2024届高考英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化专题02 中国民俗 饮食 （素材+语法填空+书面表达）（含答案）

高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化
中国民俗 饮食（素材+语法填空+书面表达）
第一部分 话题素材积累
In the Zhou Dynasty (1046 BC-256 BC),there was a fairly fully-fledged system of dining etiquette. Within Chinese traditions,eating has far more functions than just filling the stomach or bringing gastronomic pleasure. It has strengthened kinship and friendship.
在周朝（公元前1046年－公元前256年），已经有相当完善的饮食礼仪体系。在中国的传统里，饮食不仅是填饱肚子，或者享受美食，它增进了亲情和友谊。
For the seating arrangement, the seat facing the door is called the seat of honor and is the most venerable of all and the left or east seat is of secondary importance. It is better to leave the most honorable place at the dinning table for the elders. If a group of people are going to have a meal, the highly regarded members are given the seat of honour while the rest take their seats accordingly.
对于座次安排，正对门的座位被称为上座，是最尊贵的，居左或居东的座位仅次于上座。最好把餐桌上最好的位置留给长辈。如果一群人去吃饭，地位高的人会被安排在桌子的上座，而其他的人则依次就座。
As a guest at a banquet, one should be particular about one's own appearance and determine whether to bring small gifts or good wine, according to the degree of closeness to the host of the banquet.It is important for a guest to be punctual.
作为宴席上的客人，应讲究自己的仪容仪表，并根据与宴席主人的关系程度来决定是带一些小礼物还是带好酒。客人守时是很重要的。
It is not polite to pick up too much food at a time. You should behave elegantly. When taking food, don't nudge or push against your neighbor. Don't let the food slop or let soup or sauce drip onto the table.
一次夹太多食物是不礼貌的。你应该举止优雅。夹菜时，不要轻推或推搡邻座。不要让食物洒到桌子上，也不要让汤或酱汁洒到桌子上。
When helping yourself to the dishes, you should take food first from the plates in front of you rather than those in the middle of the table or in front of others. It's bad manners to use your chopsticks to burrow through the food and “dig for treasure” and keep your eyes glued to the plates.
夹菜的时候，你应该先从你面前的盘子里夹食物，不要从桌子中间的盘子或别人面前的盘子里夹菜。用筷子在食物中“翻拨找好吃的”和眼睛紧盯着盘子都是不礼貌的。
In China, food reflects people’s appreciation of nature, seasons and relationship. The Analects of Confucius has these words, “He was never tired of having his rice finely cleaned, or his minced meat cut quite small.” Even a sage who is contented with a simple life would suggest that one should prepare the ingredients most elaborately in order to cook the best meal. After thousands of years, food, cuisine and table manners have integrated with Chinese philosophy and etiquette to form the unique Chinese food culture.
在中国，饮食蕴含着中国人对自然、时节以及人与人之间关系的深刻理解。孔子在《论语》中说，“食不厌精，脍不厌细”，即便是安贫乐道的圣人，也提倡遵循食材的特点，烹饪出至高美味。经过千年的发展，食物、烹饪方法、饮食仪轨与中国的哲学、礼仪融合为一体，形成了独特的中国饮食文化。
In China, factors like climates, geographies, histories, eating habits, and cooking methods lead to eight regional cuisines, namely Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Sichuan and Zhejiang.
由于气候、地理、历史、物产及饮食风俗的不同，演变出了八种最具影响力的地方菜系，也就是我们常说的中国传统饮食“八大菜系”，包括“鲁、川、苏、粤、闽、浙、湘、徽”。
Words and Expressions
① fully-fledged adj.充分发展的
② etiquette n.礼仪；礼节
③ gastronomic adj.烹饪的；美食的
④ kinship n.亲属关系
⑤ venerable adj.令人尊重的；值得敬重的
⑥ banquet n.宴会；盛宴
⑦ punctual adj.按时的；准时的
⑧ nudge vt.(用肘）轻推
⑨ slop vi.倒出；使泼出
⑩ burrow vi.(在……里）搜寻
饮食文化 food culture
餐桌礼仪table manners
上座 the seat of honour
上菜 serve the dishes
主菜 the main course
第二部分 话题语法填空
一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Having stretched for more than 170 million years, Chinese food culture occupies an important part in the nation’s traditional culture.
The gastronomy (烹饪法) 1 (employ) in Chinese cuisine is an art form that goes beyond just satisfying your taste buds (味蕾). It is a perfect 2 (combine) of all your senses, a harmony of color, aroma, taste and appearance in every dish. 3 (history), Chinese cultures connected 4 (agriculture) preferences with patterns in the stars, guiding food consumption based on 24 Solar Terms.
Ancient Chinese people 5 (invent) chopsticks more than 3000 years ago, which are not only a kind of tableware with distinct national features 6 an important component that reflects the 7 (characteristic) of Chinese diet culture. Unlike a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is 8 matters”.
And, of course, what’s a Chinese feast without tea More than a type of drink, it also serves as a transmitter of culture, 9 (represent) the philosophy, aesthetic views and way of life of the Chinese people, from which 10 spiritual world of the Chinese people can be perceived.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China pays great attention to good manners, and its food culture is deeply rooted in the history. As a visitor or guest in either a Chinese home 11 restaurant, you will find that table manners are essential in our daily life!
It is really a 12 (convention) custom to respect others, such as the aged, teachers and guests and to take good care of children. Meanwhile, the practice of presenting 13 best or fine food to the senior members of the family has been observed for a few hundred 14 (generation). In ancient times the common people 15 (lead) a needy life, but they still tried their best to support the elder mother or father, 16 (take) it for granted.
Although the hosts in China are all friendly and hospitable, you should also show them respect. Before 17 (start) to eat dinner, the host may offer some words of greeting. Guests should not start to eat until the host says, “Everybody, please enjoy 18 (you)” or something like that, otherwise it suggests disrespect and causes displeasure.
When hosts place dishes on the table, they will arrange the main courses at the center with the supporting dishes evenly placed around them. When the main dishes 19 (prepare) in a decorative form, they will be placed facing major guests and elder people at the table, 20 also shows respect.
三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 21 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 22 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 23 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 24 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 25 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 26 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 27 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 28 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 29 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 30 (want) more next time.
第三部分 话题写作
假如你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim对中国饮食文化很感兴趣，并将在春节期间来中国北京游玩，请你写一封邮件给他。邮件内容如下：
1. 春节饮食习俗；
2. 推荐一道当地特色菜。
注意: 1. 词数80词左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
I’m very glad to hear from you and delighted to know____________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考答案】
话题语法填空
一、
1．employed 2．combination 3．Historically 4．agricultural 5．invented 6．but 7．characteristics 8．what 9．representing 10．the
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了包括烹饪技法，筷子和茶在内的中国饮食文化的内涵。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：应用在中国菜里的烹饪学是一门艺术，它不仅仅满足你的味蕾。分析句子结构可知，主句已有谓语动词“is”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“The gastronomy”和“employ”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填employed。
2．考查名词。句意：这是你所有感官的完美结合，每一道菜都是色、香、味、形的和谐。根据“a perfect”可知，空处需填单数名词，combination作名词，表示“结合”，符合句意。故填combination。
3．考查副词。句意：在历史上，中国文化将农业偏好与星星的模式联系在一起，根据24节气指导食物消耗。分析句子结构可知，空处需填副词作状语，修饰整个句子。首字母大写。故填Historically。
4．考查形容词。句意：在历史上，中国文化将农业偏好与星星的模式联系在一起，根据24节气指导食物消耗。根据“preferences”可知，空处需填形容词agricultural表示“农业的”，符合句意。故填agricultural。
5．考查时态。句意：中国古人早在3000多年前就发明了筷子，它不仅是一种具有鲜明民族特色的餐具，而且是反映中国饮食文化特色的重要组成部分。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，根据“more than 3000 years ago”可知，用一般过去时。故填invented。
6．考试连词。句意：中国古人早在3000多年前就发明了筷子，它不仅是一种具有鲜明民族特色的餐具，而且是反映中国饮食文化特色的重要组成部分。not only…but (also)...表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
7．考查名词。句意：中国古人早在3000多年前就发明了筷子，它不仅是一种具有鲜明民族特色的餐具，而且是反映中国饮食文化特色的重要组成部分。根据“the”可知，空处需填名词，结合句意可知，中国饮食文化特色不止一个，故用名词复数。故填characteristics。
8．考查表语从句。句意：与刀叉或自己的双手不同，一双筷子也暗示了“和为贵”的含义。分析句子结构可知，“___8___matters”是表语从句，从句缺主语，指“重要的事”，故用what引导。故填what。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：它不仅是一种饮料，也是一种文化的传播者，代表了中国人的哲学、审美观和生活方式，从中可以感受到中国人的精神世界。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“serves”，故空处需填非谓语动词，“it”和“represent”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填representing。
10．考查冠词。句意：它不仅是一种饮料，也是一种文化的传播者，代表了中国人的哲学、审美观和生活方式，从中可以感受到中国人的精神世界。根据“spiritual world”可知，空处需填冠词修饰名词，此处特指“中国人的精神世界”，故用定冠词。故填the。
二、
or 12．conventional 13．the 14．generations 15．led
16．taking 17．starting 18．yourself 19．are prepared 20．which
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些餐桌礼仪。
11．考查连词。句意：在中国家庭或餐馆做客，你会发现餐桌礼仪在我们的日常生活中是必不可少的！either…or是固定句式。故填or。
12．考查形容词。句意：尊重他人，如老人、老师和客人，照顾好孩子，这真的是一种传统习俗。修饰名词custom用形容词。故填conventional。
13．考查冠词。句意：同时，把最好或最好的食物送给家里的长辈的习俗已经延续了几百代。形容词最高级前要加定冠词。故填the。
14．考查名词复数。句意：同上。由 a few hundred 可知， 此处应用名词的复数形式。故填generations。
15．考查时态。句意：在古代，普通人过着贫困的生活，但他们仍然尽最大努力赡养年迈的母亲或父亲，认为这是理所当然的。根据时间状语In ancient times可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填led。
16．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。动词take和主语之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词作伴随状语。故填taking。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：在开始吃晚餐之前，主人可能会说一些问候的话。介词Before后应用动名词作宾语。故填starting。
18．考查代词。句意：客人们不应该在主人说“大家请自便”或类似的话之前开始吃东西，否则就意味着不尊重并引起不快。动作的承受者是主语自身，用反身代词作宾语，enjoy oneself是固定短语。根据句意，用单数。故填yourself。
19．考查时态和语态。句意：当主菜以装饰的形式准备时，它们将被放置在餐桌上的主要客人和老人面前，这也表示尊重。动词prepare和主语之间是被动关系，此处描述一般事实，用一般现在时。主谓一致，故填are prepared。
20．考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个主句，指代事物且作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
三、
tasty 22．to bite 23．or 24．recognized 25．by
26．to be lifted 27．their 28．a 29．rarely 30．wanting
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。
21．考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。
22．考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。
23．考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。
24．考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语，故填recognized。
25．考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。
26．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted，故填to be lifted。
27．考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。
28．考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数，故填a。
29．考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。
30．考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting，故填wanting。
话题写作
One possible version:
Dear Jim,
I am very glad to hear from you and delighted to know that you are interested in Chinese food.
During the Spring Festival, it’s a tradition for families to get together and have a big meal. However, the food customs vary from place to place. In northern China, dumplings are the typical food, which represent change and good luck. In contrast, in the southern part, it’s a great time to eat tangyuan. They are sticky rice balls with different fillings. Tangyuan sounds like tuanyuan in Chinese, which means “family reunion”.
When you come to Beijing, Beijing Roast Duck is what you can’t miss. The duck is hung and roasted on flames, shaved into slices, dipped in sweet flour sauce, and wrapped in a paper-thin pancake. I bet it will be an unforgettable experience for you.
Looking forward to meeting you soon!
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写信，给他介绍中国的春节饮食习俗，并推荐建一道当地菜。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对……感兴趣：be interested in → show interest in
团聚：get together → gather
难忘的：unforgettable → memorable
相反：in contrast → on the contrary
2.句型转化
合并简单句
原句： In contrast, in the southern part, it’s a great time to eat tangyuan. They are sticky rice balls with different fillings.
拓展句： In contrast, in the southern part, it’s a great time to eat tangyuan, which are sticky rice balls with different fillings.
【点睛】[高分句型1] In northern China, dumplings are the typical food, which represent change and good luck.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2] When you come to Beijing, Beijing Roast Duck is what you can’t miss. （运用了when引导的时间状语从句和what引导的表语从句）