Unit2 Morals and Virtues
重点1
动词-ing形式（现在分词）作宾语补足语
①The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. 中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了重要的作用。（playing...作宾语补足语）
②I saw her whispering something into her ear, obviously not wanting to be heard.我看见她在他耳边悄声说了些什么，显然是不想被听见。（whispering...作宾语补足语）
①现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语往往是其逻辑主语，其与宾语存在逻辑上的主动关系，表示动作正在进行，强调过程或一种状态。
They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们利用电脑让交通顺畅。
②当“动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的现在分词便转换为主语补足语。
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.如果厨师被发现在厨房吸烟，他会被立即开除。（smoking作主语补足语）
3能用现在分词作宾语补足语的几类动词（短语）
（1）表示感觉、感官或意愿的动词（短语），常见的有see、hear、feel、find、notice、observe、watch、look at、listen to、wish、want等。
One day, when she was five years old,Hanna hand her mother saw a man eating out of a garbage can.汉娜五岁时，有一天她和妈妈看到一个人从垃圾箱中翻找东西吃。
Listening to music at home is one thing; going to hear it being performed live is quite another.在家里听音乐是一回事，去现场听又是另一回事。（现在分词的被动式作宾补）
易混辨析·see、hear、feel、watch等感官动词之后用现在分词和动词不定式（常省略to）作宾语补足语的区别：前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示或强调动作的全过程。
She felt the tears roll down her cheeks.她感到眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。
She felt the tears rolling down her cheeks.她感到眼泪正顺着脸颊流下来。
（2）表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有have、get、set、keep、leave等。
He had us laughing during the lunchtime.他让我们在午饭时间一直笑个不停。
His remark left me wondering what he was driving at.他的评论使我想知道他到底是什么意思。
④现在分词用于“with＋宾语＋宾补”的复合结构中
I couldn't concentrate on my study with the noise going on.噪声一直持续着，我无法专心学习。
重点2
现在分词作状语
教材原句
①... her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees.想到高额的学费，她哥哥抱怨道······（thinking of...作时间状语）[P16]
②Thinking of all the people still in need of help,Dr Lin opened a private clinic.想到还有那么多人需要帮助，林医生便开了一家私人诊所。（Thinking of．．．作原因状语）［P16］
③Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”,having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.林巧稚虽然终身未婚，但她被誉为“万婴之母”，一生共接生过5万多个婴儿。（having delivered...为现在分词的完成式作时间状语）
一、现在分词的时态意义
一般式（doing／being done）：现在分词表示的动作与句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，不分先后。完成式（having done／having been done）：现在分词表示的动作先于句子谓语动词表示的动作发生，强调动作的先后顺序。
Seeing that she was going off to sleep,I asked if she＇d like to take that little doll to her bed.看到她要去睡觉了，我问她是否想把那个小玩具娃娃带到床上。（see与其逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，与句子谓语asked表示的动作几乎同时发生）
Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.工作两天后，史蒂夫按时完成了报告。（work与其逻辑主语Steve之间是主动关系，且work这一动作发生在managed to finish 这一动作之前）
二、现在分词作状语
现在分词可在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随、方式、让步等，相当于一个状语从句。
1.作时间状语，为了强调，还可与when、while 等连词连用。
Reflecting on(=While/When reflecting on) her volunteer experience,Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleague.回想自己的志愿经历，蒂娜为自己与当地同事共同取得的成就感到骄傲。
Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away？人家给了她一个这么好的机会，她怎么能轻易放过？
2.作原因状语，相当于because、since、as引导的原因状语从句。
Not knowing(=Because he didn't know) how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他向老师求助。
Having been asked to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.那天晚上我被要求加班，因此错过了一场精彩的电影。
3.作条件状语，其逻辑主语应为句子的主语，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard (= If you work hard), you'll succeed.如果你努力工作，你会成功的。
4.作结果状语，相当于一个结果状语从句。现在分词短语在句中作结果状语时，通常位于句末，前面有逗号。现在分词前可以加thus、therefore、hence等词。
She fell off the bike,(thus) breaking her left leg.她从自行车上摔了下来，结果摔断了左腿。
易混辨析，现在分词和动词不定式作结果状语的
区别：现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，而动词不定式作结果状语往往表示出乎意料的结果，常常与only连用。
He hurried there, only to find the train had left.他匆匆赶到那里，却发现火车已经开走了。
5表示方式或伴随，说明动作发生的背景或情况。
Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not knowing where she was heading.简在林荫道上漫无目的地走着，不知道她要往哪里去。
Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.像古代的水手一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。（use与其逻辑主语birds之间是主动关系，using...在句中作方式状语）
6.作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。有时现在分词前可以带有连接词although、even if、even though等。
Though lacking money and support from his family,he managed to complete the task by himself, which brought him confidence and experience.尽管缺少资金和家人的支持，他还是靠自己完成了任务，这给了他信心和经验。
7.评注性状语：有些惯用的现在分词（短语）在句中可以没有逻辑主语而独立存在，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有：
generally speaking 一般说来
strictly speaking 严格说来
frankly／honestly speaking 坦白说／老实说
judging from／by...根据······判断
considering（that）...考虑到······
seeing...因为，由于······
Generally speaking, when taken according to the directions， the medicine has no side effects.通常说来，当按照说明书服用时，这个药没有副作用。
Judging from his face on which there was a confident smile， we knew that he didn’t lose heart.从他带着自信的笑脸来看，我们知道他没有灰心。
特别注意
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致。若不一致，分词须另带主语，从而构成复合结构作状语。这种结构称为“分词独立结构”，可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。若分词与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，则用现在分词；若分词与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，则用过去分词。
After a while,a group of women came along,each balancing a pot of water on her head.过了一会儿，来了一群妇女，每个人的头上都稳稳地顶着一罐水。［教材P20］
The meeting being over，all of us went home.开完会后我们都回家了。
Weather permitting， we will go for a picnic.天气允许的话，我们就去野餐。
Everything taken into consideration, his plans seems to be more workable.从各方面考虑，他的计划似乎更可行。
课时检测(红色部分为答案）
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. With so many things bothering(bother) me, I hope you can offer me some practical suggestions.
2. With more and more farmers rushing(rush) into city, their children’s education is a problem.
3. The next thing he saw was smoke rising(rise)from the house.
4. Having worked(work) all day, they are very tired.
5. Listen! Do you hear someone calling(call) for help
6. The manager would like to see his plan carried(carry) out as soon as possible.
7. He was so angry that he threw the toy on the ground, breaking(break) it into pieces.
8. The girl was noticed quarreling(quarrel)with an old man at 9 o’clock yesterday.
9. Approaching(approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
10. Going(go) straight down the road, you will find the hospital.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. While working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时, 他是一名先进工人。
2. I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car.
我下车的时候注意到一个男人正从银行里跑出来。
3. Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
看到那些画, 她想起了自己的童年。
4. I felt my heart beating violently.
我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。
5. Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.
我们已经作好了充分准备, 现在可以考了。
6. With another problem appearing, many customers are dissatisfied.
随着另一个问题的出现, 许多消费者不满意了。
7. Not knowing the gold coins hidden under the stone, many people didn’t attempt to move it.
由于不知道石头底下藏着金币, 很多人都没有尝试去搬走它。
8. You can’t have your son studying all day long at the weekend.
你不能让你的儿子周末整天都待在家里学习。
9. It has rained for over ten days, causing the river to rise.
下了十多天雨, 致使河水上涨。
10. They should not leave us wondering what they will do next.
他们不应该不让我们知道他们下一步要做什么。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
After eating a diet of bread, hamburgers and spaghetti for three
1. __________(month), I began to miss Chinese food. Luckily, in 2. __________ international city like New York, I have little difficulty 3. __________(find) a Chinese restaurant. However, the Chinese food, which the locals consider
4. ___________ their favorite, is not exactly the Chinese food I enjoy in Beijing. I can always find such so-called “Chinese food” as honey chicken on the menu,
5. __________ I actually have never even heard of it before.
One day, I went to a Chinese restaurant with my local friends. After the meal, each of us 6. __________(give) a dumpling-shaped cookie. Once I bit into it, I realized something not quite right. I found a piece of paper with a message that read, “This fortune’s no good, try another. ” At first I 7. __________(think) it must be a trick of the restaurant. When I told this to my friends, they burst into
8. __________(laugh) and asked, “Are you really from China ”
But it doesn’t mean there is no place in New York where I can satisfy my stomach. I always head to China Town when I 9. __________(extreme) miss the food of my homeland. 10. ___________(follow) the hot and spicy smell, I can always find the most typical(典型的) Chinese food that excites me in the city.
【文章大意】讲述了作者在无法忍受外国饭菜之后, 寻找中国食物的历程和其中发生的趣事。
1. 【解析】months。考查可数名词单复数。根据句意, 三个月是复数, 应使用名词的复数形式。故填months。
2. 【解析】an。考查不定冠词。此处泛指纽约这个城市, 没有特指的意思, 故使用不定冠词。又因后面的international为元音音素开头。故填an。
3. 【解析】finding。考查非谓语动词。此句的谓语为have, have difficulty (in) doing sth. 为固定搭配, 意为“做某事有困难”。使用动词-ing形式作宾语。故填finding。
4. 【解析】as。考查固定搭配。句意: 然而, 中国菜, 当地人认为是他们最喜欢的, 并不是我在北京吃的中国菜。consider as为固定搭配, 意为“认为……是……”。故填as。
5. 【解析】but。考查连词。根据句意, 前文作者提到这些所谓的中国菜, 下文提到作者其实并没有见过, 此处有转折对比的意思。故填but。
6. 【解析】was given。考查动词的时态和语态。饼干是别人给我们的, 故应使用被动语态, 又因为此事发生在过去, 故应使用一般过去时的被动语态, 又因是我们中的每一个人, 应使用第三人称单数。故填was given。
7. 【解析】thought。考查一般过去时。句意: 一开始我以为这一定是餐馆的把戏。整篇文章在讲述一个过去发生的经历, 文章的时态基调是过去时, 此处无特殊情况。故填thought。
8. 【解析】laughter。考查固定搭配。句意: 他们突然大笑起来, 问道: ”你真的是中国人吗 , 此处的笑是与前面他们没笑作比较。且burst into laughter为固定搭配, 意为“突然大笑”。故填laughter。
9. 【解析】extremely。考查副词。句意: 当我极度想念我家乡的食物时, 我总是去中国城。此处extreme修饰miss, miss为动词, 修饰动词使用副词, extreme的副词形式为extremely。故填extremely。
10. 【解析】Following。考查非谓语动词。follow与主语I是主谓关系, 故用动词-ing形式作状语。
Ⅳ.语法主题运用
请根据下面汉语提示写一篇小短文。
1. 在回家的路上, 我们看到一个大树枝躺在马路上。(动词-ing形式作宾语补足语)
2. 考虑到它会带来麻烦, 我们决定把它移走。(动词-ing形式分词作原因状语)
3. 在一些过路人的帮助之下, 我们成功地把它移到一边。(with的复合结构)
4. 看到我们的所作所为, 人们为我们热烈鼓掌。(动词-ing形式作时间状语)
On our way home, we saw a big branch lying on the road. Considering it might cause some trouble, we decided to move it away. With some passers-by helping us, we managed to remove it. Seeing what we had done, many people applauded warmly. Unit2 Morals and Virtues
重点1
动词-ing形式（现在分词）作宾语补足语
①The new People’s Republic of China saw Dr Lin Qiaozhi playing a key role. 中华人民共和国成立后，林巧稚医生发挥了重要的作用。（playing...作宾语补足语）
②I saw her whispering something into her ear, obviously not wanting to be heard.我看见她在他耳边悄声说了些什么，显然是不想被听见。（whispering...作宾语补足语）
①现在分词作宾语补足语时，宾语往往是其逻辑主语，其与宾语存在逻辑上的主动关系，表示动作正在进行，强调过程或一种状态。
They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.他们利用电脑让交通顺畅。
②当“动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的现在分词便转换为主语补足语。
A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.如果厨师被发现在厨房吸烟，他会被立即开除。（smoking作主语补足语）
3能用现在分词作宾语补足语的几类动词（短语）
（1）表示感觉、感官或意愿的动词（短语），常见的有see、hear、feel、find、notice、observe、watch、look at、listen to、wish、want等。
One day, when she was five years old,Hanna hand her mother saw a man eating out of a garbage can.汉娜五岁时，有一天她和妈妈看到一个人从垃圾箱中翻找东西吃。
Listening to music at home is one thing; going to hear it being performed live is quite another.在家里听音乐是一回事，去现场听又是另一回事。（现在分词的被动式作宾补）
易混辨析·see、hear、feel、watch等感官动词之后用现在分词和动词不定式（常省略to）作宾语补足语的区别：前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示或强调动作的全过程。
She felt the tears roll down her cheeks.她感到眼泪顺着脸颊流了下来。
She felt the tears rolling down her cheeks.她感到眼泪正顺着脸颊流下来。
（2）表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有have、get、set、keep、leave等。
He had us laughing during the lunchtime.他让我们在午饭时间一直笑个不停。
His remark left me wondering what he was driving at.他的评论使我想知道他到底是什么意思。
④现在分词用于“with＋宾语＋宾补”的复合结构中
I couldn't concentrate on my study with the noise going on.噪声一直持续着，我无法专心学习。
重点2
现在分词作状语
教材原句
①... her brother complained, thinking of the high tuition fees.想到高额的学费，她哥哥抱怨道······（thinking of...作时间状语）[P16]
②Thinking of all the people still in need of help,Dr Lin opened a private clinic.想到还有那么多人需要帮助，林医生便开了一家私人诊所。（Thinking of．．．作原因状语）［P16］
③Though Lin Qiaozhi never married, she was known as the “mother of ten thousand babies”,having delivered over 50,000 babies in her lifetime.林巧稚虽然终身未婚，但她被誉为“万婴之母”，一生共接生过5万多个婴儿。（having delivered...为现在分词的完成式作时间状语）
一、现在分词的时态意义
一般式（doing／being done）：现在分词表示的动作与句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，不分先后。完成式（having done／having been done）：现在分词表示的动作先于句子谓语动词表示的动作发生，强调动作的先后顺序。
Seeing that she was going off to sleep,I asked if she＇d like to take that little doll to her bed.看到她要去睡觉了，我问她是否想把那个小玩具娃娃带到床上。（see与其逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，与句子谓语asked表示的动作几乎同时发生）
Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.工作两天后，史蒂夫按时完成了报告。（work与其逻辑主语Steve之间是主动关系，且work这一动作发生在managed to finish 这一动作之前）
二、现在分词作状语
现在分词可在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随、方式、让步等，相当于一个状语从句。
1.作时间状语，为了强调，还可与when、while 等连词连用。
Reflecting on(=While/When reflecting on) her volunteer experience,Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleague.回想自己的志愿经历，蒂娜为自己与当地同事共同取得的成就感到骄傲。
Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away？人家给了她一个这么好的机会，她怎么能轻易放过？
2.作原因状语，相当于because、since、as引导的原因状语从句。
Not knowing(=Because he didn't know) how to work out the difficult physics problem, he asked the teacher for help.因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他向老师求助。
Having been asked to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.那天晚上我被要求加班，因此错过了一场精彩的电影。
3.作条件状语，其逻辑主语应为句子的主语，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Working hard (= If you work hard), you'll succeed.如果你努力工作，你会成功的。
4.作结果状语，相当于一个结果状语从句。现在分词短语在句中作结果状语时，通常位于句末，前面有逗号。现在分词前可以加thus、therefore、hence等词。
She fell off the bike,(thus) breaking her left leg.她从自行车上摔了下来，结果摔断了左腿。
易混辨析，现在分词和动词不定式作结果状语的
区别：现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，而动词不定式作结果状语往往表示出乎意料的结果，常常与only连用。
He hurried there, only to find the train had left.他匆匆赶到那里，却发现火车已经开走了。
5表示方式或伴随，说明动作发生的背景或情况。
Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not knowing where she was heading.简在林荫道上漫无目的地走着，不知道她要往哪里去。
Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using the sun and the stars.像古代的水手一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。（use与其逻辑主语birds之间是主动关系，using...在句中作方式状语）
6.作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句。有时现在分词前可以带有连接词although、even if、even though等。
Though lacking money and support from his family,he managed to complete the task by himself, which brought him confidence and experience.尽管缺少资金和家人的支持，他还是靠自己完成了任务，这给了他信心和经验。
7.评注性状语：有些惯用的现在分词（短语）在句中可以没有逻辑主语而独立存在，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有：
generally speaking 一般说来
strictly speaking 严格说来
frankly／honestly speaking 坦白说／老实说
judging from／by...根据······判断
considering（that）...考虑到······
seeing...因为，由于······
Generally speaking, when taken according to the directions， the medicine has no side effects.通常说来，当按照说明书服用时，这个药没有副作用。
Judging from his face on which there was a confident smile， we knew that he didn’t lose heart.从他带着自信的笑脸来看，我们知道他没有灰心。
特别注意
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致。若不一致，分词须另带主语，从而构成复合结构作状语。这种结构称为“分词独立结构”，可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。若分词与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系，则用现在分词；若分词与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系，则用过去分词。
After a while,a group of women came along,each balancing a pot of water on her head.过了一会儿，来了一群妇女，每个人的头上都稳稳地顶着一罐水。［教材P20］
The meeting being over，all of us went home.开完会后我们都回家了。
Weather permitting， we will go for a picnic.天气允许的话，我们就去野餐。
Everything taken into consideration, his plans seems to be more workable.从各方面考虑，他的计划似乎更可行。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. With so many things __________(bother) me, I hope you can offer me some practical suggestions.
2. With more and more farmers ___________(rush) into city, their children’s education is a problem.
3. The next thing he saw was smoke ________(rise)from the house.
4. ________________(work) all day, they are very tired.
5. Listen! Do you hear someone _________(call) for help
6. The manager would like to see his plan ___________(carry) out as soon as possible.
7. He was so angry that he threw the toy on the ground, _____________(break) it into pieces.
8. The girl was noticed _______________(quarrel)with an old man at 9 o’clock yesterday.
9. ______________(approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
10. _________(go) straight down the road, you will find the hospital.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. While _______________, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时, 他是一名先进工人。
2. I ______________________ out of the bank when I got off the car.
我下车的时候注意到一个男人正从银行里跑出来。
3. _________________, she remembered her childhood.
看到那些画, 她想起了自己的童年。
4. I _______________________ violently.
我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。
5. __________________________, we are ready for the examination.
我们已经作好了充分准备, 现在可以考了。
6. _______________________________, many customers are dissatisfied.
随着另一个问题的出现, 许多消费者不满意了。
7. _________________________________, many people didn’t attempt to move it.
由于不知道石头底下藏着金币, 很多人都没有尝试去搬走它。
8. You can’t ___________________ all day long at the weekend.
你不能让你的儿子周末整天都待在家里学习。
9. It has rained for over ten days, ______________________.
下了十多天雨, 致使河水上涨。
10. They should not ___________________ what they will do next.
他们不应该不让我们知道他们下一步要做什么。
Ⅲ. 语法填空
After eating a diet of bread, hamburgers and spaghetti for three
1. __________(month), I began to miss Chinese food. Luckily, in 2. __________ international city like New York, I have little difficulty 3. __________(find) a Chinese restaurant. However, the Chinese food, which the locals consider
4. ___________ their favorite, is not exactly the Chinese food I enjoy in Beijing. I can always find such so-called “Chinese food” as honey chicken on the menu,
5. __________ I actually have never even heard of it before.
One day, I went to a Chinese restaurant with my local friends. After the meal, each of us 6. __________(give) a dumpling-shaped cookie. Once I bit into it, I realized something not quite right. I found a piece of paper with a message that read, “This fortune’s no good, try another. ” At first I 7. __________(think) it must be a trick of the restaurant. When I told this to my friends, they burst into
8. __________(laugh) and asked, “Are you really from China ”
But it doesn’t mean there is no place in New York where I can satisfy my stomach. I always head to China Town when I 9. __________(extreme) miss the food of my homeland. 10. ___________(follow) the hot and spicy smell, I can always find the most typical(典型的) Chinese food that excites me in the city.
Ⅳ.语法主题运用
请根据下面汉语提示写一篇小短文。
1. 在回家的路上, 我们看到一个大树枝躺在马路上。(动词-ing形式作宾语补足语)
2. 考虑到它会带来麻烦, 我们决定把它移走。(动词-ing形式分词作原因状语)
3. 在一些过路人的帮助之下, 我们成功地把它移到一边。(with的复合结构)
4. 看到我们的所作所为, 人们为我们热烈鼓掌。(动词-ing形式作时间状语)
