高中英语时文阅读外刊精选精练
专题22
中国汽车工业迎来里程碑式发展
【原文·外刊阅读】
Chinese auto industry hits milestones in 2023, in vivid show of high-quality development
（文章来源：Global Times）
China's vehicle industry reached milestones in 2023, with record production and sales, according to industry data released on Thursday, paving the way for the country to potentially become the world's largest car exporter. The momentous development of China's auto industry is a vivid display of not only the success of China's industrial upgrading, but also the country's vast potential for high-quality development, experts noted. It also offered a powerful rebuttal to narratives of "China economy collapsing" or "China peaking," which are prevalent in the Western world, they said.
China's car output exceeded 30.16 million units in 2023, up 11.6 percent year-on-year, and sales exceeded 30.09 million units, up 12 percent, according to data released by the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM). Both output and sales set new records, according to the CAAM. Cui Dongshu, secretary-general of the China Passenger Car Association, said that the record numbers were a milestone for the Chinese auto industry, but more importantly, underscored vast potential. "The total output and sales figures set new records and also represented the new space for development, which has increased our expectations for market growth and the potential for promoting consumption," Cui told the Global Times on Thursday.
Also crucially, China's auto exports hit 4.91 million, up a whopping 58 percent year-on-year, the CAAM data showed. With such robust figures, China is expected to become the world's biggest car exporter. "It took China 55 years to increase the number of automobile exports from one to 1 million. In 2021, they exceeded 2 million, and in 2023, they reached 4.91 million, approaching 5 million," Fu Bingfeng, executive vice president and secretary-general of the CAAM, was quoted by China Media Group as saying.
Since its start in 1953, China's auto industry has achieved one milestone after another. In 1956, China's first domestically made Jiefang truck rolled off the production line, ending the long history of China being unable to make cars. In 2009, output and sales both exceeded 10 million for the first time, surpassing the US to be the world's biggest car producer and seller, a title China has held for 15 years.
Before 2023, Japan was the world's biggest auto exporter, but data during the year showed that China had overtaken Japan to become the world's top car exporter. With an impressive number of 4.91 million in car exports for the full year, many believe that China surpassed Japan in 2023. Li Yong, a senior research fellow at the China Association of International Trade, said that the record production and sales figures also represented a milestone for China's entire manufacturing industry. "The development of the auto industry is a crucial indicator of a country's manufacturing capabilities and its overall strength," Li told the Global Times on Thursday, noting that the rise of China's auto industry is a microcosm of the rise of China's advanced manufacturing industry and its overall national strength. More than just record production and sales numbers, China's auto industry is steadily rising to the top in terms of technologies, particularly in the new-energy vehicle (NEV) industry, experts noted.
In 2023, China exported 1.203 million NEVs, up 77.6 percent year-on-year, according to the CAAM. China became the world's largest source for patents in the area of electric vehicle powertrain batteries in the second quarter of 2023, according to GlobalData, an industry data provider. In September, Chinese NEV makers dominated an auto show in Munich, Germany, drawing global headlines. In the fourth quarter of 2023, Chinese carmaker BYD Co overtook US-based Tesla Inc to become the world's biggest electric carmaker. The rise of the NEV industry is a microcosm of the achievements made in China's upgrade of its vast manufacturing industry, export sector and domestic market - all crucial to China's high-quality development, experts said.
Li said that China's robust NEV sector also propelled the country's pursuit of renewable energies and green development, and supported the upgrade of China's export industry. "NEVs became one of the top 'new three items' of China's exports, with the other two being batteries and solar panels. It also highlighted China's booming digital economy and high-quality development," Li said.
【原创·阅读理解】
1.What milestones did China's vehicle industry achieve in 2023, according to the industry data released on Thursday
A. Record production and sales.
B. Becoming the world's largest car producer.
C. Overtaking the US as the world's biggest car exporter.
D. Achieving breakthroughs in electric vehicle technologies.
【答案】A
【解析】
根据文章，中国汽车工业在2023年取得了生产和销售的历史性成就，创下了记录。故选A项。
2.What is the significance of China's auto industry reaching milestones in 2023, according to experts
A. It indicates China's decline in industrial upgrading.
B. It suggests China's potential for high-quality development.
C. It highlights China's struggle with economic collapse.
D. It confirms China's decline in the global car market.
【答案】B
【解析】
文章中指出，中国汽车工业在2023年取得里程碑式的发展，不仅表明了中国工业升级的成功，还显示了中国高质量发展的巨大潜力。故选B项。
3.What area of China's auto industry showed significant progress in 2023, and how is it considered a microcosm of China's overall achievements
A. Traditional car production; it reflects China's advanced manufacturing industry.
B. New-energy vehicle (NEV) industry; it mirrors China's upgrade of its manufacturing industry.
C. Car exports; it represents China's booming digital economy.
D. Battery manufacturing; it indicates China's high-quality development.
【答案】B
【解析】
文章中提到，中国汽车工业在2023年取得了新能源汽车（NEV）行业的显著进展，这被认为是中国整体成就的一个缩影，尤其是在制造业的升级方面。故选B项。
【精选·名校好题】
Ⅰ
（2024·重庆南开中学联考）In July 1915, severely tortured by his poor health, James Murray, one of the early editors of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), defined one final word. After his 36 years’ dedication to the dictionary, his hard labour had taken a toll, knowing he would not see the project complete.
The poetic quality of Murray’s final days is one of the many memorable tales in The Dictionary People. Beginning in 1857, the OED was a huge crowdsourcing project - “the Wikipedia of the 19th century” - comprising 3, 000 people. The idea was to create a “descriptive” dictionary that tracked words’ use and meaning over time, unlike its “prescriptive”18th-century predecessor by Samuel Johnson, which told readers how to say and use words. Volunteers read widely, mailing in examples of how “rare, old-fashioned, new, strange” words were used. What is surprising about this fairly random method is that it worked.
The origin story of Sarah Ogilvie’s book is almost as improbable as that of the dictionary itself. Ms Ogilvie, a former scholar who served as an editor for the OED, went into the documents of Oxford University Press and came across an old notebook. It had belonged to Murray and contained the names and details of the dictionary volunteers, most of whom had previously been unknown. The Dictionary People is her work of detective scholarship, bringing the lives behind the names to readers.
Ms Ogilvie’s book is full of intriguing stories. The presentation of the book is unconventional, too, taking its structure from the work it describes. There are 26 alphabetical chapters, each celebrating a group of contributors ( memorably, “K” is for “kleptomaniac” people who desire to steal). This is a clever arrangement, though it sometimes means that broader issues emerge only in pieces.
Essentially, this is a story about ordinary people. It is concrete proof of those who, to cite dictionary-helper George Eliot, “lived faithfully a hidden life, and rest in unvisited tombs”.
9．What does the underlined expression “taken a toll” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Paid off.
B．Proved in vain.
C．Worn out the passion.
D．Had a harmful effect.
10．What can we learn about the Oxford English Dictionary
A．It serves as an example of dictionary editing.
B．It provides precise directions for word usage.
C．It is a cooperative work of many volunteers.
D．It was edited with the help of Samuel Johnson.
11．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The story behind Sarah Ogilvie’s book.
B．The detective methods of Sarah Ogilvie.
C．Legends of the early OED editors.
D．Murray’s role in editing the OED．
12．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A review of a book.
B．A biography of an editor.
C．An essay on dictionary editing.
D．An introduction to a dictionary.
【答案】9．D 10．C 11．A 12．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对Ogilvie女士的书的评论及介绍了第一部牛津字典的形成及背后的人对它的重大贡献。
9．词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“After his 36 years’ dedication to the dictionary, his hard labour had ...”(在他36年致力于编纂词典之后，他的辛勤劳动......。)及最后一句“knowing he would not see the project complete.”(因为他不会看到项目完成。)可知，因为他不会看到项目完成，所以在他36年致力于编纂词典之后，他的辛勤劳动没有产生明显的效果。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Beginning in 1857, the OED was a huge crowdsourcing project - “the Wikipedia of the 19th century” - comprising 3, 000 people.”（从1857年开始，牛津英语词典是一个庞大的众包项目—“19世纪的维基百科”—由3000人组成。）及第二段倒数第二句“Volunteers read widely, mailing in examples of how “rare, old-fashioned, new, strange” words were used.”（志愿者们广泛阅读，邮寄“稀有、老式、新、奇怪”单词的使用示例。）可知，这是许多志愿者的合作工作。故选C项。
11．段落大意题。根据第三段“ Ms Ogilvie, a former scholar who served as an editor for the OED, went into the documents of Oxford University Press and came across an old notebook. It had belonged to Murray and contained the names and details of the dictionary volunteers, most of whom had previously been unknown. The Dictionary People is her work of detective scholarship, bringing the lives behind the names to readers.”（曾担任《牛津英语词典》编辑的学者Ogilvie女士查阅了牛津大学出版社的文件，发现了一本旧笔记本。它属于默里，包含了词典志愿者的姓名和详细信息，其中大多数人以前都不知道。《人物词典》是她的侦探学术作品，将名字背后的生活带给读者。）可知，这段讲的是Sarah Ogilvie的书背后的故事。故选A项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Essentially, this is a story about ordinary people. It is concrete proof of those who, to cite dictionary-helper George Eliot, “lived faithfully a hidden life, and rest in unvisited tombs”.(本质上，这是一个关于普通人的故事。用词典助手乔治·艾略特的话来说，这是这些人“忠实地过着隐秘的生活，安息在无人问津的坟墓里”的具体证据。)”结合文章讲述了对Ogilvie女士的书的评论及介绍了第一部牛津字典的形成及背后的人对它的重大贡献。可知，这篇文章可能选自书评。故选A项。
Ⅱ
（2023·盐城田家炳中学联考）The needs of plus size consumers have long been the elephant in the room of the fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted the slogan (口号) that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. This size-inclusive (尺码包容) trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture. As a result, fashion brands have finally decided to extend their size ranges. In 2022, the plus-size market grew twice as fast as the standard size market in both North America and the UK.
Yet, many consumers say fashion brands broadening their ranges are not truly inclusive. “Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,” says Marie Southard Ospina, a UK-based journalist who covers body-image issues. “However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.”
Researchers also criticize that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend. “Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Tom Burgess, analyst in fashion industry. “If brands cared about large-bodied consumers, then it wouldn’t have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,” he says. “It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real commitment to the community.”
The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body -diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers. That involves showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands. “Consumers care about values, and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion options,” says Ludovica Cesareo, professor of marketing at the College of Business in the US.
13．What do the underlined words “the elephant in the room” mean in the first paragraph
A．The hot issue that is valued.
B．The obvious truth that is ignored.
C．The important principle that is recognized.
D．The common phenomenon that is criticized.
14．Why do consumers say fashion brands are not truly inclusive
A．They pick sizes randomly.
B．They offer limited plus sizes.
C．They treat designers disrespectfully.
D．They haven’t broadened standard sizes.
15．For what do researchers mainly criticize some brands
A．Their designs. B．Their quality.
C．Their motivations. D．Their advertisements.
16．What does the last paragraph imply
A．Buyers may deserve fashion that fits their figure.
B．Consumers prefer brands with personalized values.
C．Brands should catch up with the size-inclusive trend.
D．A good brand image is critical in the fashion industry.
【答案】13．B 14．B 15．C 16．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了很多品牌推出了加码衣服，却只是为了迎合尺码包容这一趋势，而并非真正的满足客户的需要。品牌如果真的想要取得成功，就需要关心消费者的价值观。
13．词义猜测题。根据文章划线短语the elephant in the room后的内容“until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted the slogan (口号) that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind.(直到身体积极性和脂肪接受运动推动了这一口号，身材魁梧的人并应该被抛在后面。)”可知，新的口号的是身材魁梧的人并应该被抛诸脑后，故这些人原来一直是被忽视的，且根据划线词the elephant(大象)可知，此处划线词意思与B项“被忽视的明显的事实”意思相近，故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第二段““Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,” says Marie Southard Ospina, a UK-based journalist who covers body-image issues. “However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.”(报道身体形象问题的英国记者Marie Southard Ospina说道：“包容性的尺码意味着所有的身体都包含在时尚内，而不是仅仅符合那些标准尺码的身体。然而，许多设计师现在所做的仅仅是选择一个他们认为足够大的尺寸。这是极其不尊重人的”。)”可知，消费者认为世上品牌并不是真正的包容性，是因为他们只提供那些符合标准尺码的身体，而不适合所有的身体，故其提供的大码是有限的，故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““If brands cared about large-bodied consumers, then it wouldn’t have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,” he says. “It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real commitment to the community.”(他说道：“如果品牌关心大码消费者，那么它就不会直到现在才承认他们的存在。这给人的印象就是，公司只是想要在市场上占有一席之地，而不是真正的对社区做出承诺。”)”可知，研究者批评一些品牌是因为一些品牌并不是真正地关心大码消费者，而只是为了在市场上占有一定的位置，迎合趋势而已，故是因为品牌的动机而批评他们，故选C。
16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Consumers care about values, and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion options,” says Ludovica Cesareo, professor of marketing at the College of Business in the US.(美国商学院市场营销教授Ludovica Cesareo说道：“消费者关心价值，因此他们想要从反映他们所信仰的价值观的品牌那里购买东西。每个人都应该享受同样的时尚选择”。)”可推知，消费者在乎自己的价值观是否在品牌那里体现出来，因此他们更喜欢能体现自己价值观的品牌，故选B。高中英语时文阅读外刊精选精练
专题22
中国汽车工业迎来里程碑式发展
【原文·外刊阅读】
Chinese auto industry hits milestones in 2023, in vivid show of high-quality development
（文章来源：Global Times）
China's vehicle industry reached milestones in 2023, with record production and sales, according to industry data released on Thursday, paving the way for the country to potentially become the world's largest car exporter. The momentous development of China's auto industry is a vivid display of not only the success of China's industrial upgrading, but also the country's vast potential for high-quality development, experts noted. It also offered a powerful rebuttal to narratives of "China economy collapsing" or "China peaking," which are prevalent in the Western world, they said.
China's car output exceeded 30.16 million units in 2023, up 11.6 percent year-on-year, and sales exceeded 30.09 million units, up 12 percent, according to data released by the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM). Both output and sales set new records, according to the CAAM. Cui Dongshu, secretary-general of the China Passenger Car Association, said that the record numbers were a milestone for the Chinese auto industry, but more importantly, underscored vast potential. "The total output and sales figures set new records and also represented the new space for development, which has increased our expectations for market growth and the potential for promoting consumption," Cui told the Global Times on Thursday.
Also crucially, China's auto exports hit 4.91 million, up a whopping 58 percent year-on-year, the CAAM data showed. With such robust figures, China is expected to become the world's biggest car exporter. "It took China 55 years to increase the number of automobile exports from one to 1 million. In 2021, they exceeded 2 million, and in 2023, they reached 4.91 million, approaching 5 million," Fu Bingfeng, executive vice president and secretary-general of the CAAM, was quoted by China Media Group as saying.
Since its start in 1953, China's auto industry has achieved one milestone after another. In 1956, China's first domestically made Jiefang truck rolled off the production line, ending the long history of China being unable to make cars. In 2009, output and sales both exceeded 10 million for the first time, surpassing the US to be the world's biggest car producer and seller, a title China has held for 15 years.
Before 2023, Japan was the world's biggest auto exporter, but data during the year showed that China had overtaken Japan to become the world's top car exporter. With an impressive number of 4.91 million in car exports for the full year, many believe that China surpassed Japan in 2023. Li Yong, a senior research fellow at the China Association of International Trade, said that the record production and sales figures also represented a milestone for China's entire manufacturing industry. "The development of the auto industry is a crucial indicator of a country's manufacturing capabilities and its overall strength," Li told the Global Times on Thursday, noting that the rise of China's auto industry is a microcosm of the rise of China's advanced manufacturing industry and its overall national strength. More than just record production and sales numbers, China's auto industry is steadily rising to the top in terms of technologies, particularly in the new-energy vehicle (NEV) industry, experts noted.
In 2023, China exported 1.203 million NEVs, up 77.6 percent year-on-year, according to the CAAM. China became the world's largest source for patents in the area of electric vehicle powertrain batteries in the second quarter of 2023, according to GlobalData, an industry data provider. In September, Chinese NEV makers dominated an auto show in Munich, Germany, drawing global headlines. In the fourth quarter of 2023, Chinese carmaker BYD Co overtook US-based Tesla Inc to become the world's biggest electric carmaker. The rise of the NEV industry is a microcosm of the achievements made in China's upgrade of its vast manufacturing industry, export sector and domestic market - all crucial to China's high-quality development, experts said.
Li said that China's robust NEV sector also propelled the country's pursuit of renewable energies and green development, and supported the upgrade of China's export industry. "NEVs became one of the top 'new three items' of China's exports, with the other two being batteries and solar panels. It also highlighted China's booming digital economy and high-quality development," Li said.
【原创·阅读理解】
1.What milestones did China's vehicle industry achieve in 2023, according to the industry data released on Thursday
A. Record production and sales.
B. Becoming the world's largest car producer.
C. Overtaking the US as the world's biggest car exporter.
D. Achieving breakthroughs in electric vehicle technologies.
2.What is the significance of China's auto industry reaching milestones in 2023, according to experts
A. It indicates China's decline in industrial upgrading.
B. It suggests China's potential for high-quality development.
C. It highlights China's struggle with economic collapse.
D. It confirms China's decline in the global car market.
3.What area of China's auto industry showed significant progress in 2023, and how is it considered a microcosm of China's overall achievements
A. Traditional car production; it reflects China's advanced manufacturing industry.
B. New-energy vehicle (NEV) industry; it mirrors China's upgrade of its manufacturing industry.
C. Car exports; it represents China's booming digital economy.
D. Battery manufacturing; it indicates China's high-quality development.
【精选·名校好题】
Ⅰ
（2024·重庆南开中学联考）In July 1915, severely tortured by his poor health, James Murray, one of the early editors of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), defined one final word. After his 36 years’ dedication to the dictionary, his hard labour had taken a toll, knowing he would not see the project complete.
The poetic quality of Murray’s final days is one of the many memorable tales in The Dictionary People. Beginning in 1857, the OED was a huge crowdsourcing project - “the Wikipedia of the 19th century” - comprising 3, 000 people. The idea was to create a “descriptive” dictionary that tracked words’ use and meaning over time, unlike its “prescriptive”18th-century predecessor by Samuel Johnson, which told readers how to say and use words. Volunteers read widely, mailing in examples of how “rare, old-fashioned, new, strange” words were used. What is surprising about this fairly random method is that it worked.
The origin story of Sarah Ogilvie’s book is almost as improbable as that of the dictionary itself. Ms Ogilvie, a former scholar who served as an editor for the OED, went into the documents of Oxford University Press and came across an old notebook. It had belonged to Murray and contained the names and details of the dictionary volunteers, most of whom had previously been unknown. The Dictionary People is her work of detective scholarship, bringing the lives behind the names to readers.
Ms Ogilvie’s book is full of intriguing stories. The presentation of the book is unconventional, too, taking its structure from the work it describes. There are 26 alphabetical chapters, each celebrating a group of contributors ( memorably, “K” is for “kleptomaniac” people who desire to steal). This is a clever arrangement, though it sometimes means that broader issues emerge only in pieces.
Essentially, this is a story about ordinary people. It is concrete proof of those who, to cite dictionary-helper George Eliot, “lived faithfully a hidden life, and rest in unvisited tombs”.
9．What does the underlined expression “taken a toll” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Paid off.
B．Proved in vain.
C．Worn out the passion.
D．Had a harmful effect.
10．What can we learn about the Oxford English Dictionary
A．It serves as an example of dictionary editing.
B．It provides precise directions for word usage.
C．It is a cooperative work of many volunteers.
D．It was edited with the help of Samuel Johnson.
11．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The story behind Sarah Ogilvie’s book.
B．The detective methods of Sarah Ogilvie.
C．Legends of the early OED editors.
D．Murray’s role in editing the OED．
12．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A review of a book.
B．A biography of an editor.
C．An essay on dictionary editing.
D．An introduction to a dictionary.
Ⅱ
（2023·盐城田家炳中学联考）The needs of plus size consumers have long been the elephant in the room of the fashion industry until body positivity and fat acceptance movements promoted the slogan (口号) that large-bodied people are not those who are left behind. This size-inclusive (尺码包容) trend has become so popular that it is influencing mainstream culture. As a result, fashion brands have finally decided to extend their size ranges. In 2022, the plus-size market grew twice as fast as the standard size market in both North America and the UK.
Yet, many consumers say fashion brands broadening their ranges are not truly inclusive. “Inclusive sizing means that all bodies are included in fashion, not just the ones who fit in standard sizes,” says Marie Southard Ospina, a UK-based journalist who covers body-image issues. “However, what many designers do right now is pick a number that they think is big enough to include plus sizes and stop. This is even more disrespectful.”
Researchers also criticize that some brands are just taking advantage of the trend. “Brands that used to promote so-called perfect bodies in their advertisements are now trying to get in on the trend by adding a few sizes. It doesn’t feel like they really care about plus-size people,” says Tom Burgess, analyst in fashion industry. “If brands cared about large-bodied consumers, then it wouldn’t have taken until now to acknowledge that they exist,” he says. “It gives the impression that companies are just trying to gain a share of the market without a real commitment to the community.”
The fashion industry must go beyond merely producing clothing in a range of sizes if they hope to succeed with a body -diverse world. The whole industry has to connect on a personal level with consumers. That involves showing shoppers that they are seen, understood and important to brands. “Consumers care about values, and so they want to buy from brands that reflect the values they believe in. Everyone should enjoy the same range of fashion options,” says Ludovica Cesareo, professor of marketing at the College of Business in the US.
13．What do the underlined words “the elephant in the room” mean in the first paragraph
A．The hot issue that is valued.
B．The obvious truth that is ignored.
C．The important principle that is recognized.
D．The common phenomenon that is criticized.
14．Why do consumers say fashion brands are not truly inclusive
A．They pick sizes randomly.
B．They offer limited plus sizes.
C．They treat designers disrespectfully.
D．They haven’t broadened standard sizes.
15．For what do researchers mainly criticize some brands
A．Their designs. B．Their quality.
C．Their motivations. D．Their advertisements.
16．What does the last paragraph imply
A．Buyers may deserve fashion that fits their figure.
B．Consumers prefer brands with personalized values.
C．Brands should catch up with the size-inclusive trend.
D．A good brand image is critical in the fashion industry.
