Unit3 Diverse Cultures
教材原句
①A real mix of cultures here！ 这里真是文化的交融啊！（省略了主语和谓语It is）[P28]
②Can＇t wait！我已经迫不及待了！（省略了主语1）［P29］
③It is a very popular tourist draw that receives more visitors each year than even the Golden Gate Bridge.它是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点，每年接待的游客甚至比金门桥还多。（the Golden Gate Bridge 后省略了谓语和宾语 receives visitors)[P32]
在英语中，有时为了使语言简洁或避免重复，常会省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。
①省略主语
（1）祈使句中的主语通常省略。
Be more careful in your exams.考试时要更仔细一些。
（2）在口语中，人称代词（I、we、you、he、she、they）和无人称代词（it）作主语时可以省略。
（You） Had a good time there，didn’t you？你在那里玩得很开心，是吗？
（It） Sounds funny.听起来很有趣。
②省略宾语或表语
Shake（it）well before use.用前摇匀。
You can write your address above (the line) or below the line.你可以把地址写在线的上方或是下方。
-Are you a teacher？你是老师吗？
-No，but I want to be （a teacher）.不，但我想成为一名老师。
③省略谓语或者谓语的一部分
对话的答语和疑问句中常省略谓语，被省略的谓语可以是整个谓语，也可以是谓语的一部分（助动词等）。
All（comes）aboard！全都上船／车／飞机！
-What happened？出了什么事？
-Nothing（happened）.没什么。
（Do）You understand？懂吗？
④省略主语和谓语，或省略主语和谓语的一部分
（Will you）Have a smoke？（你）抽烟吗？
（That is） A wonderful idea！好主意！
（It is）My mistake.我的错。
What a hot day（it is）！多热的一天啊！
⑤不定式符号to后的省略
I asked him to see the film,but he didn't want to（see the film）.我要他去看电影，但他不想去。
⑥并列句中的省略
如果两个并列分句中有相同的部分，则常省略其中一处。
She came into the room and (she) turned on the computer.她走进房间打开了电脑。
My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.我爸爸是一名医生，我妈妈是一名护士。
Lin's father was not at home, but his mother was（at home）.林的爸爸不在家，但是他妈妈在家。
⑦用so或not等替代上文内容的省略
so和not作替代词，代替被省略的某个词（组）或句子，一般和表示个人看法或想法的动词连用，作be、seem、remain 等连系动词的表语或afraid、believe、become、do、expect、fear、hope、imagine、say、see、speak、suppose、think等的宾语。not代替否定的句子，还可放在perhaps、probably、absolutely等副词后。
-Is he the best student in the class？他是班里最优秀的学生吗？
-I think so (=I think he is the best student in the class)./I think not (=I don't think he is the best student in the class）.我认为是的。／我认为不是。
拓展
复合句中的省略
①宾语从句中的省略
（1）宾语从句中的连接词that通常被省略，但多个宾语从句并列时，通常只省略第一个连接词that。
My parents were very pleased (that) I had passed the exam.我通过了考试，我父母很高兴。
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.他说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该背下来。
（2）为了避免重复，对话中常常省略重复的部分，这种现象在包含宾语从句的复合句中更常见。
-Her father came back yesterday.昨天她爸爸回来了。
-I know(that her father came back yesterday).我知道。
②状语从句中的省略
（1）在时间、地点、原因、让步、方式、条件等状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词的某种形式，常把从句中的主语和be动词同时省略。
While (you are) cycling, don't forget the traffic lights.骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。
-Who should be responsible for the accident 谁应该为这次事故负责？
-The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order as （they were）told.应该是老板而不是工人。工人们只是按指示执行命令。
Video games can be a poor influence if (they are)left in the wrong hands.如果电子游戏落入不适合的人手中就可能会产生不良的影响。
（2）在时间、地点、原因、让步、方式、条件等状语从句中，从句的主语为it，且不引起歧义时，也可将从句的主语和be动词省略。其中一些省略结构还可被当作固定表达。状语从句中常用的省略结构如下：
if so 如果那样的话
if not 如果不的话
if ever 如果有过的话
if necessary 如果必要的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if anything要说真有什么的话
where necessary 有必要的地方
wherever possible 任何可能的地方
If(it is) necessary, I'll explain i to you again.有必要的话，我会再向你解释一遍。
The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely， if ever， reaching 30℃ in summer．这里的气候十分宜人，夏天的气温很少达到30℃。
（3）在than或as引导的比较状语从句中，可以省略多种成分。
There is more salt in it than (there is) sugar (in it）.那里面的盐比糖多。
课时检测（红色部分为答案）
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Is (be)there anything wrong
2. Her job is to take (take) care of the elders and (to) wash their clothes.
3. The child wanted to play in the street, but her mother told her not to.
4. I had my father repair(repair) my bike.
5. The girl was seen to cross (cross) the street.
6. What a beautiful view it is(be)!
7. Your advice made me happy but (your advice made) Tom angry (anger).
8. Her father told her to be careful when crossing (cross) the street.
9. —Why were you absent from school last Friday
—(I was absent from school last Friday)Because my mother was ill.
10. —Are you feeling better now
—(I am feeling) Much better (good) now.
Ⅱ. 用省略句式完成句子
1. How beautiful to be treated like a normal child.
被当作一个正常孩子对待是多么美妙的一件事呀。
2. I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.
我宁愿待在家也不愿去看电影。
3. All I want is to go to school and study hard.
我想要的就是上学, 努力学习。
4. The only thing you have to do is press the button.
你唯一要做的事情是按按钮。
5. She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to.
她想来, 可是她父母不会允许的。
6. Open the door, please.
请打开门。
7. He wants to move abroad but his parents wonder why.
他想搬迁到国外但他的父母想知道为什么。
8. I don’t like the way you laugh at her.
我不喜欢你嘲笑她的方式。
9. If necessary, you’d better refer to the dictionary.
如果有必要, 你最好查字典。
10. Study hard when young, or you’ll regret.
趁年轻要努力学习, 要不然你会后悔的。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
An American boy went 1. ________(miss) three days ago, 2. —____________has received people’s great interest. Several people gave different descriptions of his
3. ____________(disappear).
His sister, 4. ________(age) nine, says she heard her brother 5. ________(return) home at about 11pm. When she went to bed, she was frightened at lots of strange creatures 6. ________(stand) inside a spaceship outside. She is sure the aliens took her brother.
His parents became worried and called the police when their son didn’t show
7. ________for lunch the next day.
Some people also say that aliens took one of them aboard the UFO so that they could do research on her. 8. ________(luck), she returned safely.
When 9. ________(ask) about the possibility that the boy was taken by aliens, the police say 10. ________they haven’t dismissed the idea, they will not give up until they find out what happened.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了一个美国男孩三天前离奇失踪了。对于他的失踪, 人们众说纷纭, 但他的妹妹坚称他是被外星人带走的, 警方已经对此展开调查并表示在查明真相之前不会放弃。
1. 【解析】missing。考查形容词。句意: 一个美国男孩三天前失踪了, 这引起了人们极大的兴趣。go missing表示“失踪、消失”, 故填missing。
2. 【解析】which。考查定语从句。句意: 一个美国男孩三天前失踪了, 这引起了人们极大的兴趣。此处为非限制性定语从句, 关系词指代前面句子的内容, 在从句中作主语, 故填which。
3. 【解析】disappearance。考查名词。句意: 几个人对他的失踪给出了不同的描述。作介词of的宾语用名词, 表示抽象意义, 不可数, 故填disappearance。
4. 【解析】aged。考查非谓语动词。句意: 他9岁的妹妹说她听到她哥哥夜里11点左右回家了。His sister与age之间是逻辑上的动宾关系, 表示被动, 用过去分词作定语, 故填aged。
5. 【解析】return。考查非谓语动词。句意: 他9岁的妹妹说她听到她哥哥夜里11点左右回家了。hear sb. do表示“听到某人做某事”, 此处不表示动作正在进行, 故填return。
6. 【解析】standing。考查非谓语动词。句意: 当她上床睡觉时, 她被外面许多站在飞船里面的奇怪的生物吓坏了。creatures 与stand之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 表示主动, 用现在分词作定语, 故填standing。
7. 【解析】up。 考查固定搭配。句意: 第二天, 当他们的儿子没有来吃午饭时, 他的父母开始担心起来并报了警。show up表示“现身、出现”, 故填up。
8. 【解析】Luckily。考查副词。句意: 幸运的是, 她安全地回来了。修饰整个句子用副词, 故填Luckily。
9. 【解析】asked。考查状语从句的省略。当被问及男孩被外星人带走的可能性时, 警方表示, 尽管他们还没有排除这个想法, 但是在查明真相之前, 他们不会放弃。在when引导的时间状语从句中, 当主从句的主语一致时, 从句的主语和be动词可以省略, the police与ask之间是被动关系, 此处省略了they were, 故填asked。
10. 【解析】while/though/although。考查连词。根据上文判断they haven’t dismissed the idea与they will not give up until they find out what happened之间是让步关系, 故填while/though/although。
Ⅳ.语法主题运用
妈妈在厨房准备晚餐, 并跟儿子汤姆交谈。请用省略句写出以下内容:
1. 妈妈正在厨房, 她一面做饭一面谈着。(时间状语从句的省略)
2. 她告诉Tom过街时注意车辆。(祈使句中主语的省略)
3. 如果必要的话, 她还让Tom等一会。(if省略句)
4. 然而, Tom并没有回应。她匆匆离开了房间, 好像生气了。(as if从句省略)
5. 看到这一幕, Tom感到愧疚、害怕, 因此他跑上前去跟妈妈道歉。(简单句中谓语的省略)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Mom was in the kitchen. She talked while preparing their supper. She said to Tom, “Look out for cars when crossing the street. ”If necessary, she let Tom wait for a while. However, Tom didn’t respond. She hurriedly left the room as if angry. Seeing this, Tom felt sorry and frightened, so he ran to Mom apologizing to her. Unit3 Diverse Cultures
教材原句
①A real mix of cultures here！ 这里真是文化的交融啊！（省略了主语和谓语It is）[P28]
②Can＇t wait！我已经迫不及待了！（省略了主语1）［P29］
③It is a very popular tourist draw that receives more visitors each year than even the Golden Gate Bridge.它是一个非常受欢迎的旅游景点，每年接待的游客甚至比金门桥还多。（the Golden Gate Bridge 后省略了谓语和宾语 receives visitors)[P32]
在英语中，有时为了使语言简洁或避免重复，常会省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。
①省略主语
（1）祈使句中的主语通常省略。
Be more careful in your exams.考试时要更仔细一些。
（2）在口语中，人称代词（I、we、you、he、she、they）和无人称代词（it）作主语时可以省略。
（You） Had a good time there，didn’t you？你在那里玩得很开心，是吗？
（It） Sounds funny.听起来很有趣。
②省略宾语或表语
Shake（it）well before use.用前摇匀。
You can write your address above (the line) or below the line.你可以把地址写在线的上方或是下方。
-Are you a teacher？你是老师吗？
-No，but I want to be （a teacher）.不，但我想成为一名老师。
③省略谓语或者谓语的一部分
对话的答语和疑问句中常省略谓语，被省略的谓语可以是整个谓语，也可以是谓语的一部分（助动词等）。
All（comes）aboard！全都上船／车／飞机！
-What happened？出了什么事？
-Nothing（happened）.没什么。
（Do）You understand？懂吗？
④省略主语和谓语，或省略主语和谓语的一部分
（Will you）Have a smoke？（你）抽烟吗？
（That is） A wonderful idea！好主意！
（It is）My mistake.我的错。
What a hot day（it is）！多热的一天啊！
⑤不定式符号to后的省略
I asked him to see the film,but he didn't want to（see the film）.我要他去看电影，但他不想去。
⑥并列句中的省略
如果两个并列分句中有相同的部分，则常省略其中一处。
She came into the room and (she) turned on the computer.她走进房间打开了电脑。
My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.我爸爸是一名医生，我妈妈是一名护士。
Lin's father was not at home, but his mother was（at home）.林的爸爸不在家，但是他妈妈在家。
⑦用so或not等替代上文内容的省略
so和not作替代词，代替被省略的某个词（组）或句子，一般和表示个人看法或想法的动词连用，作be、seem、remain 等连系动词的表语或afraid、believe、become、do、expect、fear、hope、imagine、say、see、speak、suppose、think等的宾语。not代替否定的句子，还可放在perhaps、probably、absolutely等副词后。
-Is he the best student in the class？他是班里最优秀的学生吗？
-I think so (=I think he is the best student in the class)./I think not (=I don't think he is the best student in the class）.我认为是的。／我认为不是。
拓展
复合句中的省略
①宾语从句中的省略
（1）宾语从句中的连接词that通常被省略，但多个宾语从句并列时，通常只省略第一个连接词that。
My parents were very pleased (that) I had passed the exam.我通过了考试，我父母很高兴。
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.他说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该背下来。
（2）为了避免重复，对话中常常省略重复的部分，这种现象在包含宾语从句的复合句中更常见。
-Her father came back yesterday.昨天她爸爸回来了。
-I know(that her father came back yesterday).我知道。
②状语从句中的省略
（1）在时间、地点、原因、让步、方式、条件等状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句中含有be动词的某种形式，常把从句中的主语和be动词同时省略。
While (you are) cycling, don't forget the traffic lights.骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。
-Who should be responsible for the accident 谁应该为这次事故负责？
-The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order as （they were）told.应该是老板而不是工人。工人们只是按指示执行命令。
Video games can be a poor influence if (they are)left in the wrong hands.如果电子游戏落入不适合的人手中就可能会产生不良的影响。
（2）在时间、地点、原因、让步、方式、条件等状语从句中，从句的主语为it，且不引起歧义时，也可将从句的主语和be动词省略。其中一些省略结构还可被当作固定表达。状语从句中常用的省略结构如下：
if so 如果那样的话
if not 如果不的话
if ever 如果有过的话
if necessary 如果必要的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if anything要说真有什么的话
where necessary 有必要的地方
wherever possible 任何可能的地方
If(it is) necessary, I'll explain i to you again.有必要的话，我会再向你解释一遍。
The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely， if ever， reaching 30℃ in summer．这里的气候十分宜人，夏天的气温很少达到30℃。
（3）在than或as引导的比较状语从句中，可以省略多种成分。
There is more salt in it than (there is) sugar (in it）.那里面的盐比糖多。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1.______ (be)there anything wrong
2. Her job is ________(take) care of the elders and (to) wash their clothes.
3. The child wanted to play in the street, but her mother told her not _____.
4. I had my father ________(repair) my bike.
5. The girl was seen___________(cross) the street.
6. What a beautiful view it ____(be)!
7. Your advice made me happy but (your advice made) Tom __________ (anger).
8. Her father told her to be careful when ___________ (cross) the street.
9. —Why were you absent from school last Friday
—(I was absent from school last Friday)___________my mother was ill.
10. —Are you feeling better now
—(I am feeling) Much ________ (good) now.
Ⅱ. 用省略句式完成句子
1. __________________ to be treated like a normal child.
被当作一个正常孩子对待是多么美妙的一件事呀。
2. I would rather _______________ than go to see a film.
我宁愿待在家也不愿去看电影。
3. All __________ is to go to school and study hard.
我想要的就是上学, 努力学习。
4. The only thing you have to do is ________________.
你唯一要做的事情是按按钮。
5. She wants to come but her parents won’t _______________.
她想来, 可是她父母不会允许的。
6. _________________, please.
请打开门。
7. He wants to move abroad but his parents ______________.
他想搬迁到国外但他的父母想知道为什么。
8. I don’t like the way _____________ her.
我不喜欢你嘲笑她的方式。
9._____________________, you’d better refer to the dictionary.
如果有必要, 你最好查字典。
10. Study hard __________________, or you’ll regret.
趁年轻要努力学习, 要不然你会后悔的。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
An American boy went 1. ________(miss) three days ago, 2. —____________has received people’s great interest. Several people gave different descriptions of his
3. ____________(disappear).
His sister, 4. ________(age) nine, says she heard her brother 5. ________(return) home at about 11pm. When she went to bed, she was frightened at lots of strange creatures 6. ________(stand) inside a spaceship outside. She is sure the aliens took her brother.
His parents became worried and called the police when their son didn’t show
7. ________for lunch the next day.
Some people also say that aliens took one of them aboard the UFO so that they could do research on her. 8. ________(luck), she returned safely.
When 9. ________(ask) about the possibility that the boy was taken by aliens, the police say 10. ________they haven’t dismissed the idea, they will not give up until they find out what happened.
Ⅳ.语法主题运用
妈妈在厨房准备晚餐, 并跟儿子汤姆交谈。请用省略句写出以下内容:
1. 妈妈正在厨房, 她一面做饭一面谈着。(时间状语从句的省略)
2. 她告诉Tom过街时注意车辆。(祈使句中主语的省略)
3. 如果必要的话, 她还让Tom等一会。(if省略句)
4. 然而, Tom并没有回应。她匆匆离开了房间, 好像生气了。(as if从句省略)
5. 看到这一幕, Tom感到愧疚、害怕, 因此他跑上前去跟妈妈道歉。(简单句中谓语的省略)
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
