2024中考英语二轮专题考点帮（8份打包，含答案）

考点 1 名 词
【中考考查重点】
名词词义辨析；
名词的数；
名词的主谓一致；
名词所有格。
一、名词的分类
专有名词 人名、地名、国名 London伦敦，Tom汤姆，the Great Wall长城，Asia亚洲
书名、电影名、各种标语 Spider Man 《蜘蛛侠》
机构、组织、团体 UNESCO联合国教科文组织， Beijing University北京大学
月份、星期、节日 Monday星期一，National day国庆节
普通名词 可数 名词 个体名词：girl，apple，city，nurse
集体名词：people（人们），family（家庭）
不可数 名词 物质类：water，oil，paper 不可数名词做主语时谓语动词用单数
抽象类：happiness，health
【知识拓展】 集体名词的分类： 本身是复数，如，cattle牛群，people人们，police警察。 本身单复数均可表示，如audience观众，class班级，club俱乐部，company公司， family家庭，group组，team队（当这一类词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于其表示的具体含义，如果作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指的是具体成员，则谓语动词用复数形式） family做个体名词时表示家庭成员、家人；做集体名词时表示家庭。 e.g. two families 两个家庭 Our family are very friendly. 我们的家人都很友好 The family is the basic unit of society. 家庭是构成社会的基本单位。 My family are going on a trip this summer. 我们全家今年夏天要外出旅游。
二、可数名词
1、可数名词变复数的规则变化 ① 一般情况下直接+s：egg→eggs，banana→bananas ② 以e结尾+s：eye→eyes ③ 以-s，-sh，-ch，-x结尾+es：watch→watches，box→boxes ④ 以辅音字母加y结尾，去y+ies：family → families ⑤ 以f或fe结尾，去f或fe+ves：self→selves，wolf→wolves，leaf→leaves ⑥ 以o结尾的： 有生命+es：hore→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes，negro→negroes 无生命+s：photo→photos， 【知识拓展】 ① Kangaroo→Kangaroos（袋鼠+s） ② 以ch结尾的名词：ch发音为/k/的名词，其复数形式直接在词尾加-s，e.g. stomach→stomachs
2、不规则变化 ① 变元音：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet ② 不规则：child→children，mouse→mice，goose→geese ③ 只有复数形式：trousers、scissors、pants、glasses、shoes 【知识拓展】 ① 以下单词为单复数同形：fish，sheep，deer，Chinese，Japanese （fish表示的种类可数，e.g. five fishes 五种鱼） （关于“某国人”的单复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s后面添 e.g. Englishman→Englishmen，Frenchman→Frenchmen，American→Americans，Australian→Australians，Canadian→Canadians） ② 有些名词表面为复数形式，实为单数。 e.g. Maths数学，Physics物理，politics政治，news新闻，the United Nations 联合国 ③ 还有一些单词做可数名词和不可数名词时意思不同，e.g. work做可数名词意为“作品”，做不可数名词意为“工作” experience做可数名词意为“经历”，做不可数名词意为“经验”
3、复合名词变复数 ① 有man、woman修饰时： 一个男老师 a man teacher→ 两个男老师 two men teachers 一个女医生 a woman doctor→两个女医生 two women doctors ② 其余的把最后一个名词变复数： 一个信箱a mail box → 两个信箱two mail boxes 一棵梨树 a pear tree → 两颗梨树 two pear trees
三、不可数名词
1、不可数名词做主语，谓语动词用单三。
2、用量词修饰不可数名词
e.g. 一瓶水 a bottle of water → 两瓶水 two bottles of water （此时谓语动词用复数）
一张纸 a piece of paper → 五张纸 five pieces of paper
3、不可数名词的其他用法
（1）常见的不可数名词 不能用具体的数字来表示： cotton棉花，food食物，hair头发，health健康，ice冰，wind风
（2）可转化为可数名词的物资名称 ① 有些物质名词在表达个体概念时，是可数名词： rain雨→a rain一场雨，wind风→a wind一阵风， beer啤酒→a beer一杯啤酒，paper纸→a paper一份论文 ② 有些物质名词的复数形式表示特殊含义： Water水→waters海域，wood木头→woods森林，custom习惯→customs海关
（3）可转化为可数名词的抽象名词 抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时，被视为可数名词，可与不定冠词连用，也可有复数形式，表示＂某种人或事＂。 disappointment失望→a disappointment令人失望的事， experience经验→an experience 一次经历， success成功→a success成功的人或事
（4）可转化为可数名词的专有名词 有的专有名词也可以用作可数名词，可以由不定冠词修饰，也可有复数形式。e.g. A Mr. Black is waiting for you. 一个叫布莱克的先生在等你。
【易错警示】 某些不可数名词，有形容词修饰时，之前常加不定冠词。 a deep love 深深的爱，a good education 良好的教育，a good time 一段美好时光， a heavy fog 一场浓雾，a long silence 长时间沉寂，a rich dinner 一顿丰盛的晚餐
四、名词所有格
1、有生命的名词所有格 ① 一般情况下直接+’s：我爸爸的书 my father’s book ② 以s结尾的复数名词+’：他们爸爸的工作 their fathers’ job，教师节 Teachers’ Day ③ 不以s结尾的复数名词+’s：儿童节 Children’s Day ④ 几人共有的东西在最后一个名词后+’s：莉莉和艾米(共同)的房间Lily and Amy’s room ⑤ 几人分别有的东西每个名词后+’s：莉莉和艾米(不同)的房间Lily’s and Amy’s room ⑥ 所有格表示某人的家：我叔叔家 my uncle’s
2、无生命的名词所有格用of e.g. 中国的历史 the history of China，at the end of this term 但表时间、距离、世界、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命的名词直接在词尾加-’s或-’。e.g. five minutes’ walk 五分钟的路程
3、双重所有格 表示所属物的名词前有冠词（a/an），数词（one，two...），不定代词（some，all，any...），物主代词（my，your...），指示代词（this，that...时，常用＂of +’s所有格＂形式，即双重所有格来表示所属关系。 e.g. my dad’s friend = a friend of my dad’s我爸爸的朋友 a photo of my sister’s 我妹妹的一张照片 this book of my classmate’s 我同学的这本书
五、名词的句法功能
序号 功能 例句
1 作主语 Newspapers are useful. 报纸有用。
2 作宾语 Have you received my letter 你收到我的信了吗？（作动词的宾语） The books are on the desk. 书在桌子上。（作介词的宾语）
3 作表语 Time is money. 时间就是金钱。
4 作补足语 We made him manager of the company. 我们选他当公司的经理。
5 作同位语 You students go first. 你们学生先走。
6 作状语 We’ll meet next Sunday. 我们下周日见。
7 作定语 I am an English teacher. 我是一位英语老师。
【知识扩展】 名词作定语一般用其单数形式。 e.g. a paper bag纸袋，a shoe shop鞋店，a football fan球迷 有些常以复数形式出现的名词作定语时用复数形式。 e.g. a clothes shop服装店，a glasses store眼镜店，a goods train货运列车 数词加名词构成的形容词（中间有连字符）作定语时，名词常使用单数形式。 e.g. a five-year-old boy 一个三岁的男孩，a 500-metre-long rope 一条五百米的绳子 所有格作定语和名词直接作定语的区别： 名词所有格作定语时，表示的是所有关系，即归谁所有。 e.g. Tom’s books 汤姆的书（汤姆和书之间是所属关系，即书是汤姆的）。 而名词直接作定语时，与被修饰的名词之间没有所属关系，如：shoe shop鞋店
名词练习题
考点一 可数名词
单项填空
The __________ is my favourite fruit.
A. biscuit B. sausage C. strawberry D. chocolate
Put on the___，or you can't see the 3D film clearly.
A. glasses B. gloves C. hat D. sweater
—In China，we use red paper for hongbao because red means good luck.
—That's interesting! l want to know all the Chinese __________.
A. traditions B. sentences C. notices D. problems
Your leg looks really bad! I think you should send for a ________ about that.
A. pilot B. doctor C. singer D. postman
Hi，Mom is a moving film. It has been on for several months in the ________.
A. museum B. bank C. library D. cinema
His father is a great __________ in Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan. He is so busy that he hasn't had a good rest for several months.
A. actor B. singer C. violinist D. doctor
One __________ of the book is missing，so I can't learn the whole story.
A. copy B. page C. writer D. reader
My people，My country is a famous movie，and I have seen it twice in the
A. bank B. cinema C. supermarket D. library
考点二 不可数名词
单项填空
His beautiful music has brought __________ to people all over the world.
A. difficulty B. pleasure C. weather D. danger
Zhang Guimei started the first free senior high school for girls to help get an __________in Lijiang，Yunnan.
A. education B. invitation C. information D. imagination
Maria is full of __________ because she takes exercise every day.
A. energy B. talent C. humour D. wealth
Would you send me some __________ of yours I miss you very much
A. magazine B. photos C. money D. advice
Kate is so shy that she doesn't have __________ to sing in public.
A. power B. courage C. energy D. time
If the temperature is below o℃，water will turn into ________ the open air.
A. ice B. steam C. fog D. rain
---Can you tell me the __________ of the sweater
---Yes，it's ￥125.
A. color B. price C. shape
---Why do Chinese people like red
---Because the colour red is the __________ of good luck in China.
A. reason B. hope C. dream D. symbol
考点三 名词所有格
单项填空
Excuse me，is the museum far from here -—No，it's about __________.
A. 5 minutes walk B. 5 minute walk C. 5 minutes' walk D. 5 minute's walk
There are many __________ teachers in this primary school.
A. woman B. woman's C. women D. women's
The woman in a hat is __________ aunt.
A. Jack and John B. Jack's and John C. Jack's and John's D. Jack and John's
---What would you like to drink，girls
--- __________, please.
A. Two glass of water B. Two glass of waters C. Two cups of tea D. Two cups of teas
Today is September 10th. It's __________ Day. Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
A. Teachers B. Teachers' C. the Teachers' D. Teacher's
They are those __________ bags. Please put them on the bus.
A. visitor B. visitors C. visitor's D. visitors'
—How soon shall we start the bicycle trip
__________
A. In five day's time. B. In five days' time. C. In five days time. D. For five days.
You needn't wait for Tom any longer. He must be having supper at __________.
A. the Smith's B. the Smiths' C. the Smiths D. Smiths
考点四 名词的主谓一致
单项填空
The twins __________ fond of the new idea in the magazine article.
A. be B. am C. is D. are
There __________ two dictionaries on the bookcase. You can use either of them.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
A lot of foreigners __________ familiar with the famous places of interest in China.
A.am B. is C. are D. be
Neither Tom nor I __________ interested in playing WeChat.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
---Why are you walking so quickly，Edward
---There __________ a talent show in ten minutes.
A. will have B. will be C. is going to have D. are going to be
The number of the students in our class __________ 50. And a number of them __________ English.
A. is; like B. are; like C. is; likes D. are; likes
John as well as his classmates ________ doing their homework from 6 to 7 yesterday evening.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
The population of the city _______ very large，and one third of the population _______ farmers.
A. are; are B. is; are C. are; is D. is; is
综合练习
一、单项填空
Put it down，Jim. You mustn't read __________ letter.
A. else anyone's B. anyone else's C. anyone's else D. anyone else
In North America，you cannot stand too close to people. Give them more personal __________.
A. fun B. space C. time D. information
If you have __________ in learning something，you'll be able to learn it well.
A. interest B. habit C. hobby D. result
we can see the __________ on their faces when they talk about the great achievements in the past few years.
A. pride B. regret C. ability D. attention
After years of war，the people in Syria are thirsty for __________.
A. price B. noise C. peace D. course
The __________ between Dalian and Beijing only takes about an hour.
A. flight B. plane C. transport D. distance
Could you give me some __________ on how to spend the coming holiday
A. knowledge B. hobbies C. suggestions D. information
Sally has made big __________ in Chinese. She can even understand Beijing Opera very well.
A. memories B. vocabulary C. decisions D. progress
二、用所给词适当形式填空
A Chinese father made some nice dresses for his daughter with his ____________ old shirts. (wife)
Would you mind giving me some ____________ on how to plant trees (advice)
More and more students have realised the ____________ of good habits. (important)
I haven't got the ____________ to Daming's birthday. I'm a little sad. (invite)
A music ____________ is going to be held in our city. Would you like to join in it (compete)
Mr. Smith has made a ____________ to raise money to help the poor. (decide)
To be a ____________ ，you have to be knowledgeable and hard-working. (science)
The ____________ on the tree turn yellow in autumn. (leaf)
It 's about three ____________ ride by high-speed rail from Dalian to Shenyang. (hour).
Our teacher is very angry with your brother because he made many ____________ in his homework. (mistake)
考点 1 名 词参考答案
考点一 1~4 CAAB 5~8 DDBB
考点二 1~4 BAAB 5~8 BABD
考点三 1~4 CCDC 5~8 BDBB
考点四 1~4 DCCA 5~8 BACB
综合练习
1~4 BBAA 5~8 CACD
1. wife's 2. advice 3. importance 4. invitattion 5. competition
6. decision 7. scientist 8. leaves 9. hours’ 10. mistakes
2 / 2考点 2 数 词
【中考考查重点】
1. 基数词
2. 序数词
3. 分数
一、基数词
1、基数词的单位 hundred百，thousand千，million百万，billion十亿 ① 用法：有数字无s，有of一定有s ② 一些特殊单位的表达： 一千万：ten million 一亿：100 million 16亿：1.6 billion 几百：several hundred（several相当于一个数字）
2、编号的表达 ① 公交车：16路公交车→bus No.16 ② 房间号：202房间→room 202
3、时间表达法 【时刻】 1:20 → one twenty，twenty past one 1:50 → one fifty，ten to two 1:30 → one thirty，half past one 1:15 → one fifteen，a quarter past one 【时段】 1.5小时 → one (an) hour and a half，one and a half hours
4、日期表达法 【日期】（月/日/年）2022年1月12号 → January 12th ,2022（类似用法：你他我/ 231） 【年代和世纪】 在21世纪：in the twenty-first century 在20世纪20年代：in the 2020s
6、单位（度量衡） e.g. 5公斤 → 5 kilos bananas
【易错题】 --- _____B_____ banana do you want --- 5 kilos. A. How many B. How much
二、序数词
基数词和序数词的转换
基数词 序数词 次数
1 one first once
2 two second twice
3 three third three times
4 four fourth four times
5 five fifth …
6 six sixth
7 seven seventh
8 eight eighth
9 nine ninth
10 ten tenth
11 eleven eleventh
12 twelve twelfth
13 thirteen thirteenth
14 fourteen fourteenth
15 fifteen fifteenth
16 sixteen sixteenth
17 seventeen seventeenth
18 eighteen eighteenth
19 nineteen nineteenth
20 twenty twentieth
三、分数和倍数
1、分数表达法 口诀：子基母序，当分子大于1时分母+3 e.g. → one third， → two thirds， → a half， → a quarter， → three quarters
2、倍数表达法 例句：我的房子是你的三倍大。 ① My house is three times as big as yours. n + be + 数字 + times + as + adj + as +… ② My house is three times the size of yours. n + be + 数字 + times + 单位 + of +… ③ My house is twice larger than yours. n + be + （倍数-1）+ times + 比较级 + than + …
四、特殊用法
① 一个几岁的孩子 （注意：8/11/18）：一个八岁的孩子→an eight-year-old boy
② 在某人几岁的时候：in one’s 整十的基数词的复数：在他50岁的时候→in his fifties
③ 带数字的所有格做定语：十分钟的路程→ten-minute walk = ten minutes’ walk
注意：How long提问用ten minutes回答；How far提问用ten minutes’ walk回答。
数词练习题
单项填空
(2021天水中考) ---What's twenty and fifty
---It's __________.
A. fifty B. seventy C. eighty D. ninety
( 2021广西中考)China's National day comes in October，the __________ month of the year.
A. eighth B. ninth C. tenth D. eleventh
(2019丹东中考) ---Which floor do you live on，Bob
---l live on the __________ floor. There are_floors in our building.
twelfth; twenty B. twelfth; twentieth C. twelve; twenty D. twelve; twentieth
(2019鞍山中考) __________ of people from all over the world visit the Palace Museum every year.
A. Two million B. Millions C. Two millions D. Million
(2018广东中考)According to a survey，four out of five women do housework at home，but only __________ of men would do it.
A. four fifth B. fourth fifths C. two fifth D. two fifths
Christmas Day is on __________ of December.
A. twenty-five B. the twenty-five C. twenty-fifth D. the twenty-fifth
(2018黄冈中考)---Dad，about __________ of our classmates wear glasses.
---Oh，that's terrible. You should take good care of your eyes.
A. three fourth B. third fourth C. third fourths D. three quarters
As we know，Monday is the __________ day of the week in America.
A. first B. second C. third D. two
Though he is a __________ boy，he knows a lot.
A. five-year-old B. five years old C. five-years-old D. five year old
Although 1 have failed three times，I still decide to have a __________ try.
A. four B. fourth C. fifth D. five
综合练习
用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
If you want to visit Mr. Li，please go to the ____________ . floor. (eight)
On his ____________ birthday, he received his favourite toy car. (nine)
One of the greatest Chinese writers of the ____________ century is Lao She. (twenty)
If you want to see old machines，go to the ____________ floor. (four)
Mary is preparing for a party to celebrate her sister's ____________ birthday. (twelve)
He seems to have the ____________ sense for knowing that his brother will win. (six)
We are very proud that a student from our school has won the ____________ prize. (one)
They have been to the Science Museum ____________ so far. (two)
The great book A Dream in Red Mansions is read by ____________ of people every year. (million)
My grandpa began to use a computer in his ____________. (sixty)
考点 2 数 词参考答案
1~5 BCABD 6～10 DDBAB
综合练习:
1.eighth 2. ninth 3. twentieth 4. fourth 5. twelfth
6. sixth 7. first 8. twice 9. millions 10. sixth
2 / 2考点 3 冠 词
【中考考查重点】
冠词的用法；
不用冠词的情况；
冠词的位置。
一、不定冠词
1、区分
a 辅音音素开头的名词
an 以a, e, i, o开头的名词 除了European
字母u 当发字母u本身音时 a university，a useful book
当不发u音 an umbrella，an unusual thing
字母h 当h不发音用an an hour，an honest boy
当h发/h/音用a a happy family
2、当表达“有一个字母X”
a：b c d g j k p q t u v w y z
an：a e f h i l m n o r s x
3、固定短语中的不定冠词
have a try 试一下 have a look 看一看 have a good time 玩得高兴 have a headache 头痛 have a good sleep 好好睡一觉 go for a walk 散步 take a bath 洗澡 wait a moment 等一会 with an effort 努力地 as a result 因此 once in a while 偶尔 for a moment/ while 一会儿 in a hurry 匆忙地 do sb a favour 帮某人忙 at a time 每次 once upon a time 从前 in a word 总之
二、定冠词
用法总结：
1 用于特指某（些）人或某（些）事物 The cellphone is on the table. 手机在桌子上。
2 用于复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用＂a或an＂，以后再次提到用＂the＂） Jim lives in a small village. In the village, there is an old tree. 吉姆住在一个小村庄里。村庄里有棵老树。
3 用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物 What is the president doing about all this 对于这些事情，总统正在做什么？
4 用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前
5 用在序数词和形容词最高级前 Spring is the first season of a year. 春季是一年中的第一个季节。
6 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人 The Whites are going to visit China next month. 怀特一家人下个月打算来中国。
7 和某些形容词连用，表示一类人或物 The rich are not always happier than the poor. 富人也不总是比穷人开心
8 表示世界上独一无二的事物 The sun is much bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大得多
9 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall 长城、the United States 美国、the United Nations 联合国
10 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前 he Pacific Ocean 太平洋、the Huanghe River 黄河
11 用于表示方向、方位的名词前 in the east 在东方、in the front 在前面、at the back 在后面、in the bottom 在底部
12 用在世纪或＂世纪+年代＂名词前 The war broke out in the sixties. 战争爆发于60年代
13 在the more ... the more比较级的句式中 The more you exercise, the more health you are. 你锻炼得越多，就会越健康
14 用在可数名词单数前可以表示一类人或事物 The panda is a cute animal. 熊猫是可爱的动物
15 用于某些特指的抽象名词、物资名词前，尤其是其后有限制性定语修饰时 The young generation is the hope of the world. 年轻一代是世界的希望。
16 固定搭配 in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早/中/晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 in the world 在世界上 all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 在去……去的路上
【扩展】有定冠词和无定冠词短语的区别
go to school 去上学 go to the school 到学校去
go to bed 睡觉 go to the bed 去床边（上）
take place发生 take the place of代替-
in prison坐牢 in the prison在监狱里
in front of ...在…（外部的）前面 in the front of在……(内部的)前面
be in hospital因病住院 be in the hospital在医院里
by sea乘船 by the sea在大海旁
in class上课 in the class在班级里
in place of代替 in the place of在……地方
by day在白天 by the day按日计算
in future今后 in the future将来-
三、零冠词
用法总结：
1 物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前 Electricity is a form of energy. 电是一种能量形式。(物质名词) Music can bring people pleasure. 音乐可以带给人们快乐。(抽象名词) Van is a beautiful city. 西安是一座美丽的城市。(专有名词)
2 季节、月份、星期、节日、假日等名词前 June 1 is Children’s Day. 六月一日是儿童节。 【注意】民族节日前要加the。如：the Spring Festival
3 一日三餐的名词前（泛指） I go to school without breakfast. 我没有吃早餐就去上学
4 球类运动、棋类的名词前 My father often plays chess with me when he is free. 我父亲有空的时候经常和我下棋。
5 表示独一无二的职位、头指、称呼的名词前 He was elected the chairman of the committee. 他破选举为委员会主席
6 表示学科、科学的名词前 I was not good at physics when I was in the middle school. 当我上初中时，我物理学得不好。
7 有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等限定词修饰的名词前 Miss Zhang is our English teacher. 张老师是我们的英语老师。
8 表示交通方式或通讯方式的名词前 Tom went to America by ship. 汤姆是坐船去的美国。 Did you send the file by email 你是用电子邮件发送的文件吗？
9 表示泛指的复数名词前 Books are our friends. 书是我们的朋友。
10 某些固定搭配中不用冠词 all night 在晚上，at first 起初，on time 按时，in fact 事实上，at home在家里，go to bed 上床睡觉，after school放学后，by hand手工
四、冠词的位置
情况 位置 例句
一般情况 冠词位于名词或名词短语的最前面 China is a beautiful Asia country. 中国是一个美丽的亚洲国家。
固定结构 1、as/so... as…结构中，a/an一般应位于as/so修饰的形容词之后 Alice is not so smart a girl as I thought. 爱丽丝不像我想象中的那么机灵。
2、so... that…结构中，a/an一般应位于as/so修饰的形容词之后 It is so difficult a question that no one in our class can answer it. 这个问题如此难以至于我们班没有一个人能够回答。
3、such... that…结构中，a/an一般应位于such之后，形容词之前 He is such a good boy that we all like him. 他是如此好的男孩大家都喜欢他。
4、too... to...结构中，a/an位于too修饰的形容词之后 Linda is too young a girl to be left by herself at home. 琳达太小了，不能把她单独留在家里。
5、名词前有形容词rather，quite或very时，不定冠词通常置于rather、quite之后，very之前 It is quite a good job. You should take it. 那真是一份好工作，你应该做。 Hurry Pother is a very interesting book. 《哈利﹒波特》是一本非常有趣的书。
6、名词前有all，both，double，twice等修饰时，冠词应位于其后、名词之前 Both the parents are very strict with their kids. 这对父母都对他们的孩子很严格。
感叹句中 1、what引导的感叹句中，a/an置于what后 What a heavy rain it is! 多么大的雨啊！ What an exciting news he brings us! 他给我们带来了一个多么令人兴奋的消息啊！
2、how引导的感叹句中，a/an置于how修饰的形容词后 How timely a rain we’ve got in such a dry season! 在这样干燥的季节里，这真是一场及时雨啊！
冠词练习题
一、单项填空
Taking a train is __________ good way to see the world.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
Linda is __________ active girl. She likes joining different clubs at school.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
The Wandering Earth is such __________ exciting film that I have seen it twice.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
My home town is Cambridge. It has __________ well-known university.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
When you are riding a bike，think about the risk of __________ accident.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
This is __________ story of friendship. Let's read __________ story together.
A. a; an B. an; the C. an; a D. a; the
--- Yuan Longping was __________ great scientist.
--- So he was. He made great contributions to human beings.
A. a B. an C. the
--- Judy，how was __________ camping
---The other campers were nice，and we had __________ fun time together.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a
Paper is __________ useful invention. It was invented around 2,000 years ago by Cai Lun.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
--- Have you seen __________ TV program I volunteer
--- Yes，I have never seen such __________ educational program.
A. a; the B. the; an C. the; a
二、翻译句子
我喜欢弹钢琴,而我弟弟喜欢打篮球。
________________________________________________________________________
格林一家每年都来大连旅游。
________________________________________________________________________
知识来源于实践。
________________________________________________________________________
考点 3 冠 词参考答案
1~5 ABBAB 6~10 DADAB
1. I like playing the piano，while my brother likes playing basketball.
2. The Greens come to Dalian for travelling every year.
3. Knowledge comes from practice.
2 / 2考点 4 代 词
【中考考查重点】
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
指示代词
不定代词
相互代词
疑问代词
一 – 三、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词 反身代词
第一 人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二 人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三 人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
【人称代词所有格的用法】 （一）主格和宾格 通常主格作主语（在句首，动词前）。 He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。 宾格作宾语（在动词或介词后）或作表语（在be动词后）。 Can you understand me 你能理解我吗？（作宾语） —Who is knocking at the door 谁在敲门？ —It’s me. 是我。（作表语） 人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。 Sam is much taller than I/me. 山姆比我高得多。 人称代词并列时的排列顺序。 人称代词单数并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称→第三人称→第一人称，即you, he/she/it and I（若是承担错误责任，第一人称应当先）。 It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰使她生气了。 ② 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称→第二人称→第三人称，即we, you and they。 （二）物主代词 定义：物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，用来说明某物属于某人或与某人有关。 形容词性物主代词用法： 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只能放在名词前作定语，后面一定要跟一个名词。e.g. my book，your name，their hobbies 形容词性物主代词用法： 名词性物主代词相当于名词，后面不能加名词，可单独使用，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。相当于＂形容词性物主代词+名词＂。 用于说明某事物与刚提及的事物类别相同，但属于其他人。 Sarah’ s house is much bigger than ours. 萨拉的房子比我们的房子要大很多。 常用于＂of＂引出的介词短语，表示所谈及的是群体中的一员。 a friend of mine 我的一个朋友（表示许多朋友中的一个） （三）反身代词 英语中用来表示＂我自己＂＂你自己＂＂他自己＂＂我们自己＂＂你们自己＂＂他/她/它们自己＂等意义的代词称为反身代词。 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。 He enjoyed himself in the wild. 他在野外玩得很开心。 常用短语： by oneself 亲自、独自 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 dress oneself 自己穿衣服 teach oneself 自学
四、指示代词
单数 复数
这（些）：用于指时间或空间上较近的事物 this these
那（些）：用于指时间或空间上较远的事物 that those
【用法】 在打电话情境中this指代自己，that指代对方 that指代上文出现过的东西（=上文的the+n）避免重复 e.g. The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Dalian.
五、疑问代词
Who 表示“谁”，可以指代单数和复数名词，在句中作主语、宾语或表语
Whom whom只能作动词的宾语或介词的宾语，不直接跟在介词后时可用who替换，位于介词后作介词宾语时只能用whom。
Whose 表示“谁的”，既可置于名词前作定语，也可单独使用，在句中常作主语、宾语、定语或表语。
Which 表示“哪一个（些）”，既可指人也可指物，可指可数名词单、复数，也可指不可数名词，在句中常作主语、宾语或定语。
What 表示“什么”，可单独使用，也可放在名词前，既可以指代或修饰不可数名词，也可以指代或修饰可数名词的单、复数。在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。 【知识扩展】what的常见用法： 用于询问职业：What be+主语 或What do/does/did+主语+ do What does your father do = What is your father 你父亲是干什么的？ 用于询问天气或品行：What be+主语+like What’ s the weather like 天气怎么样？ What were the machines like in the past？过去的机器是什么样子的？ 用于询问外貌、长相：What do/does/did+主语+look like What does she look like 她长什么样？ 征求对方的意见：What about ... What about going out for a movie 出去看电影怎么样？
六、不定代词
1 some some和any作定语时既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。 ① some多用于肯定句 ② 也可以用于表示委婉的请求建议的疑问句。（Could/ Would/ May/ How about/ What about…） e.g. Will you give me some water 请给我一些水好吗
any ① 通常用于疑问句和否定句 ② 当翻译为“任何”时也用于肯定句 e.g. You can read any book in my room.
2 由some、any、every、no和thing、body、one组成的复合不定代词 ① 复合不定代词在句中一般做主语、宾语或表语。 ② 复合不定代词做主语时，谓动单三。 e.g. Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。 ② 当定语修饰不定代词时，定语必须后置。 e.g. something important There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有什么问题。 ③ 不定式修饰不定代词时，不定式后置 e.g. I have something to do in holiday. ④ 由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似，而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似。当any构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句时，常表示＂无论什么东西，随便什么东西/事情＂ e.g. Is there anything interesting in the newspaper 报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗？
【易错警示】every day与everyday的区别: every day是名词短语，在句中充当状语，修饰整个句子。 e.g. I finish my homework before 9 every day. 我每天九点前完成作业。 everyday是形容词，在句中充当定语，修饰名词。 e.g. Everyday work makes me bored. 每天的工作让我很烦。
3 many 修饰可数名词 其他表示多的词（组） 修饰可数名词：many，a number of 修饰不可数名词：much，a large amount of 都可修饰：a lot of，lots of，plenty of
much 修饰不可数名词
4 没有（表否定） 有（表肯定）
修饰可数名词 few a few
修饰不可数名词 little a little
【知识扩展】 1、其他表示“少”的词组： a bit + adj a bit of + 不可数名词 2、这四个词或词组在句中都可作主语、宾语和定语。 Few of us have been to Beijing. 我们中几乎没有人去过北京。(主语) I know little about the book. 我几乎不知道这本书的内容。(宾语) There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些牛奶。(定语) He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。(定语) 3、little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示＂有点，稍微＂，little表示＂很少＂。 I’m a little hungry. 我有点俄。(修饰形容词hungry) Let him sleep a little. 让他睡一会儿。(修饰动词sleep) Mary, go a little faster, please. 玛丽，请走快一点儿。(修饰副词比较级)
5 each 【相同点】 ① 做主语，谓动都是单三 ② 后面都加名词单数 【不同点】 ① each可以和of连用，every不行；each of+名词单数，谓动单三 ② each用于≥2，every用于≥3 e.g. each side of the street 道路两边（不能用every）
every
6 one 指代前文的同类不同个 （相当于a+n） e.g. I like this book, I want to buy a new one. 复数为ones
it 指代前文同一个 e.g. I like this book, can I borrow it？
7 2者 3者及以上
都 both all
任何一个 either any
都不 neither none
【知识扩展】 1、both ①可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语； ② 用于否定句表示部分否定，全部否定使用neither； ③ both... and＂两者都，既…又…＂。 e.g. They both are not workers. 他们两个不都是工人。 e.g. Both Carl and Jeff are good at playing football. 卡尔和杰夫都擅长踢足球 ④ both做主语谓语动词复数，而all+名词复数谓动复数；all+不可数名词谓动单三 2、all ① 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语； ② all于否定句时，表示部分否定；表示全部否定使用none。 e.g. All the students are on the playground. 所有的学生都在操场上。 Not all books are good. = All books are not good. 不是所有的书都是好书。 3、either ① 可作主语、宾语和定语； ② either和neither作主语时，谓语动词应使用单数形式；作定语时，修饰单数名词。 e.g. You can park on either side of the street. 你在街道的哪边停车都可以。 The two guests have arrived and either is welcome. 两个客人都到了，而且都受欢迎。 ③ 固定搭配 either…or… 或者…或者… （就近原则） neither…nor… 既不…也不… （就近原则还有not only… but also/ There be句型） e.g. Either he or I am to blame. 或者他或者我将受到责备。 Neither he nor I am a doctor. 他和我都不是医生。 ④ either可作为副词，意为＂也＂，用于否定句的句末。 e.g. He won’t go and I won’t go either. 他不去，我也不去。 4、any 当“任何”讲+名词单数，谓动单三 5、none ① 做主语和宾语，不做定语 ② none指代可数名词（同常和of连用）做主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可；指代不可数名词时，必须用单数。 e.g. None of the books are mine. 这些书都不是我的。
8 other （无范围） 另一些，其他的 不能单独使用，后面要+名词，表示“其他的…” e.g. Where are his other books 他的另一些书在哪里
others （无范围） 其他 必须单独使用，泛指别人或别的东西，常用于＂some... others＂结构，相当于other+n，常用于＂some... others＂结构 e.g. Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的，另一些是黑的。
the other （限定地点和范围） 两个（堆）中的另一个（堆） 特指，常用于one…the other 一个（些）…另一个（些） e.g. She has two sisters，one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐，一个是护士，另一个是老师。
the others （限定地点和范围） 其他全部，其余的 表示在一个范围内的其他全部，常用于some…the others。 e.g. In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外，其他都是中国人。
another 另一个（指多个中的任何一个） 三者及以上的另一个，可单独用，也可接单数名词或名词复数，表示＂另几个，再几个＂ e.g. You can see another ship in the sea, can’t you 你能看见另一艘船在海里，不是吗
any other 任何其他的 其他任何一个+名词单数 e.g. Shenyang is larger than any other city in Liaoning.
七、相互代词
彼此，互相 each other
one another
【知识扩展】 ① 二者之间区别甚小，它们既能指两个人或两件事情，又能指更多的人或事物，但常用each other表示两者之间，用one another表示两个以上人或事物之间。其所有格形式分别为：each other's和one another's。 ② 相互代词在句子中可以作动词宾语、介词宾语，其所有格形式可以作定语。 e.g. You can learn from each other. 你们可以互相学习。 People should help one another. 人们应该互相帮助。
八、关系代词（见定语从句）
代词练习题
考点一 不定代词与疑问代词
一、单项填空
Boys and girls, __________ do you think the computers will be like in the future
A. what B. when C. where D. how
—__________ camera is this，Lingling
—I think it 's Tony's. He was taking photos here just now.
A. What B. Where C. How D. Whose
Many tourists visit Hainan around the Spring Festival，because it's __________ too cold __________ too hot.
A. both; and B. not only; but also C. neither; nor D. either; or
---There are mainly six kinds of black tea in China，Which is your favourite
---Green tea，I guess. I have tried black tea，green tea and so on，and __________ of them have their special tastes.
A. all B. both C. none D. neither_
My cousin keeps two pets. One is a lovely cat and ______ is a beautiful bird.
A. other B. others C. the other D. another
---This time，we must depend on ourselves to solve the problem.
---I agree. __________ but ourselves can find a way out.
A. Everybody B. Nobody C. Somebody D. Anybody
We couldn't buy anything because __________ of the shops were open.
A. all B. both C. nothing D. none
---Which jacket do you prefer，this one or that one
---__________ is OK. I don't care too much.
A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. All
二、翻译句子
他什么都没说就走出了教室。
___________________________________________________________________________.
我检查了你的答案,没有一个是对的。
___________________________________________________________________________.
我和姐姐都喜欢看动画片。
___________________________________________________________________________.
考点二 人称代词和物主代词
一、单项填空
Mr. Chen，thank you for showing __________ around Beijing Radio.
A. I B. me C. my D. mine
Ann has got a letter from her best friend. It makes __________ quite excited.
A. she B. her C. hers D. herself
Mike's aunt is __________ English teacher. We all like
A. our; she B. our; her C. we; she D. we; her
Tony will go to college. It's time for __________ to start a new life.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
Mark Twain is a great writer. Many people still read __________ stories today.
A. he B. his C. him D. himself
My brother was chosen for the basketball team. I am very proud of __________.
A. he B. him C. his D. himself
Sally is our monitor. __________ is an active girl and plays lots of sports.
A. He B. His C. Hers D. She
This isn't my dictionary. __________ is over there on the desk.
A. His B. Mine C. Hers D. Yours
二、句子翻译
---这是你的书包吗 ---不是。我的是蓝色的。
_________________________________________________________________________
我们的老师对我们很严格,但是我们都很喜欢他。
_________________________________________________________________________
我可以用你的字典吗 我的找不着了。
_________________________________________________________________________
考点三 反身代词与指示代词
一、单项填空
Tony, could you introduce __________ to your new classmates
A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself
The gravity on Mars is only about three eighths of __________ on the Earth.
A. that B. those C.one D. ones
Each child can only hand in one piece of work __________ in the drawing competition.
A. himself B. herself C. themselves
Tai chi，part of Chinese culture，is an exercise which helps people improve. __________ in health.
A. themselves B. ourselves C. itself D. myself
—School safety must come first all the time.
—I can't agree with you more. We students should learn how to protect __________
A. themselves B. yourselves C. ourselves D. himself
---Will she take part in the English speech competition tomorrow
---Sure. She sees it as a chance to prove __________
A. myself B. her C. herself D. it
Those girls enjoyed __________ at the party last night.
A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself
---Who teaches __________ maths
---I teach __________
A. your; myself B. you; myself C. you; me D. you; herself
二、句子翻译
他足够大了,能自己穿衣服。
_________________________________________________________________________
因为网络,世界本身变得越来越小。
_________________________________________________________________________
我们老师从小学开始就自学英语。
_________________________________________________________________________
综合练习
一、单项填空
---Are these your socks
---No，__________ are here.
A. mine B. my C. me D. I
Last month，the students in Changjiang Road Primary School held the“Ten Years of Growth Ceremony" to celebrate __________ 10th birthday together.
A. they B. their C. them D. theirs
---__________ did you do during your summer vacation
---I went sightseeing with my friends.
A. Who B. What C. Where D. How
---This type of Huawei mobile phones is on sale today.
---Really Let's go and buy __________ for our mum's birthday.
A. one B. it C. that D .them
Is __________ a kangaroo over there
A. this B. that C. those D. these
---The director is too busy to help us with the problem.
---Well，let's solve it __________.
A. himself B. myself C. itself D. ourselves
With trees and flowers on __________ sides of the road，we enjoyed our riding very much.
A. each B. every C. both D. all
---How many books are there in the bag
--- __________
A. Nothing. B. Neither. C. No. D. None.
二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
It's very important for us teenagers to learn how to take care of ____________. ( we)
Have you got ____________ to tell us about your trip to Japan (something)
This is an invention of ____________ own.(I)
The father realised that it was time for ____________ to apologise to his son. (he)
If it's not your book，it must be ____________. (she)
Boys and girls，watch carefully and then do the experiment by ____________. ( your)
---Would you like ____________ coffee ( some)
---No，thanks.
The computer will shut off ____________if you don't use it. (it)
Can you talk to ____________ and play games with them (they)).
Whose sandwiches are ____________ (this)
考点 4 代 词参考答案
考点一 1~4 ADCA 5~8 CBDB
1. He walked out of the classroom without saying anything.
2. I have checked your answers and none of them are correct.
3. Both my sister and I like watching cartoons.
考点二 1~4 BBBB 5~8 BBDB
1. ---Is this your schoolbag ---No. Mine is blue.
2. Our teacher is very strict with us，but we all like him.3.Can I use your dictionary Mine can't be found.
考点三 1~4 DACA 5~8 CCCB
1. He is old enough to dress himself.
2. Because of the Internet，the world itself is becoming smaller and smaller.
3. Our teacher began to learn English by herself/ himself when she/he was in primary school.
综合练习:
1~4 ABBA 5~8 BDCD
1. ourselves 2. anything 3. my 4. him 5. hers
6. yourselves 7. some 8. itself 9. them 10. these
2 / 2考点 5 介 词
【中考考查重点】
1. 介词辨析
2. 介词短语辨析
一、时间介词
1、表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on
at 用于表示时刻、时间的某一点 at nine在九点钟 at noon正午时、at night在夜间 at lunch在午饭时、at breakfast早餐时 at that time那时、at the moment此刻，目前 at the same time同时 at first开始的时候，起初、at last 最后
on 用于表示某天 / 具体某一天的上下午 on June 6在6月6日 on Monday 在周一 on Christmas Day on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚
in 用于表示周、月、 季节、年、年代、世纪和泛指的上午、下午、晚上（指在一段时间内） in the morning / afternoon / evening在早/中/晚 in May 在五月 in summer在夏季 in 2022 在2022年 in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代 in the twentieth century 在20世纪
【知识扩展】 in time 及时、on time按时、at times偶尔 注意：表示时间的名词前有this, last, next, every等修饰时，其前面不加介词。 this morning今天早上、last Monday上周一、every week每周
2、before, after（注意：两个既可以作介词又可以作连词）
before 在…之前 当连词用时后面+句子 当介词用时后面的动词+ing e.g. Let’s sing some songs after school. （after作介词）放学后咱们唱歌吧！ Please close the door after you leave the room. （after作连词，后面引导从句）离开房间后请关门。
after 在…之后
3、by, until / till
by 在…前（时间）；截止（到）… by the end of在…底（之前） by the time+从句 在…之前 by now = up to now = so far 到目前为止
until/till 直到…为止（时间） 做连词时until用于肯定句和否定句，till用于肯定句
4、for，in，since，from
in+时间段 过…多久之后 时态上用一般将来时，且用How soon提问 e.g. He will be back in five hours. 他五小时之后回来。
for+时间段 有…多久了 时态上用现在完成时，且用How long提问 e.g. The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.（since还可作连词，引导时间状语从句；时态上遵从：主现完从一过）这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。
since+时间点 自从
fom+时间点 自…起 表示＂从…开始＂时，一般都是用词组from...to...， 而单纯表示确切的＂从几点开始＂时用at。 e.g. The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从8点开到10点。 The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。
5、during，through，within-
during 在…期间 e.g. They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays. 暑假中他们打算好好休息一下 注意：during后不能跟表数字的名词
through 一直…（从开始到结束） e.g. They played the cards through the night. 他们打了一整夜的牌
within 不超过… e.g. I must finish painting the cat within five minutes. 我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫 比较：within和in within强调＂在…时间之内＂，没有时态的限制。in是以现在为基础，in an hour是指从现在起一小时之后，所以in一般只用于将来时。
二、方位介词
1、at, in
at 在某地（小地点） e.g. I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。 stay at home 待在家里
in 在某地（大地点） She was born in China. 她是在中国出生的。
2、in，on，to
in 在…方向（范围内） China is in the east of Asia.
on 在…方向（接壤） Guangdong Province is on the southeast of Guangxi.
to 在…方向（范围外不接壤） Japan is to the east of China.
3、on, above, over, under, below
on 在…上（有接触面） e.g. on the desk在桌子上面 其他搭配： on the map在地图上。 on the floor在地板上 on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上 on the farm在农场 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨
above 在…上方 Our plane flew above the clouds. 我们的飞机在云端上飞行。
over 在…正上方 over是under的反义词 e.g. There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。
under 在…下面 e.g. under the table桌子下面
below 在…下方 是above的反义词。 e.g There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water. 水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。 注意：below不一定是正下方，正下方是under，below是above的反义词。
4、near, by
near = next to 近的，不远的 near=not far，是far的反义词。 near还可以指时间 e.g. in the near future 在不久的将来
by = beside 在…旁边 距离比near要近 e.g. The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。
5、in，between，among，around
in 在…里 e.g. Stay in your room. 待在你屋里。
between 在（两者）之间 What’s the difference between A and B A和B之间有什么区别？
among 在（三者或更多的）之中 He is very popular among the students. 他在学生之中很受欢迎。
around 环绕，在…周围，在…四周 The earth moves around the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。
6、in front of，behind，opposite
in front of 在…（外部）的前面 e.g. There is a tree in front of the house.
in the front of 在…（内部）的前面 e.g. There is a big desk in the front of the classroom.
behind 在…（外部）后面 是in front of的反义词
at the back of 在…（内部）后面 是in the front of 的反义词
opposite 在…对面 e.g Our school is opposite a university. 我们学校在一所大学的对面。
7、along, across, past, through
along 沿着 Lots of tree are planted along the river.
across 横过 表示从表面穿过；cross是动词 = go across e.g. I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。
past 经过 e.g. Every day he runs past the city hall. 他每天跑步经过市政府。 【易错点】 pass是动词，过去式是passed，过去分词是passed，而past是介词，此外还有： n. 过去 e.g. in the past 在过去 adj. 过去的 in the past year 在过去的一年中
through 贯穿，通过 表示从空间内部穿过 e.g. The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。
over 越过 表示从上方（不接触）越过
8、in，into，out of，up
into 入… 表示有特定终点的运动方向，常和go，come，walk，run连用，e.g. I walkedinto downtown. 我走进了市中心。
out of 从…出来 和into一样也表示有一定方向的运动 e.g. The students rushed out of the room. 学生们冲出房间
up 向上 e.g. They were climbing up the mountain. 他们正在往山上爬。
9、to, from
to 到…（地点）方向 He came to Japan in 1980. 他1980年来到日本。
form 从…（地点）起 I will leave for America next week.下周我将动身去美国。 词组辨析： leave from = leave sp 离开某地 leave for 动身去 = start for 出发去
三、其他介词
1、表示手段和材料的介词with, in, by
with 反义词without 和……在一起 Will you please go with me 你和我一起去好吗？ 具有、带有He was a handsome boy with large bright eyes. 用某种工具或办法 Li Li cut her hand with a knife. 莉莉用刀把手指弄破了。 其他词组： 在某人的帮助下
in 表示用什么语言 speak in English 用英语说 + 颜色或者衣物，表示衣着 the girl in red. 穿着红颜色衣服的女孩 表示声调特点 表示用什么材料（如用墨水，铅笔等）
by “by+交通工具”的词组：by bicycle骑自行车、（走路去是on foot） by hand 手工制作 by chance = by mistakes 偶然地、意外地；by mistakes 错误地
2、of, from
① 由…制成 be made of （看得见原材料） The chair is made of wood. 椅子是有木头做成的。
be made from （看不见原材料） Paper is made from the trees. 纸张是由木材做成的。
② 死于… die of 死于 （内因） 400 people a year die of this disease on average. 平均每年有400人死于这种疾病。
die from 死于 （外因） Millions die early from air pollution each year. 每年数百万人过早地死于空气污染。
③ hear of 听说 I have never heard of him before. 我以前从来没有听说过他。
hear from 收到某人来信 相当于get or receive a letter from e.g. I heard from my parents.我收到了父母的来信。
3、of, for
在It做形式主语，It is + adj + to do sth 的固定句式中 当人称和形容词能形成主表关系时，用of It is difficult for me to solve this problem.
当人称和形容词不能形成主表关系时，用for It is nice of you to help me.
4、like, as
like prep. 像，反义词unlike v. 喜欢，反义词dislike 常见的提问方式： What are you like？ 你性格怎么样？ What do you like？ 你喜欢什么？ What do you look like 你长什么样？ What are you 你的职业是什么？
as prep. 作为 adv. 和…一样 conj. 随着（当…时） conj. 正如，因为 e.g. He is famous as a scientist here. 他在此地作为一个科学家而闻名。 My sister is as tall as me. 我姐姐和我一样高。 As time goes on, he will understand what I said. 随着时间的推移，他会理解我所讲的话。 As rain has fallen, the air is cooler. 因为下过雨，所以空气比较凉爽。
5、against, about，including
against 反对 e.g. play against 和…打比赛 He is against the plan. 他反对这个计划。 The teacher is standing against the blackboard. 老师正靠着黑板站着。
about 关于 Tell me something about your life. 告诉我你的生活情况
including 包括 注意：include词性是动词，而including词性是介词 I've got three days' holiday including New Year's Day. 包括元旦在内我有三天假。
6、besides，except，but
besides 除…之外还有… e.g. He has many friends besides me. 除了我他还有很多朋友。
except 除去… 易错：expect “期待” expect to do sth 期待做某事 e.g. Everyone is excited except me. 每个人都很兴奋，除了我不兴奋。
but 除了 常见固定搭配： ① nothing but 除了…什么也没有 e.g. He did nothing but watch TV all day. 这一天他除了看电视什么也没做。 no…but… 不是…而是…
四、常见的介词搭配
1、动词+介词
arrive in/ at 到达 prefer…to 宁愿…
ask for 请求，要求 regard…as 把…看作…
do well in 在某方面做得好 leave for 出发去…
give up 放弃 hear about 听说
thanks to 幸亏、由于 look at 看
think about 考虑 talk to 与…谈话
laugh at 嘲笑 worry about 关心
2、介词+名词
at once 立刻 in a hurry 匆忙
at the age of.. 在…岁时 in the middle of 在…中间
at the beginning of... 在……之初 in one’s twentieth 在某人二十几岁时
with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 in public 公开
with a smile 面带笑容 in order to 为了
think about 考虑 in surprise 惊奇地
after a while 过了一会 a bit of 一点
form now on 从现在开始 a lot of 许多
form then on 从那时起 on foot 步行
for example 例如 on the right/ left 在右边/左边
far away from 远离 on the radio 通过收音机
by the way 顺便说 to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是
in all 总共 in trouble 有麻烦
in fact 事实上 at home 在家
on one’s way to 在某人去…的路上 without breakfast 没吃早餐
介词练习题
考点一 时间介词
一、单项填空
(2020大连一模) Today's online class will start __________ 7:30 am. Are you ready
A. at B. on C. in D. of
(2021大连一模) The Dalian Undersea Tunnel(隧道) will be open to traffic __________ 2024.
A. in B.at C. on D. for
(2021大连“八区"联考) __________ April 13，China's soccer team won a ticket to Tokyo Olympics.
A. In B. Since C. At D. On
(2021北京中考) Space Day of China falls __________ April 24th every year.
A. on B. by C. at D. in
(2021重庆中考) The Tianwen-1 Probe landed on Mars __________ May 15th，2021.
A. at B. in C. to D. on
(2019“双基调查"试卷) More people will come to Dalian __________ summer because of the cool weather.
A. at B. in C. for D. with
(2019大连中考) The Silk Road has been a bridge between the East and the West __________ over 2,000 years.
A. at B. for C. in D. from
I'm going to give my father a surprise __________ Father's Day.
A. in B. at C. on D. by
二、翻译句子
我出生于2005年10月1 日。
________________________________________________________________________
我的爸爸每天早晨六点开始锻炼。
________________________________________________________________________
我通常在周五的晚上和同学聚会。
________________________________________________________________________
考点二 地点介词
一、单项选择
(2019绥化中考)Light comes in __________ the window.
A. across B. cross C. through D. by
(2019北京中考) We planted some flowers __________ the garden yesterday.
A. on B. to C. in D. of
(2021海南中考) Sansha，a beautiful city，lies __________ the south of China.
A. in B. on C. to
(2021青海中考)Look! The sun is shining directly into the car. You'd better park it __________ the tree.
A. under B. in front of C. behind
(2018大连中考) The 2018 World Cup started __________ Moscow on 14th June.
A. at B. on C. in D. to
(2019武汉中考)He wrote his phone number __________ a piece of paper.
A. on B. for C. in D. from
(2018无锡中考)Let's put the piano over there, __________ the wall.
A. above B. against C. across D. around
(2018天津中考)In the picture，he sits __________ me，looking very happy.
A. beside B. among C. up D. though
二、翻译句子
通过阅读,我开始更多地了解世界。
________________________________________________________________________
100多年以来,他的作品一直很受欢迎。
________________________________________________________________________
周六下午我们会按时到达那家酒店。
________________________________________________________________________
考点三 介词搭配
一、单项填空
(2021长春中考)My classmates like to read English novels __________ their free time.
A.in B. on C.at D.to
(2021昆明中考)Since 1921，the Communist Party of China (中国共产党) has been leading the Chinese people __________ a better life.
A. of B. on C. at D. to
(2021包头中考) --- What's the most exciting holiday you have ever been __________.
--- For me，it was a trip to Iceland with my family to see the Northern Lights.
A. in B. on C. to D. from
--- I think eating vegetables is good for our health.
--- Yes. I agree __________ you.
A. with B. to C. for D. at
(2019阜新中考) --- What will you buy __________ your father
--- A black and white wallet.
A. to B. of C. on D. for
( 2019盘锦中考) John often takes a walk __________ his grandpa after dinner.
A. to B. for C. along D. with
(2019安徽中考) Our class are much sure to win the basketball game __________ Class Three.
A. of B. in C. against D. from
(2021黑龙江中考) Thanks to the video Visiting the World Online，we can enjoy the sights __________ leaving home.
A. with B. by C. without D. for
It's very hot. The temperature is __________ 35℃.
A. after B. past C. on D. over
The street was full __________ smoke after the big fire.
A. of B. with C. in D. for
It is going to rain. Take an umbrella __________ you.
A. with B. at C. in D. from
Our teacher is very strict __________ us and she is strict __________ her work.
A. in; on B. with; for C. with; in D. to; in
We are excited __________ going to Beijing in the summer vacation.
A. in B. to C. for D. about
Our coach was pleased __________ us because we won the basketball match.
A. to B. with C. at D. about
My computer is similar __________ yours.
A. with B. to C. in D. about
二、句子翻译
昨天上午8点,妈妈和老师在谈论我的学业。
________________________________________________________________________
每天早晨爸爸都要浏览一下报纸。
________________________________________________________________________
不幸的是,他的妈妈患了一种严重的疾病。
________________________________________________________________________
我们对他的进步感到很惊奇。
________________________________________________________________________
我很感谢我的老师,因为他对我很有耐心。
________________________________________________________________________
每天晚上,我们都在忙于做作业。
________________________________________________________________________
这张课桌是由金属制成的。
________________________________________________________________________
考点四 介词短语
一、单项选择
We left __________ such a hurry that we forgot our tickets.
A. on B. for C. to D. in
(2021安徽中考) Our country has made great progress in the fight __________ blue skies and clear waters.
A. in B. for C. against D. between
A large population may cause a lot of problems, __________ too much traffic and pollution.
A. such as B. compared with C. as well as D. instead of
Too much fast food is bad for us. We should only have it __________.
A. all the time B. from now on C. at the moment D. once in a while
When teenagers go to university，they should live __________.
A. on their own B. in a hurry C. with their help D. each other
--- It is so difficult that I want to give up..
---Take it easy. __________, it takes time to learn something new.
A. In that case B. For example C. By the way D. After all
At that time，books could only be produced one __________ by hand.
A. for a time B. at a time C. at times D. for some
--- It is reported that many wild animals in the world are __________ because of human behaviour.
--- We must do something to stop people from hunting and selling these animals.
A. in danger B. in public C. in silence D. in person
二、翻译句子
他的英语取得了很大的进步。
________________________________________________________________________
老师总是面带微笑给我们上课。
________________________________________________________________________
他5岁时开始学英语。
________________________________________________________________________
从现在起,我一定要向我的同学们学习。
________________________________________________________________________
请在旅途中保管好你的物品。
________________________________________________________________________
考点 5 介 词参考答案
考点一 1~4 AADA 5~8 DBBC
1. I was born on October lst，2005.
2. My father takes exercise at six every morning
3. I usually get together with my classmates on Friday evening.
考点二 1~4 CCAA 5~8 CABA
1. I get to know more about the world through reading.
2. His works have been popular for more than/over 100years.
3. We will arrive at the hotel on time on Saturday afternoon.
考点三 1~5 ADBAD 6~10 DCCDA 11～15 ACDBB
1. My mother and my teacher were talking about my studies at 8 yesterday morning.
2. My father looks through newspapers every morning.
3. Unluckily，his mother suffered from a serious illness.
4. We are surprised at his progress.
5. l am thankful to my teacher，because he is patient with me.
6. We're busy doing our homework every night.
7. This desk is made of metal.
考点四 1~4 DBAD 5~8 ADBA
1. He has made great progress in his English.
2. Our teacher is always giving us lessons with a smile on his/ her face.
3. He began to learn English at the age of five.
4. From now on，I must learn from my classmate.
5. Please take care of / look after your things when you are travelling.
2 / 2考点 6 形容词和副词
【中考考查重点】
1. 形容词词义辨析；
2. 形容词短语搭配；
3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级；
4. 副词的基本用法；
5. 副词的分类；
6. 易混淆的副词用法辨析等
一、形容词
（一）形容词的分类
分类 说明
性质形容词 用于表示人或物所具有的性质。英语中大量形容词属于这一类，多数有比较级和最高级，有程度大小的区别，可以使用程度副词修饰。 e.g. funny滑稽的，lovely可爱的，healthy健康的
类别形容词 用于阐明人或事物所属的特定类别。往往没有程度大小区别、没有比较级和最高级，而且不使用程度副词修饰。 e.g. financial经济的，mental脑力的，cultural文化的
颜色形容词 表示事物颜色。没有比较级和最高级。e.g. blue蓝色的，green绿色的
叙述形容词 这类形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰，大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。 e.g. afraid害怕的，alone单独的，asleep睡着的，worth值得的，ill病的
分词形容词 有些表情感态度的动词，如excite，worry，其过去分词和现在分词可形容词化，即相当于形容词。e.g. exciting令人兴奋的，excited感到兴奋的
复合形容词 指的是由几个词共同构成并起形容词作用的词。e.g. three-year-old三岁的，ordinary-looking相貌普通的，middle-aged中年的
（二）形容词的句法功能
成分 说明 例句
作定语 一般放在所修饰词的前面（也能后置） It’s a cold and windy day today. 今天是个寒冷有风的天气。
作表语 放在系动词的后面 He looks happy today. 他今天看上去很开心。
做补足语 作主语或宾语补足语，说明主语或宾语的性质、状态或特征，常和make，keep，have搭配使用 I think it impossible for him to finish the work before dark. 我认为他不可能在天黑之前完成这一工作。 We keep our classroom clean. 我们保持教室整洁。
作状语 主要表示原因、伴随或方式 Hungry and tired, I had to stop to have a rest. 又累又饿，我只好停下来休息一天。
【知识扩展】 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。e.g. There is nothing important in the paper. 报上没什么重要的事情。 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。 e.g. The bridge is about two hundred metres long. 这座桥长约两百米。 多个形容词作定语时的顺序排列：限定词（冠词、数词、代词等）→描绘性形容词→大、小(长、短、高、低)形容词→形状形容词→年龄(新、旧)形容词→颜色形容词、国籍形容词、材料形容词、用途(类别)形容词、名词。 “口诀”：美小圆旧黄，法国木书房，e.g. 一座古老的中国小石桥：A small old Chinese stone bridge 。
二、副词
（一）副词的基本用法
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句话的词类，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
We should listen to our teachers carefully.我们应该认真听老师讲课。
He is very happy today.他今天非常高兴。
＂What happened ＂I asked, rather angrily. ＂发生什么事情了？＂我相当生气地问。
Luckily, he was saved finally. 幸运的是他最终获救了。
（二）副词的分类
1、时间副词：today, early, soon, now, then, recently, still
（1）表示发生时间的副词： It’s beginning to rain now! 现在开始下雨了！
（2）表示频繁程度的副词，也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。
She often changes her mind. 她常改变主意。
（3）还有一些其他表示时间的副词： He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。
2、地点副词：here, there, out, somewhere, abroad, home
（1）直接表示地点的副词： She is studying abroad. 她在国外留学。
（2）还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形，后跟宾语的是介词，否则是副词：
用作介词：Stand up! 起立！
用作副词： A cat climbed up the tree. 猫爬上了树。
（3）以where构成的副词也是地点副词： It’s the same everywhere. 到处都一样。
3、方式副词：well, fast, slowly, carefully, quickly
（1）方式副词说明行为方式： How beautifully your wife dances. 你夫人舞跳得真美。
（2）还有的副词表示某些情绪： She smiled gratefully. 她感激的笑了笑。
（3）还有一些以-ly结尾的副词，表示动作发生的状况：
He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。
4、程度副词：very, much, enough, almost, rather, quite
5、频度副词：always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never
6、疑问副词：where, how, why
7、否定副词：no, not, neither, nor
8、其他副词：also, too, only
【知识扩展】
1、有些词虽然是以ly结尾的，但却是形容词，e.g. lovely、lively、friendly、lonely、likely、ugly …
2、有些词既有形容词词性，又有副词词性，但不同词性的意思不一样；还有一些形容词加上ly变副词但词义也发生了变化。
adj. adv. +ly
① hard 努力的，辛苦的，艰难的，坚硬的 努力地，辛苦地，艰难地 hardly 几乎不
② pretty 漂亮的 非常，很
③ late 晚的，迟的 晚地，迟地 lately 近来，最近
④ early 早的 早地 /
⑤ fast 快的 快地 /
⑥ alone 独自一人的 独自一人地 /
⑦ alive 活着的 / /
3、几组常用的副词辨析
① already 在现在完成时当中只用于肯定句
yet 在现在完成时当中用语否定句和疑问句
② so 副词词性，在结果状语从句中后接形容词和副词
such 形容词词性，在结果状语从句中后接名词
③ sometimes 频度副词，表示“有时”
sometime 副词词性，表示“某个时候”
some times “几次，几倍”
some time 一段时间
④ too much “太多”，后接不可数名词
too many “太多”后接可数名词
much too “太”，相当于very和quite
⑤ everyday “每天的”是形容词
every day “每天”相当于副词做时间状语
三、比较级和最高级
1、形容词和副词的比较级变化规则
构成方式 例词
规则变化 单音节和部分双音节 一般在词尾加-er，-est high→higher→highest
以不发音的字母e结尾的词，加-r，-st arge→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest
以两个辅元辅结尾的重读闭音节词，双写词尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est big→bigger→biggest thin→thinner→thinnest
以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-er，-est ugly→uglier→ugliest busy→busier→busiest
少数以er或ow结尾的双音节词，词尾加-er，-est narrow→narrower→narrowest clever→cleverer→cleverest
多音节 其他双音节词和多音节词及分词形容词，在词前加more，most important→more important→most important
不规则变化 good/ well→better→best bad/ ill, badly→worse→worst many/ much→more→most little→less→least far→farther/ further→farthest/ furthest old→older/elder→oldest /eldest
【知识扩展】 1、farther/farthest和further/furthest的区别：二者表示距离时，往往可互换，但是用于引申义，表示程度时，只能使用后者。 He can throw much farther/further than you. 他可以比你扔得远得多。 His suggestion is that Kate should be sent abroad for further education. 他的建议是凯特被派往国外进修。 2、older/oldest和elder/eldest的区别：前者用于人或者物，可作定语和表语，可与than连用，而后者主要用于家人之间，表明长幼关系，往往用于人，不用于物，而且只作定语不作表语，也不与than连用。 I’m two years older than him. 我比他大两岁。 His elder brother works in a clothing factory. 他哥哥在一家服装厂工作。
2、句式变化
（1）比较级的特殊句式
当主语是人称代词时，其中A是主格，B是宾格 e.g. She is taller than me.
可以用一些单词或者短语来修饰比较级，表示程度：a bit，a little，much，a lot，far，rather，even，still，翻译成“....得的多”
以下词只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级：very，quite，so，too
表示＂是几倍，大几岁，高几厘米＂时，可用“倍数/数量词+比较级+than”的结构表示。
e.g. Our room is twice larger than theirs. 我们的房间是他们的两倍大。
“比较级+and+比较级”的句式
当前后两个比较级相同时，表示“越来越怎样”
e.g. The day is becoming warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和。
当前后两个比较级不同时，表示“更…更…”
e.g. The moon got fuller and bigger. 月亮变得更大更圆了。
“The+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越…越…” e.g. The more information，the better
“as+形容词或副词的原级+as”，表示“和…相同”，叫做同级比较
e.g. She is as tall as me
其否定形式为 not so/as…as，e.g. He doesn’t study so/as hard as his brother.
（2）最高级的特殊句式
一般句式常和in/ of/ among连用，说明比较的范围 e.g. Lingling is the tallest of the three
one of the+最高级+名词复数，表示“最…的之一”
当形容词最高级修饰名词时，其前还可以加序数词
e.g. It is the fastest and the second cheapest 表示“第二便宜的”
当最高级前有物主代词或名词所有格时，定冠词the省略，
e.g. Monday is my busiest day
如果两个最高级并列修饰同一个名词，第二个最高级前的the省略。
e.g. He is the youngest and tallest boy in my class
最高级的意义还可以用比较级去表达
e.g. New York is busier than any other city in the US. 纽约比美国任何其他城市都繁华。
Nothing is more enjoyable than playing tennis. 没有什么比打网球更享受。
四、常见的形容词和介词搭配
【about】 be excited about 对…感到激动 be happy about 对…感到开心 be mad about 为…感到入迷 be worried about 为…担心 【at】 be good at 擅长… be mad at 对……生气 be surprised at对……感到惊讶 【for】 be famous for 因…而著名 be good for 对…有益 be bad for 对…有害 be late for 迟到 【from】 be away from 远离… be different from 和…不同 【in】 be interested in 对……感兴趣 be strict in sth.对某事严格 【of】 be afraid of 害怕… be careful of（about） 当心，注意 be full of 充满了… be proud of对……感到自豪 【to】 be familiar to 为…所熟系， be famous to 为…所著名 be friendly/kind to对……友好 be polite/impolite to对…有（不）礼貌 be harmful to 对…有害 be similar to 和…相似 【with】 be angry with 对……生气 be bored with 对…厌烦 be busy with 忙于… be careful with 小心…、仔细… be familiar with 熟系… be pleased with对…感到高兴 be popular with受……欢迎； be satisfied with对…感到满意/高兴 be strict with sb.对某人严格
形容词和副词练习题
考点一 形容词（原级）
一、单项选择
Tom's grown up quickly. He is nearly as __________ as me.
A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
--- The Chinese language is more and more popular.
--- Exactly! It's becoming a __________ language skill in the international community.
A. similar B. difficult C. necessary D. traditional
Nothing is __________ if you put your heart into it.
A. impossible B. useful C. different D. necessary
The Greens like the quietness in the countryside. The city is too __________ for them.
A. comfortable B. dangerous C. noisy D. interesting
--- l think it is a good way to study English by watching English mov1es.
--- l agree. 1 find it __________ to improve my listening.
A. harmful B. thankful C. careful D. helpful
--- Is everyone here today
--- No. Two students are __________ because they have a cold.
A. angry B. absent C. active
The __________ news made him __________. He didn't fall asleep until midnight.
excited; excited B. exciting; exciting C. exciting; excited D. excited; exciting
His grandfather did his best to keep the tree __________, but it died in the end.
A. alive B. asleep C. absent D. awake
二、翻译句子
这个连衣裙太贵了所以我不想买。
________________________________________________________________________
吃太多的糖会使你发胖。
________________________________________________________________________
今年夏天我想去一个特殊而神奇的地方。
________________________________________________________________________
考点二 形容词的比较级和最高级
一、单项选择
El Capitan，about 3,000 feet high，is one of the world's __________ mountains to climb.
A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest
Thanks to better health care，more people are living __________ lives today than before.
A. longer B. richer C. busier D. easier
The teacher is glad to see that Tony is __________ than before.
A. careful B. more careful C. most careful D. the most careful
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is thought to be one of __________ American stories.
A. great B. greater C. greatest D. the greatest
Protecting ourselves is one of __________ things we must do.
A. important B. more important C. most important D. the most important
--- What's the world's __________ mountain
--- Mount Qomolangma.
A. lower B. lowest C. higher D. highest
---l don't really like big cities.
--- Neither do I. I feel much __________ in the countryside.
A. free B. freer C. freest D. the freest
--- Excuse me, sir. The shoes are small for me.
---Don't worry. I will change them for a __________ size.
A. large B. larger C. largest D. the largest
二、翻译句子
我认为物理是最令人兴奋的学科之一。
________________________________________________________________________
我相信我的英语会越来越好。
________________________________________________________________________
你越努力,你进步就会越快。
________________________________________________________________________
长江比中国的任何一条河都长。
________________________________________________________________________
考点三 副词（原级）
一、单项选择
Dad, you __________ smile when I take photos of you. You always look so serious.
A. often B. sometimes C. always D. never
Because people can find information on the Internet, knowledge spreads __________.
A. quickly B. loudly C. hardly D. nearly
The dancing teacher gives us instructions __________ until we are perfect in every move.
A. patiently B. quickly C. bravely D. suddenly
Lily __________ makes a speech in front of so many people. She feels very nervous.
A. often B. always C. never D. sometimes
Sue works __________, so she never seems to make mistakes.
A. late B. alone C. happily D. carefully
--- China has formed a deep friendship with countries around the world.
--- That's true. We are working ___________ together in many fields.
A. closely B. nervously C. terribly D. humorously
A small town in Norway doesn't get direct sunshine from late September to mid-March — __________ six months out of the year.
A. only B. hardly C. clearly D. nearly
--- Tony, __________ is the match
---It's next Saturday afternoon. Are you coming
A. when B. where C. how D. what
二、翻译句子
游客们喜欢来大连,尤其是在夏天。
________________________________________________________________________
看!孩子们玩得多高兴呀!
________________________________________________________________________
我几乎不相信我们正在市中心。
________________________________________________________________________
女孩跑得不如男孩快。
________________________________________________________________________
考点四 副词的比较级和最高级
一、单项选择
It's unbelievable that mountains can grow. According to a recent survey, Qomolangma has risen __________.
A. low B. lower C. high D. higher
Bill lives __________ to school than Peter.
A. close B. closed C. closer D. the closest
We need to drive more __________ than usual when we pass a school.
A. quickly B. happily C. slowly D. politely
Today，with the Internet，people can communicate_ than ever before.
A. easily B. more easily C. most easily D. the most easily
we're happy that our country has developed __________ these years than before.
A. quickly B. less quickly C. more quickly D. most quickly
--- What's the best movie theatre in town
--- Sun Cinema. You can sit the most __________.
A. widely B. quietly C. cheaply D. comfortable
With the help of Baidu Map，we can find the way __________ than before.
A. easily B. more easily C. most easily D. the most easily
Mike lives __________ from school of all the students，so he always takes a bus to school.
A. far C. further D. the farther B. farther
二、翻译句子
Tom是我们班里跑得最快的男生之一。
________________________________________________________________________
每天我的同学们到校都比我早。
________________________________________________________________________
你赚的钱越多,花得越多。
________________________________________________________________________
综合练习
一、单项选择
--- Simon has been __________ school for 2 days. What's wrong with him
--- It's said that he has a cold.
A. nervous about B. thirsty for C. absent from D. worried about
More and more people have realised that clear water and green mountains are as __________ as mountains of gold and silver.
A. central B. special C. valuable D. clear
--- Elder brother: Which is much braver，the sun or the moon, Tom
--- Younger brother: Of course the moon. Because it isn't __________ the dark.
A. harmful to B. afraid of C. sure about D. hungry for
It's not __________ to talk with your mouth full.
A. boring B. polite C. terrible D. sleepy
Open the window and have some __________ air in. There is too much smoke in the room.
A. thin B. hot C. dirty D. fresh
If you are late for the meeting，please enter the room __________.
A. slowly B. easily C. loudly D. quietly
Remember to get to the point. The more you talk, __________ attention he will pay to you.
A. the bigger B. the fewer C. the more D. the worse
Mrs Smith always waits __________ for students to ask questions after class.
A. patiently B. quickly C. luckily D. deeply
Emma loves animals and she looks after her pet dog__ than her friends.
A. carefully B. more carefully C. most carefully D. the most carefully
Harry Potter is __________ film I've ever seen.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
二、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空
Hundreds of people are crowding around the cinema. I guess the film must be ____________. (excite)
It rained ____________ last night and the river rose. (heavy)
They ____________ published findings of a study on this topic. (recent)
China has developed ____________ in the past 40 years. (quick)
l hope it'll be ____________ tomorrow. Because we'll have a picnic. (sun)
When you eat in a Western restaurant, you'd better use a knife and fork ____________. (proper)
It is ____________ for teenagers to learn English well. (use)
You should drink more water. I think water is ____________ than coffee. (healthy)
Liu Chuanjian, a national hero, ____________ landed the plane, saving over 100 people. (successful).
How ____________ you are! You have left your book at home again. (care)
考点 6 形容词和副词参考答案
考点一 1~4 ACAC 5~8 DBCA
1. This dress is too expensive，so I don't want to buy it.
2. Eating too much sugar can make you fat.
3. I want to go to a special and magical place this summer.
考点二 1~4 CABD 5~8 DDBB
1. I think physics is one of the most exciting subjects.
2. I believe my English will get better and better.
3. The harder you work，the greater progress you will make.
4. The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.
考点三 1~4 DAAC 5~8 DADA
1. Tourists like coming to Dalian，especially in summer.
2. Look! How happily the children are playing
3. I can hardly believe (that) we are in the city centre.
4. Girls don't run as quickly as boys.
考点四 1~4 DCCB 5~8 CDBD
1. Tom is one of the boys who run fastest in our class.
2. My classmates get to school earlier than me every day.
3. The more money you make, the more you spend.
综合练习 1~5 CCBBD 6~10 DCABD
1. exciting 2. heavily 3. recently 4. quickly 5. sunny
6. properly 7. useful 8. healthier 9. successfully 10. careless
2 / 2考点 7 动 词
【中考考查重点】
动词辨析
动词短语辨析
动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词的使用
一、动词的分类
分类 特点 例句
实义动词 表示有实际意义的动作，能独立作谓语，。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词；又可以分为瞬时性动词和延续性动词。 He works hard. 他工作努力。
系动词 本身有词义，不能作谓语，但可以和表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。 He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。 They look the same. 他们看起来一样。
【知识扩展】 常用的15个系动词： be（am/is/are） 感官系动词：look、smell、taste、sound、feel、seem似乎 3保持：keep、stay、remain 5 变化：go（特制食物变质或+bad等不好的词）、get（+情绪）、grow（身体变化）、become（身份变化）、turn（+颜色）
助动词 本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。 I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。 I don’t speak English. 我不说英语。
情态动词 本身有一定的意义，表示人的语气和情态，不可单独作谓语，须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。 Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。 May I come in 我可以进来吗？
① can 能，会，可能 ① could可以是can的过去式，也可以表委婉语气。 ② 用can和could提问， 肯定回答都是Yes, I can； 否定都是No, I can’t/ mustn’t ③ 情态动词can无时态变化，但是be able to有时态变化
could能，会，可能
② may 也许 ① might可以是may的过去式，也可以表委婉语气。 ② 用may和might提问， 肯定回答都是Yes, you may； 否定都是No, I can’t/ mustn’t，不是may not （may not是“也许不”，不是“不可能”。）
might 也许
③ must 必须 用must和need提问， 肯定回答都是Yes, you must； 否定回答都是No, you needn’d或you don’t have to. have to表示“不得不”；mustn’t意为“禁止”，不是“不必须”
need 需要 need做情态动词后面加动词原形，也就是need do，它的否定形式是needn’t do； 而need做实义动词时固定搭配为need to do，否定则是don’t need to do 【易错题】 He needs to do. (do) He needn’t do. (do)
④ should 应该 否定形式是shouldn’t You shouldn’t talk in class.
⑤ had better 最好 had better do常缩写为’d better，否定形式为 had better not do. You’d better not miss the last bus.
⑥ dare 敢 I don't know whether he dare try. 我不知道他是否敢试一试。
二、动词短语的构成
构成方式 常见短语
动词+冠词+名词 give a concert开音乐会，have a rest休息，have a picnic野餐，have a try试一试，keep a record持纪录，leave a message留言，make a living谋生，make a speech进行演讲
动词+名词 take action采取行，take place发生/举行
动词+名词+介词 make use of利用，pay attention to注意，take pride in以……为豪
动词+介词+名词 get into trouble陷入麻烦，wait in line排队等候
动词+宾语+介词+名词 bring... to mind使想起，take... for example以……为例
动词+副词+介词 come up with想出/提出，catch up with赶上，追上，go along with一起去，keep away from远离，run out of用完
动词和动词短语练习题
考点一 实义动词
一、单项选择
It's better to __________ your rubbish into plastic，glass，paper and rubber before throwing them away.
A. move B. put C. change D. divide
Shopping bags shouldn't be thrown away. We should_____ them
A. buy B. borrow C. reuse D. repair
The government plans to __________ more jobs for young people in western China.
A. create B. avoid C. borrow D. guess
I was busy this morning and didn't have time to __________ my email.
A. waste B. punish C. believe D. check
We should __________ the friendship that we have developed in the past year.
A. value B. change C. make D. win
In America, you can open your presents immediately. You don't have to __________.
A. pay B. wait C. check D. prepare
--- He said he wanted to own a big farm.
--- Who __________ what he says He is such a big mouth.
A. knows B. wonders C. cares D. remember
Dr Bethune __________ working in spite of (尽管) cutting his hand during an operation.
A. stopped B. continued C. forgot D. enjoyed
Do not __________ more food than you can finish when you eat out.
A. order B. make C. serve D. offer
Lily，you haven't given me your address. Don't __________.
A. forget B. collect C. require D. mind
These beautiful animals are endangered. We must __________ them.
A. save B. show C. stop D. catch
I often __________ what my life will be like in the future.
A. imagine B. believe C. mean D. mind
If we can __________ the mistakes every day，we will make progress little by little.
A. make B. forget C. have D. correct
If we travel abroad，we prefer to stay in five-star hotels. That's because they __________ guests with the best service to make them feel at home.
A. produce B. provide C. prevent D. protect
--- Hi, Jill. I'd like to share with you the latest news about the height of Mount Qomolangma.
--- Really Make sure the news is true before you __________ it.
A. receive B. spread C. cancel D. hear
二、翻译句子
因为我迟到了,所以我向老师道歉了。
________________________________________________________________________
妈妈总是喜欢把我和好学生做比较。
________________________________________________________________________
我正在考虑这个暑假去国外旅游。
________________________________________________________________________
考点二 动词短语
一、单项选择
Every student is supposed to __________ a sporting activity for a healthy life.
A. come across B. put away C. turn down D. take up
Tony __________ his grandfather in the hospital last summer.
A. looked after B. laughed at C. pointed at D. ran after
WeChat becomes popular，and a lot of people like to use it to __________ each other.
A. keep in touch with B. catch up with C. keep up with D. get along with
We are supposed to __________ smart phones and take more exercise instead.
A. take up B. put away C. look into D. give out
Lang Ping is a symbol of courage and success，and we __________ her.
A. come from B. stand for C. take pride in D. get ready for
why not look __________ the new word in the dictionary You can learn its meanings.
A. up B. for C. after D.at
It is turning dark. Why not __________ the lights
A. turn on B. take away C. pick up D. put away
Michelle Obama's book Becoming __________ in 2018. It was a big success.
A. came out B. came round C. came true D. came on
Collecting stamps takes __________ the least space. I like it.
A. up B. away C. out D. off
A primary school in England has __________ signs at its three entrances, saying: Greet your child with a smile, not a mobile.
A. put into B. put off C. put on D. put up
Hawking's book A Brief History of Time came __________ after years' hard work.
A. out B. on C. down D. up
We must wait for our turn to __________ the bus.
A. get on B. take up C. make up D. put on
二、翻译句子
遗憾的是她没有按时上交作业。
________________________________________________________________________
我已经养成早起的习惯。
________________________________________________________________________
每周我都要参加几项学校活动。
________________________________________________________________________
我们校长正领着一群外国人参观我们的学校。
________________________________________________________________________
记着明天早晨6点叫醒我。
________________________________________________________________________
动画片已经赢得了很多年轻人的心。
________________________________________________________________________
考点三 情态动词
一、单项选择
You __________ stay in a hotel or as a guest with a family，but that depends on your personal choice.
A. may B. should C. must D. need
--- Must we take the underground to the airport
--- Yes，we __________. The traffic is very heavy now.
A. must B. can C. may D. would
--- Sam, __________ I join you in the community service
--- Of course, you can.
A. can B. must C. should D. need
People __________ talk on a mobile phone while they are driving.
A. shouldn't B. needn't C. must D. can
--- You __________ take photos here! Look at the sign. It says “No photos”.
--- Sorry，I won't.
A. must B. need C. mustn't D. needn't
All passengers __________ go through safety check before they take the underground.
A. can B. may C. must D. shall
Kate is from England and she __________ teach me to speak English.
A. must B. should C. can D. need
I __________ be late，so don't wait for me to start the meeting.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. need D. may
Look at the sign . You __________ take photos here.
A. couldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. won't
Lucy is good at music. She __________ play modern as well as traditional music.
A. can B. must C. should D. would
--- Is the man over there Adam
--- It __________ be him. He has gone to Hong Kong on vacation.
A. must B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't
It's four o'clock now. I __________ go, or I will miss the train.
A. can B. must C. could D. might
二、翻译句子
他肯定累了,因为他一直在看书。
________________________________________________________________________
作为学生,你不应该抄作业。
________________________________________________________________________
父母不必为孩子做一切。
________________________________________________________________________
考点四 系动词
一、单项选择
--- Mm... Your pizza __________ so nice.
--- Thanks! Would you like to try some
A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes
The dish smells delicious，but it __________ a little salty.
A. looks B. tastes C. feels D. sounds
The trip __________ really exciting to me. How I wish to go!
A. sounds B. smells C. tastes D. feels
--- Hmm，something __________ so good. Is it a cake Can I try some
--- Hand-made cookies. Still warm. Here you go.
A. feels B. looks C. smells D. tastes
--- How does the banana milk shake __________
--- Delicious. I'd like to have another glass.
A. look B. smell C. taste D. sound
The cheese cake __________ so good that I can't wait to eat it.
A. tastes B. feels C. sounds D. smells
What a beautiful song! It __________ so sweet.
A. feels B. sounds C. tastes D. smells
Don't drink the milk. It has __________ sour.
A. tasted B. gone C. got D. felt
It __________ like the singing of the birds.
A. sounds B. looks C. smells D. tastes
His face __________ red when he heard the news.
A. got B. looked C. turned D. seemed
He __________ a famous writer when he was twenty-five.
A. turned B. became C. got D. kept
The store will __________ open until midnight tonight.
A. go B. stay C. look D. seem
二、翻译句子
老师让我们在教室里保持安静。
________________________________________________________________________
妈妈知道我的成绩后很生气。
________________________________________________________________________
他的口音听起来像唱歌。(口音accent)
________________________________________________________________________
综合练习
一、单项选择
My deskmate and I are going to __________ a talk show at the party to celebrate my mother's birthday.
A. hand in B. put on C. take out D. get off
Tina comes to China in order to experience Chinese culture and __________ which university is the best for her to attend.
A. put out B. stay out C. find out D. run out
---Some people don't show their talents at the very beginning.
--- I agree. Even Einstein __________ read until he was seven.
A. can't B. mustn't C. couldn't D. needn't
Again and again, the doctor __________ the crying baby girl，but he couldn't find out what was wrong with her.
A. looked over B. looked after C. looked for D. looked out
It's impolite to __________ your teacher's office without knocking at the door.
A. describe B. check C. choose D. enter
It's a rule that students __________ bring mobile phones to our school.
A. mustn't B. wouldn't C. needn't D. couldn't
It's wasteful to __________ the plastic bottles everywhere.
A. clean up B. throw away C. take down D. fall off
Don't __________ any more time，or we will miss the meeting.
A. save B. trust C. waste D. love
The scarf is beautiful and it __________ soft and smooth.
A. feels B. smells C. sounds D. tastes
When our school football team __________ the other team，we all cheered loudly.
A. won B. beat C. managed D. entered
二、用所给词适当形式填空
If you ____________ to Diana about the matter，I will have to ____________ her about it instead. (tell/say/talk)
You should be careful and ____________ your things on the train. When you get to Beijing, never ____________ to call me. (forget/leave)
I wanted ____________ a book from her, but she refused ____________ it to me. (borrow/lend)
Our national volleyball team ____________ the Japanese team and ____________ the match again. What exciting news it was! (beat/ win)
It ____________ us a whole day to visit the museum and the visit ____________ us nothing, that meant I ____________ any money to enter it. What's more, I enjoyed ____________ time with my friends. (spend/pay/cost/take)
To help those people suffering from the flood, we ____________ some money at school last week. (raise/rise)
A new library ____________ in our city in a few months' time，and it ____________ an area of 3,ooo square kilometers. (take up/set up)
My mum ____________ an invitation to the party this morning and she decided ____________ it. (receive/ accept)
This website can ____________ the netizens(网民）with the latest news, and it also ____________ us a good chance to share our opinions with each other. (offer/provide)
After ____________ this dress，she decided to buy it. (try out/try on)
考点 7 动 词参考答案
考点一 1~5 DCADA 6~10 BCBAA 11~15 AADBB
1. I apologised to my teacher for being late./I apologized to my teacher because I was late.
2. Mum always likes to compare me with top students.3.I'm considering going abroad for travelling this summer vacation.
考点二 1~4 DAAB 5~8 CAAA 9~12 ADAA
1. It was a pity that she didn't hand in her homework on time.
2. I have got into the habit of getting up early.
3. I take part in several school activities every week.
4. Our headmaster is showing a group of foreigners around our school.
5. Remember to wake me up at 6 tomorrow morning.6.Cartoons have won the hearts of many young people
考点三 1～4 AAAA 5~8 CCCD 9~12 CABB
1.He must be tired，because he is reading all the time.
2. As a student，you shouldn't copy homework
3. Parents needn't do everything for their children.
考点四 1~4 ABAC 5~8 CDBB 9~12 ACBB
1. The teacher asks us to keep quiet in the classroom.
2. My mother got angry when she knew my grades.3.His accent sounds like singing.
综合练习 1~5 BCCAD 6~10 ABCAB
l. don't talk; tell 2. don't leave; forget 3. to borrow; to lend
4. beat; won 5. took; cost; didn't pay; spending 6. raised
7. will be set up; will take up 8. received; to accept 9. provide; offers 10. trying on
2 / 2考点 8 动词的时态
一、一般现在时
定义 经常存在或者反复发生的动作和状态。 客观事实。 真理和科学事实。
结构 V + 其他 / V单三 + 其他 谓语动词使用单三的几种情况： 1) 第三人称单数（He，She，It） 2) 人名、地名、书名 3) 可数名词单数，不可数名词 4) 不定代词to do和doing。e.g. To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.
时间标志词 every类：every day, every week, every month, every year等… 扩展：every day（是adv，在句中充当时间状语）； everyday（是adj，在句中充当定语） 频率类： 表示“多久一次”：once a week 频率副词： always＞usually＞often＞sometimes＞seldom＞never（×） 表示“有时”的短语：from time to time, at times, once in a while 易错题：I _______ to school at six last year. (go) 注意：当一句话只有一个或一组表示频率的词（组）才用一般现在时。
二、一般将来时
定义 表示将来某一时段的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。
结构 1) will do 2) be going to do 易错点： 表示乌云密布用be going to， e.g. Look at the clouds, it is going to rain. 有迹象的事物用will， e.g. The weather is hotter and hotter, it will rain. There is going to be a football match. （注意这里be不能换成have或hold）
时间标志词 next类 tomorrow，the day after tomorrow in 2028（未来的时间点） in+时间段（用How soon提问） in the future soon 很快 this evening/ afternoon from now on 从现在开始 before long 不久以后 扩展：瞬时性动词用进行时表将来（通常是位移类动词，考单选）e.g. The bus is coming.
三、一般过去时
定义 表示过去经常存在或者反复发生的动作和状态。
结构 Ved（动词的过去式） + 其他 动词变过去式的规则： 直接在词尾+ed 以e结尾的单词直接+d 以辅音字母+y结尾的，去y + ied 以辅元辅结尾的，双写+ed 不规则变化 e.g. go → went
时间标志词 last类 / …ago类 yesterday，the day before yesterday in 1998（in+过去的时间点） in the past 在过去 just now 刚才 this morning 今早 from then on 从那时起 the other day 几天前 after +时间段 多久之后
四、现在进行时
定义 1) 表示现在进行的动作或存在的状态 2) 最近一段时间一直做的事情或存在的状态
结构 am/ is/ are doing
时间标志词 now，right now 现在 at the moment，at this time 此刻 特定情景：look，listen，be quiet，-Where is Lucy？- Lucy is doing at present 目前 these days 这些天
五、过去进行时
定义 过去某个时间点或时间段正在做的事。
结构 was/ were doing
时间标志词 at that time，at that moment 在那时 at this time yesterday at 7:00 yesterday from 2 to 6 yesterday when和while所引导的时间状语从句
六、现在完成时
定义 1) 表示发生在过去的动作，一直持续到现在（也可能持续到将来）。 2) 表示发生在过去的动作，对现在甚至将来产生了某种影响。
结构 have/ has done（过去分词）
时间标志词 since+时间点 since+时间段+ago for+时间段 （用How long提问） just 【注意和just now区分】 already 已经【用于肯定句，在助动词之后】 yet 已经，尚未【在否定句中，翻译成“还，尚未”；在疑问句中，翻译成“已经”】 never 从未 ever 曾经 before 之前，从前 so far = up to now = by now 目前为止 twice 两次
其他考点 辨析“去过”和“去了”等： have / has gone to 去了某地 have / has been to 去过某地 have / has been in 在某地 瞬时性动词和延续性动词与状态的转化 ① leave sp. → be away ② come back/ return sp. → be in/ at/ here ③ open → be open ④ close → be closed ⑤ buy → have ⑥ borrow → keep ⑦ join（in）+组织/ 活动 → in+组织/ be a member of+组织 ⑧ become → be ⑨ die → be dead 常考句型 It is / has been + 时间段 + since + 从句（一般过去时） 【主完从过】 sth / sb is the + 最高级 + n + that + 从句（现在完成时）
时态练习题
一、单项选择
(2020大连一模) Things __________ much easier if we work in groups.
A. be B. were C. will be D. have bee
(2021大连一模) It's 4 o'clock in the afternoon. Ms Green __________ afternoon tea with her friends.
A. has B. is having C. had D. was having
(2021安徽中考) --- Our computer is working again!
--- Yes，Our IT teacher __________ it. It took him about an hour.
A. has fixed B. will fix C. is fixing D. was fixing
(2021北京中考) --- Lily, what do you usually do after school
--- I __________ exercise with my friends.
A. do B. did C. will do D. was doing
(2021天津中考) Listen! Our science teacher __________ the use of the robot.
A. explains B. explained C. is explaining D. has explained
(2019大连二模) We __________ some volunteer work in the community next weekend.
A. do B. will do C. were doing D. have done
(2020大连一模) My dad __________ at least 10,000 steps every day.
A. walks B. is walking C. will walk D. has walked
2019大连一模 ) My family is planning a journey. We __________ Xi'an first.
A. visit B. will visit C. visited D. have visited
2019大连一模) The Wandering Earth __________ a huge success since it was shown in February.
A. achieves B. achieved C. is achieving D. has achieve
(2020大连一模) China_ __________ a lot to protect pandas since 1980.
A. does B. did C. has done D. is doing
二、翻译句子
我听说你正在为一场作文比赛做准备。
________________________________________________________________________
据说他已经出国了。
________________________________________________________________________
上周的这个时候我在和朋友看电影。
________________________________________________________________________
--- 你什么时候开始学习英语的 --- 5岁。
________________________________________________________________________
爸爸总是喜欢周末和朋友们去钓鱼。
________________________________________________________________________
我打算五一假期去爬山。
________________________________________________________________________
综合练习
一、用所给词适当形式
Rainy days make me relaxed. I love drinking tea while it ____________. (rain)
She promises she ____________ us some flowers tomorrow. (send)
Although Lucy ____________ to the Great Wall twice, she wants to visit it a third time. (be)
When you called me last night，I ____________ a novel with my sister. (read)
The invention of smart phones ____________ the world in many ways. (change)
Everyone knows that the sun ____________ in the east and sets in the west. (rise)
二、选词填空
have help be find catch arrive at
On very cold winter days, a group of Japanese children travelled a long way and 1. ____________ a small island where nobody lived. After setting up a camp, they 2. ____________ fish in the sea，and walked on the snow to find firewood, wild fruit and fresh water，and then they made a fire to do some cooking. They 3. ____________ homeless children or modern Robinson.
Every year primary and middle schools in Japan 4. ____________ such camps to train the children's spirit of bearing hardship(困难). The places like thick forests and far-off mountains are often chosen as camp places.
The Japanese education circles usually think it necessary to give children chances of suffering hardships. Children in Japan now may hardly 5. ____________ times of hardship, because of the rapid growth of national economy and improvement in the people 's living conditions. The experts think that such hardship camps can 6. ____________ children learn to live and develop in the struggle against nature in modern society.
考点 8 动词的时态参考答案
1~5 CBAAC 6~10 BABDC
1. I hear that you are preparing for a writing competition.
2. It is said that he has gone abroad.
3. I was seeing a film with my friend at this time last week.
4. ---When did you begin to learn English ---At the age of 5.
5. My father always likes going fishing with his friends at weekends.
6. I plan to climb mountains during the May Day holiday.
综合练习
1. is raining 2. will send 3. has been 4. was reading 5. has changed
6. rises
1. arrived at 2. caught 3. weren't/ were not 4. have 5. find 6.help
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