Unit1 Festivals and Celebrations
重点1：
动词-ing形式的基本形式
形式 含义
一般式 主动式：doing 与其逻辑主语之间为主 动关系，通常与句子谓语 动词表示的动作同时发 生或几乎同时发生，表主 动、进行。
被动式：being done 与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，与句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，被被动，进行。
完成式 主动式：having done 与其逻辑主语中之间为主动关系，先于句子谓语动词表示的动作发生，表主动，完成。
被动式：having been done 与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，先于句子谓语动词表示的动作发生，表被动，完成。
重点2：
动词-ing形式做定语
①During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious moon-cakes.在中国的中秋节，家人聚在一起欣赏明月，品尝美味的月饼。（单个现在分词shining作定语，位于被修饰词之前，修饰名词 moon）［P4］
②But, to be frank, the fireworks going off throughout the night were really annoying.但是，说实话，整晚燃放烟花真的令人恼火。（现在分词短语 going off throughout the night 作后置定语，修饰名词 fireworks）［P7］
①动名词作定语时说明被修饰名词的用途和性能，常位于被修饰词之前，且与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主动或被动关系。
a reading room(=a room which is used for reading）阅览室
a sleeping car(=a car which is used for sleeping)卧铺车厢
②现在分词作定语表示被修饰的人或物的动作或状态，单个分词常置于被修饰词之前，分词短语常置于被修饰词之后，且与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，表示主动、进行，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。现在分词作定语，相当于一个定语从句。
developing countries ( = countries that are developing）发展中国家（表示进行）
a sleeping child（＝a child that is sleeping） 正在睡觉的孩子（表示进行）
Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.昨晚有数百万人在电视上观看了开幕式的直播。（表示主动）
③有些动词的-ing形式已经转化为形容词，常作定语，表示所修饰词的特征或性质，意为“令人······的”。常用的此类词有：exciting、amusing、amazing、astonishing、shocking、puzzling、confusing等。
a surprising result(=a result that is surprising)一个惊人的结果
易混辨析
现在分词的主动式、现在分词的被动式和过去分词作定语时的区别：
The student doing the experiment is our monitor.
正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。（现在分词的主动式作定语，表示主动和进行）
The meeting being held now is very important.现在正在举行的会议非常重要。（现在分词的被动式作定语，表示被动和进行）
The meeting held yesterday is very important.昨天举行的会议非常重要。（过去分词作定语，表示被动和完成）
①I think the Rio Carnival would be the most exciting.我认为里约热内卢狂欢节会是最激动人心的。（形容词化的现在分词exciting在从句中作表语）[P3]
②The performances were just amazing.表演都太棒了。（形容词化的现在分词 amazing在句中作表语）[P6]
①动名词作表语，多指抽象的、经常性的动作。具体说明主语的内容，即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。
The main thing is getting there in time.=Getting there in time is the main thing.首要的事是及时到达那里。
易混辨析: 动词不定式作表语多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。
My job is to clean the house.我的工作是打扫房子。
②现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征或性质，相当于形容词。有的现在分词已被当作形容词使用。常用来作表语的现在分词有：boring、confusing、disappointing、encouraging、inspiring、moving、tiring、interesting、surprising 等。
His concern for his mother is most moving.他对他母亲的关爱很感人。
易混辨析: 由及物动词的过去分词转化而来的-ed结尾的形容词作表语时，多表示主语所处的状态。
People are deeply touched by his concern for his mother.人们被他对母亲的关爱深深地感动了。
课时检测（红色部分为答案）
Ⅰ. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. China and India are both large developing (develop) countries.
2. This hardworking student finally worked out the puzzling (puzzle) problem.
3. Do you know the boy playing (play) basketball
4. The man talking (talk) to my mother is my uncle.
5. The stranger standing (stand) in front of my house caught my attention.
6. Her job is keeping (keep) the lecture hall as clean as possible.
7. The problem that he raised at the meeting was quite surprising (surprise).
8. The man wearing (wear) a sad look said, “I’ve lost my wallet. ”
9. The house being built (build) for the old is to be completed next month.
10. One of his bad habits is smoking (smoke) while having dinner.
Ⅱ. 用动词-ing形式完成句子
1. I don’t think her joke is interesting.
我认为她的笑话无趣。
2. Her life story sounds moving.
她的人生故事听起来很感人。
3. My hobbies are singing and dancing.
我的业余爱好是唱歌跳舞。
4. What I am tired of is waiting for a bus for a long time.
我厌烦的事情就是等公交车很长时间。
5. No one is allowed to speak loudly in the reading room.
在阅览室不允许大声喧哗。
6. You should adapt to the rapidly changing situation.
你应该适应这种快速变化的局势。
7. The old man exercising in the park looks energetic.
在公园里锻炼的老人看起来精力充沛。
8. The stadium being designed now will be the largest in our city.
现在正在设计的体育馆将是我们城市里最大的体育馆。
9. The boys gathering at the school gate are my classmates.
聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学。
10. The furniture in a large shopping center comes in a variety of colors and shapes, ranging from black to white, and from round to square.
大型超市里的家具有各种颜色和形状, 从黑色到白色, 从圆形到方形。
Ⅲ句型转换
1. Watch the men who are coming this way.
→Watch the man coming this way.
2. The dog that drank the polluted water yesterday is dead.
→The dog drinking the polluted water yesterday is dead.
3. The baby who is crying makes me annoyed.
→ The crying baby makes me annoyed.
4. Anyone who wishes to leave early may do so.
→Anyone wishing to leave early may do so.
5. The result made us disappointed.
→The result was disappointing to us.
6. The sun that is rising looks beautiful.
→ The rising sun looks beautiful.
7. The boy who stood near the window was good at playing football.
→The boy standing near the window was good at playing football.
8. The question that is embarrassing is hard to answer.
→ The embarrassing question is hard to answer.
9. Designing machines is my job.
→My job is designing machines.
10. Arriving at the factory half an hour early is his habit.
→His habit is arriving at the factory half an hour early.
Ⅳ语法填空
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Several different stories are told about the origin of Saint Valentine’s Day. One legend 1. ______ (date) as far back as the days of Roman Empire. According to the story, Claudius, 2. ______ Emperor of Rome, wanted to increase the size of the army. He knew that it would be easier to get young men who were not married 3. ______ (join) the army; therefore, he made a rule that no young men could marry 4. ______ he had served in the army for a number of years.
A priest 5. ______ (name) Valentine broke the rule and 6. ________ (secret) married a great number of young people. Finally, Claudius found out about Valentine and put the priest in prison, 7. ______ he remained until he died on February 14.
After his death, Valentine 8. ______ (make) a saint and the day of his death was named Saint Valentine’s Day.
February 14, Valentine’s Day, is sweetheart’s day. After 9. _________ (put)their love message in a heart shaped box of chocolate or a bunch of flowers, people give the gifts to their lover. 10. _________ (word) may be written on the flower covered card, or something else.
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了情人节的来历。
1. 【解析】dates。date back常用于一般现在时, 不用于被动语态和进行时。此处主语是one legend, 所以谓语用dates。
2. 【解析】the。用定冠词表示特指。
3. 【解析】to join。此处是get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事。
4. 【解析】until。no young men could marry until he had served in the army for a number of years相当于the young men could not marry until he had served in the army for a number of years, 是not. . . until. . . 句型, 表示“直到……才……”。
5. 【解析】named。named Valentine相当于定语从句who was named Valentine, 作定语修饰priest。
6. 【解析】secretly。副词作状语修饰married。
7. 【解析】where。where引导定语从句修饰prison。where在此处相当于in which。
8. 【解析】was made。此处叙述的是过去的事情, 根据and后面句子中的was named也可知此处用一般过去时。make在此处表示“使, 让”, 和主语Valentine之间是被动关系, 所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
9. 【解析】putting。after+动词-ing形式。
10. 【解析】Words。Word是可数名词, 前面没有表示单数概念的词如a/one, 所以此处用复数形式。
Ⅴ语法主题运用
用动词-ing形式作定语和表语的句子简要介绍你母亲的工作。
1. 妈妈的工作是在超市里卖水果。(动词-ing形式作表语)
2. 这些水果种类繁多, 从常见的苹果、梨到进口的水果。(动词-ing形式作定语)
3. 妈妈经常给我们带来一些卖得好的水果让我们品尝。(动词-ing形式作定语)
4. 虽然一些人认为我母亲的工作是无聊的, 但我认为她的工作是有意义的。(动词-ing形式作表语)
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
My mother’s job is selling fruit in a supermarket. There are all kinds of fruits, ranging from common apples and pears to imported fruit. She often brings us some fruit selling well to let us taste it. Though some people think my mother’s job is boring, I think it is meaningful. Unit1 Festivals and Celebrations
重点1：
动词-ing形式的基本形式
形式 含义
一般式 主动式：doing 与其逻辑主语之间为主 动关系，通常与句子谓语 动词表示的动作同时发 生或几乎同时发生，表主 动、进行。
被动式：being done 与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，与句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，被被动，进行。
完成式 主动式：having done 与其逻辑主语中之间为主动关系，先于句子谓语动词表示的动作发生，表主动，完成。
被动式：having been done 与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，先于句子谓语动词表示的动作发生，表被动，完成。
重点2：
动词-ing形式做定语
①During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China, families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious moon-cakes.在中国的中秋节，家人聚在一起欣赏明月，品尝美味的月饼。（单个现在分词shining作定语，位于被修饰词之前，修饰名词 moon）［P4］
②But, to be frank, the fireworks going off throughout the night were really annoying.但是，说实话，整晚燃放烟花真的令人恼火。（现在分词短语 going off throughout the night 作后置定语，修饰名词 fireworks）［P7］
①动名词作定语时说明被修饰名词的用途和性能，常位于被修饰词之前，且与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主动或被动关系。
a reading room(=a room which is used for reading）阅览室
a sleeping car(=a car which is used for sleeping)卧铺车厢
②现在分词作定语表示被修饰的人或物的动作或状态，单个分词常置于被修饰词之前，分词短语常置于被修饰词之后，且与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的主动关系，表示主动、进行，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。现在分词作定语，相当于一个定语从句。
developing countries ( = countries that are developing）发展中国家（表示进行）
a sleeping child（＝a child that is sleeping） 正在睡觉的孩子（表示进行）
Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.昨晚有数百万人在电视上观看了开幕式的直播。（表示主动）
③有些动词的-ing形式已经转化为形容词，常作定语，表示所修饰词的特征或性质，意为“令人······的”。常用的此类词有：exciting、amusing、amazing、astonishing、shocking、puzzling、confusing等。
a surprising result(=a result that is surprising)一个惊人的结果
易混辨析
现在分词的主动式、现在分词的被动式和过去分词作定语时的区别：
The student doing the experiment is our monitor.
正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。（现在分词的主动式作定语，表示主动和进行）
The meeting being held now is very important.现在正在举行的会议非常重要。（现在分词的被动式作定语，表示被动和进行）
The meeting held yesterday is very important.昨天举行的会议非常重要。（过去分词作定语，表示被动和完成）
①I think the Rio Carnival would be the most exciting.我认为里约热内卢狂欢节会是最激动人心的。（形容词化的现在分词exciting在从句中作表语）[P3]
②The performances were just amazing.表演都太棒了。（形容词化的现在分词 amazing在句中作表语）[P6]
①动名词作表语，多指抽象的、经常性的动作。具体说明主语的内容，即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。
The main thing is getting there in time.=Getting there in time is the main thing.首要的事是及时到达那里。
易混辨析: 动词不定式作表语多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。
My job is to clean the house.我的工作是打扫房子。
②现在分词作表语，表示主语所具有的特征或性质，相当于形容词。有的现在分词已被当作形容词使用。常用来作表语的现在分词有：boring、confusing、disappointing、encouraging、inspiring、moving、tiring、interesting、surprising 等。
His concern for his mother is most moving.他对他母亲的关爱很感人。
易混辨析: 由及物动词的过去分词转化而来的-ed结尾的形容词作表语时，多表示主语所处的状态。
People are deeply touched by his concern for his mother.人们被他对母亲的关爱深深地感动了。
Ⅰ. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. China and India are both large __________ (develop) countries.
2. This hardworking student finally worked out the___________ (puzzle) problem.
3. Do you know the boy __________ (play) basketball
4. The man ___________ (talk) to my mother is my uncle.
5. The stranger ____________ (stand) in front of my house caught my attention.
6. Her job is_____________ (keep) the lecture hall as clean as possible.
7. The problem that he raised at the meeting was quite _____________ (surprise).
8. The man ____________ (wear) a sad look said, “I’ve lost my wallet. ”
9. The house _____________ (build) for the old is to be completed next month.
10. One of his bad habits is _____________ (smoke) while having dinner.
Ⅱ. 用动词-ing形式完成句子
1. I don’t think __________________________.
我认为她的笑话无趣。
2. Her life story_______________________.
她的人生故事听起来很感人。
3. My hobbies are________________________.
我的业余爱好是唱歌跳舞。
4. What I am tired of is____________________________________.
我厌烦的事情就是等公交车很长时间。
5. No one is allowed to speak loudly ___________________.
在阅览室不允许大声喧哗。
6. You should adapt to____________________________.
你应该适应这种快速变化的局势。
7. The old man ____________________ looks energetic.
在公园里锻炼的老人看起来精力充沛。
8. The stadium ____________________ will be the largest in our city.
现在正在设计的体育馆将是我们城市里最大的体育馆。
9. The boys ____________________ are my classmates.
聚集在校门口的那些男孩是我的同学。
10. The furniture in a large shopping center comes in a variety of colors and shapes, _____________________________, and from round to square.
大型超市里的家具有各种颜色和形状, 从黑色到白色, 从圆形到方形。
Ⅲ句型转换
1. Watch the men who are coming this way.
→Watch the man ___________________.
2. The dog that drank the polluted water yesterday is dead.
→The dog _____________________________________ is dead.
3. The baby who is crying makes me annoyed.
→ _________________ makes me annoyed.
4. Anyone who wishes to leave early may do so.
→Anyone ________________________ may do so.
5. The result made us disappointed.
→The result ___________________ to us.
6. The sun that is rising looks beautiful.
→ __________________ looks beautiful.
7. The boy who stood near the window was good at playing football.
→The boy _______________________ was good at playing football.
8. The question that is embarrassing is hard to answer.
→ ______________________________ is hard to answer.
9. Designing machines is my job.
→My job is ______________________.
10. Arriving at the factory half an hour early is his habit.
→His habit is ____________________________________.
Ⅳ语法填空
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Several different stories are told about the origin of Saint Valentine’s Day. One legend 1. ______ (date) as far back as the days of Roman Empire. According to the story, Claudius, 2. ______ Emperor of Rome, wanted to increase the size of the army. He knew that it would be easier to get young men who were not married 3. ______ (join) the army; therefore, he made a rule that no young men could marry 4. ______ he had served in the army for a number of years.
A priest 5. ______ (name) Valentine broke the rule and 6. ________ (secret) married a great number of young people. Finally, Claudius found out about Valentine and put the priest in prison, 7. ______ he remained until he died on February 14.
After his death, Valentine 8. ______ (make) a saint and the day of his death was named Saint Valentine’s Day.
February 14, Valentine’s Day, is sweetheart’s day. After 9. _________ (put)their love message in a heart shaped box of chocolate or a bunch of flowers, people give the gifts to their lover. 10. _________ (word) may be written on the flower covered card, or something else.
Ⅴ语法主题运用
用动词-ing形式作定语和表语的句子简要介绍你母亲的工作。
1. 妈妈的工作是在超市里卖水果。(动词-ing形式作表语)
2. 这些水果种类繁多, 从常见的苹果、梨到进口的水果。(动词-ing形式作定语)
3. 妈妈经常给我们带来一些卖得好的水果让我们品尝。(动词-ing形式作定语)
4. 虽然一些人认为我母亲的工作是无聊的, 但我认为她的工作是有意义的。(动词-ing形式作表语)
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
