Unit4 Space Exploration
重点1
动词不定式作定语
教材原句
①... on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.······1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。（不定式短语to enter space作定语，修饰 the first person）［P40］
②However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die.然而，尽管这样的灾难带来了很多悲伤和沮丧，但对探索宇宙的渴望没有消失。（不定式短语 to explore the universe 作后置定语，修饰 desire）［P41］
不定式作定语一般情况下置于所修饰词的后面，并且与被修饰的词之间构成一定的逻辑关系。
①主谓关系
被修饰词是不定式动作的发出者。
He's always the first person of the team to put forward the solution to the problem.他总是团队里第一个提出问题的解决方案的人。
2动宾关系
被修饰词是不定式动作的承受者。
She looked for some interesting novels to read.她找了一些有趣的小说来读。
特别注意
当“不及物动词的不定式＋介词”作定语时，该短语与其所修饰的词之间为动宾关系，此处的介词不可省略。
He can find no one to talk with.他找不到可以交谈的人。
③部分抽象名词后常接不定式作后置定语。常见的该类名词有：time、way（方法）、chance、opportunity、ability、ambition、attempt、courage、effort、decision、failure、plan、desire等。
The voluntary service gives you a chance to change lives，including your own.志愿服务给你一个改变生活的机会，包括（改变）你自己的生活。
You should grasp the ability to solve the complex problems.你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。
④当被修饰词是the first、the second、the last、the only、the best或被这些词修饰时，常接不定式作后置定语。
He＇d always be the first to offer to help.他总是第一个愿意帮忙的人。
Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非洲裔美国女性。［2023全国乙］
5不定式常在there be句式中作定语，修饰主语。
There are many interesting things to see there.那里有许多有趣的东西可以看。
⑥动词不定式作后置定语可以表示“动作将要发生”的含义。
The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.明年将要完工的机场将有助于促进这一地区的旅游业。
重点2
动词不定式作状语
教材原句
①Space exploration has come a long way, and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.太空探索已经取得了长足的进步，我们现在希望能发现其他适合生命生存的行星。（动词不定式短语 to support life 作结果状语）[P40]
② Today, scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries.
今天，科学家们设计将航天员送入太空的飞行器，以作出重要的发现。（动词不定式短语to make important discoveries 作目的状语）[P40]
①作目的状语，相当于 in order to do／so as to do（so as to do 不能放在句首）
In order to/To finish the task ahead of schedule,the boss meant to employ another three workers.为了提前完成任务，这位老极打算再招三个工人。
You should learn from past mistakes so as to/in order to/to avoid falling into the same old trap again.你应该从过去的错误中吸取教训，以免重蹈覆辙。
作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语常用于以下结构：
（1）so．．．as to do／such＋n．．．．as to do 太······以至于
He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation where he was likely to lose control over his car.他开得太快了以至于使自己陷入危险境地，很可能让汽车失控。
He is such a fool as to believe them.他太傻了以至于相信了他们。
（2）表示出乎意料的结果，常与only、never等连用。
Hearing the boy's cry, the farmers rushed uphill to help，only to be told it was a joke.听到男孩的哭声，这群农民冲上山去帮忙，却被告知这是一个玩笑。
She went abroad never to return.她出国了，再也没回来。
（3）too．．．to do 太·······以至于不能
When questioned by the media, he was too nervous to say anything.面对媒体的提问，他紧张得说不出话来。
（4）．．．enough to do 足够······做某事
The girl was lucky enough to get a train ticket.这个女孩足够幸运，抢到了一张火车票。
作原因状语
sb+be+adj.+to dodo”结构中，动词不定式作原因状语，形容词通常是angry、delighted、excited、glad、pleased、sorry、surprised 等表示情绪的词。
He was sorry to have done her harm.他很抱歉伤害了她。
课时检测（红色部分为答案）
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. He came to show(show) me his new science book.
2. Our English teacher has many ways to make(make) her class interesting.
3. The doctors are busy doing what they can to save (save) the dying man.
4. The old man was too angry to say(say) a word.
5. He got up early to catch(catch) the bus.
6. He hurried to the station to see Tom off, only to find (find) he had already left.
7. He has a lot of work to do(do) every weekend.
8. They are looking for a room to live(live) in.
9. I have no chance to go (go) sightseeing with so much work to do.
10. He put his photos on it for everyone to look (look) at.
Ⅱ. 根据提示完成句子
1. He is the teacher to teach us English next term.
他是下学期教我们英语的老师。
2. I have nothing to say on this question.
我对这问题没什么可说的。
3. The whole family went to beach to spend their weekend.
全家人去海滩度周末。
4. We shall be very happy to cooperate with you in the project.
我们将很高兴在这个项目上与你合作。
5. The next plane to arrive is from New York.
下一班到达的飞机来自纽约。
6. He is always the first to come to and last to leave the office.
他总是第一个到办公室, 最后一个离开。
7. There are enough chairs for the guests to sit on.
有足够的椅子给客人坐。
8. We are delighted to know that you’re going to visit us next month.
很高兴得知你下个月要来看我们。
9. The tea is too hot to drink.
这茶太热了, 不能喝。
10. He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.
他搬起石头结果砸到了自己的脚。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
I once found that helping someone could get you into a lot of trouble.
I was in the 1. ________(nine) grade at the time, and we were having a final test. During the test, the girl 2. ________(sit) next to me whispered something, but I didn’t understand. Finally I found that she was trying to ask me 3. ________I had an extra pen. She showed me that 4. ________(her) was out of ink and would not write. I happened to have an extra one, so I put it on her desk.
Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher 5. ________(ask) me to stay in the room when all the other students were dismissed. As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about how important it was 6. ________(stand) on my own two 7. ________(foot) and be responsible for my own acts. For a long time, she talked about honesty and emphasized the fact that 8. ________people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves. She made me promise that I would think 9. ________(serious) about all the things she had said, and then she told me I could leave. I walked out of the room wondering why she had chosen to talk to me
10. ________all those things.
Later on, I found out that she thought I had cheated in the test.
【文章大意】考试中一同学向我借笔, 老师误以为考试作弊对我进行了教育。
1. 【解析】ninth。考查序数词。此处指“九年级”, 定冠词the修饰序数词, 故填ninth。
2. 【解析】sitting。考查现在分词。句中谓语是whispered, 现在分词作定语指坐在我旁边的女孩, 故填sitting。
3. 【解析】if/whether。考查宾语从句。句意: 我发现她问我是否有多余的笔。根据动词ask和语境可知填“是否”if/whether。
4. 【解析】hers。考查代词。此处指“她的笔”, 相当于her pen, 应用名词性物主代词, 故填hers。
5. 【解析】asked。考查动词时态。全文讲述的是过去发生的事, 谓语动词用一般过去时。故填asked。
6. 【解析】to stand。考查动词不定式。句中it是形式主语, 不定式作真正的主语。故填to stand。
7. 【解析】feet。考查名词复数。此处由two修饰, 即指“两只脚”, 应用foot的复数形式。故填feet。
8. 【解析】when。考查连词。分析句意可知, 当人们做一些不诚实的事情时, 他们实际上是在欺骗自己。故填when。
9. 【解析】seriously。考查副词。此处修饰动词think要用副词, 指“认真地想”。故填seriously。
10. 【解析】about。考查介词。分析句意可知, 我不知道为什么老师和我谈论这么多关于作弊的事情。故填about。
Ⅳ.语法主题运用
李华正在和同学张青谈论他的宇航员梦想, 请根据语境和提示完成对话。
Zhang: I 1. am delighted to know (很高兴得知)you are interested in the space exploration.
Li: Indeed, I’d like to be an astronaut in the future.
Zhang: Sounds good. 2. To become an astronaut(要想成为一名宇航员), you need to satisfy the requirements of a qualified astronaut.
Li: Yes. First of all, I should study hard 3. to get a related college degree(为了得到一个相关的大学学位). Besides, I must take exercise every day 4. to keep healthy(来保持健康).
Zhang: Exactly. Have you heard Yang Liwei, who is the first man in China 5. to go into space (进入太空), went through lots of mental and physical training.
Li: Of course. He is really a hero. He realized our dream 6. to explore space(探索太空). Unit4 Space Exploration
重点1
动词不定式作定语
教材原句
①... on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.······1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。（不定式短语to enter space作定语，修饰 the first person）［P40］
②However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die.然而，尽管这样的灾难带来了很多悲伤和沮丧，但对探索宇宙的渴望没有消失。（不定式短语 to explore the universe 作后置定语，修饰 desire）［P41］
不定式作定语一般情况下置于所修饰词的后面，并且与被修饰的词之间构成一定的逻辑关系。
①主谓关系
被修饰词是不定式动作的发出者。
He's always the first person of the team to put forward the solution to the problem.他总是团队里第一个提出问题的解决方案的人。
2动宾关系
被修饰词是不定式动作的承受者。
She looked for some interesting novels to read.她找了一些有趣的小说来读。
特别注意
当“不及物动词的不定式＋介词”作定语时，该短语与其所修饰的词之间为动宾关系，此处的介词不可省略。
He can find no one to talk with.他找不到可以交谈的人。
③部分抽象名词后常接不定式作后置定语。常见的该类名词有：time、way（方法）、chance、opportunity、ability、ambition、attempt、courage、effort、decision、failure、plan、desire等。
The voluntary service gives you a chance to change lives，including your own.志愿服务给你一个改变生活的机会，包括（改变）你自己的生活。
You should grasp the ability to solve the complex problems.你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。
④当被修饰词是the first、the second、the last、the only、the best或被这些词修饰时，常接不定式作后置定语。
He＇d always be the first to offer to help.他总是第一个愿意帮忙的人。
Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非洲裔美国女性。
5不定式常在there be句式中作定语，修饰主语。
There are many interesting things to see there.那里有许多有趣的东西可以看。
⑥动词不定式作后置定语可以表示“动作将要发生”的含义。
The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area.明年将要完工的机场将有助于促进这一地区的旅游业。
重点2
动词不定式作状语
教材原句
①Space exploration has come a long way, and we now hope to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.太空探索已经取得了长足的进步，我们现在希望能发现其他适合生命生存的行星。（动词不定式短语 to support life 作结果状语）[P40]
② Today, scientists design vehicles to carry astronauts into space to make important discoveries.
今天，科学家们设计将航天员送入太空的飞行器，以作出重要的发现。（动词不定式短语to make important discoveries 作目的状语）[P40]
①作目的状语，相当于 in order to do／so as to do（so as to do 不能放在句首）
In order to/To finish the task ahead of schedule,the boss meant to employ another three workers.为了提前完成任务，这位老极打算再招三个工人。
You should learn from past mistakes so as to/in order to/to avoid falling into the same old trap again.你应该从过去的错误中吸取教训，以免重蹈覆辙。
作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语常用于以下结构：
（1）so．．．as to do／such＋n．．．．as to do 太······以至于
He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation where he was likely to lose control over his car.他开得太快了以至于使自己陷入危险境地，很可能让汽车失控。
He is such a fool as to believe them.他太傻了以至于相信了他们。
（2）表示出乎意料的结果，常与only、never等连用。
Hearing the boy's cry, the farmers rushed uphill to help，only to be told it was a joke.听到男孩的哭声，这群农民冲上山去帮忙，却被告知这是一个玩笑。
She went abroad never to return.她出国了，再也没回来。
（3）too．．．to do 太·······以至于不能
When questioned by the media, he was too nervous to say anything.面对媒体的提问，他紧张得说不出话来。
（4）．．．enough to do 足够······做某事
The girl was lucky enough to get a train ticket.这个女孩足够幸运，抢到了一张火车票。
作原因状语
sb+be+adj.+to dodo”结构中，动词不定式作原因状语，形容词通常是angry、delighted、excited、glad、pleased、sorry、surprised 等表示情绪的词。
He was sorry to have done her harm.他很抱歉伤害了她。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. He came___________(show) me his new science book.
2. Our English teacher has many ways______________(make) her class interesting.
3. The doctors are busy doing what they can___________ (save) the dying man.
4. The old man was too angry ________(say) a word.
5. He got up early__________(catch) the bus.
6. He hurried to the station to see Tom off, only ________ (find) he had already left.
7. He has a lot of work _______(do) every weekend.
8. They are looking for a room ________(live) in.
9. I have no chance _________ (go) sightseeing with so much work to do.
10. He put his photos on it for everyone__________(look) at.
Ⅱ. 根据提示完成句子
1. He is the teacher ___________________.
他是下学期教我们英语的老师。
2. I have nothing ____________________.
我对这问题没什么可说的。
3. The whole family went to beach_____________________.
全家人去海滩度周末。
4. We shall be very happy_________________________________.
我们将很高兴在这个项目上与你合作。
5. The next plane __________is from New York.
下一班到达的飞机来自纽约。
6. He is always _______________ and last to leave the office.
他总是第一个到办公室, 最后一个离开。
7. There are enough chairs for the guests ____________.
有足够的椅子给客人坐。
8. We are delighted ____________ that you’re going to visit us next month.
很高兴得知你下个月要来看我们。
9. The tea is ________________.
这茶太热了, 不能喝。
10. He lifted a rock only ______________________.
他搬起石头结果砸到了自己的脚。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
I once found that helping someone could get you into a lot of trouble.
I was in the 1. ________(nine) grade at the time, and we were having a final test. During the test, the girl 2. ________(sit) next to me whispered something, but I didn’t understand. Finally I found that she was trying to ask me 3. ________I had an extra pen. She showed me that 4. ________(her) was out of ink and would not write. I happened to have an extra one, so I put it on her desk.
Later, after the test papers had been turned in, the teacher 5. ________(ask) me to stay in the room when all the other students were dismissed. As soon as we were alone she began to talk to me about how important it was 6. ________(stand) on my own two 7. ________(foot) and be responsible for my own acts. For a long time, she talked about honesty and emphasized the fact that 8. ________people do something dishonest, they are really cheating themselves. She made me promise that I would think 9. ________(serious) about all the things she had said, and then she told me I could leave. I walked out of the room wondering why she had chosen to talk to me
10. ________all those things.
Later on, I found out that she thought I had cheated in the test.
李华正在和同学张青谈论他的宇航员梦想, 请根据语境和提示完成对话。
Zhang: I 1._________________(很高兴得知)you are interested in the space exploration.
Li: Indeed, I’d like to be an astronaut in the future.
Zhang: Sounds good. 2. __________________(要想成为一名宇航员), you need to satisfy the requirements of a qualified astronaut.
Li: Yes. First of all, I should study hard 3. ___________________(为了得到一个相关的大学学位). Besides, I must take exercise every day 4. _______________(来保持健康).
Zhang: Exactly. Have you heard Yang Liwei, who is the first man in China 5._______________(进入太空), went through lots of mental and physical training.
Li: Of course. He is really a hero. He realized our dream 6. _____________(探索太空).
