作
Later I decided to apply my previous experience to learning how to read and write.后来我决定把我先前的经验应用到学习如何读和写上。（天津高考）佳句背诵
The new technology has been applied to farming, which helps increase agricultural production.这项新技术已被应用于农业，有助于提高农业生产。
Over the next months, he applied himself to improving the technique.在接下来的几个月里，他专心致志地改进这项技术。
（3）vi.适用
常见搭配 apple to...适用于……
The discount no longer applies to him because he’s over eighteen.他不再享受打折待遇，因为他已超过了18岁。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
（1）application n.[U,C]申请，申请书；应用
（2）applicant n.[C]申请人
语境串记
The applicants must hand in their applications first if they want to apply for the job.申请人如果想申请这份工作，就必须先上交他们的申请书。
Point 9 10 take up, schedule
教材语境P7 However, they can take up a lot of time, so students have to learn to organise their busy schedules.然而，它们会占用很多时间，所以学生必须学会安排他们忙碌的日程表。
9 take up
用法详解
短语 含义 典型语境
take up 占用（时间）； 占据（空间） take up the entire day占用一整天的时间 take up too much room/space太占地方
学着做，开始做 take up art lessons开始上美术课
开始从事 take up one’s duties开始履行某人的职责
继续，接着讲 take up the point you raised earlier继续讲你早些时候提出的观点
接受 take up a challenge接受挑战
语境串记
Since Jack took up the work as an editor, he has taken up editing articles, which takes up most of his time.自从杰克开始做编辑工作以来，他便开始编辑文章，这占用了他大部分时间。
10 schedule
用法详解 （1）n.[C,U]日程安排，工作计划
Everything went according to schedule.一切按照日程安排进行。
The building was completed three months ahead of schedule.这幢大楼提前三个月完工了。
We finished the task on schedule while they did behind schedule.我们按时完成了任务而他们没有按时完成。
（2）vt.安排，预定
The meeting has been scheduled for tomorrow afternoon.会议已安排在明天下午。
The professor is scheduled to arrive in Shanghai at 10 o’clock.那位教授预计在10点钟抵达上海。
全突破·句式剖析
Sentence
教材P7 These activities not only help them gain more skills, but also teach them to care about others.这些活动不仅帮助他们获得更多的技能，也教会他们关爱他人。
句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下：
考点提炼 “not only...but (also)...”结构
该结构意为“不但……而且……”，其中also可以省略。“not only...but (also)...”通常连接两个完全对等的语法结构，如名词、代词或短语等，还可连接两个分句。
There, he not only did well as a student but also became an accomplished public speaker.在那里，他不仅是一名优秀的学生，而且成了一名出色的演说家。（2020·江苏）（连接两个谓语部分）
I loved talking about the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own children.我不仅喜欢和我的学生谈论这个虚构的盒子，也喜欢和我自己的孩子说。（2020·海南）（连接两个介词短语）
She likes not only music but also sports.她不仅喜欢音乐而且喜欢体育运动。（连接两个宾语）
特别提醒
（1）“not only A but (also) B”作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数遵循“就近原则”，即与B保持一致。有类似用法的结构还有“not...but...”“either...or...”“neither...nor...”等。
Not only the child but also his parents like this movie.不仅这个孩子喜欢这部电影，他的父母也喜欢。
Not you but your younger brother is to blame.该受责备的不是你而是你的弟弟。
（2）“not only...but (also)...”连接两个并列分句，且not only位于句首时，not only所在的分句要用部分倒装结构（即将谓语的一部分，如助动词、情态动词、连系动词be移到主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面）。
Not only does it build ourselves up but it also enriches our school life.它不仅增强了我们的体质，而且丰富了我们的学校生活。
Point 1 award
教材语境P8 win an award 获奖
用法详解
单词 含义 常见搭配
award n.[C]奖，奖赏 win/get/receive an award (for sth.)（因某事）赢得/获得/得到奖项 an award presentation/ceremony颁奖；颁奖仪式 present sb. with an award给某人颁奖
vt.授予，给予奖励，判给 award sb. sth. 授予/奖励某人某物；把某物判给某人 award sth. to sb.
辨析比较
award/reward/prize
易混词 区别
award 多指因某人所做的事、取得的成就或突出的成绩，经过认真考虑而为其颁发的奖品或奖金等。 His movie won several awards at the film festival.他的电影在电影节上赢得了几个奖项。
reward 多指对某人的帮助、努力或做的好事等的报酬或奖赏，可以是多钱，也可以是物品或精神奖励。 He got a reward for helping them.他因帮助他们而得到了奖励。
prize 多指在竞赛、比赛中赢得的奖。 The prize for the winner of the competition is a two-week holiday in Paris.竞赛获胜者的奖品是到巴黎度假两周。（浙江高考）
Point 2 view
教材语境P9 1,231 views 1 231次观看
用法详解 （1）n.[C]（一次）观看
His post on the Internet received thousands of views.他发布在因特网上的帖子得到了成千上万的浏览。
（2）n.[C]景色，风景；[U,sing.]观看，视野，视域，视线
While climbing the mountain, we enjoyed the beautiful view.爬山时，我们欣赏着美丽的风景。
The plane soon went out of view.那架飞机很快从视野中消失了。
The lake came into view as we turned the corner.我们转过弯就看见了那个湖。
Stand on the top of the building, and you will have a good view of the city.站在这座楼的楼顶，你会看清这个城市。
（3）n.[C]（个人的）看法，意见，见解，态度
In my view, being admitted to a good university is my dream and I hope I can be a person who makes contributions to my country.在我看来，进入一所好的大学是我的梦想，我希望我能成为一个为我的国家做出贡献的人。
When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.当被问及他对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得它很有趣，也很值得做。（安徽高考）
In view of the weather, the event will be held indoors.考虑到天气状况，这项比赛将在室内进行。
（4）vt.观看；查看；以……看待，把……视为
常见搭配 view sb./sth. as...把某人/某事物视为……（其被动形式为sb./sth. be viewed as ...某人/某事物被视为……）
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C.加入有导游的自行车之旅，参观华盛顿特区的一些最受欢迎的纪念碑。（全国I卷）
English is viewed as a tool of international communication.英语被视为国际交流的工具。
Point 3 graduate
教材语境P9 Lisa graduated from our school last June and is about to go to college in New York.莉萨今年六月份从我校毕业，即将去纽约上大学。
用法详解
单词 含义 常见搭配
graduate vi.获得学位（尤指学士），大学毕业 graduate from毕业于……学校 graduate in毕业于……专业 graduate in physics from Cambridge University毕业于剑桥大学物理学专业
n.[C]大学毕业生；毕业生 university graduates大学毕业生 a graduate of Peking University北京大学毕业生
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
（1）graduation n.[U]毕业；[U,C]毕业典礼 after graduation毕业后
（2）undergraduate n.[C]本科生 postgraduate n.[C]研究生
语境串记
Lily was a graduate who graduated from Beijing Normal University and graduated in English. After graduation, she became an English teacher.莉莉是一名毕业于北京师范大学英语专业的学生。毕业后，她成了一名英语老师。
Point 4 5 frightened, sight
教材语境P9 I was frightened at the sight of the test paper.一看到试卷我就很害怕。
4 frightened
用法详解 frightened adj.受惊的，害怕的
When you got lost in the forest, you must have been very frightened.当你在森林里迷路时，你一定很害怕。
Don’t be frightened of going ahead, for there is always something special waiting for us.不要害怕往前走，总有一些特别的东西在等着我们。
归纳拓展 相关词语积累：
（1）fright n.[U]惊吓，恐怖 with fright/in fright惊恐地（常作状语）
（2）frighten vt.&vi.使惊吓，使惊恐
frighten...away把……吓走
frighten sb. into/out of doing sth.把某人吓得做/不做某事
（3）frightening adj.骇人的，使惊恐的，引起恐惧的（多用来形容事物）
语境串记
It was a very frightening experience and upon mentioning it, they still feel frightened now.那是一次非常可怕的经历，而且现在一提起那次经历，他们仍感到害怕。
特别提醒
frightened, shocked, surprised等由过去分词转化而来的形容词多用于说明人自身的感受，还可用于修饰voice, expression等词。frightening, shocking, surprising等由现在分词转化而来的形容词多用于修饰事物。
The news was frightening and they were all frightened. 那条消息令人恐惧，他们都很害怕。
5 sight
用法详解 （1）n.[U]看见；[C]看见（或看得见）的事物，景象，情景
The child laughed at the sight of the new toy.一看到新玩具，这个孩子就笑了。
We fell in love with the cottage at first sight. 我们一见到那个小屋就爱上它了。
I caught sight of my former teacher while I was out shopping today, but she turned the corner and I lost sight of her.今天我在外面购物时看到了以前的老师，但她在街角一拐弯，我就看不见她了。
（2）n.[U]视力；视力范围，视野
As the plane came down through the clouds, green fields and white houses came into sight.当飞机穿过云层下降时，绿色的田野和白色的房屋映入了眼帘。
When he lost his sight, his wife suggested that he should apply for a guide dog.他失明后，他的妻子建议他申请一只导盲犬。
I glanced around quickly. There was no one in sight.我迅速向四周扫了一眼，一个人也没看见。
Out of sight, out of mind.[谚]眼不见，心不想。
（3）n.[pl.]风景，名胜
We’re going to Nanjing for the weekend to see the sights.我们打算去南京过周末，参观那里的名胜。
Point 6 figure
教材语境P9 But then I figured I’d better just go all out and see what happens.不过接着我就觉得，我最好还是全力以赴考考看。
用法详解 （1）vt.（经过考虑后）认为，以为；计算
常见搭配 figure out弄清楚，弄明白；计算（数量或成本）
She figures (that) both she and Neil have learned a lot from the experience.她觉得自己和尼尔都从这次经历中学到了很多。
If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out.如果你不明白什么，你可以研究，学习，和其他人交流，直到你把它弄明白。（北京高考）
It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied.由于对北极熊（活动）范围的研究甚少，因此很难弄清楚全球范围内的北极熊数量。（全国I卷）
（2）n.[C]人物；（绘画或故事中的）人，动物；塑像，雕像
He is a leading figure in the music industry.他是音乐界的一位主要人物。
The central figure in the painting is the artist’s daughter.这幅画中间的那个人是画家的女儿。
We saw a bronze figure of a horse there.我们在那儿看到了一座马的铜像。
（3）n.[C,usually, pl.]数字；[C]图，表
常见搭配 sales figures销售数字
Though the sales figures of the new product are relatively small, the potential market is very large.尽管这款新产品的销售数字相对较小，但是潜在市场巨大。
The figure on page 18 shows the major wheat-producing areas.18页的图表显示了主要的小麦产区。
（4）n.[C]身材；人影
Though in her forties, she still has a good figure.尽管她四十几岁了，但身材仍然很好。
I saw a tall figure in black just now.我刚看到一个黑衣高个子人影。
Point 7 select
教材语境P9 As a member of the school volleyball team, I wasn’t selected for the end-of-year competition.作为校排球队的成员，我未能入选年终赛。
用法说解 select vt.挑选，选择
Students should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do.学生应该和他们的父母或看护人一起阅读这份清单，并选择他们想做的两项活动。（全国II卷）
The students who are selected from the whole class are expected to bring us honour in the school sports meeting.从全班挑选出来的学生被期望在校运动会上为我们带来荣誉。
We selected him to take part in the English contest.我们选他去参加那场英语比赛。
We selected Tom as team leader because he was capable and responsible.我们选汤姆当队长，因为他有能力且负责。
联想串记 相关词语积累：
辨析比较
choose/select/pick
三者均含选择、挑选人或物之义，区别如下：
单词 用法区别
choose 是三者中最通用的词，也是唯一可以不带宾语的词。
select 表示仔细挑选。
pick 较非正式，常指随意挑选，尤用于所作选择不甚重要的事情。
Point 8 particular
教材语境P9 Is there anything else in particular that you’d like to share with us 你还有什么特别想要与我们分享的事情吗？
用法详解 particular adj.特定的，特指的；讲究的，挑剔的
The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters, more so than the familiar near side.月球背面让科学家们尤其感兴趣，因为它比熟悉的正面有更多的深月坑。（2020·全国I卷）
Peter was lying on the sofa doing nothing in particular.彼得躺在沙发上，无所事事。
He loves novels very much, science fiction in particular.他非常喜欢小说，尤其是科幻小说。
She’s very particular about what she wears.她对穿着很讲究。
I like all the four seasons, particularly spring. = I like all the four seasons, spring in particular.四个季节我都喜欢，尤其喜欢春季。
语境串记
Betty is very particular about food. However, she likes the food cooked by her grandma in particular. Actually her grandma is particularly good at cooking. 贝蒂对食物很挑剔。然而，她特别喜欢吃她奶奶做的食物。实际上她的奶奶特别擅长做饭。
Point 9 struggle
教材语境 P11 The teacher found I was struggling with note-taking and told me to stop and just listen.老师发现我在艰难地记笔记，就叫我停下来只专心听讲。
用法详解 （1）vi.奋斗，努力；斗争；争夺；挣扎脱身
Fish will struggle for survival when the water level drops in the lake.湖水水位下降时，鱼会拼命挣扎求生。
My father struggled to support a large family on a very low income several years ago.几年前，我的父亲靠着微薄的收入艰难地供养一个大家庭。
He struggled against cancer for ten years.他同癌症抗争了十年。
Bravely, the old fisherman struggled to his feet and fought against the wind and rain beating against him.这位老渔夫挣扎着站了起来，迎着风吹雨打勇敢地作斗争。
（2）n.[sing.]难事，[C]斗争，努力
It was a real struggle to complete this task before the weekend.周末前完成这项任务绝非易事。
She will not give up her dream without a struggle.她不会轻易放弃自己的梦想。
语境串记
We struggle for success all our life; however, it is a struggle to make every day meaningful. The thought of giving up haunts us when we fail again and again, but the desire for flowers and applause tells us to struggle to our feet when we fall over before trouble.我们一生都在为成功而奋斗，然而，让每天都有意义并非易事。当我们一次又一次地失败时，放弃的想法萦绕在我们心头。但对鲜花和掌声的渴望告诉我们，当我们在困难面前跌倒时，要挣扎着站起来（继续奋斗）。
Point 10 exchange
教材语境P12 exchange ideas交流思想
用法详解 （1）vt.交换，交流；交易，兑换
Readings create a perfect atmosphere where people can chat and exchange ideas.读书会创造了非常好的氛围，人们可以聊天并交流思想。
Everyone in the group exchanged phone numbers.所有的组员都交换了电话号码。
You can exchange pounds for dollars here.你可以在这里把英镑兑换成美元。
（2）n.[C,U]交换，交流
When I was a middle school student I came to China as an exchange student.当我是一个中学生的时候，我作为交换生来到了中国。
Mary is teaching me English in exchange for my teaching her Chinese.我教玛丽汉语，作为交换，她教我英语。
I’ll type your report if you’ll babysit in exchange.如果你愿意代我照看孩子，我就把这个报告给你打出来。
巧学妙记 图形助记exchange的多种含义：
Sentence 1
教材P9 I feel as if high school was only yesterday! 我感觉高中（生活）仿佛就在昨天！
句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下：
考点提炼 as if引导从句的用法
含义 用法 例句
似乎，好像 引导表语从句，常置于系动词look, seem, feel, sound等之后 When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.当脂肪和盐从食物中去除后，食物尝起来好像少了什么东西。（全国I卷）
引导方式状语从句 They looks at me as if I came from another planet.他们看着我，就好像我来自别的星球似的。
特别提醒
as if 引导的从句一般用虚拟语气（注：表示不符合事实或与事实相反的情况，动词是be时，一般用were），但如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大，则用陈述语气。
She looks as if were ten years younger.她看起来好像年轻了10岁。（虚拟语气）
There are a lot of dark clouds in the sky. It seems as if it’s going to rain.天上有很多乌云，看起来好像要下雨。（陈述语气）
Sentence 2
教材P9 You must have had some moments when you were disappointed.你一定有过沮丧的时刻。
句式剖析 本句的结构分析如下：
考点提炼 must have done的用法
must have done表示对过去所发生事情的肯定推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”，仅用于肯定句中。
You must have read widely and put a lot of work into your term paper.你一定广泛阅读了，在你的学期论文上花了很多工夫。
Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He must have practised many times last week.保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上周一定练习了很多次。
归纳拓展 must 表示推测时常用于以下结构：
Sentence 3
教材P9 If so, how did you deal with them 在这种情况下，你是如何应对的呢？
考点提炼 if 型省略结构
在if引导的条件状语从句中，有时可以省略从句的主语和be动词，在这类省略结构中有的已形成固定结构，这类结构常见的有：
if+so/not: if so如果是这样，在这种情况下；if not不然，否则
if+形容词：if necessary如果有必要；if possible如果有可能
if+代词：if any 若有的话
if ever：如果有过/发生过
If the steps you take are working, keep it up. If not, take another look at other methods you could try.如果你采取的措施是有效的，那就坚持下去。如果没有，看看其他你可以尝试的方法。（全国III卷）
If possible, try to go to bed and get up at a fixed time every day.如果可能的话，尝试每天都在固定的时间睡觉和起床。
The climate here is quite pleasant. The temperature rarely, if ever, reaches 30℃ in summer.这里的气候相当舒适。气温在夏季即使有也很少达到30摄氏度。
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