2024年1月“九省联考”英语真题完全解读与考后提升专题04 阅读理解B篇 （解析版）

《2024年1月“九省联考”英语真题解读与考后变式训练》
专题04 阅读理解B篇 (解析+词汇+变式+技巧+模拟) 原卷版
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注意
B
篇位置是说明文不是传统记叙文
) (
原题呈现
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阅读理解关键词：说明文,人与自然,动物习性,动物保护,濒危动物人,与动物和谐相处
Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other.
Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground; membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night.
As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves.
Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind. For this reason, it is wise to avoid quick, sudden movements near your bird. This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason. Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.
As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.
24. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild
A. Living in a group.
B. Growing beautiful feathers.
C. Feeding on the ground.
D. Avoiding coming out at night.
25. What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk
A. To attack back. B. To get away.
C. To protect the young. D. To play dead.
26. Why would a balloon frighten a parrot
A. It may explode suddenly.
B. It may be in a strange shape.
C. It may have a strong color.
D. It may move around quickly.
27. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text
A. To explain wild parrots' behavior.
B. To give advice on raising a parrot.
C. To call for action to protect animals.
D. To introduce a study on bird ecology.
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核心词汇
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一、纲内词汇（酌情删减）
1. parrot n. 鹦鹉
2. prey n. 猎物
3. hawk n. 鹰
4. factor n. 因素
5. influence n. 影响
6. behavior n.行为
7. membership n. 会员身份
8. ensure vt. 确保
9. safety n. 安全
10. survival n.幸存
11. attack n.攻击
12. constantly ad 不断地
13. risk n.风险
14. flight n. 飞行
15. powerful adj.强大的
16. defend vt 保卫；辩护
17. reactive adj.有反应的；回应的
18. avoid vt避免
19. reaction n. 猎物
20. logic n. 逻辑
21. relatively ad. 相对地
22. harmless a. 无害的
23. household a. 家庭的
24. object n. 物体；宾语
25. balloon n. 气球
26. represent vt. 代表
27. exposure n.暴露；接触
28. item n. 项目
29. flexibility n. 灵活性
30. adaptability n. 适应性
31. feather n. 羽毛
32. explode vt 爆炸
33. ecology n. 生态
34. instinctively ad.本能地
35.built-in a.内置的
36.variety n. 多样性
二、高频词块（酌情删减）
1.in the wild 在野外
2.feed on 以……为食物
3.play a function in在…中起作用
4.watch out for 小心提防
5.react to 对……作出反应
6.take flight 逃跑；起飞
7.be reactive to 对…有反应
8.be subject to sth 受支配；常遭受…
9.expose…to… 暴露于
10.at a young age 在年轻时
11.avoind doing 避免做某事
12.call for 要求，需要
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考点变式训练
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一、词类转换（酌情删减）
1. influence n. 影响→___________ a. 有影响的
2. safe a.安全的→___________ n. 安全
3. survive v.幸存→___________ n.幸存
4. fly v.飞行→___________ n. 飞行
5. power n.力量→___________ adj.强大的
6. react v. 反应 →___________ adj.有反应的；回应的
7. relative a. 相对的→___________ ad. 相对地
8. expose vt. 暴露；接触→___________ n.暴露；接触
9. flexible a 灵活的→___________n. 灵活性
10. adapt vt.适应 →___________ a. 可适应性的→___________ n. 适应性
11. instinctive ad本能地 →___________ ad.本能地
12. vary v. 波动，变化→___________ n. 多样性
二、纲内词汇翻译（酌情删减）
1. parrot n.
2. prey n.
3. hawk n.
4. factor n.
5. influence n.
6. behavior n.
7. membership n.
8. ensure vt.
9. safety n.
10. survival n.
11. attack n.
12. constantly ad
13. risk n.
14. flight n.
15. powerful adj.
16. defend vt
17. reactive adj.
18. avoid vt
19. reaction n.
20. logic n.
21. relatively ad.
22. harmless a.
23. household a.
24. object n.
25. balloon n.
26. represent vt.
27. exposure n.
28. item n.
29. flexibility n.
30. adaptability n.
31. feather n.
32. explode vt
33. ecology n.
34. instinctively ad.
35.built-in a.
36.variety n.
三、高频词块翻译（酌情删减）
1.in the wild
2.feed on
3.play a function in
4.watch out for
5.react to
6.take flight
7.be reactive to
8.be subject to sth
9.expose…to…
10.at a young age
11.avoind doing
12.call for
四、单句填空（核心考点习题化）
1. Parrots are prey animals, __________ means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make __________(they) into a meal.
2. This one factor influences __________(parrot) behavior in your house more than any other.
3. Parrots are most easily hurt when __________(feed) on the ground.
4. Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their __________(safe) and improving their chances of __________(survive) from attacks by predators.
5. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day __________ others hunt in the night.
6. As prey animals, parrots are __________(constant) watching out __________ danger and they instinctively react __________ risks.
7. Their first __________(choose) is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks__________(defend) themselves.
8. Because their __________(big) enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially __________(react) to quick movements from above and behind.
9. For this reason, it is wise __________(avoid) quick, sudden movements near your bird.
10. This is a built-in reaction not subject __________ logic or reason.
11. Simple and __________(relative) harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird.
12. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose may be the same __________ a snake in your bird’s mind.
13. As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by __________(expose) to new household items or strangers.
14. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build __________(flexible) and improve their __________(adaptable).
15. __________(vary) in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and __________(adapt) to change.
五、熟词新意(defend用法)
1. How can you defend such behaviour
2. Troops have been sent to defend the borders.
3. He has employed one of the UK's top lawyers to defend him.
4. She will be defending her title at next month's championships.
5. (2024九省联考B篇)However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves.
六、长难句分析（括号法+标记法）
1. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes [starting at a very young age] to build flexibility and improve their adaptability.
【翻译】从很小的时候就开始让你的鸟接触安全的经历和变化，以建立灵活性并提高它们的适应性，这一点很重要。
【分析】______是形式主语；后边动词不定式是真正的______；starting at a very young age作______状语；to build flexibility and improve their adaptability作______状语。
2. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.
【翻译】饮食和玩具的多样性、旅行以及接触新的人和地方都有助于让你的鸟更灵活，更适应变化。
【分析】主语部分是三个______，Variety, travel, exposure…；make后接形容词短语作______。
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2023年四省联考
)
As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place. Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children. Toumi witnessed first-hand the destructive effect of desertification. “Within 10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks.” A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts (干旱) have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification.
Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to change. She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable crops, using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilizers (肥料) rather than chemicals.
In 2012, Toumi consolidated her dream to fight the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action. “I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.”
By September 2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. She expects to plant 1 million trees by 2018. In the next couple of years, Toumi hopes to extend the programme to Algeria and Morocco.
24. How did Toumi’s holiday trips to Tunisia influence her
A. They made her decide to leave the country.
B. They helped her better understand her father.
C. They fired her enthusiasm for helping others.
D. They destroyed her dream of being a teacher.
25. What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia’s farmland
A．Low rainfall. B. Soil pollution.
C. Cold weather. D. Forest damage.
26. Why did Toumi set up Acacias for All in Tunisia
A. To create job opportunities for young people.
B. To help the children obtain a basic education.
C. To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers.
D. To facilitate the protection of their farmland.
27. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Saving Water in Tunisia
B. Planting Trees of Native Species
C. Holding back the Sahara
D. Fighting Poverty in North Africa
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解题指导
)
说明文解题指导
一、细读文章重点
关注文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。
二、明确说明对象
通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的逻辑联系，加深对说明对象的理解。
三、弄清说明顺序
在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊的解说。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。
四、把握作者态度
说明文的首段一般借用生活中的某个场景事件引入说明的事物。一般穿插人们对被说明事物的看法和观点，要仔细体会观点的倾向性和情感色彩，来对比作者态度和写作情感。
五、吃透长难句子
学会运用括号法分析长难句，把影响考生理解的各种从句、非谓语动词短语以及复杂介词短语括起来，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”的目的，进而准确理解句子含义。
六、学会适当放弃
无关大局的生僻词汇阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。较长的人名、地名有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来。
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历年真题
速递
)
1（2010·全国·高考真题）Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6m above the river, an important feature for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.
In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young.
Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive（远古的) birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.
During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.
1．What is the text mainly about
A．Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.
B．The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.
C．Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.
D．The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.
2．Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that ___________.
A．they look like young cuckoos
B．they have claws on the wings
C．they eat a lot like a cow
D．they live on river banks
3．What can we infer about primitive birds from the text
A．They had claw s to help them climb.
B．They could fly long distances.
C．They had four wings like hoatzins.
D．They had a head with long feathers on the top.
4．Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes
A．To find more food.
B．To protect themselves better.
C．To keep themselves w arm.
D．To produce their young.
2（2021·浙江·统考高考真题）Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
“That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling: “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”.
“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. ”
5．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter
A．Memorizing specific words.
B．Understanding complex information.
C．Using voices to communicate.
D．Communicating messages on purpose.
6．What did Dr Shultz think of the study
A．It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B．It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
7．What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean
A．Difference. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Connection.
8．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B．Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D．Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
3（2024上·湖北十堰·高三统考期末）Bringing species like beavers (河狸) back to England is no longer a priority, the government said on Friday to criticism from wildlife groups.
A recent report shows that one in six UK species are at risk of extinction. In September more than 60 conservation organisations reported a significant decline in species due to expansions in farming and the effects of climate change. In recent years, animals and plants have been reintroduced by charities as part of efforts to restore the country’s reduced biodiversity.
Despite the government allowing this, the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee concluded in July that there was an absence of long-term plans on how to manage this. In response, the government has now said that the ”reintroduction of species is not a priority“.
The government said it was focused on increasing biodiversity through habitat restoration. The government’s environment department has come under scrutiny(详细审查) for not doing more to prevent sewage dumping and other forms of pollution in England’s waterways.
Sir Robert Goodwill, chair of the Committee, said he was disappointed with the government response. Bringing back extinct species is a controversial issue-although farmers and landowners appear broadly supportive, there are risks of reintroducing new species, and without clear guidance, problems could arise.
A recent study showed that river barriers similar to those built by beavers can protect communities at risk of flooding. But there have also been cases documented in Europe where beavers have built their dams in places that have damaged crops and changed rivers.
Joan Edwards, director of Policy & Public Affairs at The Wildlife Trusts said, ”Reintroducing wildlife must be part of the UK government’s arsenal (武器) for tackling nature loss and climate change-it is astonishing there is no strategy for doing so.
“The return of wild beavers can help to recreate lost wetlands, with a knock-on effect that benefits other wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers also slow the flow of water, which can reduce flood risks to towns and villages, ”she said.
9．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A study. B．A diary. C．A guide. D．A report.
10．How did the UK government plan to increase biodiversity
A．By expanding farming. B．By offering guidance.
C．By restoring habitat. D．By developing strategy.
11．What did Joan Edwards think of reintroduction of wildlife
A．It was beneficial. B．It was controversial.
C．It was messy. D．It was costly.
12．What is the text mainly about
A．The advantages of reintroducing wildlife.
B．The responses to a government statement.
C．The effects of climate change on farming.
D．The approaches to increasing biodiversity.
4（2023·全国·统考高考真题）Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
13．How do Americans look at grizzlies
A．They cause mixed feelings in people.
B．They should be kept in national parks.
C．They are of high scientific value.
D．They are a symbol of American culture.
14．What has helped the increase of the grizzly population
A．The European settlers’ behavior.
B．The expansion of bears’ range.
C．The protection by law since 1975.
D．The support of Native Americans.
15．What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies
A．The opposition of conservation groups.
B．The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C．The voice of the biologists.
D．The local farmers’ advocates.
16．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C．A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
5（2023上·广西南宁·高三南宁三中校考阶段练习）The average bear, it seems, is getting over smarter. First, it turned out that at least one can use a comb. Now it appears that some can count too.
Jennifer Vonk, of Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, from Georgia State University, set three American black bears the task of distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller groups of dots (点) on a computer screen. In return for a food reward one bear, Brutus, would touch the more heavily dotted pattern with his nose. The others, Bella and Dusty, would touch the screen with their claws (爪子).
As the researchers report in Animal Behavior, the bears did best with patterns where the coloured dots did not move and where more of them also took up a larger coloured area. This could be explained by the bears’ distinguishing the different areas of colour rather than truly counting the dots. However, the three bears managed to pick out the bigger number of dots even in pairs of patterns where fewer dots took up a larger area.
Moving patterns, where each dot followed its own path around the screen, were more of a challenge. But Brutus, at least, was not defeated. He seemed to be counting mobile dots even when the scientists tried to mislead him by moving the total coloured area of the dots at the same time.
It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence. They face a lot of challenges when trying to get food. They are, however, always alone, and so do not have the complex social systems that contribute to animal smarts. Perhaps, then, their maths skill developed because they cannot count on their friends for help.
17．What task did the scientists set for the three bears
A．Distinguishing different dot patterns.
B．Figuring out different colours of dots.
C．Putting the dots into differently coloured groups.
D．Picking out the group with a larger number of acts.
18．For the bears, the task was easier when ______.
A．the coloured dots were moving slowly
B．the dot patterns were regular in shape
C．the dots followed a path on the screen
D．more dots covered a larger coloured area
19．Why do the bears have high degree or intelligence
A．They have to survive by themselves.
B．They learn skills from other friends.
C．They feed on a diverse range of food.
D．They have complex social networks.
20．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Bears Taught to Distinguish Colours
B．Three Bears Learned How to Count
C．New Evidence of Bear Intelligence Found
D．The Smartest American Black Bear Brutus
6（2021·全国·高考真题）Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we’re all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She’s healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It’s still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
21．Which of the following best describes the breeding programme
A．Costly. B．Controversial.
C．Ambitious. D．Successful.
22．What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino
A．She loves staying with her mother.
B．She dislikes outdoor activities.
C．She is in good condition
D．She is sensitive to heat.
23．What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have
A．They had their first born in January.
B．They enjoyed exploring new places
C．They lived with their grandmothers.
D．They were brought to the reserve young
24．What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve
A．The rhino section will be open to the public.
B．It aims to control the number of the animals.
C．It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D．Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
6（2021·全国·高考真题）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
25．What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A．Loss of wetlands.
B．Popularity of water sports.
C．Pollution of rivers.
D．Arrival of other wild animals.
26．What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A．Acquire. B．Export.
C．Destroy. D．Distribute.
27．What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A．The stamp price has gone down.
B．The migratory birds have flown away.
C．The hunters have stopped hunting.
D．The government has collected money.
28．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．The Federal Duck Stamp Story
B．The National Wildlife Refuge System
C．The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl
D．The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
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名校好题速递
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8（2024上·重庆·高二重庆南开中学校考期末）Many guests have had the pleasure of observing the magnificent cheetahs (猎豹) that find shelter on the Tswalu Private Reserve, but they might not be aware of the work to make these wild cats feel comfortable in the presence of humans. As a conservation photographer, I spent a day with conservator Clement Motau to understand what it takes to habituate cheetahs.
Habituating wildlife is an on-going process —slowly getting wild animals used to the presence of vehicles and people. Animals like cheetahs receive regular visits from the wildlife conservation team. That way they learn that in this privately protected area, humans pose no threat to.
Clement, now 29 years old, spent his early childhood in Middelburg, but he would go to the rural area every chance he got, including most school holidays. “I enjoyed climbing mountains and being outdoors. I always knew I wanted to work with wild animals.” He decided to study nature conservation rather than become a tour guide because “dealing with people all the time is not my strongest point.” After three years of studies, he came to Tswalu in 2016 and was offered a position on the conservation team. Though one day rarely looks the same as another, with tasks ranging from collaring wild dogs to mending fences, the chance to spend time with cheetahs is an experience he particularly enjoys.
An hour after we first spotted Artemis, Clement's favorite cheetah, she is still on the move, clearly looking for a meal. She is a beautiful animal, and I am in no hurry to leave. Though she seems unbothered by our presence, we don't want to negatively impact her chances of feeding. Wildlife tourism is an essential conservation tool, both to raise awareness and to pay for all the costs. But the wellbeing of the animals always comes first. “She is very obliging with us today,” he says. “So relaxed. The guides and our guests will love her. She'll be a future star.”
29．What do we know about habituating wild animals
A．It's a process to get wild animals used to humans.
B．It's done by paying random visits to wild animals.
C．Wild animals will benefit from this practice.
D．Such practice is limited to private reserves.
30．Why did Clement choose to become a nature conservator
A．Because he liked a job with various tasks...
B．Because being a tour guide was not his dream.
C．Because he enjoyed spending time with wild animals.
D．Because working with animals was his strongest point.
31．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Artemis is responding to our request.
B．Artemis is warning us to keep a distance.
C．Artemis is inviting us to enter her territory.
D．Artemis is feeling comfortable with our presence.
32．What is the text mainly about
A．A remarkable cheetah conservator.
B．A reserve for cheetahs.
C．A cheetah conservation program.
D．A tour with a cheetah conservator.
9（2024上·山东德州·高三统考期末）A sleeping animal cannot look for food or flee from danger. But the fact that sleep is widespread among animals shows its restorative powers are essential. Some animals, though, try to have their cake and eat it. Dolphins and ducks sleep with half their brains, leaving the other half on guard. A paper in Science by Dr Le reports another innovative workaround. Chinstrap penguins take their sleep in thousands of naps, tiny micro- sleeps-or at least when they are nesting.
Chinstraps sleep with either their whole brain or just one half. Data confirmed they sleep in the ocean or on land. Ducks sleep in long periods, while the penguins nod of for several seconds at a time, hundreds of times an hour. The naps average 4 seconds in length; 72% lasted less than 10 seconds. Micro-sleeps aren’t unknown. Exhausted humans, like jet-lagged (倒时差) tourists and parents of newborn babies, can experience them. Totaling the duration, the researchers concluded Chinstraps get around 12 hours of sleep daily.
Two explanations are given for Chinstraps’ sleep pattern. The first is to do with external threats. Penguins hatch eggs alone while their partners are away seeking for food. Colonies (领地) are threatened by big birds that’ll steal unattended eggs. Broken sleep is a clever strategy of getting some shut-eye during long egg-guarding periods.
Penguins with nests near the edge of the colony are at greater risk than those in the centre, but enjoy more extended naps. The second is threats from within, as penguin colonies are noisy, crowded places. They steal nesting materials from careless neighbors, so penguins in the crime-ridden centre find it harder to sleep than those in the safer suburbs.
Choosing between those theories requires more research. Dr Lee said, “Nor can we measure how restorative such naps are. Chinstraps are evidently able to hatch their young under such conditions, which suggests they’re getting something from their constant nodding-off. So, humans nurturing their newborns should take heart.”
33．Why do dolphins and ducks sleep with only one side of their brains
A．To enjoy their cake.
B．To establish a nice nest.
C．To be watchful during naps.
D．To obtain high-quality sleep.
34．What does Chinstraps’ sleep pattern feature
A．Engaging in numerous naps a day.
B．Sleeping nowhere beyond the ocean.
C．Ranging from 4 seconds to 12 hours.
D．Always sleeping with the entire brain.
35．What can be inferred from the explanations in paragraph 3
A．Penguins live safely in natural colonies.
B．Penguins encounter a variety of challenges.
C．Penguins hatch their eggs away from colony.
D．Penguins at the core of the colony sleep longer.
36．What does Dr Lee think of Chinstraps’ micro-naps
A．Their duration is hard to detect.
B．They distract the restorative effects.
C．Adopting them aids human newborns.
D．Taking this sleep mode favors penguins.
10（2024上·四川达州·高二统考期末）“THEY’RE ALL IN TROUBLE,” says Kenyan ecologist Paula Kahumbu. “All elephants are in major, major trouble.”
Populations of the three species have declined: savanna (热带草原) elephants forest elephants and the smaller-eared Asian elephants. And we’re to blame. We’ve expanded (扩张) into elephant territory, building homes and roads, cutting down forests and planting crops. Besides, with the rise of poaching (偷猎), the number of elephants has decreased and became dangerously low in the past five decades.
“Poaching doesn’t just destroy animals,” says Kahumbu, “it gradually weakens society.” That’s why her organization monitored poaching cases in Kenyan courts, launched a campaign called Hands Off Our Elephants and educated children on the value of wildlife. Kahumbu’s goal is noble and urgent: to change “the whole national awareness about conservation.”
Now, she’s taking her message to an international stage with Secrets of the Elephants, a four-part series on National Geographic. It explores the hidden lives of elephants in four habitats — Asia, plus African forests, deserts, and savannas — as well as the people who are racing to save the animals.
“We kind of know what they need, but we aren’t always generous enough.” Secrets of the Elephants, she hopes, will familiarize people with the wildlife that lives among them.
While making the series, the difficult situation of some elephants shocked her. “You look at their faces and they look so sad,” she says. She particularly noticed this in Asia, where Asian elephants and people live in increasingly close distance.
“Despite decades of research into African elephants, much research into Asian elephants has fallen behind — which is why our programme in the following pages will focus on this species,” she adds.
37．What does paragraph 2 focus on
A．The features of three species of elephants.
B．The different situations of the elephants.
C．The causes for the decrease of the elephants.
D．The impact of Human behaviors on elephants.
38．What did Kahumbu do
A．She monitored poachers hunting elephants.
B．She filmed a feature about elephants.
C．She started a national wildlife protection movement.
D．She changed people’s awareness of wildlife protection.
39．What can be inferred about the Asian elephants
A．They like to get close to humans.
B．They are almost ignored by experts.
C．They remain mysterious to humans.
D．They are gradually losing their habitat.
40．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Take action: Stop Poaching
B．Film series: Secrets of the Elephants
C．Kahumbu: A Brave Kenyan Ecologist
D．Endangered: Three Species of Elephants
11（2024上·四川成都·高二统考期末）There are some fascinating data about the world’s forests! About 30 percent of the earth’s land is covered in forests, and 300 million people call forests home. A further 1.6billion people rely on forests to survive.
Now, keeping these numbers in mind, consider this fact: the world loses over 32million acres of forest each year. When forests disappear, we not only miss out on all the ways they make us healthier, we also lose an essential resource. This is why preserving forests, and nature, is more important than ever. The key is to connect with nature, for example, forest bathing.
In the way that forest bathing requires, we start to experience and appreciate all its beauty and benefits, through involvement with nature by using all our senses. Many governments, businesses, and institutions have realized the importance of this and have created plans to deepen mutually beneficial relationships between people and nature. It’s not just wild forests that need attention, urban parks and forests are equally important. Despite losing trees to real estate (房地产) developments and road construction, many cities have found creative ways to introduce more trees and forests. In Paris, for example, a nineteenth century railway was turned into a park that stretches nearly three miles. There’s one more thing that’s essential to the protection of forests-helping children connect with nature. Not only is this good for their overall well-being, but studies show that children who spend time in nature become adults who understand the importance of protection. Around the world, many schools have started using parks and green spaces as classrooms. Measures like these will help ensure that future generations can also enjoy the benefits of forests.
41．Why does the author list the data of the world’s forests in Paragraph 1
A．To highlight their significance.
B．To illustrate their economic value.
C．To present their unique features.
D．To introduce their basic information.
42．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Close contact with nature.
B．Great loss of forest.
C．Harmonious relationship with nature.
D．Creative plans for development.
43．What influence does interacting with nature have on children
A．It benefits their future career.
B．It improves their academic performances.
C．It provides chances for having fun in forests.
D．It raises their life-long environment awareness.
44．Which column of a newspaper is this text probably taken from
A．Sports. B．Tourism.
C．Environment. D．Agriculture.
12（2024上·山东济南·高三统考期末）In the animal world, speed is king. Fast animals have a leg up in outrunning other animals, which puts them high on the food chain. It would seem that all animals would go for speed, but then there’s the sloth (树懒). While a lion can go from 0 to 60 miles an hour in only five seconds, it takes a sloth all day to cover no more than 50 meters.
Sloths live entirely in trees on a diet of leaves. And for this, they are extremely rare. While most of the land world is covered in trees, there are very few vertebrates (脊椎动物) that call the tree home. The aim of a 2016 study, says Jonathan Pauli, a University of Alabama professor of forest and wildlife ecology, was to help uncover why sloths are indeed so unique. “Among vertebrates, this is the rarest of lifestyles”, says Pauli. “When you picture animals that live off plant leaves, they are almost all big-things like deer. What’s super interesting about sloths is that they can’t be big.”
For their research, Pauli and his Wisconsin team studied wild sloths at a field site. When the researchers measured the energy use of sloths, they found a wildly low burning of as little as 110 calories of energy a day. And for this, they take the cake: it is the lowest measured energetic output for any mammal (哺乳动物).
“The measurement was intended to find out what it cost sloths to live over a day,”says Pauli, who adds that a diet of little but leaves lacks nutritional value and the animal’s small size doesn’t allow for overeating-so sloths need to find ways to make the most of their diets, which means using tiny amounts of energy, dramatic control of body temperature and living at an extremely slow pace.
Their reward A wonderfully widespread ecological system to call their own, one slow inch at a time.
45．Why is a lion mentioned in Paragraph 1
A．To admire lions’ speed.
B．To state sloths’ weakness.
C．To confirm lions’ lead position.
D．To highlight sloths’ uniqueness.
46．What is the 2016 study mainly about
A．The lifestyle of sloths.
B．The diet of vertebrates.
C．The species of rare animals.
D．The energy use of creatures.
47．What does the underlined part “take the cake” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Break down. B．Keep on. C．Stand out. D．Grow up.
48．What can be inferred about sloths from Pauli’s words
A．Their slow pace is a balanced choice.
B．They are in face of possible extinction.
C．Their slow pace decides a tiny appetite.
D．They suffer a lot against natural enemies.
14（2024上·陕西榆林·高一统考期末）Wood stork, which was on the brink of extinction in 1984, has recovered enough in Florida and other Southern states. The American wildlife officials proposed removing the waterfowl (水禽) from the endangered species list.
This symbolic species, which is the only stork native to North America, has rebounded (反弹) because dedicated partners in the southeast have worked tirelessly to restore ecosystems that support it. In addition, the wood stork has increased its range in coastal areas. The birds have adapted to new nesting areas, tripling the number of colonies across their range from 29 to 99 in recent years.
Credit goes mainly to the wildlife protections provided by the Endangered Species Act(ESA), which can impose restrictions on a variety of activities in areas where such species are, located, such as development, mining and oil drilling. The act saved the wood stork and it helped; preserve and rebuild vital habitats throughout the southeast, which has improved water quality and benefited countless other species who call the area home. The Endangered Species Act has saved 99% of the species that have been on the list since 1973, with 100 types of plants and animals delisted because they have recovered or are at least stable.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service said that restoration of the wood stork’s habitat, especially in the Florida Everglades and adjacent Big Cypress National Preserve, led to a, sharp increase in breeding pairs. Those numbers had shrunk to just 5,000 pairs in 1984, whereas there are more than 10,000 pairs today.
“The proposed delisting of the wood stork is a significant milestone and a remarkable, achievement of the hard work by federal agencies, state and local governments, tribes, conservation organizations, and private citizens in protecting and restoring our most at-risk species,” Interior Secretary Deb Haaland said.
If the wood stork is delisted, officials said it would remain protected by other laws including the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Clean Water Act. A monitoring plan, would be put in place for at least five years to ensure the stork population remains stable.
49．What can be inferred about the wood stork from the text
A．Its population is increasing.
B．It has already died out.
C．It is widely distributed worldwide.
D．It is the most endangered species.
50．What contribute mostly to recovering the population of the wood stork
A．Charity organizations.
B．Federal agencies.
C．Protections of the ESA．
D．Local companies.
51．What is Deb Haaland’s attitude to the delisting of the wood stork
A．Negative. B．Doubtful.
C．Indifferent. D．Positive.
52．What is the best title of the text
A．Effect of the Big Cypress National Preserve Counts
B．Saving of the Endangered Wood Stork Progresses
C．Efforts to Restore the Wildlife Habitat Pay Off
D．Protection of American Native Species Works
14（2024上·重庆·高一重庆十八中校联考期末）Pocket gophers (囊鼠) spend most of their lifetime alone, digging underground. Although they’re common across North and Central American grasslands, you’re unlikely to see one—their presence is usually only noticeable thanks to the piles of sandy soil they leave behind reaching more than 500 feet, usually about 50 inches below the ground.
Gophers were thought to feed themselves mainly by eating the roots (根) they meet while building new tunnel systems. Yet, digging tunnels is energetically costly and researchers show that only eating the roots just doesn’t make up for the energy spent.
To understand how else these animals get enough roots to survive, Francis Putz, a professor at the University of Florida, and the student researcher Veronica Selden looked at the behavior of gophers in northern Florida. They observed that, in the dark and wet tunnels the gophers had dug, new and soft roots grew fast.
The gophers seem to be actively looking after the roots like farmers, the scientists say. They create the perfect wet environment for roots and causing soil aeration (透气) by loosening the ground in which plants grow in the first place. Importantly, the gophers spread waste throughout the tunnels, which makes the roots grow more successfully. This is rather unlike other gopher species, which tend to have fixed waste areas.
The study found that the gophers’ daily harvest of root crops can supply from 21 to 62 percent of their calorie needs. “They have these long tunnels that cannot be explained,” Putz says. So why do it If it’s not to “farm food”, he says, “I can’t think of any other reason.”
But some researchers wonder if “farming” is a right term for the gophers’ activities. “To describe the activity as farming seems to be overstated,” says scientist Kimberly Asmus Hersey. “I don’t see this as all that different from many other plant and plant-eating animal relationships.”
53．What can be learned about the species of gophers
A．They exist all across America.
B．They are highly social animals.
C．They mainly live underground.
D．They dig tunnels 500 feet deep.
54．What do the researchers say about the roots gophers meet while digging
A．They are as hard as rocks for gophers to eat.
B．They make digging work more effort-taking.
C．They are perfect home locations for gophers.
D．They cannot meet gophers’ needs for energy.
55．What did the researchers find out about the gophers in Florida
A．They prefer building tunnels in dry conditions.
B．They try to make their tunnels as deep as possible.
C．They create a perfect environment for roots to grow.
D．They usually have fixed waste areas in their tunnels
56．What is Hersey’s attitude to Putz’s conclusion on gophers’ behavior
A．She disagrees with it.
B．She is curious about it.
C．She thinks highly of it.
D．She is unconcerned about it.
15（2024上·河南南阳·高二南阳市第五中学校校联考期末）A new study discussed the high probability that no chicks had survived from four of the five monitored (监测) emperor penguin groups in Antarctic. The satellite images showed the loss of sea ice at breeding (繁殖) sites, well before chicks would have developed waterproof feathers.
Emperor penguins are dependent on stable sea ice where they lay eggs in Antarctic winter from May to June. Eggs hatch after 65 days, but chicks do not grow feathers until summer, between December and January. So emperor penguins are highly sensitive in a warming climate.
Since 2016, Antarctica has seen the four years with the lowest sea ice extents in the 45-year satellite record, with the two lowest years in 2021/22 and 2022/23. Between 2018 and 2022, 30% of the 62 known emperor penguin groups in Antarctica were affected by part or total sea ice loss. Although it is difficult to immediately link specific extreme seasons to climate change, a longer-term decline (减少) in sea ice extent is expected from the current generation of climate models. At the beginning of December 2022, the Antarctic sea ice extent matched the previous all-time low set in 2021. The most extreme loss was seen in the central and eastern Bellingshausen Sea region, west of the Antarctic Peninsula where there was a 100% loss of sea ice in November 2022. Current scientific evidence suggests that extreme sea ice loss events like this will become more frequent and widespread.
Emperor penguin populations have never been subject to extensive hunting, home loss, overfishing or other local anthropogenic (人为的) interactions in the modern era. Unusually for a vertebrate (脊椎的) species, climate change is considered the only major factor influencing their long-term population change. Recent efforts to predict emperor penguin population trends from forecasts of sea ice loss have painted a dark picture, showing that if present rates of warming persist, over 90% of the groups will be extinct by the end of this century.
It is another warning sign for humanity that we cannot continue down this path, and that politicians must act to minimise the effect of climate change. There is no time left.
57．When do emperor penguins usually hatch
A．From May to June. B．From July to August.
C．In the months of summer. D．In the months of autumn.
58．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．Antarctic sea ice loss is becoming more and more serious.
B．Antarctic sea ice loss is obviously affected by climate change.
C．Antarctic sea ice loss reached 100% in November 2022.
D．Antarctic sea ice loss makes emperor penguins in danger.
59．Which has the main effect on Emperor penguin populations
A．Hunting. B．Home loss.
C．Overfishing. D．Climate change.
60．What is the best title for the text
A．Sea Ice Loss and Ecosystem Destruction
B．Understanding Emperor Penguin Groups
C．The Effect of Loss of Sea Ice on Penguins
D．The Importance of Stopping Climate Change《2024年1月“九省联考”英语真题解读与考后变式训练》
专题04 阅读理解B篇 (解析+词汇+变式+技巧+模拟) 解析版
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注意
B
篇位置是说明文不是传统记叙文
) (
原题呈现
)
阅读理解关键词：说明文,人与自然,动物习性,动物保护,濒危动物人,与动物和谐相处
Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other.
Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground; membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night.
As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves.
Because their biggest enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially reactive to quick movements from above and behind. For this reason, it is wise to avoid quick, sudden movements near your bird. This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason. Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.
As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.
24. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild
A. Living in a group.
B. Growing beautiful feathers.
C. Feeding on the ground.
D. Avoiding coming out at night.
25. What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk
A. To attack back. B. To get away.
C. To protect the young. D. To play dead.
26. Why would a balloon frighten a parrot
A. It may explode suddenly.
B. It may be in a strange shape.
C. It may have a strong color.
D. It may move around quickly.
27. What is the author’s purpose of writing the text
A. To explain wild parrots' behavior.
B. To give advice on raising a parrot.
C. To call for action to protect animals.
D. To introduce a study on bird ecology.
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答案解析
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【答案】24. A 25. B 26. B 27. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鹦鹉作为被捕食动物的行为特性和生存策略。
24.细节理解题。根据第二段“Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators.(群体中的成员在确保其安全和提高其从捕食者袭击中幸存下来的机会方面起着重要作用。)”可知，鹦鹉要想更好地在野外躲避攻击，重要的是要进行集体生活，故选A项。
25.细节理解题。根据第三段“As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight.(作为猎物，鹦鹉会时刻警惕危险，并本能地对风险做出反应。他们的第一反应是飞走)”可知，鹦鹉对直接风险的第一反应是逃跑，故选B项。
26.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.(简单且相对无害的家居用品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者真空软管可能与蛇相同)”可知，气球能够吓到鹦鹉是因为气球可能形状奇怪，使鹦鹉联想到鹰，故选B项。
27.推理判断题。根据第一段“Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other.(鹦鹉是猎物，这意味着野生的其他捕食者，如鹰或蛇，正在寻找将它们作为食物。这一个因素比任何其他因素都更能影响鹦鹉在家里的行为)”、倒数第二段“Simple and relatively harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose (吸尘器软管) may be the same as a snake in your bird’s mind.(简单且相对无害的家居用品会引起鸟类的极度恐惧反应。例如，在你的鸟心目中，气球可能代表鹰，或者真空软管可能与蛇相同)”以及最后一段“As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by exposure to new household items or strangers. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build flexibility and improve their adaptability. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.(作为猎物，鹦鹉经常被新的家庭用品或陌生人吓到。从很小的时候就开始让你的鸟接触安全的体验和变化，以建立灵活性并提高它们的适应性，这一点很重要。饮食和玩具的多样性、旅行以及接触新的人和地方都有助于让你的鸟更灵活，更适应变化)”可知，本文的写作目的是对饲养鹦鹉提建议，故选B项。
(
核心词汇
)
一、纲内词汇（酌情删减）
1. parrot n. 鹦鹉
2. prey n. 猎物
3. hawk n. 鹰
4. factor n. 因素
5. influence n. 影响
6. behavior n.行为
7. membership n. 会员身份
8. ensure vt. 确保
9. safety n. 安全
10. survival n.幸存
11. attack n.攻击
12. constantly ad 不断地
13. risk n.风险
14. flight n. 飞行
15. powerful adj.强大的
16. defend vt 保卫；辩护
17. reactive adj.有反应的；回应的
18. avoid vt避免
19. reaction n. 猎物
20. logic n. 逻辑
21. relatively ad. 相对地
22. harmless a. 无害的
23. household a. 家庭的
24. object n. 物体；宾语
25. balloon n. 气球
26. represent vt. 代表
27. exposure n.暴露；接触
28. item n. 项目
29. flexibility n. 灵活性
30. adaptability n. 适应性
31. feather n. 羽毛
32. explode vt 爆炸
33. ecology n. 生态
34. instinctively ad.本能地
35.built-in a.内置的
36.variety n. 多样性
二、高频词块（酌情删减）
1.in the wild 在野外
2.feed on 以……为食物
3.play a function in在…中起作用
4.watch out for 小心提防
5.react to 对……作出反应
6.take flight 逃跑；起飞
7.be reactive to 对…有反应
8.be subject to sth 受支配；常遭受…
9.expose…to… 暴露于
10.at a young age 在年轻时
11.avoind doing 避免做某事
12.call for 要求，需要
(
考点变式训练
)
一、词类转换（酌情删减）
1. influence n. 影响→influential a. 有影响的
2. safe a.安全的→safety n. 安全
3. survive v.幸存→survival n.幸存
4. fly v.飞行→flight n. 飞行
5. power n.力量→powerful adj.强大的
6. react v. 反应 →reactive adj.有反应的；回应的
7. relative a. 相对的→relatively ad. 相对地
8. expose vt. 暴露；接触→ exposure n.暴露；接触
9. flexible a 灵活的→flexibility n. 灵活性
10. adapt vt.适应 →adaptable a. 可适应性的→adaptability n. 适应性
11. instinctive ad本能地 →instinctively ad.本能地
12. vary v. 波动，变化→variety n. 多样性
二、纲内词汇翻译（酌情删减）
1. parrot n. 鹦鹉
2. prey n. 猎物
3. hawk n. 鹰
4. factor n. 因素
5. influence n. 影响
6. behavior n.行为
7. membership n. 会员身份
8. ensure vt. 确保
9. safety n. 安全
10. survival n.幸存
11. attack n.攻击
12. constantly ad 不断地
13. risk n.风险
14. flight n. 飞行
15. powerful adj.强大的
16. defend vt 保卫；辩护
17. reactive adj.有反应的；回应的
18. avoid vt避免
19. reaction n. 猎物
20. logic n. 逻辑
21. relatively ad. 相对地
22. harmless a. 无害的
23. household a. 家庭的
24. object n. 物体；宾语
25. balloon n. 气球
26. represent vt. 代表
27. exposure n.暴露；接触
28. item n. 项目
29. flexibility n. 灵活性
30. adaptability n. 适应性
31. feather n. 羽毛
32. explode vt 爆炸
33. ecology n. 生态
34. instinctively ad.本能地
35.built-in a.内置的
36.variety n. 多样性
三、高频词块翻译（酌情删减）
1.in the wild 在野外
2.feed on 以……为食物
3.play a function in在…中起作用
4.watch out for 小心提防
5.react to 对……作出反应
6.take flight 逃跑；起飞
7.be reactive to 对…有反应
8.be subject to sth 受支配；常遭受…
9.expose…to… 暴露于
10.at a young age 在年轻时
11.avoind doing 避免做某事
12.call for 要求，需要
四、单句填空（核心考点习题化）
1. Parrots are prey animals, __________ means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make __________(they) into a meal.
2. This one factor influences __________(parrot) behavior in your house more than any other.
3. Parrots are most easily hurt when __________(feed) on the ground.
4. Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their __________(safe) and improving their chances of __________(survive) from attacks by predators.
5. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day __________ others hunt in the night.
6. As prey animals, parrots are __________(constant) watching out __________ danger and they instinctively react __________ risks.
7. Their first __________(choose) is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks__________(defend) themselves.
8. Because their __________(big) enemy is the hawk, parrots are especially __________(react) to quick movements from above and behind.
9. For this reason, it is wise __________(avoid) quick, sudden movements near your bird.
10. This is a built-in reaction not subject __________ logic or reason.
11. Simple and __________(relative) harmless household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird.
12. For example, a balloon may represent a hawk or a vacuum hose may be the same __________ a snake in your bird’s mind.
13. As prey animals, parrots are often frightened by __________(expose) to new household items or strangers.
14. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes starting at a very young age to build __________(flexible) and improve their __________(adaptable).
15. __________(vary) in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and __________(adapt) to change.
【参考答案】
1. which, them 2. parrots’3. feeding 4. safety, survival 5. while 6. constantly, for, to 7. choice, to defend 8. biggest, reactive 9. to avoid 10. to 11. relatively 12. as 13. exposure 14. flexibility, adaptability 15. Variety, adaptable
五、熟词新意(defend用法)
1. How can you defend such behaviour
2. Troops have been sent to defend the borders.
3. He has employed one of the UK's top lawyers to defend him.
4. She will be defending her title at next month's championships.
5. (2024九省联考B篇)However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves.
【参考答案】
1. 辩解；辩白2. 防御；保护3. 为…辩护，当辩护律师4. 保住（头衔、席位等）5. 防御；保护
六、长难句分析（括号法+标记法）
1. It is important to expose your bird to safe experiences and changes [starting at a very young age] to build flexibility and improve their adaptability.
【翻译】从很小的时候就开始让你的鸟接触安全的经历和变化，以建立灵活性并提高它们的适应性，这一点很重要。
【分析】It是形式主语；后边动词不定式是真正地主语；starting at a very young age作时间状语；to build flexibility and improve their adaptability作目的状语。
2. Variety in diet and toys, travel, and exposure to new people and places all help to make your bird more flexible and adaptable to change.
【翻译】饮食和玩具的多样性、旅行以及接触新的人和地方都有助于让你的鸟更灵活，更适应变化。
【分析】主语部分是三个名词，Variety, travel, exposure…；make后接形容词短语作宾语补足语。
(
2023年四省联考
)
As a young girl growing up in France, Sarah Toumi dreamed of becoming a leader who could make the world a better place. Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. There she organized homework clubs and activities for children. Toumi witnessed first-hand the destructive effect of desertification. “Within 10 years rich farmers became worse off, and in 10 years from now they will be poor. I wanted to stop the Sahara Desert in its tracks.” A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts (干旱) have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification.
Toumi recognized that farming practices needed to change. She is confident that small land areas can bring large returns if farmers are able to adapt by planting sustainable crops, using new technologies for water treatment and focusing on natural products and fertilizers (肥料) rather than chemicals.
In 2012, Toumi consolidated her dream to fight the desert. She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action. “I want to show young people in rural areas that they can create opportunities where they are. Nobody is better able to understand the impact of desertification and climate change than somebody who is living with no access to water.”
By September 2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 percent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. She expects to plant 1 million trees by 2018. In the next couple of years, Toumi hopes to extend the programme to Algeria and Morocco.
24. How did Toumi’s holiday trips to Tunisia influence her
A. They made her decide to leave the country.
B. They helped her better understand her father.
C. They fired her enthusiasm for helping others.
D. They destroyed her dream of being a teacher.
25. What is the main cause of the desertification of Tunisia’s farmland
A．Low rainfall. B. Soil pollution.
C. Cold weather. D. Forest damage.
26. Why did Toumi set up Acacias for All in Tunisia
A. To create job opportunities for young people.
B. To help the children obtain a basic education.
C. To persuade the farmers not to use fertilizers.
D. To facilitate the protection of their farmland.
27. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Saving Water in Tunisia
B. Planting Trees of Native Species
C. Holding back the Sahara
D. Fighting Poverty in North Africa
(
答案解析
)
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公图米在一次去突尼斯旅游的过程中激发了她要帮助当地人热情，由此创立了“Acacias for All”项目，改善当地农田，实践其可持续农业的理念。
24.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Her passion to help others was awakened when, from the age of nine, she accompanied her Tunisian father to his birthplace in the east of the country during holidays. (9岁那年，她陪伴着身为突尼斯人的父亲，到突尼斯东部的出生地度假，这唤醒了她帮助他人的热情。)”可知，图米去突尼斯度假的经历唤醒了她帮助他人的热情。故选C。
25.细节理解题。根据第一段中“ A decrease in average rainfall and an increase in the severity of droughts (干旱)have led to an estimated 75 percent of Tunisia’s agricultural lands being threatened by desertification.(平均降雨量的减少和干旱严重程度的增加导致突尼斯大约75%的农业土地受到沙漠化的威胁。)”可知，降雨量少是突尼斯农田沙漠化的主要原因。故选A。
26.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“She moved to Tunisia, and set up a programme named Acacias for All to put her sustainable farming philosophy into action. (她搬到突尼斯，并建立了一个名为“Acacias for All”的项目，将她的可持续农业理念付诸行动。)”以及最后一段中“By September 2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 per cent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland.(截至2016年9月，在20个试点农场种植了13万多棵金合欢树，农民的成活率达到60%。图米估计，为了保护突尼斯的农田，大约需要300万棵金金合欢。)”可知，她创立“Acacias for All”项目的目的是保护当地的农田。故选D。
27.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“By September 2016, more than 130, 000 acacia trees had been planted on 20 pilot farms, with farmers recording a 60 per cent survival rate. Toumi estimates that some 3 million acacia trees are needed to protect Tunisia’s farmland. (截至2016年9月，在20个试点农场种植了13万多棵金合欢树，农民的成活率达到60%。图米估计，为了保护突尼斯的农田，大约需要300万棵金合槐。)”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述的是主人公图米在9岁时，在一次陪伴爸爸去突尼斯旅游的过程中激发了她要帮助当地人热情，由此创立了“Acacias for All”项目，改善当地农田，坚持与沙漠作斗争，实践其可持续农业的理念。C选项“Holding back the Sahara(与撒哈拉沙漠作斗争)”符合文章标题。故选C。
(
解题指导
)
说明文解题指导
一、细读文章重点
关注文章结构；文章主题句；各段首末句；体现作者观点态度的词句。
二、明确说明对象
通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的逻辑联系，加深对说明对象的理解。
三、弄清说明顺序
在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊的解说。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。
四、把握作者态度
说明文的首段一般借用生活中的某个场景事件引入说明的事物。一般穿插人们对被说明事物的看法和观点，要仔细体会观点的倾向性和情感色彩，来对比作者态度和写作情感。
五、吃透长难句子
学会运用括号法分析长难句，把影响考生理解的各种从句、非谓语动词短语以及复杂介词短语括起来，从而达到“去枝叶，留主干”的目的，进而准确理解句子含义。
六、学会适当放弃
无关大局的生僻词汇阅读中经常会遇到一些生词，如果这些生词对理解全文没有影响或影响不大就可略过。较长的人名、地名有许多较长的表示人名、地名等的专有名词，阅读时可一扫而过或干脆用其首字母代替，不必试图把整个专有名词读出来。
(
历年真题
速递
)
1（2010·全国·高考真题）Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws (爪) on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6m above the river, an important feature for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.
In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though, is only found in the young.
Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive（远古的) birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lose their claws.
During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.
1．What is the text mainly about
A．Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.
B．The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.
C．Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.
D．The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.
2．Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that ___________.
A．they look like young cuckoos
B．they have claws on the wings
C．they eat a lot like a cow
D．they live on river banks
3．What can we infer about primitive birds from the text
A．They had claw s to help them climb.
B．They could fly long distances.
C．They had four wings like hoatzins.
D．They had a head with long feathers on the top.
4．Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes
A．To find more food.
B．To protect themselves better.
C．To keep themselves w arm.
D．To produce their young.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生活在亚马逊地区的一种鸟hoatzin，它们的外貌很漂亮，幼鸟和成鸟的生活习性不同以及它们的繁殖习性。
1．主题大意题。纵观全文，文章主要讲的是hoatzin麝雉，这种鸟类的外貌以及生活习性。
2．细节理解题。根据第一段has claws(爪)on its wings when young,和第三段可知，hoatzin在幼年期它们的翅膀上有爪子，而长大学会飞之后就没有了。
3．推理判断题。由Using these four claw s, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive （远古的) birds must have done. 可知，用它们的四个爪子，可以帮助它们爬行，这非常像原始鸟类的做法。
4．细节理解题。由最后一段…but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.可知，它们这样做的目的是繁育后代。选D。
2（2021·浙江·统考高考真题）Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
“That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said. “They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling: “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”.
“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. ”
5．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter
A．Memorizing specific words.
B．Understanding complex information.
C．Using voices to communicate.
D．Communicating messages on purpose.
6．What did Dr Shultz think of the study
A．It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B．It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
7．What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean
A．Difference. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Connection.
8．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B．Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D．Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
【答案】5．D 6．B 7．A 8．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩用来交流的手势含义。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.(她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，它们故意向其他成员发送信息)”可知，根据Dr Hobaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were a little disappointing.(曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜 舒尔茨博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果有点令人失望)”可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B。
7．词句猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.(在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西)”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communications.(此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息)”可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So, it seems the gulf remains.(所以，看来差异依然存在)”。由此可知，划线词gulf与difference意思接近。故选A。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees use to communicate.(研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义)”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果。由此可知，D项Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated(黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
3（2024上·湖北十堰·高三统考期末）Bringing species like beavers (河狸) back to England is no longer a priority, the government said on Friday to criticism from wildlife groups.
A recent report shows that one in six UK species are at risk of extinction. In September more than 60 conservation organisations reported a significant decline in species due to expansions in farming and the effects of climate change. In recent years, animals and plants have been reintroduced by charities as part of efforts to restore the country’s reduced biodiversity.
Despite the government allowing this, the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee concluded in July that there was an absence of long-term plans on how to manage this. In response, the government has now said that the ”reintroduction of species is not a priority“.
The government said it was focused on increasing biodiversity through habitat restoration. The government’s environment department has come under scrutiny(详细审查) for not doing more to prevent sewage dumping and other forms of pollution in England’s waterways.
Sir Robert Goodwill, chair of the Committee, said he was disappointed with the government response. Bringing back extinct species is a controversial issue-although farmers and landowners appear broadly supportive, there are risks of reintroducing new species, and without clear guidance, problems could arise.
A recent study showed that river barriers similar to those built by beavers can protect communities at risk of flooding. But there have also been cases documented in Europe where beavers have built their dams in places that have damaged crops and changed rivers.
Joan Edwards, director of Policy & Public Affairs at The Wildlife Trusts said, ”Reintroducing wildlife must be part of the UK government’s arsenal (武器) for tackling nature loss and climate change-it is astonishing there is no strategy for doing so.
“The return of wild beavers can help to recreate lost wetlands, with a knock-on effect that benefits other wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers also slow the flow of water, which can reduce flood risks to towns and villages, ”she said.
9．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A study. B．A diary. C．A guide. D．A report.
10．How did the UK government plan to increase biodiversity
A．By expanding farming. B．By offering guidance.
C．By restoring habitat. D．By developing strategy.
11．What did Joan Edwards think of reintroduction of wildlife
A．It was beneficial. B．It was controversial.
C．It was messy. D．It was costly.
12．What is the text mainly about
A．The advantages of reintroducing wildlife.
B．The responses to a government statement.
C．The effects of climate change on farming.
D．The approaches to increasing biodiversity.
【答案】9．D 10．C 11．A 12．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讨论了英国政府关于重新引入像海狸这样的物种的立场，以及这一决定受到野生动物团体批评的情况。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段“A recent report shows that one in six UK species are at risk of extinction. In September more than 60 conservation organisations reported a significant decline in species due to expansions in farming and the effects of climate change.(最近的一份报告显示，英国六分之一的物种面临灭绝的风险。9月，60多个保护组织报告称，由于农业的扩张和气候变化的影响，物种数量大幅下降)”以及第三段“Despite the government allowing this, the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Committee concluded in July that there was an absence of long-term plans on how to manage this.(尽管政府允许这样做，但环境、食品和农村事务委员会在7月得出结论，缺乏如何管理这一问题的长期计划)”可推理出，本文来自于一个报告，故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“The government said it was focused on increasing biodiversity through habitat restoration(政府表示，其重点是通过栖息地恢复来增加生物多样性)”可知，英国政府计划通过恢复栖息地增加生物多样性，故选C项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The return of wild beavers can help to recreate lost wetlands, with a knock-on effect that benefits other wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers also slow the flow of water, which can reduce flood risks to towns and villages(野生海狸的回归有助于重建失去的湿地，并产生连锁反应，使包括昆虫、无脊椎动物和鸟类在内的其他野生动物受益。海狸还减缓了水流，这可以降低城镇和村庄的洪水风险)”可推理出，琼·爱德华兹认为野生动物的重新引入是有益的，故选A项。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Bringing species like beavers (河狸) back to England is no longer a priority, the government said on Friday to criticism from wildlife groups.(周五，英国政府表示，将海狸等物种带回英国不再是当务之急，这遭到了野生动物组织的批评)”、第四段“The government said it was focused on increasing biodiversity through habitat restoration(政府表示，其重点是通过栖息地恢复来增加生物多样性)”以及最后一段“The return of wild beavers can help to recreate lost wetlands, with a knock-on effect that benefits other wildlife including insects, invertebrates and birds. Beavers also slow the flow of water, which can reduce flood risks to towns and villages(野生海狸的回归有助于重建失去的湿地，并产生连锁反应，使包括昆虫、无脊椎动物和鸟类在内的其他野生动物受益。海狸还减缓了水流，这可以降低城镇和村庄的洪水风险)”推理出，本文主要围绕着英国政府最近的声明，即重新引入海狸等物种不是优先事项，以及野生动物团体、保护组织和罗伯特·古德利爵士和琼·爱德华兹等关键人物随后的反应。它讨论了政府对通过栖息地恢复而不是重新引入物种来增加生物多样性的立场，并强调了对此事的不同意见，包括重新引入的好处和潜在风险，以及缺乏明确的管理战略，所以本文主要说的是对政府声明的反应，故选B项。
4（2023·全国·统考高考真题）Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.
The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
13．How do Americans look at grizzlies
A．They cause mixed feelings in people.
B．They should be kept in national parks.
C．They are of high scientific value.
D．They are a symbol of American culture.
14．What has helped the increase of the grizzly population
A．The European settlers’ behavior.
B．The expansion of bears’ range.
C．The protection by law since 1975.
D．The support of Native Americans.
15．What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies
A．The opposition of conservation groups.
B．The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C．The voice of the biologists.
D．The local farmers’ advocates.
16．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B．People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C．A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D．Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
【答案】13．A 14．C 15．A 16．B
【导语】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. (灰熊可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. (1975年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Today, there are about 2, 000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是环保组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviously, if precautions aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。
5（2023上·广西南宁·高三南宁三中校考阶段练习）The average bear, it seems, is getting over smarter. First, it turned out that at least one can use a comb. Now it appears that some can count too.
Jennifer Vonk, of Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, from Georgia State University, set three American black bears the task of distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller groups of dots (点) on a computer screen. In return for a food reward one bear, Brutus, would touch the more heavily dotted pattern with his nose. The others, Bella and Dusty, would touch the screen with their claws (爪子).
As the researchers report in Animal Behavior, the bears did best with patterns where the coloured dots did not move and where more of them also took up a larger coloured area. This could be explained by the bears’ distinguishing the different areas of colour rather than truly counting the dots. However, the three bears managed to pick out the bigger number of dots even in pairs of patterns where fewer dots took up a larger area.
Moving patterns, where each dot followed its own path around the screen, were more of a challenge. But Brutus, at least, was not defeated. He seemed to be counting mobile dots even when the scientists tried to mislead him by moving the total coloured area of the dots at the same time.
It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence. They face a lot of challenges when trying to get food. They are, however, always alone, and so do not have the complex social systems that contribute to animal smarts. Perhaps, then, their maths skill developed because they cannot count on their friends for help.
17．What task did the scientists set for the three bears
A．Distinguishing different dot patterns.
B．Figuring out different colours of dots.
C．Putting the dots into differently coloured groups.
D．Picking out the group with a larger number of acts.
18．For the bears, the task was easier when ______.
A．the coloured dots were moving slowly
B．the dot patterns were regular in shape
C．the dots followed a path on the screen
D．more dots covered a larger coloured area
19．Why do the bears have high degree or intelligence
A．They have to survive by themselves.
B．They learn skills from other friends.
C．They feed on a diverse range of food.
D．They have complex social networks.
20．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Bears Taught to Distinguish Colours
B．Three Bears Learned How to Count
C．New Evidence of Bear Intelligence Found
D．The Smartest American Black Bear Brutus
【答案】17．A 18．D 19．A 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现——熊有高智商。研究表明，熊不仅会使用梳子，有些熊还会数数。熊总是独自应对生活中的很多挑战，这可能解释了它们为什么有高智商。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“Jennifer Vonk, of Oakland University, in Michigan, and Michael Beran, from Georgia State University, set three American black bears the task of distinguishing between numerically larger and smaller groups of dots (点) on a computer screen.(密歇根州奥克兰大学的Jennifer Vonk和乔治亚州立大学的Michael Beran给三只美国黑熊布置了一项任务，让它们在电脑屏幕上区分数值较大和较小的点组)”以及第三段“However, the three bears managed to pick out the bigger number of dots even in pairs of patterns where fewer dots took up a larger area.(然而，这三只熊设法挑出了更多的点，即使是在成对的图案中，更少的点占据更大的面积)”可知，科学家们给这三头熊安排的任务是在电脑屏幕上区分数字上较大和较小的点组，选出点数较多的一组。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段“As the researchers report in Animal Behavior, the bears did best with patterns where the coloured dots did not move and where more of them also took up a larger coloured area.(正如研究人员在《动物行为》杂志上所报告的那样，熊在彩色点不移动的模式下表现最好，而且更多的彩色点占据了更大的彩色区域)”可知，对熊来说，当更多的点覆盖更大的彩色区域时，这个任务更容易。故选D。
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It is not entirely surprising that bears should have a high degree of intelligence. They face a lot of challenges when trying to get food. They are, however, always alone, and so do not have the complex social systems that contribute to animal smarts.(熊具有高度的智力并不完全令人惊讶。他们在寻找食物时面临很多挑战。然而，它们总是孤独的，因此没有复杂的社会系统，而这有助于动物的智慧)”可知，熊有高智商是因为必须靠自己生存。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The average bear, it seems, is getting over smarter. First, it turned out that at least one can use a comb. Now it appears that some can count too. (普通的熊似乎越来越聪明了。首先，事实证明，至少有一个熊可以使用梳子。现在看来，有些熊也会数数了)”结合本文主要介绍了一项新发现，说明熊是一种高智商动物，B选项“发现了证明熊智力的新证据”最符合文章标题。故选C。
6（2021·全国·高考真题）Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we’re all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She’s healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It’s still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
21．Which of the following best describes the breeding programme
A．Costly. B．Controversial.
C．Ambitious. D．Successful.
22．What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino
A．She loves staying with her mother.
B．She dislikes outdoor activities.
C．She is in good condition
D．She is sensitive to heat.
23．What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have
A．They had their first born in January.
B．They enjoyed exploring new places
C．They lived with their grandmothers.
D．They were brought to the reserve young
24．What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve
A．The rhino section will be open to the public.
B．It aims to control the number of the animals.
C．It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D．Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
【答案】21．D 22．C 23．A 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Port Lympne保护区的繁殖计划迎来了一只罕见的黑犀牛的出生。
21．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. (她成为该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛。)”以及文章倒数第二段“His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there. (他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在保护区，至今仍住在那里。)”可知，保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活，因此可推断这计划是成功的。故选D项。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She’s healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. (她很健康，很强壮，已经渴望玩耍和探索了。)”可知，Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。
23．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When the tinv creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. (1月31日，当这头小犀牛来到保护区时，她成为了第40头在保护区出生的黑犀牛。)”以及文章倒数第二段“The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. (1月5日，犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩的第一头小犀牛，同时也是第一个出生在Port Lympne，体重约为32公斤。)”可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。
24．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild .(要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早。)”可推知，Pon Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
6（2021·全国·高考真题）When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
25．What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A．Loss of wetlands.
B．Popularity of water sports.
C．Pollution of rivers.
D．Arrival of other wild animals.
26．What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A．Acquire. B．Export.
C．Destroy. D．Distribute.
27．What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A．The stamp price has gone down.
B．The migratory birds have flown away.
C．The hunters have stopped hunting.
D．The government has collected money.
28．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．The Federal Duck Stamp Story
B．The National Wildlife Refuge System
C．The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl
D．The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【答案】25．A 26．C 27．D 28．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由于栖息地减少，美国水禽骤减，因此联邦发行鸭票，狩猎者只有购买鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护水禽。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.(数百万只水禽被市场猎人和一些野心勃勃的运动员杀死。数百万英亩的湿地被抽干，以养活和安置不断增加的人口，大大减少了水禽的栖息地)”可知，数百万英亩的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，导致水禽的栖息地减少，水禽数量下降。故选A。
26．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.(美洲原住民明智地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。不幸的是，仅仅几十年的探险家和定居者就decimate这些资源的大部分)”可知，前后句形成转折，前一句陈述美洲原住民保护这些宝贵的自然资源，所以后句表示探险家和定居者破坏了这些自然资源，推测划线单词表示“破坏”，与destroy同义。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.(自1934年以来，已有超过5亿美元投入该基金，用于购买500多万英亩的栖息地)”可知，自1934年通过法案，政府获得超过5亿美元，已经筹集了很多资金，以购买水禽栖息地。故选D。
28．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. (根据该法案，所有16岁及以上的水禽猎人必须每年购买并携带联邦鸭章)”以及第三段“Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.(难怪联邦鸭票计划被称为有史以来最成功的保护计划之一)”可知，本文主要讲述了联邦鸭票的故事，所以“联邦鸭票的故事”可以作为文章标题。故选A。
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名校好题速递
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8（2024上·重庆·高二重庆南开中学校考期末）Many guests have had the pleasure of observing the magnificent cheetahs (猎豹) that find shelter on the Tswalu Private Reserve, but they might not be aware of the work to make these wild cats feel comfortable in the presence of humans. As a conservation photographer, I spent a day with conservator Clement Motau to understand what it takes to habituate cheetahs.
Habituating wildlife is an on-going process —slowly getting wild animals used to the presence of vehicles and people. Animals like cheetahs receive regular visits from the wildlife conservation team. That way they learn that in this privately protected area, humans pose no threat to.
Clement, now 29 years old, spent his early childhood in Middelburg, but he would go to the rural area every chance he got, including most school holidays. “I enjoyed climbing mountains and being outdoors. I always knew I wanted to work with wild animals.” He decided to study nature conservation rather than become a tour guide because “dealing with people all the time is not my strongest point.” After three years of studies, he came to Tswalu in 2016 and was offered a position on the conservation team. Though one day rarely looks the same as another, with tasks ranging from collaring wild dogs to mending fences, the chance to spend time with cheetahs is an experience he particularly enjoys.
An hour after we first spotted Artemis, Clement's favorite cheetah, she is still on the move, clearly looking for a meal. She is a beautiful animal, and I am in no hurry to leave. Though she seems unbothered by our presence, we don't want to negatively impact her chances of feeding. Wildlife tourism is an essential conservation tool, both to raise awareness and to pay for all the costs. But the wellbeing of the animals always comes first. “She is very obliging with us today,” he says. “So relaxed. The guides and our guests will love her. She'll be a future star.”
29．What do we know about habituating wild animals
A．It's a process to get wild animals used to humans.
B．It's done by paying random visits to wild animals.
C．Wild animals will benefit from this practice.
D．Such practice is limited to private reserves.
30．Why did Clement choose to become a nature conservator
A．Because he liked a job with various tasks...
B．Because being a tour guide was not his dream.
C．Because he enjoyed spending time with wild animals.
D．Because working with animals was his strongest point.
31．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably mean
A．Artemis is responding to our request.
B．Artemis is warning us to keep a distance.
C．Artemis is inviting us to enter her territory.
D．Artemis is feeling comfortable with our presence.
32．What is the text mainly about
A．A remarkable cheetah conservator.
B．A reserve for cheetahs.
C．A cheetah conservation program.
D．A tour with a cheetah conservator.
【答案】29．A 30．C 31．D 32．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者与猎豹保育员的一天之行，了解了猎豹如何适应栖息地，习惯人类的存在。
29．细节理解题。文章第二段第一句“Habituating wildlife is an on-going process —slowly getting wild animals used to the presence of vehicles and people.”(使野生动物适应栖息地是一个持续的过程——即慢慢地让野生动物适应车辆和人的存在。)可知，使野生动物适应栖息地即让它们能够习惯人类的存在。故选A项。
30．细节理解题。文章第三段第三行“I always knew I wanted to work with wild animals.”(我一直知道我想和野生动物一起工作。)和第三段最后一句“ Though one day rarely looks the same as another, with tasks ranging from collaring wild dogs to mending fences, the chance to spend time with cheetahs is an experience he particularly enjoys.”(虽然每一天都不同，任务从给野狗套项圈到修补栅栏，但他特别喜欢有机会和猎豹相处。)可知，Clement选择成为一位自然保育员是因为他喜欢和野生动物待在一块。故选C项。
31．词义猜测题。文章最后一段第三句“Though she seems unbothered by our presence, we don't want to negatively impact her chances of feeding.”( 尽管她似乎对我们的出现毫不在意，但我们不想对她进食的机会产生负面影响。)和最后一段最后一句““So relaxed. The guides and our guests will love her. She'll be a future star.””(“放轻松。导游和我们的客人会喜欢她的。她将成为未来的明星。”)可知，最开始发现Artemis时，这只Clement最喜欢的猎豹对于人类的出现完全没有感到惊慌，仍自在地捕猎。现在导游和客人都很爱她，说明Artemis已经习惯了人类的存在，没有不适的反应。故选D项。
32．主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句“As a conservation photographer, I spent a day with conservator Clement Motau to understand what it takes to habituate cheetahs.”(作为一名野生动物保护摄影师，我花了一天时间与保育员Clement Motau一起了解是什么使得猎豹适应栖息地。)可知，本文主要讲述了作者与猎豹保育员Clement一天的旅行。故选D项。
9（2024上·山东德州·高三统考期末）A sleeping animal cannot look for food or flee from danger. But the fact that sleep is widespread among animals shows its restorative powers are essential. Some animals, though, try to have their cake and eat it. Dolphins and ducks sleep with half their brains, leaving the other half on guard. A paper in Science by Dr Le reports another innovative workaround. Chinstrap penguins take their sleep in thousands of naps, tiny micro- sleeps-or at least when they are nesting.
Chinstraps sleep with either their whole brain or just one half. Data confirmed they sleep in the ocean or on land. Ducks sleep in long periods, while the penguins nod of for several seconds at a time, hundreds of times an hour. The naps average 4 seconds in length; 72% lasted less than 10 seconds. Micro-sleeps aren’t unknown. Exhausted humans, like jet-lagged (倒时差) tourists and parents of newborn babies, can experience them. Totaling the duration, the researchers concluded Chinstraps get around 12 hours of sleep daily.
Two explanations are given for Chinstraps’ sleep pattern. The first is to do with external threats. Penguins hatch eggs alone while their partners are away seeking for food. Colonies (领地) are threatened by big birds that’ll steal unattended eggs. Broken sleep is a clever strategy of getting some shut-eye during long egg-guarding periods.
Penguins with nests near the edge of the colony are at greater risk than those in the centre, but enjoy more extended naps. The second is threats from within, as penguin colonies are noisy, crowded places. They steal nesting materials from careless neighbors, so penguins in the crime-ridden centre find it harder to sleep than those in the safer suburbs.
Choosing between those theories requires more research. Dr Lee said, “Nor can we measure how restorative such naps are. Chinstraps are evidently able to hatch their young under such conditions, which suggests they’re getting something from their constant nodding-off. So, humans nurturing their newborns should take heart.”
33．Why do dolphins and ducks sleep with only one side of their brains
A．To enjoy their cake.
B．To establish a nice nest.
C．To be watchful during naps.
D．To obtain high-quality sleep.
34．What does Chinstraps’ sleep pattern feature
A．Engaging in numerous naps a day.
B．Sleeping nowhere beyond the ocean.
C．Ranging from 4 seconds to 12 hours.
D．Always sleeping with the entire brain.
35．What can be inferred from the explanations in paragraph 3
A．Penguins live safely in natural colonies.
B．Penguins encounter a variety of challenges.
C．Penguins hatch their eggs away from colony.
D．Penguins at the core of the colony sleep longer.
36．What does Dr Lee think of Chinstraps’ micro-naps
A．Their duration is hard to detect.
B．They distract the restorative effects.
C．Adopting them aids human newborns.
D．Taking this sleep mode favors penguins.
【答案】33．C 34．A 35．B 36．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海豚和鸭子睡觉时只用一侧大脑是因为小睡时要保持警觉。其中帽带企鹅选择了一天小睡很多次的睡眠模式，文章分析了这一行为背后的原因以及好处。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段“Dolphins and ducks sleep with half their brains, leaving the other half on guard.(海豚和鸭子睡觉时用一半的大脑，另一半则处于戒备状态)”可知，海豚和鸭子睡觉时只用一侧大脑是因为小睡时要保持警觉。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段“Ducks sleep in long periods, while the penguins nod of for several seconds at a time, hundreds of times an hour.(鸭子的睡眠时间很长，而这种企鹅每次打盹几秒钟，一小时打盹数百次)”可知，帽带企鹅的睡眠模式是一天小睡很多次。故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段“The first is to do with external threats. Penguins hatch eggs alone while their partners are away seeking for food. Colonies (领地) are threatened by big birds that’ll steal unattended eggs.(首先是外部威胁。企鹅在同伴外出觅食时独自孵化蛋。领地受到大鸟的威胁，它们会偷走无人看管的鸟蛋)”可推知，企鹅遇到各种各样的挑战。故选B。
36．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Chinstraps are evidently able to hatch their young under such conditions, which suggests they’re getting something from their constant nodding-off.(帽带企鹅显然能够在这样的条件下孵化它们的后代，这表明它们从不断的打盹中得到了一些东西)”可知，李博士认为帽带企鹅的“微小睡”睡眠模式有利于企鹅。故选D。
10（2024上·四川达州·高二统考期末）“THEY’RE ALL IN TROUBLE,” says Kenyan ecologist Paula Kahumbu. “All elephants are in major, major trouble.”
Populations of the three species have declined: savanna (热带草原) elephants forest elephants and the smaller-eared Asian elephants. And we’re to blame. We’ve expanded (扩张) into elephant territory, building homes and roads, cutting down forests and planting crops. Besides, with the rise of poaching (偷猎), the number of elephants has decreased and became dangerously low in the past five decades.
“Poaching doesn’t just destroy animals,” says Kahumbu, “it gradually weakens society.” That’s why her organization monitored poaching cases in Kenyan courts, launched a campaign called Hands Off Our Elephants and educated children on the value of wildlife. Kahumbu’s goal is noble and urgent: to change “the whole national awareness about conservation.”
Now, she’s taking her message to an international stage with Secrets of the Elephants, a four-part series on National Geographic. It explores the hidden lives of elephants in four habitats — Asia, plus African forests, deserts, and savannas — as well as the people who are racing to save the animals.
“We kind of know what they need, but we aren’t always generous enough.” Secrets of the Elephants, she hopes, will familiarize people with the wildlife that lives among them.
While making the series, the difficult situation of some elephants shocked her. “You look at their faces and they look so sad,” she says. She particularly noticed this in Asia, where Asian elephants and people live in increasingly close distance.
“Despite decades of research into African elephants, much research into Asian elephants has fallen behind — which is why our programme in the following pages will focus on this species,” she adds.
37．What does paragraph 2 focus on
A．The features of three species of elephants.
B．The different situations of the elephants.
C．The causes for the decrease of the elephants.
D．The impact of Human behaviors on elephants.
38．What did Kahumbu do
A．She monitored poachers hunting elephants.
B．She filmed a feature about elephants.
C．She started a national wildlife protection movement.
D．She changed people’s awareness of wildlife protection.
39．What can be inferred about the Asian elephants
A．They like to get close to humans.
B．They are almost ignored by experts.
C．They remain mysterious to humans.
D．They are gradually losing their habitat.
40．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Take action: Stop Poaching
B．Film series: Secrets of the Elephants
C．Kahumbu: A Brave Kenyan Ecologist
D．Endangered: Three Species of Elephants
【答案】37．D 38．C 39．D 40．D
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章描述了三种大象数量急剧下降的现状和原因，以及肯尼亚生态学家Paula Kahumbu的组织对保护大象所作的努力。
37．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Populations of the three species have declined: savanna (热带草原) elephants forest elephants and the smaller-eared Asian elephants.”（这三种物种的数量已经下降：热带草原象、森林象和小耳朵亚洲象。）和“And we’re to blame.”（我们应负责任。）和后面对人类行为的具体描述可知，本段主要在讲述人类行为对大象产生的影响。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段“That’s why her organization monitored poaching cases in Kenyan courts, launched a campaign called Hands Off Our Elephants and educated children on the value of wildlife. Kahumbu’s goal is noble and urgent: to change “the whole national awareness about conservation.”（这就是为什么她的组织在肯尼亚法院监控偷猎案件，发起了一项名为“放开我们的大象”的运动，并教育孩子们了解野生动物的价值。Kahumbu的目标崇高而紧迫:改变“整个国家对环境保护的意识”。）可知，Kahumbu发起了一项全国的野生动物保护运动。故选C。
39．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“While making the series, the difficult situation of some elephants shocked her. “You look at their faces and they look so sad,” she says.”（在拍摄这个系列的时候，一些大象的困境震惊了她。“你看看它们的脸，它们看起来很悲伤，”她说。）和“She particularly noticed this in Asia, where Asian elephants and people live in increasingly close distance.”（她在亚洲特别注意到这一点，在那里，亚洲象和人的住的距离越来越近。）可知，大象正生活在困境当中，生活得很艰难、痛苦，亚洲的大象和人住的越来越近，说明大象的栖息地正逐渐被人类占领，它们也逐渐失去了自己的栖息地。故选D。
40．主旨大意题。根据第一段““THEY’RE ALL IN TROUBLE,” says Kenyan ecologist Paula Kahumbu. “All elephants are in major, major trouble.””（“它们都有麻烦了，”肯尼亚生态学家Paula Kahumbu说：“所有的大象都有很大的麻烦。”）和第二段“Populations of the three species have declined: savanna (热带草原) elephants forest elephants and the smaller-eared Asian elephants.”（这三种物种的数量已经下降：热带草原象、森林象和小耳朵亚洲象。）以及全文内容可知，本文主要描述了三种大象数量急剧下降、濒临灭绝的现状和原因。故选D。
11（2024上·四川成都·高二统考期末）There are some fascinating data about the world’s forests! About 30 percent of the earth’s land is covered in forests, and 300 million people call forests home. A further 1.6billion people rely on forests to survive.
Now, keeping these numbers in mind, consider this fact: the world loses over 32million acres of forest each year. When forests disappear, we not only miss out on all the ways they make us healthier, we also lose an essential resource. This is why preserving forests, and nature, is more important than ever. The key is to connect with nature, for example, forest bathing.
In the way that forest bathing requires, we start to experience and appreciate all its beauty and benefits, through involvement with nature by using all our senses. Many governments, businesses, and institutions have realized the importance of this and have created plans to deepen mutually beneficial relationships between people and nature. It’s not just wild forests that need attention, urban parks and forests are equally important. Despite losing trees to real estate (房地产) developments and road construction, many cities have found creative ways to introduce more trees and forests. In Paris, for example, a nineteenth century railway was turned into a park that stretches nearly three miles. There’s one more thing that’s essential to the protection of forests-helping children connect with nature. Not only is this good for their overall well-being, but studies show that children who spend time in nature become adults who understand the importance of protection. Around the world, many schools have started using parks and green spaces as classrooms. Measures like these will help ensure that future generations can also enjoy