2024届高考英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化专题02 中国民俗 茶文化 （素材+语法填空+书面表达）（含答案）

高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化
中国民俗 茶文化（素材+语法填空+书面表达）
第一部分 话题素材积累
北京时间2022年11月29日晚，“中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗”被列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。
Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices in China were added to UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on November 29, 2022.
Origins
中国茶文化起源
Tea is native to China，and Chinese tea culture has a long history.
中国是茶的故乡，中国的茶文化有着非常悠久的历史。
Originally tea was used as a medicine instead of a drink. It was said that Shennong，the legendary ruler in ancient China，once tasted a lot of plants and was poisoned many times. It was tea that helped him get rid of the poisoning effect. Later the ancient Chinese got to know more and more about tea，and instead of being regarded as a medicine, it became a drink.So originally, tea was only used as medicine and well-renowned for its medicinal properties. Aside from this sometimes tea was used for cooking.
最初茶被用作药物而不是饮品。传说，古代中国神话中的统治者神农曾尝遍百草，并因此多次中毒。正是茶帮助他消除了中毒的影响。因此，最初，茶只被用作药物，并因其药用价值而闻名。除此以外，有时茶还被用于烹饪。
Kinds
中国茶种类
There are fifteen major tea-producing provinces in the Chinese Mainland, and Taiwan also produces tea. Chinese teas are generally divided into six major types, mainly according to the method of production. These types are green tea, black tea, Oolong tea, white tea, yellow tea, and dark tea.
中国大陆有十五个主要产茶省份，台湾也产茶。中国的茶叶一般分为六大类，主要是根据生产方法来划分的。这些类型是绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶、白茶、黄茶和黑茶。
Besides these, there are processed sorts such as jasmine tea and compressed tea. Each type has its representative “celebrity tea”, each with its unique appearance and aroma, and some are even associated with beautiful legends.
除此以外，还有一些经过加工的种类，如茉莉花茶和压缩茶。每种类型都有其代表性的 "名人茶"，每一种都有其独特的外观和香气，有些甚至与美丽的传说有关。
1. Green Tea
Green tea is the oldest type of tea in China, and it is also produced there in the greatest quantities. Many provinces and cities are renowned for their production of green tea, the most eminent provinces being Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Anhui. In green tea the leaves are not fermented, so they largely retain the original flavor of tea, which is simple, elegant, and enduring. At first sip, green tea may taste a little thin, but after a while, it gains a fragrance in the mouth that lingers.
绿茶是中国最古老的茶叶类型，也是中国产量最大的茶叶。许多省市都以生产绿茶而闻名，最突出的省份是浙江、江西和安徽。在绿茶中，茶叶没有经过发酵，所以它们在很大程度上保留了茶的原始味道，即简单、优雅和持久。刚开始喝的时候，绿茶的味道可能有点淡，但过了一会儿，它的香味就会在口中萦绕。
2. Black Tea
Black tea is a type of fermented tea; originating from green tea after it is mixed, kneaded, fermented, dried, and otherwise processed. Tea made from green tea leaves is a fresh green while that made using black tea is orange-red. What is more important is that black tea does not undergo the processes of green steaming or green frying, but is fermented, during which time the tea leaves go through chemical reactions. While green tea retains the thin and refreshing flavor of the leaves, the fermented black tea gives a stronger and thicker flavor.
红茶是一种发酵茶；起源于绿茶，经过混合、揉捏、发酵、干燥和其他处理。用绿茶叶制成的茶是鲜绿色的，而用红茶制成的茶是橙红色的。更重要的是，红茶没有经过绿色蒸煮或绿色炒制的过程，而是经过发酵，在此期间，茶叶经历了化学反应。绿茶保留了茶叶的薄而清爽的味道，而发酵后的红茶则有更强更厚的味道。
3. Oolong Tea
Oolong tea is somewhat intermediate between green and black tea. The finishing technique is that of green tea, but the preparation involves fermentation like black tea – it is a semi-fermented tea. It, therefore, has characteristics of both green and black tea: the fresh and clear flavor of green tea and the thick and luscious fragrance of black tea.
乌龙茶在某种程度上介于绿茶和红茶之间。它的加工技术是绿茶的加工技术，但准备工作涉及像红茶一样的发酵--它是一种半发酵的茶。因此，它兼具绿茶和红茶的特点：绿茶的清新味道和红茶的浓郁香味。
Fenghuang Dancong (Phoenix Mountain Select) tea, is one of the three great varieties of Oolong tea, all equally famous, the other two being the tea from the slopes of Wuyi Mountain, and Tieguanyin tea from Anxi.
凤凰单丛（凤凰山精选）茶是乌龙茶的三大品种之一，与另外两个是武夷山山坡的茶和安溪的铁观音同样出名。
4. Dark Tea
Dark tea was invented by accident. Long ago, in order to supply tea to the ethnic groups of the northwest, tea produced in Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, and other places had to be transported to the north by sea, and then to the northwest via the Silk Road. In ship cabins and on horseback, the alternating damp and dry conditions caused major changes to the chemical composition of the leaves, and also turned them blackish-brown. In spite of this, they still give off a rare fragrance, and this type of tea quickly came to be appreciated by the locals.
黑茶的发明是个意外。很久以前，为了向西北民族供应茶叶，云南、四川、湖北、湖南等地生产的茶叶必须通过海路运到北方，然后再通过丝绸之路运到西北地区。在船舱和马背上，潮湿和干燥交替的环境使茶叶的化学成分发生重大变化，也使它们变成了黑褐色。尽管如此，它们仍然散发出罕见的香味，这种类型的茶很快就受到了当地人的喜爱。
5. Yellow Tea
Like dark tea, yellow tea was also a chance discovery when making green tea. People found that if leaves were not dried promptly after being finished, kneaded, and twisted, they would turn yellow in color, forming yellow tea. At first, people regarded yellow tea simply as bad-quality green tea. But some came to prefer the flavor of yellow tea, which gradually became one of the six major tea types. It's a type of fermented tea. Junshan Silver Needle of Hunan and Mengdi Yellow Shoot of Sichuan are two representatives of yellow tea.
和黑茶一样，黄茶也是在制作绿茶时偶然发现的。人们发现，如果茶叶在加工、揉捻后没有及时干燥，就会变成黄色，形成黄茶。起初，人们把黄茶简单地视为质量不好的绿茶。但有些人开始喜欢黄茶的味道，逐渐成为六大茶类之一。它是发酵茶的一种。湖南的君山银针和四川的蒙地黄芽是黄茶的两个代表。
6. White Tea
White tea is slightly fermented. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, people regarded white tea as very valuable, but at that time white tea was just a rare kind of tea tree whose leaves were white, not the same as the white tea we know today. White Hair Silver Needle and White Peony produced in Fujian are representatives of white tea.
白茶是经过轻微发酵的。在唐宋时期，人们将白茶视为非常珍贵的东西，但当时的白茶只是一种罕见的茶树，其叶子是白色的，与我们今天知道的白茶不一样。
福建生产的白毛银针和白牡丹是白茶的代表。
Occasions
喝茶的场景
In China, tea is believed to be a drink that connects and bonds people together with care, respect, honor, and affection.Apart from happy occasions alone, tea also replaced alcohol in ritual occasions such as funerals and for offerings deities.
在中国，茶被认为是一种饮料，它以关怀、尊重、荣誉和亲情将人们联系在一起。除了高兴的场合外，在葬礼和供奉神灵等礼仪场合，茶也取代了酒。
China is a country with an ancient civilization, and a country of propriety and etiquette. When guests come, the etiquette of making tea and honoring tea is essential. On diplomatic occasions, China’s president has repeatedly invited foreign leaders to
drink tea and talk about a friendly future.
中国是文明古国，礼仪之邦，很重礼节。凡来了客人，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪是必不可少的。在外交场合，中国的领导人也多次与外国领导人一同“茶叙”，共话友好未来。
As such, tea can be found throughout a raft of occasions in china, meaning tea is a part of almost every formal and informal occasion in China.
因此，在中国的许多场合都可以看到茶。这意味着茶是中国几乎所有正式和非正式场合的一部分。
Words and Expressions
红茶 black tea
绿茶 green tea
白茶 white tea
黄茶 yellow tea
乌龙茶 oolong tea
黑茶 dark tea
龙井茶West Lake Longjing Tea
毛尖Maojian Tea of Mount Huangshan （Anhui Province）
普洱茶Pu’er tea (Yunnan Province)
第二部分 话题语法填空
一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China is the home of tea. Since ancient times, tea 1 (become) part of Chinese culture, leaving its smell in poems and customs. Many tea lovers enjoy tea not only for its taste, 2 also for the beauty of tea ceremonies.
Traditionally, picking tea leaves is an important activity in spring in South China. The earliest batch (批) of tea is often ready to be picked before Qingming, in early April 3 the temperature begins to rise and rain increases. This kind of tea, 4 is called Mingqian tea, is 5 (high) praised for its good quality.
East China’s Zhejiang province is considered as 6 major producer of tea. White Tea in Huzhou city’s Anji county and West Lake Longjing Tea in Hangzhou are famous in both China and abroad. In spring, local hills of those places are filled with tea workers 7 work on their land. In the busy seasons, 8 (tourist) from different areas of the country travel there 9 (see) the sights of tea farms and enjoy a freshly prepared cup of tea.
Thousands of years ago, by the hands of the Chinese people, a leaf 10 (make) into a delicious drink. It has traveled a long way and continues to play a role in Chinese culture.
二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s conventional tea-making techniques and their social practices have successfully been included in the UNESCO’s world intangible culture heritage list.
“Stove boiled tea”, 11 new way of drinking tea, has been popular inChina. The process of drinking tea has a sense of ritual (仪式), and so far the ceremony 12 (become) a new favorite of young people.
Usually, the process of boiling tea on a stove 13 (consist ) of lightly roasting tea leaves before making tea, sometimes with rosebuds (玫瑰花蕾), in a pot over a stove. The art of boiling tea is a time-consuming process, 14 requires constant attention to the temperature in order to properly “cook” it. People sit around the stove and have snacks such as fruits, nuts and desserts with their hot tea. It’s a pleasure to chat with friends while having this new style of tea.
People also post their moments of stove boiled tea while wearing 15 (tradition) Hanfu in these ancient teahouses. Similar to other trending 16 (lifestyle) such as cycling and camping, “stove-boiled tea” reflects young people’s desire to escape from cities to get close to nature and experience a peaceful mind. It’s 17 (absolute) relaxing to drink hot tea, feel the winter breeze, and chat with best friends.
“Stove boiled tea” is a popular way 18 ( integrate) Chinese culture elements into people’s daily lives.
You may have heard of cafe latte (拿铁咖啡), 19 have you ever heard of a similar art in a cup of tea Apart from the “stove-boiled tea”, Dian Cha is also a tea art from the Song dynasty. During the Dian Cha making process, the froth (泡沫) and the tea paste act like paper and ink, 20 (allow) artists to create delicate patterns.
三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On September 17, 2023, the Cultural Landscape of Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain in Pu’er 21 (gain) World Heritage Site status, becoming a new Chinese entry on that list. This means that it has been recognized 22 an important place of cultural significance.
The heritage site in Pu’er, Yunnan province is located about 1, 500 23 (meter) above the sea level. It 24 (have) five large-scale, well-preserved old tea forests. It is the first World Heritage Site with the theme of tea. It was jointly created by ancestors of Blang people, who immigrated to Jingmai Mountain in the tenth century, and by the ancestors of Dai people. 25 (they) contributions have turned it into an unique and beautiful place 26 we see today. 27 (make) sure lastingly inherited (继承) outstanding universal values of the old tea forests, China will better guide local communities to join in protection 28 regulate tourism. It will also advance international cooperation and cultural exchanges in 29 World Heritage circle. The heritage site presents the ecological wisdom that can be 30 (inspire) for sustainable development of the world today.
第三部分 话题写作
假定你是李华，暑假在你市对外文化交流中心做志愿者。近日，一个来自美国的学生团队将参加交流中心组织的为期三天的中国茶文化之旅。请你代表交流中心写一篇欢迎辞，内容包括： 1. 表示欢迎；2. 旅程安排； 3. 你的期待。
注意: 1. 词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：茶叶种植园tea plantations
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【参考答案】
话题语法填空
一、
has become 2．but 3．when 4．which 5．highly
6．a 7．who/ that 8．tourists 9．to see 10．was made
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国茶的起源、历史、文化意义以及各个地区的茶叶种类和特色。
1．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自古以来，茶已经成为中国文化的一部分，在诗歌和习俗中留下了它的味道。动词become意为“成为”。根据时间状语Since ancient times可知句子表达的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时，又因主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has become。
2．考查固定短语。句意：许多茶爱好者不仅因为茶的味道，还因为茶道的美丽。分析句子结构，not only...but also为固定短语，含义为“不但……，而且……”。故填but。
3．考查定语从句。句意：最早的一批茶通常在清明前采摘，也就是四月初，气温开始上升，雨水增多。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词为early April，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故填when。
4．考查定语从句。句意：这种茶被称为明前茶，因其质量好而广受好评。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是This kind of tea，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
5．考查副词。句意：这种茶被称为明前茶，因其质量好而广受好评。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，修饰动词praised，使用副词highly“很，非常”。故填highly。
6．考查冠词。句意：中国东部的浙江省被认为是茶叶的一个主要生产地。此处泛指“一个主要生产地”，且major以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
7．考查定语从句。句意：春天，这些地方的山丘上挤满了在土地上工作的茶工。 分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是workers，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
8．考查名词的数。句意：在繁忙的季节，来自全国不同地区的游客会前往那里参观茶园，并享用一杯新鲜烹制的茶。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做主语，应用名词tourist“游客”，根据其定语from different areas of the country可知，空处应使用名词复数。故填tourists。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，表示目的，使用动词see的不定式形式。故填to see。
10．考查动词语态。句意：几千年前，在中国人的手上，一片叶子被制成了美味的饮料。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，根据时间状语Thousands of years ago可知句子表示的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，又因主语a leaf为单数，be动词用was。故填was made。
二、
11．a 12．has become 13．consists 14．which 15．traditional 16．lifestyles 17．absolutely 18．to integrate 19．but/yet 20．allowing
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是中国的传统茶艺，它已经成为联合国教科文组织的最新世界非物质文化遗产。
11．考查冠词。句意：“炉煮茶”是一种新的饮茶方式，在中国很受欢迎。分析句子结构可知，way为可数名词单数，无限定词，所以此处使用冠词，结合句意可知，此处表示“一种新的饮茶方式”表泛指，所以使用不定冠词，new的首个音素为辅音。故填a。
12．考查谓语动词。句意：喝茶的过程有一种仪式感，到目前为止，这种仪式已经成为年轻人的新宠。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语so far可知，此处为现在完成时，become与句子主语the ceremony之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填has become。
13．考查谓语动词。句意：通常，在炉子上煮茶的过程包括在泡茶前轻微烘烤茶叶，有时用玫瑰花蕾在炉子上的锅里煮茶。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据句意以及副词usually可知，此处为一般现在时，consist与句子主语the process之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填consists。
14．考查定语从句。句意：煮茶的艺术是一个耗时的过程，需要时刻注意温度，才能正确地“煮”茶。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词a time-consuming process指的是事情，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
15．考查形容词。句意：人们还在这些古老的茶馆里晒出穿着传统汉服煮茶的朋友圈。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰名词Hanfu，tradition的形容词为traditional意为“传统的”符合句意。故填traditional。
16．考查名词的数。句意：与骑行、露营等其他流行的生活方式类似，“煮茶”反映了年轻人逃离城市、亲近自然、体验宁静心灵的渴望。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，lifestyle为可数名词单数，其前有other修饰，所以此处使用名词复数形式。故填lifestyles。
17．考查副词。句意：喝着热茶，感受着冬天的微风，和最好的朋友聊天，这绝对是一种放松。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语，absolute的副词为absolutely意为“绝对地”符合句意。故填absolutely。
18．考查动词不定式。句意：“炉煮茶”是一种将中国文化元素融入人们日常生活的流行方式。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词way，根据“way to do sth.”可知，此处应为不定式形式。故填to integrate。
19．考查连词。句意：你可能听说过拿铁咖啡，但你听说过在一杯茶中有类似的艺术吗 分析句子结构可知，此处为连词连接两个句子，结合句意可知，空前与空后两个句子之间为转折关系。故填but/yet。
20．考查现在分词。句意：在点茶的制作过程中，泡沫和茶浆就像纸和墨水一样，让艺术家们创造出精致的图案。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，allow与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式。故填allowing。
三、
gained 22．as 23．meters 24．has 25．Their
26．that/which 27．To make 28．and 29．the 30．inspiring
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了9月17日，普洱景迈山老茶林文化景观被列入世界文化遗产名录，成为首个以茶为主题的世界文化遗产。
21．考查动词时态。句意：2023年9月17日，普洱景迈山老茶林文化景观被列入世界遗产名录，成为中国新入选的世界遗产。根据时间状语“On September 17, 2023”可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，谓语动词gain应用一般过去时。故填gained。
22．考查介词。句意：这意味着它已被公认为具有重要文化意义的地方。固定搭配be recognized as，意为“被公认为”。故填as。
23．考查名词。句意：该遗址位于云南省普洱，海拔约1500米。根据“1, 500”可知，此处需填名词复数形式。故填meters。
24．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这里有5个保存完好的大型老茶林。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填has。
25．考查代词。句意：他们的贡献使它成为我们今天看到的一个独特而美丽的地方。修饰名词contributions需用形容词性物主代词their，作定语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Their。
26．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导定语从句，先行词place，指物，在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
27．考查非谓语动词。句意：为使老茶林优秀的普遍价值得以持久传承，中国将更好地引导当地社区参与保护和规范旅游。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式，首字母大写。故填To make。
28．考查连词。句意同上。join in和regulate并列，需用连词and连接。故填and。
29．考查冠词。句意：它还将促进世界遗产界的国际合作和文化交流。此处对“World Heritage circle”进行特指，需用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
30．考查形容词。句意：这一遗产所展现的生态智慧对当今世界的可持续发展具有启发意义。空处需填形容词作表语，修饰物，需用-ing结尾的形容词inspiring。故填inspiring。
话题写作
One possible version:
On behalf of the Foreign Cultural Exchange Center, I would like to extend our warm welcome to you all.
During your stay, you will have the opportunity to visit famous tea plantations, learn about the history and traditions of tea processing, and taste various kinds of Chinese tea. We also arranged some cultural activities for you to experience, such as calligraphy and traditional Chinese music performances.
We hope this trip will not only allow you to gain a deeper understanding of Chinese tea culture but also provide a platform for cultural exchange and friendship building.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的欢迎辞。要求考生代表市对外文化交流中心写一篇欢迎辞，以欢迎来参加为期三天的中国茶文化之旅的一个来自美国的学生团队。
【详解】1.词汇积累
代表：be on behalf of→ represent
表达：extend→ express
著名的：famous → well-known
各种各样的：various → a variety of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：On behalf of the Foreign Cultural Exchange Center, I would like to extend our warm welcome to you all.
拓展句：Since I am on behalf of the Foreign Cultural Exchange Center, I would like to extend our warm welcome to you all.
【点睛】【高分句型1】During your stay, you will have the opportunity to visit famous tea plantations, learn about the history and traditions of tea processing, and taste various kinds of Chinese tea.（运用了and连接的后置定语）
【高分句型2】We hope this trip will not only allow you to gain a deeper understanding of Chinese tea culture but also provide a platform for cultural exchange and friendship building.（运用了省略that引导的宾语从句）