人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters Discovering Useful Structures定语从句专题讲义

什么是定语从句、关系从句、形容词从句
This is a broken car.
This is a car that is broken.
He has got all the tools that we need.
Tom, who is very good man, will come to my party.
The world is a stage, on which every role will find a player.
什么是复句？
如果将一个句子改造成名词、形容词或副词类，放到另一句中使用，就称为从属从句，另一句则为主要从句。
名词从句：
I know something.
I am right.
I know that I am right.
形容词从句：
My father is a man.
He always keeps his words.
My father is a man who always keeps his word.
副词从句：
He works hard.
He is in need of money.
He works hard because he is in need of money.
形容词从句（关系从句）的关键？功能？
Overlap 交叉
For boyfriend, I am looking for a man.
He is tall, rich and well-educated.
For boyfriend, I am looking for a man, who is tall, rich and well-educated.
补充解释说明功能
指示功能
形容词从句（关系从句）的分类
第一种分类方式：按照关系词分类
关系代词：who, whom, which, whose, that, as
关系副词：when, where, why
She likes musicians who play different kinds of music.
The man whom you saw just now is my uncle.
Beijing, which is the capital of China, held 2008 Olympic Games successful.
He is a man whose opinions I respect.
He is not the man that he used to be.
Sunday is the only day when I can relax.
It is one of the few countries where people drive on the left.
The reason why you were late was still a mystery.
As we all know, you will be the winner.
第二种分类方式：按照从句与主句关系的紧密程度分类
限制性关系从句（关系紧密），没有逗号“，”
非限制性关系从句（关系松散），往往有逗号“，”
如何书写关系从句
书写关系从句的三个步骤：
两个句子要有交叉
把交叉点改写为关系词的拼法(wh-)，放置句首让它产生连接词的功能
将关系从句附于主要从句的交叉点后来修饰它(当形容词使用)
代名词 关系代名词
he (she, they) Who
him (her, them) Whom
it (they) Which
his (her, their, its) whose
副词 关系副词
then when
there where
for a reason why
关系代词的关系从句转化
who
The man is my uncle.
He was here just now.
_______________________________________
whom
This man is my uncle.
You saw him just now.
_______________________________________
which
The bus was the last one today.
The bus has just left.
_______________________________________
whose
The room is mine.
The window of the room faces south.
(The room’s window faces south.)
_______________________________________
关系副词的关系从句转化
1) when
I will never forget the time.
We visited Xi’an then.
_______________________________________
He was born in June.
His father died in June.
_______________________________________
2) where
I went back to the town.
My father was born there.
_______________________________________
This is the place.
We first met at that place.
_______________________________________
3) why
I have forgotten the reason.
I called you for a reason.
_______________________________________
This is the reason.
He was late for a reason.
_______________________________________
难点一，关系代词与关系副词的选择
关键在于关系从句中是否为完整的句子。若不是，则用关系代词；若是，则用关系副词。
难点二，that与which的使用
that偏向于指代供能，而which偏向于补充说明功能
只用that不用which的情况
有不定代词(something, anything, all…)
All ____ I want is peace and quiet.
有最高级
He is the cleverest man ____ever taught in our school.
有only, all, any, very等限定
Any boy ____ wants to succeed must work hard.
先行词为人和物
He talked about the man and the books ____ interested him.
先行词作表语
He is not the man ____ he used to be.
不可用that的情况
介词后不能用that，往往用which
限制性关系从句，因为关系松散，故无需指示，仅需要补充说明，所以不需要that
His speech, ____ bored everyone, went on and on.
They had a fine walk too, ____ had done his liver good.
(= they had a fine walk too, and it had done his liver good.)
关系代词的省略
关系代词在从句中做宾语或补语时，可以省略
Tom is not the boy I gave the tickets to.
The stranger I spoke of came again.
He is not the man he used to be.
关系代词在从句中做主语时，95%不可省略。
This is a book that interests a large number of people.
The bus which has just left was the last one today.
练习
选择关系代词填空
that which who whom whose
when where why
Are you the lady _____ asked for soup
Is there anything _____ I can do for you
The speech, _____ he had written on little bits of paper, seemed endless.
I will give you all _____ I have.
I know someone else _____ father works here.
I find a place _____ you can find wild strawberries.
Can you suggest a time _____ it will be convenient to meet
They have four children, all of ____ are now at school.
Newton was one of the greatest men _____ ever lived.
Ask Mr. Green, or any other person _____ is likely to know.
This is a question ____ people are interested in.
A bottle opener is a tool with ____ bottles are opened.
_____ you know, we can’t do without rules.
The malls of the future will be like small cities in _____ you can shop, eat and see a film and even dance.
I remember the morning _____ he first came to school.
The way _____ you answered the questions was admirable.
The way in _____ you answered the questions was admirable.
The reason _____ you told me _____ you stole my money is not real.
连接句子或拆分句子
You sent me a present.
Thank you very much for it.
She was dancing with a student.
He was a handsome boy.
I was sitting in a chair.
It suddenly collapsed.
The first of October, 1949, is the day.
The People’s Republic of China was founded then.
I’d like to live in a country.
There is plenty of sunshine in that country.
That’s the reason.
He missed his bus for a reason.
He has written a book.
The name of this book I have forgotten.
This is the one encyclopedia(百科全书) upon which I can depend.
Not long ago I wrote a letter to a friend, which almost got us into a quarrel(争吵).
I need some time when I can be with my sister.
Please tell me where you were last night.
The best museum in Taiwan is the Palace Museum, where you can see our national treasures.
The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.
The reason that you told me why you stole my money is not real.