牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 1 Wish you were here Extended Reading 导学案（含答案）

B3 U1 Extended reading 学案
重点词汇诠释
1.expand vt.&vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展(业务)；详谈，详述
(1)expand to 扩展到……
expand into sth. 扩展成……
expand on sth. 进一步阐述，详谈，充分叙述
(2)expansion n.
(尺寸、范围、数量等的)扩大；增加；(公司、企业等的)扩张；详述；展开；扩充
In ten years the city's population has expanded by 12%.
十年之中，该市人口增加了12%。
As Helen's knowledge and vocabulary expanded, she asked more and more questions.
随着知识不断拓展、词汇不断丰富，海伦问的问题越来越多。
We've expanded the business by opening two more stores.
我们增开了两家商店以扩展业务。
All the details are in the book，and I need not expand on it.
情节都在书上呢，我无须详述。
Heat causes the expansion of gases.热使气体膨胀。
This book is an expansion of the play he wrote before.
这本书是他以前写的剧本的扩充。
　单句语法填空
①The society expanded ____________ a worldwide organization.
②The town has now expanded ____________ twice its original size.
③For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness, ____________ (expand) their range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships.
④In his lecture the teacher expanded ____________ the uses of the English subjunctive mood.
⑤The future ____________ (expand) of the business calls for two new factories.
2.multiple adj.数量多的，多样的
(1)multiple formats 多种格式
multiple challenges 多重挑战
multiple models 多型号
multiple-choice questions 多项选择题
(2)multiply vi.& vt. 乘，增加
multiply...by 以……乘
multiply five by three 三乘以五
The children should be trained to have multiple interests.
应该培养孩子们有多方面的兴趣。
In a world that warms up by 3℃， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.
在一个温度上升了3摄氏度的世界里，它(模型)发现海洋的颜色会发生多重变化。
What do you get if you multiply six by nine？6乘以9等于多少？
完成句子
①The government performed competently in the face of ______________________________ (多重挑战).
②This digital audio player supports ________________________ (多种格式).
③The ________________________ (多项选择题) must be answered within a strict time limit.
3.plain adj.朴素的，简单的；清楚的　n．平原
(1)be plain with sb. 对某人直言不讳
be plain about sth. 对某事直言不讳
It is quite plain that... ……是很明显的
(2)plainly adv. 朴素地；清晰地，明显地；直截了当地
I will be plain with you and tell you the truth.我跟你开门见山地说实话。
It's quite plain that you haven't been paying attention.你显然一直都没好好地留意。
They still like simple food and plain clothes though they are much better off now.
尽管现在富裕多了，他们还是喜欢吃简单的食物、穿朴素的衣服。
The aircraft was able to fly over the endless white plains without difficulty.
飞机可以毫无困难地飞过这片茫茫无际的白色平原。
You are plainly unwilling to cooperate.你显然不愿合作。
Say what you have to say plainly. Don't go all round the circle to get here.
你该说的就直说吧，不用转弯抹角。
　单句语法填空/写出句中plain的词性及词义
①He was quite plain ____________ his feeling on the matter.
②I'll be plain ____________ you.I don't like the idea.
③How could you not notice that girl She was ____________ plain sight all night.
④She was ____________ (plain) dressed and wore no make-up.
⑤A little mountain stream is dashing down to the plain.____________
⑥The meaning of the sentence is quite plain.____________
⑦The excuse for me, however, was not youth but plain stupidity.____________
4.appropriate adj.合适的，恰当的
(1)appropriate time/place 合适的时间/地点
be appropriate for/to sth. 适合……
It is appropiate to do sth. 做某事是合适的
It is appropriate that... 是恰当的
(2)appropriately adv. 恰当地，合适地
inappropriate adj. 不适当的，不合适的
inappropriate behaviour/language 不恰当地行为/语言
I don't feel that this is an appropriate time to mention the subject.
我觉得这个时候不适合提这个话题。
Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party like this.
在像这样的正式聚会上穿牛仔裤是不合适的。
It is not appropriate to ask such personal questions in an interview.
在采访中问这样的私人问题是不合适的。
As a new diplomat, he often thinks of how he can react more appropriately on such occasions.作为一名新的外交官，他经常思考怎样才能在这种场合中作出更恰当的反应。
　单句语法填空
①Try to dress ____________ (appropriate) for each occasion.
②Ask your doctor whether these treatments are appropriate ____________ you.
③It is often appropriate ____________ (use) the local dialect to communicate your message.
④____________ is entirely appropriate that his music should be played at this festival.
5.estimate vt.估计，估价　n．估计；估计的成本
(1)It is estimated (that)... 据估计，……
be estimated to be/have/cost sth. 被估计为/有/价值……
estimate sth. at... 估计某物为……
(2)a rough estimate 粗略的估计
It is estimated (that) the project will last four years.据估计，这项工程将持续四年。
The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old.这棵树估计至少有700年树龄。
They estimate the cost at 800 yuan.他们估计费用为800元。
　单句语法填空
①I know him well enough to form ____________ estimate of his abilities.
②The cost of building railways ____________(estimate) at.
③It is estimated ____________ up to 60% of the local population is being reached through these radio broadcasts.
④The police estimated the number of tourists ____________ about 20，000.
6.consume vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费(尤指燃料、能量或时间)
(1)consume time 消耗时间
consume all the hamburgers 吃光所有的汉堡
consume the whole city 吞噬整个城市
(2)consumer n. [C]消费者，顾客，用户
consumption n. [U]消费；消耗量
The kids soon consumed all the food on the table.
孩子们很快便把桌子上的所有食物吃光了。
Alcohol can do harm to the liver if consumed in large quantities.
如果大量饮酒，那会对肝脏造成伤害。
We have to replace these old lamps with the new energy-efficient ones, because they consume too much electricity.我们必须把这些旧灯换成新的节能灯，因为它们太耗电。
Cars that consume less fuel are particularly popular with young people.
耗油量较低的汽车在年轻有中尤其受欢迎。
　判断下列句子中consume的含义/用consume的适当形式填空
①Our high living standards cause our present population to consume 25 percent of the world's oil.____________
②According to a survey，40 grams of meat per day is what people should consume in order to stay fit.____________
③Phone carriers and ____________ need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.
④The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain (消耗)— ____________ of energy—on the body.
7.essential adj.必不可少的，极其重要的；本质的，基本的　n．必需品；要点，要素
(1)be essential for/to... 对……来说是极为重要的
It is essential (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事是完全必要的。
It is essential that... ……是必要/至关重要的。(that从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可省略)
(2)essentially adv. 本质上，根本上
Advanced technology is essential to the advance of society.
先进的技术对社会的进步是极为重要的。
It's essential for high and new tech enterprises to strengthen competitive power.
增强竞争力对高新技术企业来说是极其重要的。
It is essential that your diet (should) be varied and balanced.
你的饮食要多样化且均衡，这至关重要。
The essential difference between Sara and me is the fact that I take life seriously.
我与萨拉的根本区别在于我是认真对待生活的这一事实。
单句语法填空
①The possession of a passport is essential ____________ foreign travels.
②It is essential that he ____________ (send) there at once.
③History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past.It is ____________ essential part of who we are today and who we will become.
④Most people hold the belief that it's essential ____________ (wear) a surgical mask to control the spread of COVID -19.
8.take off 拿下，脱下；起飞；突然成功
take on 承担；呈现；雇用
take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间，地方)
take down 记下；拿下
take in 吸收；领会；欺骗
take over 接管；接收
take apart 拆开
take back 拿回；撤销
He came in and took off his coat.他走了进来，脱掉大衣。
The plane took off despite the fog.尽管有雾，飞机仍照常起飞。
In 1944, his career took off.1944年，他的事业飞黄腾达。
Some insects take on the colour of their surrounding to protect themselves.
有些昆虫会呈现出周围环境的颜色以保护自己。
She took up a pen and wrote down her name and address.
她拿起钢笔写下了她的名字和地址。
Afer he graduated，he took up the study of space.他毕业后就开始从事太空研究。
Writing the paper took up most of my weekend.写论文占去了我周末的大部分时间。
The plants have taken in abundant nutrition from under the ground.
这些植物从地下吸收了丰富的营养。
When taking in the meaning of a new word, you'd better mark it out.
理解新单词的意思时，你最好标注一下。
⑩Apparently she took Tom in completely with her story.
显然，她的一番花言巧语完全把汤姆蒙骗住了。
John will take over as general manager when Mitchell retires.
米切尔退休后，约翰将接任总经理一职。
You cannot take over the store unless you deposit in advance.
你只有先交订金才能接手这个商铺。
单句语法填空
①He took ____________ the telephone receiver and began to dial.
②Many businesses started up by college students have taken ____________ thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
③He's spoken to a publishing company. They're going to take him ____________．
④She decided that I was the ideal person to take ____________ the job.
⑤The accident happened as the jet was about to take ____________．
⑥He took ____________ a dictionary from the top shelf.
⑦She read a few poems，but did not take them ____________．
⑧My little son likes to take ____________ his toy cars.
9.appetite n．食欲，胃口；强烈欲望；爱好，嗜好
have a good/poor/no appetite 胃口好/胃口不好/没有胃口
develope an appetite for... 对……提起胃口
ruin one's appetite 破坏某人的食欲
lose one's appetite 某人失去胃口
have an appetite for 喜欢，爱好
have no appetite for 对……没有兴趣
Exercise gives her a good appetite.运动使她胃口大开。
Mr Black has developed an appetite for Chinese food.
布莱克先生喜欢上了吃中国食物。
The smell ruined my appetite，and I pushed the dish away.
那气味破坏了我的食欲，我把菜推开了。
He has an appetite for classical music.他很喜欢古典音乐。
At the moment she had no appetite for gossip.此刻她对流言蜚语没有兴趣。
　单句语法填空
①He has ____________ appetite for writing.
②All kinds of magazines and research papers are put out with the aim of satisfying readers' appetite ____________ specific knowledge.
10.emphasis n．(pl. emphases)强调，重视；重读
(1)lay/put/place emphasis on... 强调/重视……
give emphasis to 强调，着重
(2)emphasize vt. 强调；着重；使突出
emphasize the importance of sth. 强调某事的重要性
emphasize sth. to sb. 向某人强调某事
Schools here put/place/lay great emphasis on reading and writing.
这里的学校非常重视阅读和写作。
The government gave much emphasis to the problem of traffic jams.
政府非常重视交通堵塞问题。
We cannot emphasize too much the importance of learning English.
我们再怎样强调学英语的重要性也不为过。
He only emphasized his own interests to us at the conference.
他在会上只向我们强调了他自己的利益。
　单句语法填空
①Our English course places great emphasis ____________ conversational skills.
②We cannot ____________ (emphasis) the importance of protecting the environment too much because we have only one Earth.
11.edge n．边，边缘；刀口
on edge 紧张不安；急切
on the edge of... 在……的边缘；濒于；快要；将近
at the edge of... 在……的边缘
She was always on edge before an interview.她在面试前总是紧张不安。
On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that gives off light in the dark.
在夹克的边缘，有一块布在黑暗中发光。
We all know that the panda is a species that is on the edge of extinction.
我们都知道熊猫是一种濒临灭绝的物种。
At the edge of the desert, he came across a deserted church.
在沙漠的边缘地带，他碰巧发现了一座被遗弃的教堂。
　完成句子
①The hotel is situated ________________(在……边缘) the town.
②They have driven the rhino to ________________ (灭绝的边缘).
③Just the sound of her voice sets my teeth ________________ (紧张不安).
12.apart adv.成碎片；分开；相隔；除外
fall apart vi. 破碎，破裂，散架；崩溃
take sth. apart 拆开某物
tell...apart 把……区分开来
Don't stand on that old chair—it's likely to fall apart at any moment.
别站在那把旧椅子上——它随时都可能散架。
They used to be close friends，but fell apart not long ago.
他们曾经是亲密的朋友，但不久前关系破裂了。
I can't tell the twins apart.我分不清这对双胞胎。
Rod loves taking clocks apart. However, he never manages to put them together again.
罗德喜欢拆卸钟表，但他从不能再把它们组装起来。
　用apart的相关短语完成句子
①我经常读这本书，它都块散架了。
I've read the book so often and it's ____________________________．
②我们把电脑拆开了，看看出了什么问题。
We ____________________________ to see what was wrong.
③甚至我们的父母有时也很难区分我和我弟弟。
Even our parents sometimes have trouble ____________________________．
重点句型解构
1．(教材P11)They are believed to have started off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters.
据说四川火锅出现于晚清时期，是长江上的船夫在寒冷潮湿的冬季保暖的一种方式。
[句式分析]　本句属于“主语＋be believed＋动词不定式(短语)”结构，意为“……被认为……”；后面的to keep warm during the cold and wet winters是动词不定式短语作后置定语。
“主语＋be believed＋动词不定式(短语)”句型
该句型的具体用法为：
(1)该结构意为“……被认为……”，动词不定式(短语)根据需要有时态和语态的变化，即：
be believed＋
The vase is believed to be worth a lot of money.人们认为这个花瓶值许多钱。
Chinese is believed to be used even more widely in the future world.
人们认为汉语在未来世界的使用将会更加广泛。
Loulan is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms hundreds of years ago.
人们认为，楼兰在数百年前被沙尘暴渐渐吞没。
(2)该句型可与“It's believed that...”互换。
He is believed to be a learned and modest scholar.
＝It's believed that he is a learned and modest scholar.
他被认为是一位博学、谦逊的学者。
　单句语法填空/单句写作
①In terms of skill, David is believed ____________ (be) one of the best and most talented basketball players in our team.
②He is thought ____________ (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
③The project is hoped ____________ (complete) by the end of 2022，which will be a popular tourist attraction of the city.
④—I haven't seen Bob for days.What happened to him
—He is said ____________ (look) after his wife in the hospital.
⑤人们认为，良好的饮食对健康有益。
________________________________________________________________________
2．(教材P11)What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a great opportunity to socialize with friends since a meal can last for hours.
我最爱四川火锅的地方就是它们提供了与朋友交往的好机会，因为一顿饭可以持续数小时。
[句式分析]　本句中what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。
what引导的主语从句
(1)在复合句中充当主语的从句称为主语从句。
(2)what引导主语从句时表示“……的事物”，what在从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
What makes our school famous is that more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.
让我们学校出名的是超过百分之九十的学生都被大学录取了。(What在主语从句中作主语)
We should keep in mind that what we see on social media is often not the whole truth about a person.
我们应记住，我们在社交媒体上看到的往往不是一个人的全部真相。(what在主语从句中作宾语)
What the kind man's name is remains unknown to us.
我们仍然不知道那位好心人叫什么名字。(What在主语从句中作表语)
What job he is doing now is very important to his family.他现在在做什么工作对他的家庭来说很重要。(What在主语从句中作定语)
即学即练　单句语法填空/完成句子
①____________ excited Jenny most was that she finally succeeded in what seemed to be the most difficult exam to her.
②From the bottom of my heart, ____________ I want to say to you is “Thank you！”
③你今天的所作所为会对你明天的生活有影响。
________________________ will make a difference to your life tomorrow.
3.(教材P12)In Guangzhou, morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that “Have you had your tea？” has become the local version of “Good morning.”
在广州，早茶是日常生活必不可少的一部分，“你喝过茶了吗？”成为当地版的“早上好”。
[句式分析]　本句中“such...that”结构，that引导结果状语从句
such...that 如此……以至于……
(1)such＋＋that...
It is such a little dog that it can't run fast.
这是一只小狗，它跑不快。
It is such an expensive car that we can't afford it.
这车太贵了，我们买不起。
They are such nice apples that we would like to eat them.
这些苹果是如此好，以至于我们想要吃它们。
It was such fine weather that they all went swimming.
天气这么好，他们都去游泳了。
(2)so...that...也表示“如此……以至于……”，但so后跟形容词或副词。
so＋＋that...
This teacher is so kind that we all like him.
这个老师非常和蔼，我们都喜欢他。
This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it.
这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
I've had so many falls that I have pains here and there.
我摔了很多跤，到处都疼。
There is so little water in the glass that I can't drink any more.
杯子里的水太少了，我不能再喝了。
单句语法填空
①Miss Gao asked so difficult ________ question that nobody could answer it.
②They are ________ interesting films that we all enjoy seeing them.
③We have ________ little money that we can't lend you any.
④He spends ________ much time on computer games that he falls behind his classmates in his study.
⑤He seems such a nice man ________ we all believe him.
⑥They are ________ interesting books that I want to read them once more.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．If a tooth feels very ________ (松的)，your dentist may recommend that it be taken out.
2．It's quite ________ (有雾的) now，so the traffic is very heavy.
3．The government performed competently in the face of ________ (数量多的) challenges.
4．The parents don't allow their son to touch that bowl with a ________ (精致的) pattern of flowers.
5．In the circumstances，Paisley's plans looked highly ________ (合适的).
6．Many people are unaware of just how much food and drink they have ________ (消耗).
7．We must promote originality, inspire creativity and encourage ________ (创新) so that we can finish the work perfectly.
8．Your encouragement will ________ (刺激) me to further efforts.
9．They looked at him with a ________ (混合物) of horror, envy and awe.
10．The plants grow best in cool, ________ (潮湿的) conditions.
11．Businesses have a golden opportunity to ________ (发展) into new markets.
12．She swapped her ________ (朴素的) suit for an elegant dress.
13．Compare the physical ________ (性质) of the two substances.
14．It is hard to ________ (估计) how many children suffer from dyslexia.
15．It's a ________ (概念) that is difficult to render into English.
16．There's a lot of food —I hope you have a good ________ (胃口).
17．He placed great ________ (重视) on the importance of family life and ties.
18．Put the meat in the centre of the dish，with the vegetables around the ________ (边缘).
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．____________ is estimated that lack of exercise could be responsible for around one in ten cases of heart disease and cause most of the health problems.
2．It is essential that these application forms ____________ (send) back as soon as possible.
3．All my students have an appetite ____________ knowledge, making the most of every minute to read.
4．I think we should put as much emphasis ____________ preventing disease as we do on curing it.
5．The key to funny advertising is making sure that the humor is appropriate ____________ the product.
6．Linda，together with her brothers，____________ (be) spending the holiday in Chile when the severe earthquake broke out.
7．He had lost weight and the suit hung ____________ (loose) on him.
8．____________ (plain), a more objective method of description must be adopted.
9．The team is now a good ____________ (mix) of experience and youth.
10．As often as not the buses are late on ____________ (fog) days.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．如今，我们可以一边周游世界，一边与朋友保持联系。我们所需要的就是无线上网系统。
Nowadays, we can travel round the world and stay in touch with friends at the same time. __________________________ Wi-Fi.(主语从句)
2．青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾至关重要的一部分，仅在非洲每年就可以拯救10万人的生命。
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and ____________________________ 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.(“ 主语＋be believed＋不定式”句型)
3．重要的是你的饮食是多样而平衡的。
____________________________ your diet is varied and balanced.
4．他多进行锻炼是恰当的。
____________________________ he should do more exercise.
5．据估计，去年有30%的风电没有得到利用。
____________________________ 30% of last year's wind power supply went unused.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
This article tells us some traditional Chinese foods: Sichuan hot pots, Nanjing salted duck and Cantonese dim sum.
Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp, 1.________ (fog) climate in which they were invented. They are believed 2.________ (start) off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters. In the beginning, the delicious dish was made simply by boiling vegetables, chillies and Sichuan peppers in water. Over time, it 3.________ (expand) to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, 4.________ (appeal) to people of different tastes.
Salted duck is Nanjing's most famous food export. 5.________ (serve) plain in thin, white slices, the meat is juicy and salty. Each Nanjing salted duck takes several days to prepare, and the process includes salting, drying, boiling and cooling. The countryside around Nanjing has been famous for its ducks for centuries; its countless waterways make the area perfect for raising waterbirds. A local history book from the late Qing Dynasty praised salted duck 6.________ particular, saying it was without equal. 7.________ (traditional), duck is considered to have cooling properties, so 8.________ is appropriate for the hot summer months.
The Cantonese do not hurry over their breakfasts. The 9.________ (emphasise) is rather on conversation about business, family or pleasure. From beef balls to rice noodle rolls, there are various dishes 10.________ have been baked, boiled, steamed or fried.
B4 U1 Extended reading 学案
重点词汇诠释
1．①into　②to　③to expand　④on　⑤expansion
2．①multiple challenges　②multiple formats　③multiple-choice questions
3．①about　②with　③in　④plainly　⑤n.平原　⑥adj.清楚的　⑦adj.纯粹的
4．①appropriately　②for　③to use　④It
5．①an　②was estimated　③that　④at
6．①消耗　②吃　③consumers　④consumption
7．①for/to　②(should) be sent　③an　④to wear
8．①up　②off　③on　④over　⑤off　⑥down　⑦in　⑧apart
9．①an　②for
10．①on/upon　②emphasize
11．①at the edge of　②the edge of extinction　③on edge
12．①falling apart　②took the computer apart　③telling me and my brother apart
重点句型解构
1．①to be　②to have acted　③to be completed　④to be looking　⑤A good diet is believed to be beneficial to health.或It is believed that a good diet is beneficial to health.
2．①What　②what　③What you do today
3．①a　②such　③so　④so　⑤that　⑥such
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．loose　2.foggy　3.multiple　4.delicate　5.appropriate
6．consumed　7.innovation　8.stimulate　9.mixture　10.damp　11.expand　12.plain　13.properties　14.estimate　15.concept　16.appetite　17.emphasis　18.edge
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It　2.(should) be sent　3.for　4.on　5.for/to　6.was
7．loosely　8.Plainly　9.mixture　10.foggy
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1．What we need is 　2.it is believed to save　3.It is essential that
4．It is appropriate that　5.It is estimated that
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
1．foggy　2.to have started　3.has expanded　4.appealing
5．Served　6.in　7.Traditionally　8.it　9.emphasis　10.that/which