人教版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions词汇讲解课件(共58张PPT)

(共58张PPT)
Unit 4 History And Traditions
key words &phrases
Section 1
拓展词汇
1．individual adj.单独的；个别的 n．个人→ ______________ adv.分别地； 单独地；个别地
2．chief adj.最重要的；最高级别的 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长→ _________ adv.主要地； 首要地
3．puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑→ _________ adj.迷惑的→ __________ adj.令人迷惑的
individually　
chiefly　
puzzled　
puzzling　
Section 1
4．belong vi.应在(某处)；适应→ ____________ n．财产，所有物；行李
5．defence n．防御；保卫→ ________ vt.防护；防卫
6．legal adj.法律的；合法的→ _________ adv.合法地→ ___________ adv.违法地；非法地→ _________ adj.非法的
7．surround vt.围绕；包围→ _____________ adj.周围的
→ ______________ n．环境
8．evidence n．证据；证明→ _________ adj.明显的
belongings　
defend　
legally　
illegally　
illegal　
surrounding　
surroundings　
evident　
Section 1
9．achievement n．成就；成绩；达到→ _________ vt.完成；达到
10．location n．地方；地点；位置→ _________ adj.位于→ ________ vt.使坐落于vi.定位；定居
11．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称→ ______________ n．声明；宣告→ ___________ n．广播员，告知者
12．generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的→ ____________ adv.慷慨地；宽大地；丰盛地→ ____________ n．慷慨
achieve　
located　
locate　
announcement　
announcer　
generously　
generosity　
Section 2
重点词汇讲解
1 .★defence n．防御；保卫
①It is our duty to defend our motherland.
保卫祖国是我们的职责。
[归纳拓展]
(1)in defence (of)　　　　　 保卫(……)
(2)defend vt. 防御；保卫；保护；辩护
defend oneself 自卫；为自己辩护
defend against 抵御
defend sb. from/against 保护某人免受……
　defend的宾语是保护的对象，而against后接的是防御的对象。
[对点训练]
②Most countries have armies for their _______ (defend)．
(2)完成句子
③He gave his life _____________ his country.
他为保卫祖国而献出了生命。
④He made a long speech __________________________________________
objection.
他作了长篇演讲来保护他的观点不遭反对。
defence
in defence of
defending/to defend his views from/against
2． eager
★eager adj.热切的；渴望的
be eager to do sth.　　　渴望做某事
be eager for sth. 求某事物
be eager in 衷于
[辨析]　eager, anxious
单词 释义
eager 强调“对成功的期望”或“进取的热情”，含有积极向上的意思
anxious 强调“焦急；担心”，表示对结果感到不安
[对点训练]
(1)单句语法填空
②The little girl, who is helped by the Project Hope, is eager _____ knowledge
and eager _______(make) progress, so she is eager ____ her study and is
always praised by her teachers.
(2)选词填空：eager/anxious
③She is ______ to go to college, but ________ about not passing the College Entrance Examination.
她渴望上大学，但担心无法通过高考。
for
to make
in
eager
anxious
3．★puzzle n．迷；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑
①I am in a puzzle about the matter.
＝I am puzzled with the matter.
我对这事大惑不解。
[对点训练]　
②This letter ________ (puzzle) me, as we all know.
③I find the question _________ (puzzle)．
④He looked ________ (puzzle) so I repeated the question.
puzzles
puzzling
puzzled
[归纳拓展]
(1)be in a puzzle (about) 对(……)感到困惑不解
a puzzle to sb. 对某人来说是个谜
(2)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的
puzzled adj. 感到困惑的
be puzzled with/about 对……困惑不解
4． broke away from
★break away (from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱
①He has broken away from the habit of being late.
他已经改掉了迟到的习惯。
[归纳拓展]
break in 　 打断；插嘴；强行闯入(不及物动词短语)
break into 突然开始；强行闯入(及物动词短语)
break out (战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生
break up 分解；解散；(关系)破裂
[对点训练]　
②The boy was so angry that he broke away ______ his mother and ran away.
③As the President's car arrived, the crowd broke ______ loud applause.
④When the news came that the war broke _______he decided to serve in the army.
from
into
out
5． belong to
★belong vi.应在(某处)；适应
①The students feel that they belong to a particular group.
学生们觉得他们属于一个特殊的群体。
②We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.
我们正在寻找这本书的主人。
[名师点津]　belong to中的to是介词，该短语既不能用于被动语态，也不能用于进行时态；作后置定语时，形式为“... belonging to”。
[对点训练] No matter what happens, this island belongs ____ China.
④As is known to us, China is a country _________ (belong) to the Third World.
⑤The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their __________ (belong) when they leave the car.
to
belonging
belongings
6．as well as
★as well as同(一样也)；和；还
①Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome
when returning to the village last week.
上周艾米和她的兄弟们回到村子里的时候受到了热烈的欢迎。
[归纳拓展]
(1)as well as 常在句中连接两个并列的句子成分(若连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致)；
(2)as well “除……之外；也；还”，常位于肯定句句末，无需用逗号与句子分开；
(3)may/might as well do sth. 只好做某事；做某事倒也无妨
[对点训练]　
②I can speak fluent English and I can speak French _____ well.
③Many students as well as Tom ______ (be) present at the meeting.
④Now that you have a good chance, you may/might ____ well make full use of it.
as
were
as
8．★surround vt.围绕；包围
①Once upon a time, a king who was polite to surrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings.
从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王，他对邻邦十分友好。
[ 归纳拓展]
(1)surround ... with/by ...　 以……包围……
be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的
surroundings n. 环境
[对点训练]　
②They surrounded the sick girl _______ every comfort.
③Jill was sitting on the floor __________ (surround) by boxes.
with/by
surrounded
9 evidence
(1)There is some/no evidence that ...有/没有证据证明……
in evidence 显眼；显而易见
(2)evident adj. 明显的；明白的
It‘s evident that ... 很明显……
evidently adv. 显然；明显地；清楚地
[对点训练]　
②There's some evidence _____ outdoor activities are good for us.
③At present we have no ______ (evident) of life on other planets.　
④___ is evident that his house was completely destroyed in the earthquake.
⑤Poverty is much ___evidence in the city slums.
that
evidence
It
in
10． achievements
★achievement n．[C]成就；成绩；达到
[ 归纳拓展]
(1)a sense of achievement　　 成就感
(2)achieve vt. 完成；达到
vi. 成功
achieve one‘s success 获得成功
achieve one‘s goal 达到目标
[对点训练]　
②That surely gave us a great ____________________.
那无疑给了我们很大的成就感。
③It takes hard work to _________________________.
要取得最终的成功需要努力工作。
④She hoped to ________________ to become a singer.
她希望实现自己的目标，成为一名歌手。
sense of achievement
achieve the final success
achieve her goal
10．So what is the difference between them, if any
那么如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？
句中的if any是if there is any difference的省略形式。if any 为省略句式，意为“如果有的话”， if 用作连词。if 的其他省略结构：
if necessary　　　　　　 如果有必要的话
if possible 如果有可能的话
if not 如果不这样的话
if so 如果这样的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
[对点训练]　
①Will you get a free evening next week ____let's have a dinner.
下周你会有一个晚上的空吗？如果有，让我们一起吃顿饭吧。
②Is everybody feeling cold ________let's open the window.
大家感到冷吗？如果不，让我们把窗户打开吧。
③______________you can turn to me.
如果有必要的话，你可以向我求助。
④Please try to find out the differences between the two words. ________speak it out.
试着找出这两个单词的不同点。如果有，请大声说出来。
If so,
If not,
If necessary,
If any,
12．Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the
UK”．
大多数人只是使用简称：“联合王国”。
句中shortened是过去分词作前置定语。过去分词还可作后置定语和宾语补足语。
①They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same
currency and military defence.(过去分词短语作后置定语)
像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。
②They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal
system.(过去分词作宾语补足语)
在英国周围，他们四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。
13．Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence
of four different groups of people who took over at different times
throughout history.
英国历史上有四个不同民族在不同历史时期执掌这个国家。无论你身处
英国何方，这些民族的遗迹都随处可见。
everywhere用作连词，意为“无论哪里”，引导状语从句。
[对点训练]　
①_______________________the entire city went up in flames.
到处都燃起了火，整个城市陷入一片火海。
②_____________________she receives a warm welcome.
无论走到哪里，她都受到热烈欢迎。
Fires broke out everywhere,
Everywhere she goes,
14．They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.
他们引入了英语的雏形，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
定语从句people built houses修饰先行词the way，其前省略了关系词that/in which，此时关系词在定语从句中作方式状语。
the way作先行词时，若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则关系词用that/which；作宾语时，还可省略。
[对点训练]　
①What surprised me was not what he said but __________________.
使我吃惊的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式。
②I don't like the way she speaks to you.
＝I don't like the way ________ she speaks to you.
＝I don't like the way ____ she speaks to you.
我不喜欢她跟你讲话的方式。
the way he said it
in which
that
③The way __________ came up at the meeting was unpractical.
在会议上提出来的方法是不切实际的。
④There is another way ___________________________ to solve the problem.
有另外一个你能够选择的方法来解决这个问题。
that/which
(that/which) you can choose
15．If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。
keep your eyes open中的open是形容词，作宾语补足语，修饰your eyes。
(1)“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构有以下几种形式：
(2)“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构有以下几种形式：
[对点训练]　
①That she hadn't kept her mind ____ her work resulted in the failure.
②The other students in the class keep their eyes _____ (close)．
③You should make your views _______ (know)．
④Every day my parents make me have an egg.
→Every day I am made _________ an egg by my parents.
我父母每天要我吃一个鸡蛋。
on
closed
known
to have
16．★charge n．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电
①You are not in charge of the universe; you are in charge of yourself.
你不是宇宙的主宰；但你可以主宰你自己。
[归纳拓展]
(1)charge (sb.) for sth. 为……(向某人)收费/要价
charge sb. with sth. 　 指控某人某事
(2)in charge (of ...) 主管/看管/负责(……)
take charge of ... 负责/看管……
in/under the charge of sb.＝in one's charge 在某人的掌管之下
free of charge 免费
[对点训练]　
②The hotel charges 200 yuan a day for this room.
这家旅馆的这个房间每天收费200元。
③The police ______________________ stealing the jewels.
警方指控那个小偷偷窃珠宝。
④The company was badly organized before she ____________ it.
在她掌管之前，这家公司管理很差。
⑤The company is ________________ Tom when the boss is away.
＝Tom is ____________ the company when the boss is away.
当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。
charged the thief with
took charge of
in the charge of
in charge of
17．★announce vt.宣布；通知；声称
①The announcer made an announcement that all the details should be announced through the broadcast.
广播员宣布所有的细节都应通过广播公布出来。
[ 归纳拓展]
(1)announce sth.(to sb.) (向某人)宣布、通告某事
announce that ... 宣布……；通知……
It is/was announced that ... 据宣布……
(2)announcement n. 通知；通告
make an announcement 　　 宣布；下通知
(3)announcer n. 广播员；播音员
　★★ 动词announce后不跟双宾语，表示“向某人宣布某事”时应该说announce sth. to sb.或announce to sb. sth.。类似用法的单词还有suggest, explain, report, say等。
[ 对点训练]　
②He said the lucky woman ________________________________ and the trip will be shared online.
他说这位幸运的女士将在网站上公布出来，整个旅行也会在线分享。
③One day with a basket of vegetables, he _____________ he was going to cook a delicious dish.
一天他带着一篮子的蔬菜，向我们宣布他将烹饪一道佳肴。
④At the end of the meeting, it __________________ an agreement had been reached.
会议最后宣布已达成一项协议。
will be announced on the website
announced to us that
was announced that
18．★amount n．金额；数量
①Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens.
今天8美元或10美元似乎是一个小数目的钱，但在当时这些数额对大多数公民是禁止的。
[归纳拓展]
(1)“a large amount of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
(2)“large amounts of ＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
[联想发散]　表示“大量的”短语还有a large number of, a great deal of, plenty of, a large quantity of 等。
①a great deal of只能修饰不可数名词；
②a large number of只能修饰可数名词复数；
③a lot of, plenty of, a large quantity of既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。
[对点训练]　
②A large amount of damage _____________ (do) to the city in a very short time.
③People in disaster areas have had ______________________ from people all over the world.
灾区人民得到了全世界人们的大量帮助。
has been done
a large amount of help
19．★approach n．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近
①She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.
她还接触了牙医，学习更多有关清洁牙齿的知识。
[ 归纳拓展]
(1)an approach to (doing) sth.　 (做)某事的方法/途径
at the approach of 在快到……的时候
make approaches to sb. 想接近某人；想与某人打交道
(2)approachable adj. 可接近的；友好的
[应用融会]
(1)单句语法填空
②Yesterday we held a meeting and made an approach __ the low carbon life.
③We found him very ____________ (approach) and easy to talk with.
(2)完成句子
④Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, __________________ from
behind, and planted herself right in front of my view.
不幸的是，正当我拿出相机的时候，一位女士从后面走了过来，站在了我
眼前，挡住了我的视线。
⑤__________________ the cinema, he stopped and waited for his friends.
在快到电影院时，他停下来等他的朋友。
to
approachable
a woman approached
At the approach of
20．★generous adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
①The young man is very generous with his time in helping others.
这个年轻人在帮助别人方面很慷慨。
[ 归纳拓展]
(1)be generous to sb. 　 对某人慷慨
be generous with sth. 在某方面大方；不吝啬某物
It's generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是慷慨
(2)generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地
generosity n. 慷慨；大方
[对点训练]　
②These volunteers are very generous ____ the old men.
③It is generous of you _________ (lend) your smartphone to me.
④She is well known for her ____________ (generous)．
to
to lend
generosity
[归纳拓展]
(1)a feast for　　　　　　　 对……大饱眼福/耳福
a wedding feast 婚宴
(2)feast on/upon sth. 尽情享用某物
feast your eyes (on sb./sth.) 尽情欣赏；大饱眼福；赏心悦目
21.★feast n．盛宴；宴会；节日
[对点训练]　
①The evening party was ____________ for music lovers.
这个晚会真是让音乐爱好者大饱耳福。
②We __________ chicken and roast potatoes.
我们饱餐了一顿鸡肉和烤土豆。
③If you like luxury cars, __________________ these.
要是你喜欢豪华轿车的话，就好好欣赏这些吧。
a real feast
feasted on
feast your eyes on
22. ★roll vi.& vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动n.卷(轴)；翻滚
[归纳拓展]
(1)roll up　　　　　　　 卷起； (转动把手)关闭；到达
roll over 翻身；翻滚；翻转
roll back 击退；降低
roll in 大量涌来
(2)a roll of 一卷
rock and roll 摇滚乐
[对点训练]　
①Rolling the window __ he gave the man a sum of money.
②I rolled the baby ____ onto its stomach.
③The car began to roll ____ down the hill.
④He took out a roll __ newspapers from under his arm.
up
over
back
of
23★greet vt.问候；迎候
[归纳拓展]
(1)greet sb.　　　　　　 迎接/问候某人
greet sb. with ... 用……迎接某人
be greeted with/by sth. 对某事做出某种反应
(2)greeting n. 问候；招呼；祝贺
a greeting card 贺卡
(3)greeter n. 迎宾；门迎
[对点训练]　
②He ______________________ warmly as they arrived.
客人到达时他都热情接待。
③They ___________________ and sat down to lunch.
他们相互致意后便坐下吃午饭。
④He _______ his teacher ____ “good morning”．
他向老师说了句“早安”。
greeted all the guests
exchanged greetings
greeted
with
24．★custom n．风俗；习俗；习惯
[归纳拓展]
customs and habits　　 风俗习惯
an old/ancient custom 旧的/古老的习俗
a local custom 当地的风俗习惯
It's the custom (for sb.) to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是一种习俗
[名师点津]　复数customs还专指“海关；关税”。a customs officer“一名海关官员”。
[易混辨析]　custom, habit
单词 释义
custom 指一个国家、一个地区或社会许多人长期形成的“风俗，习俗”，表示“习惯”时，与habit同义
habit 指一个人的“习惯；习性”。eating habits“饮食习惯”
[对点训练]
①It ___________________ to hold a party to celebrate the harvest every year.
每年举行聚会庆祝丰收已成为一种习俗。
②______________________ to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival.
中国人民在春节期间吃水饺是一种习俗。
has become a custom
It is a custom for Chinese people
(2)选词填空：custom/habit
③The celebration of the Spring Festival in China is a ______.
在中国过春节是一种习俗。
④He has formed a good _____ of studying since an early age.
他从小就养成了学习的好习惯。
custom
habit
25．★crowed adj.拥挤的；挤满人(或物)的
[归纳拓展]
crowd n．　　　　　　人群；一群人；民众
vt. 挤满；使……拥挤
a crowd of/crowds of 一群；许多
crowd into ... 挤进……
crowd in (on sb.) (想法、问题等)涌上(某人心头)；
涌入(某人脑海)
be crowded with 充满……，满是……
[对点训练]　
②Hundreds of people crowded ____ the nearby church for the wedding.
③Too many wonderful thoughts were crowding __ on her.
④In _______ ( crowd ) places like airports and railway stations, you must take care of your luggage.
⑤The studio was _______ (crowd) with visitors.
⑥In the courtyard of a farmhouse, there is a herd of cattle and _ crowd of people.
into
in
crowded
crowded
a