中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题17 语法填空
短文填空是中考英语试卷最难题目之一，它的分值是10-15分，分为10个小题。短文填空一般在一篇200~250字左右的故事性短文中挖出10个空，要求学生通读短文，并根据上下文来补全短文，每空只能填一个单词。主要考九大词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词）。
该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学过的英语知识进行简单的书面交流，从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识，又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为了答好短文填空题目，我们要打好基础关。这个基础关既包括1600个单词，300多个短语以及一部分常用句型和习惯用语的意思和用法，也包括各种词的词形变化。
考向1短文填空之语法填空（与高考接轨，这是大多数省市采取的考题形式）
中考英语语法填空，不论是单句填空还是短文填空，主要有两种形式的空：用所给词（v、n、pron、adj、adv)的正确形式填空；无提示词填空（prep、conj、art)。说白了，中考就考四道题：
第一道题：动词变形题 是指括号中给出了一个动词，需要对该动词进行形式变化才能符合句子要求的设题类型。此类设题主要有两个角度，其中的一个角度就是考查动词的自身变化【动词的谓语形式(时、语态变化)及非谓语形式(动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词】；另一个角度是考查动词与名词、形容词、副词的相互变化【构词法知识】；
第二道题：名词或代词变形题 名词变形题指的是对所给名词进行自身变化（名词的单数变复数、名词变成名词所有格）或者相互变化（名词变形容词、名词变动词、名词变副词）【构词法知识】；代词变形题主要考查代词的格（主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词和反身代词的相互变化，甚至个别不定代词之间的变化：如：many 变成much, both变成neither， other变成others 或another, some变any, all 变none , few 变 little);
第三道题：形容词或副词变形题 形容词或副词变形题主要考查它们的自身变化（级的变化：原级、比较级、最高级）或者相互变化（形容词变副词、形容词变成动词、形容词变成名词、副词变成形容词）【构词法知识】；
第四道题：无提示词填空题 无提示填空题是一种在不给提示词的前提下，要求根据句意、句法或句子间逻辑关系而填空的设题。这里要填的主要是介词、连词、冠词、代词 it、关系代词/副词。由于不给提示词，实际上加大了解题的难度。解答此类题目（特别是要填的是连词）时，首先要从句意上去考虑，看看句意是否通顺连贯。然后从句子结构上去考虑，看看所填句子是简单句还是复合句，如果是复合句，就要考虑从句连接词的选择。最后从句子间的逻辑上考虑，选择适合句子间逻辑关系的词进行填充。比如因果关系要考虑so, because 等； 转折关系要考虑but, though; 并列关系要考虑and。如果是缺关系代词/关系副词，则要根据定语从句的句子成分来定夺。而要填的是介词时，一定要关注空格前的动词是不是vi,是vi 要考虑其搭配，更要考虑空格后的词/短语的含义，选择用合适的介词。冠词一般出现在名词或名词短语前，特别是单数可数名词前要考虑a/an。另外要注意习惯用法。
考向2 短文填空之选词填空
选词填空是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空，词序打乱，让学生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空。此类题型主要是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上，通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词，补全短文。
考向3 短文填空之首字母填空
首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
二、满分技巧
1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。
快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。
在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
考向4 短文填空之自由填空（难度较大，只有少数城市采用这种考题，广东省原来用这种考题，现在采用选词填空形式）
自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的，这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是一篇短文挖空8—10个单词，且没有任何提示，让考生根据短文内容自由填词，难度较大，主观性较强，有时可能出现多种答案。
满分技巧
1. 解题步骤：
（1）快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；
（2）上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；
（3）通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。
（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。
（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；
（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等；
（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what,which, who, how, when等）。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。
解题步骤
1.略读全文，掌握大意。
短文填空与完形填空一样，属于障碍性阅读，但它的难度比完形填空还要高，因为完形填空有四个备选答案，而短文填空没有提供备选答案，要求考生既能想得到答案，还要写得对单词。所以在解题时，先略读全文，对全文有个大概了解。
2.运用所学知识和技巧，逐项填空，先易后难。
在读完一遍之后，对短文内容有大概了解。然后运用所学的知识与技巧，根据文章的大意，逐个填空。易的先填，难的做标记后填。绝对不能留空。
3.核对答案。
全部题目完成后，再复读一遍，核查答案。（1）检查答案注意动词的时态、语态。（2）检查名词要注意单复数。（3）检查形容词和副词的三个级别。（4）检查习惯用语、固定搭配等是否符合习惯。（5）检查上下文的连贯性，以及所填词是否符合逻辑。
（2023·浙江杭州）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
Traffic School
Have you ever driven through a red traffic light Have you ever parked in the wrong place or driven ____1____ (fast) than the speed limit (限制) The answers are probably “yes”. Every year ____2____ (thousand) of drivers become “offenders”-they break the rules of the road. But ___3____ are the punishments for this offence
In most countries drivers have to pay a fine (罚款), ____4____ (usual) $100—$300. But in the USA, Australia and some ____5___ (Europe) countries offenders also get points on their driving license. After they get ___6___ certain number of points, they can’t drive.
Life is difficult when you can’t drive. So far some states in the USA ____7___ (introduce) a new way to avoid this-Traffic School. Offenders have a choice: They can get points on their license ___8____ they can do a course at Traffic School.
Traffic Schools run “driver improvement courses”. They cost about $100 and take from four ____9____ twelve hours. Most people do the course in a classroom, but in some states drivers can do the course online. Drivers learn the rules of the road and they learn how ___10____ (be) better drivers. They don’t have to take a driving test, but at the end of the course they have to pass a written examination.
【答案】1. faster 2. thousands 3. what 4. usually 5 European
6. a 7. have introduced 8. if 9. to 10. to be
【解析】本文主要介绍了人们在不同国家违反交通规则的处理方法。
1.句意：你是否曾把车停错地方或超速驾驶？根据“than”可知空处需用比较级。故填faster。
2.句意：每年都有成千上万的司机成为“违规者”——他们违反交通规则。空前无具体数字，需用thousands of“数以千计的”表示泛指。故填thousands。
3.句意：但是这种罪行的惩罚是什么呢？根据“are the punishments for this offence ”可知是询问处罚是什么。what表示“什么”。故填what。
4.句意：在大多数国家，司机必须支付罚款，通常是100到300美元。修饰动词，需用副词形式usually表示“通常”。故填usually。
5.句意：但在美国、澳大利亚和一些欧洲国家，违规者的驾驶执照也会被扣分。修饰名词“countries”，需用形容词作定语。European“欧洲的”。故填European。
6.句意：在他们得到一定数量的分数之后，他们就不能开车了。a certain number of表示“一定数量的……”。故填a。
7.句意：到目前为止，美国的一些州已经推出了一种新的方法来避免这种情况——交通学校。根据“So far”可知本句需用现在完成时(have/has done)，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have introduced。
8.句意：违法者有一个选择：如果他们能在交通学校学习课程，他们可以在驾照上获得分数。分析句子可知，前句是后句是肯定条件，需用if表示“如果”。故填if。
9.句意：它们花费大约100美元，需要4到12个小时。from...to...表示“从……到……”，固定短语。故填to。
10.句意：司机学习道路规则，他们学习如何成为更好的司机。how to do sth表示“如何做某事”。故填to be。
考向1短文填空之语法填空
Passage 1
（2023·浙江绍兴中考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
When Reshma Kosaraju was 12, her family ____1____ (move) from Chicago to Northern California. Soon after, the Camp Fire started. “It was one of ____2___ (big) fires in California history,” Reshma, now 17, told TIME for Kids. ____3____ her school was about 320 kilometers south of the fire, students still had to wear masks (面罩) because ____4____ the smoke. “It is an unusual experience for me, because I have never ____5____ (real) experienced this problem,” she said. So she hoped ____6____ (deal) with the problem. Later she created a ___7____ (use) way to predict forest fires with artificial intelligence (人工智能). Her method is nearly 90% right. “____8____ realized that if I could succeed, the results could make ____9____ big difference. For example, the environment can be helped and many ____10____ (life) can be saved,” Reshma said.
【答案】1. moved 2. the biggest 3. Though##Although 4. of 5. really 6. to deal
7 useful 8. I 9. a 10. lives
【解析】本文主要介绍Reshma Kosaraju发明人工智能预测森林火灾的方法。
1.句意：当Reshma Kosaraju 12岁时，她的家人从芝加哥搬到了北加州。根据“When Reshma Kosaraju was 12”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填moved。
2.句意：这是加州历史上最大的火灾之一。此处是“one of + the+最高级+名词复数”结构，故填the biggest。
3.句意：虽然她的学校在火灾以南约320公里处，但由于浓烟弥漫，学生们仍然不得不戴上口罩。分析“...her school was about 320 kilometers south of the fire, students still had to wear masks...”可知，前后构成让步关系，用though/although引导让步状语从句。故填Though/Although。
4.句意：虽然她的学校在火灾以南约320公里处，但由于浓烟弥漫，学生们仍然不得不戴上口罩。根据“students still had to wear masks (面罩) because...the smoke”可知，由于浓烟弥漫，学生们仍然不得不戴上口罩，because of“因为”符合语境，故填of。
5.句意：对我来说是一次不寻常的经历，因为我从来没有真正经历过这个问题。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词形式，故填really。
6.句意：所以她希望能解决这个问题。hope to do sth“希望做某事”，故填to deal。
7.句意：后来，她发明了一种用人工智能预测森林火灾的有用方法。此处在句中作定语修饰way，useful“有用的”符合语境，故填useful。
8.句意：我意识到，如果我能成功，结果会有很大的不同。此处在句中作主语，结合“...realized that if I could succeed”可知，应用I作主语。故填I。
9.句意：我意识到，如果我能成功，结果会有很大的不同。make a big difference“产生重大影响、有很大的不同”，固定短语。故填a。
10.句意：例如，环境可以得到改善，许多生命可以得到拯救。life“生命”，many修饰可数名词复数。故填lives。
Passage 2
（2023·江苏苏州市）
请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dancing with the Light
A few years ago, I visited the Classical Gardens of Suzhou. During the visit, my attention was drawn away from the plants, bridges and stones, towards ____1____ walls of the gardens. Mostly white, some parts of the walls are losing small ____2___ (piece) of their covering. This creates space in which light and plants can be ____3___ (see). The walls are not only the boundaries of the gardens, but they also form protected paths that guide you on a trip.
The memory of the white walls stayed with me. I kept ____4____ (imagine) how many shadows (影) could be collected by them to dance with the light. This fantastic moment was so lively ____5____ I came back to explore it with my camera.
Working ____6____ (free) with these walls and their marks, I began to feel like collecting all the stories that were painted there. Weather and time have turned these ____7____ (amaze) white walls into Chinese landscape paintings.
I ___8___ (take) the photos during the month of June, just after the rain. The air was full of small drops of water, showing the light and the color ____9____ the things around. As color was born out of a dance between light and a body, when photographing in color I found ___10___ (I) enjoying a moment of this dance.
【答案】1. the 2. pieces 3. seen 4. imagining 5. that 6. freely
7. amazing 8. took 9. of 10. myself
【解析】本文主要介绍了作者参观苏州古典园林的经历。
1.句意：在参观期间，我的注意力从植物、桥梁和石头上转移到了花园的墙壁上。根据“walls of the gardens.”可知此处是特指花园的墙壁，应用定冠词the，故填the。
2.句意：大部分墙壁是白色的，有些部分正在失去小块的覆盖物。piece“块”，可数名词，此处应用复数表示泛指，故填pieces。
3.句意：这创造了可以看到光线和植物的空间。see是动词，根据“can be”可知是含有情态动词can的被动语态can be done，故填seen。
4.句意：我一直在想象，它们能收集多少影子，与光共舞。keep doing sth“一直做某事”，为固定短语，故填imagining。
5.句意：这个奇妙的时刻是如此的生动，以至于我带着相机回来探索它。根据“so lively...I came back to explore it with my camera.”可知此处是so...that“如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从句，故填that。
6.句意：在这些墙壁和它们的标记上自由地工作，我开始想收集所有画在那里的故事。free是形容词，此处修饰动词应用副词freely，故填freely。
7.句意：天气和时间把这些令人惊叹的白墙变成了中国山水画。空后是名词，所以此处应用形容词amazing“令人惊奇的”修饰物，故填amazing。
8.句意：这些照片是我在六月雨后拍摄的。take是动词，根据语境和后句可知，本句是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填took。
9.句意：空气中充满了小水滴，显示出周围事物的光和颜色。根据“the color...the things around”可知是指周围事物的颜色，应用of所有格，表示“……的”，故填of。
10.句意：因为色彩是光与身体之间的舞蹈而产生的，所以当我拍摄彩色照片时，我发现自己在享受这种舞蹈的时刻。根据“I found...enjoying a moment of this dance.”可知主语是I，所以宾语应该用反身代词myself，故填myself。
Passage 3
（2023·湖北襄樊市）
读下面的短文，在短文空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式，使短文的意思完整，并将所填答案填写在答题卡相应题号的横线上。
Did ancient people plant trees They didn’t have a special day to plant trees like Tree Planting Day, ___1__ the tradition of planting trees has been there for a long time. Back then, it was always __2__ (rain) around the Qingming Festival in spring. The trees that were planted around this time had better conditions to grow than usual, so people formed the custom of planting trees around the Qingming Festival.
There were many kinds of trees. However, mulberry trees (桑树) and fruit trees were ___3___ (popular) of all. To feed the silkworms (蚕), more mulberry leaves __4___ (need). Silk came from the silkworms, and then was made into silk clothes and traded between the east and the west of the world. Among the ancient people who suggested __5___ (get) trees to offer food and clothes, there was a man whose name is well-known, Mencius (孟子).
Dong Feng, a famous doctor in the Three Kingdom Period (三国时期), saved many ___6__ (patient) lives for free. He only asked them to plant apricot trees (杏树) on a hill. Gradually, a forest of apricot trees grew on ___7___ hill. That’s why we now praise a doctor who has excellent skills with the words “warmth in an apricot forest.”
Each dynasty has different tree planting projects. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty __8___ (person) planted a ginkgo tree (银杏树) in a temple in Chang’an. 1,400 years later, the ginkgo tree is still growing. So far, the temple ___9__ (become) a popular place for tourists.
So, ____10____ Tree Planting Day next year, do you want to plant a tree with your wishes on it
【答案】1. but 2. rainy 3. the most popular 4. were needed 5. getting
6. patients’ 7. the 8. personally 9. has become 10. on
【解析】本文主要介绍了古代人的种树传统。
1.句意：他们没有像植树节这样的特殊植树日，但植树的传统已经存在很长时间了。前后两句是转折关系，用but连接。故填but。
2.句意：那时，春天的清明节前后总是下雨。作be动词的表语用形容词rainy“下雨的”。故填rainy。
3.句意：然而，桑树和果树是最受欢迎的。根据“of all”可知此处用最高级most popular，最高级前加定冠词the。故填the most popular。
4.句意：喂蚕需要更多的桑叶。主语more mulberry leaves和谓语need之间是被动关系，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是名词复数，be动词用were。故填were needed。
5.句意：在古代人们建议用树来提供食物和衣服的人中，有一个人的名字很有名，他就是孟子。suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”。故填getting。
6.句意：三国时期的名医董峰免费挽救了许多病人的生命。根据“many...lives”可知此处用名词复数的所有格patients’“病人的”修饰名词。故填patients’。
7.句意：渐渐地，山上长出了一片杏树林。此处特指前文提到的山，用定冠词the。故填the。
8.句意：唐太宗李世民亲自在长安的一座寺庙里种了一棵银杏树。此处修饰动词planted用副词personally“亲自”。故填personally。
9.句意：到目前为止，这座寺庙已成为游客的热门景点。根据“So far”可知句子用现在完成时，主语是the temple，助动词用has。故填has become。
10.句意：在明年的植树节，你想种一棵带着你愿望的树吗？空后是具体某一天，用介词on。故填on。
Passage 4
（2023·湖南长沙）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Do you know World Letter Writing Day It falls ____1____ September 1st every year. It was set up by Richard Simpkin in 2014. He encouraged people ____2____ (take) a break from today’s social media (媒体) and write a letter to someone by hand.
Who should you write to Think about a friend or relative that lives far away. A parent or best friend would also love to receive ____3___ (you) letter.
How do you write a letter ____4____ (general) speaking, a letter includes these parts. The date and a greeting (问候语) such as “Dear…” should be at the top of the letter. A closing such as “Love” or “Yours truly” needs to follow the body. End it by ____5____ (sign) it.
Why should you pick up a pen and write a letter It is a surprise that may make someone’s day. It’s ___6____ good way to show people that you have been thinking of them. Everyone loves a personal touch. It makes ____7____ (enjoy) memories (回忆). Some people save ___8____ (letter) and look at them over the years.
A recent study shows that letter writing ___9____ (make) the writer happy, too. “Handwriting is your DNA. It’s your fingerprint that only you can share with others,” said Richard Simpkin.
So, get some paper ____10____ pick up a pen. Start writing a letter today!
【答案】1. on 2. to take 3. your 4. Generally 5. signing
6. a 7. enjoyable 8 letters 9. makes 10. and
【解析】本文介绍世界写信日，应该写信给谁，应该怎么写信，写信有什么意义等。
1.句意：它是在每年的9月1日。“September 1st”是具体的时间，用介词on，故填on。
2.句意：他鼓励人们从今天的社交媒体中休息一下，手写一封信给别人。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”，故填to take。
3.句意：父母或最好的朋友也会很乐意收到你的信。此处在句中作定语修饰letter，用形容词性物主代词your。故填your。
4.句意：一般来说，一封信包括这些部分。generally “一般来说”，句首需大写首字母。故填Generally。
5.句意：通过签名来结束它。by是介词，其后加动名词作宾语。故填signing。
6.句意：这是一个很好的方式来告诉人们你一直在想着他们。此处泛指一个方法，good首字母发辅音音素，故填a。
7.句意：它带来愉快的回忆。此处作定语修饰memories，用形容词形式。故填enjoyable。
8.句意：有些人把信件保存起来，多年来一直看。根据“them”可知，此处应使用名词复数形式。故填letters。
9.句意：最近的一项研究表明，写信也会让写信人感到快乐。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是“letter writing”，动词用三单。故填makes。
10.句意：所以，拿起纸和笔。分析“get some paper...pick up a pen”可知，前后构成并列关系，用and连接。故填and。
Passage 5
（2024·深圳一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
How much do you know about Wushu Wushu, also known as martial arts, is one of the earliest ___36___ (sport) in China. It uses both body and brain. What’s more, Wushu is an outstanding example of ___37___ (tradition) Chinese culture. It can explain ___38___ Chinese people understand the world. Over its long history, Wushu ___39___ (develop) into a special unity of exercise, self-protection and art.
As a sport and ___40___ artistic form, Wushu wins great popularity in China. In Shenzhen, some schools have Wushu classes for kids. Every training ___41___ (require) students to take it seriously. Only by training hard can they build up ___42___ (they) bodies and meet the challenges in the future.
As a competitive sport with great fitness value, Wushu has spread ___43___ (wide) across the world. Bruce Lee helped make Wushu world-famous. Thanks to him, the word “kung fu” appeared in many foreign language dictionaries. Many Chinese have set up Wushu schools outside China, providing people ___44___ the chance to experience the fantastic sport. During the Hangzhou Asian Games in 2023, more people were able ___45___ (enjoy) the beauty of Wushu.
【答案】36. sports 37. traditional 38. how 39. has developed 40. an 41. requires
42. their 43. widely 44. with 45. to enjoy
【解析】本文主要介绍了中国武术。
36.句意：武术又称武术，是中国最早的体育项目之一。one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数“最……之一”。故填sports。
37.句意：更重要 的是，武术是中国传统文化的杰出代表。此处修饰名词短语Chinese culture，用形容词traditional“传统的”，作定语。故填traditional。
38.句意：它可以解释中国人是如何理解世界的。根据“Chinese people understand the world”可知，是指中国人如何理解世界，用how“如何”引导宾语从句。故填how。
39.句意：在它悠久的历史中，武术已经发展成为一种集锻炼、自我保护和艺术于一体的特殊统一体。根据“Over its long history”可知，时态为现在完成时have/has done，主语是三单，助动词用has。故填has developed。
40.句意：作为一种体育运动和艺术形式，武术在中国广受欢迎。根据“artistic form”可知，表示泛指一种艺术形式，artistic是以元音音素开头的单词，不定冠词用an。故填an。
41.句意：每项训练都要求学生认真对待。本文主体时态是一般现在时，根据“Every training”可知，谓语动词用三单requires。故填requires。
42.句意：只有通过刻苦训练，他们才能强身健体，迎接未来的挑战。根据“bodies”可知，此处用形容词性物主代词their，修饰名词。故填their。
43.句意：武术作为一项极具健身价值的竞技体育项目，在世界范围内广泛传播。此处修饰动词has spread，用副词形式。故填widely。
44.句意：许多中国人在国外开办武术学校，为人们提供体验这项奇妙运动的机会。provide sb with sth“提供某人某物”。故填with。
45.句意：2023年杭州亚运会期间，更多的人能够欣赏到武术之美。be able to do sth“能够做某事”。故填to enjoy。
Passage 6
（2023·山东滨州）
阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词成情态动词。
An idol is someone who we respect or love. However, unlike many of my classmates, my idol is not a film star, a famous writer or a sportsman, my idol is my dad.
Most people believe that a man ____51____ (go) out and work. However, when I was only a five-year-old boy, I was ____52____ (serious) ill and needed attention all the time. My dad knew how much my mum loved her job, so he stopped ____53____ (work) to stay at home and look after me. Many men in this situation would want their ____54____ (wife) to stay with the child, but my dad always thinks about ____55____ (other) before himself. This made me start to respect him.
My dad later took a job and worked at night. He chose the job so that he would only be out of the house when I was sleeping. Since then, my dad ____56____ (help) and supported me in everything I do. I remember when I was learning to ride a bike, my dad ran behind me and held the back of the bicycle so that I would not fall. I ____57____ (feel) so safe because I knew he was near. Soon, I was able to ride by ____58____ (I).
My family is not rich, and we do not own a big house or an expensive car. My dad has shown me that something is ____59____ (important) than money. Although he now works hard every day and is often very busy, he always makes time _____60_____ (stay) with me. He helps me with my homework, and plays games with me on weekends. He has also taught me that I can achieve anything if I really work hard on it.
My dad is my idol because he showed me the most important things in life.
【答案】51. should go 52. seriously 53. working 54. wives 55. others 56. has helped
57. felt 58. myself 59. more important 60. to stay
【解析】本文主要介绍了作者的父亲是自己的偶像，并介绍了父亲为作者所做的事情。
51.句意：大多数人认为男人应该出去工作。根据“Most people believe that a man...out”可知大部分认为男人应该出去工作，应该：should，情态动词后加动词原形。故填should go。
52.句意：然而，当我还是一个五岁的男孩时，我病得很重，一直需要照顾。修饰形容词ill用副词seriously“严重地”。故填seriously。
53.句意：所以他停止了工作，留在家里照顾我。work“工作”，根据“to stay at home and look after me”可知他停止了工作，留在家照顾我，stop doing sth.“停止做某事”。故填working。
54.句意：很多处于这种情况的男人都希望他们的妻子留在孩子身边，但我爸爸总是先考虑别人，然后再考虑自己。根据“Many men”可知此处用名词复数wives“妻子”。故填wives。
55.句意：很多处于这种情况的男人都希望他们的妻子留在孩子身边，但我爸爸总是先考虑别人，然后再考虑自己。根据“thinks about...”可知是考虑其他人，others“其他人”。故填others。
56.句意：从那以后，我爸爸在我做的每件事上都帮助和支持我。help“帮助”，根据“Since then”可知句子用现在完成时，主语是my dad，助动词用has。故填has helped。
57.句意：我感到很安全，因为我知道他就在附近。根据“I knew...”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式felt“感觉”。故填felt。
58.句意：很快，我就可以自己骑车了。根据“I was able to ride by...”可知是会自己骑车，用反身代词myself“我自己”。故填myself。
59.句意：我爸爸告诉我，有些东西比金钱更重要。根据“than”可知此处用比较级more important“更重要”。故填more important。
60.句意：但他总是抽出时间和我在一起。stay“待”，分析句子可知，“makes time”的目的是“stay with me”，作目的状语用动词不定式。故填to stay。
Passage 7
（2023·浙江宁波）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
One day at school, something strange caught Ann’s attention. Lily ____51____ (quick) put a bag in her own desk, making Ann feel unusual. Later, she saw Lily secretly give something ____52____ Cindy under the desk. It seemed that they decided ____53____ (do) something without her. Ann thought, “How can my best friend plan something without inviting me ” Even though they were still ____54____ (friend) to her, she was a little upset.
On the bus ride home, Ann avoided ____55____ (sit) next to Lily on purpose. She noticed Lily giving an envelope to someone else, which made her even more upset.
Later that evening, there was ____56____ knock on Ann’s door. There stood Cindy from next door, inviting her to Lily’s party. ____57____ first, Ann didn’t want to go and said no to her, explaining that they were no ____58____ (long) friends. But Cindy kept asking Ann to come along.
When they arrived at Lily’s house, everyone shouted, “Surprise!” Ann hardly ____59____ (believe) that. Lily smiled and said, “Tomorrow is your birthday!” Ann was ____60____ moved that tears filled her eyes. She said thanks and hugged Lily.
【答案】51. quickly 52. to 53. to do 54. friendly 55. sitting 56. a 57. At
58. longer 59. believed 60. so
【解析】本文主要讲述了安的朋友们为她筹划生日派对，给她一个惊喜的故事。
51.句意：莉莉迅速地在自己的书桌里放了一个包，让安感到不寻常。此空修饰动词put，应填副词quickly“快速地”，故填quickly。
52.句意：后来，她看到莉莉在桌子底下偷偷给辛迪一些东西。give sth to sb“给某人某物”，动词短语，故填to。
53.句意：似乎她们决定做些什么瞒着她。decide to do sth“决定做某事”，此空应填动词不定式，故填to do。
54.句意：尽管他们对她仍然很友好，她还是有点心烦意乱。be friendly to sb“对某人友好”，形容词短语，故填friendly。
55.句意：在回家的公共汽车上，安故意避免坐在莉莉旁边。avoid doing sth“避免做某事”，动名词作宾语，故填sitting。
56.句意：那天晚上晚些时候，有人敲安的门。此处表示有人敲门，knock是以辅音音素开头的，故填a。
57.句意：起初，安不想去，还拒绝了她，解释说他们不再是朋友了。at first“起初”，固定搭配，故填At。
58.句意：起初，安不想去，还拒绝了她，解释说他们不再是朋友了。no longer“不再”，固定搭配，故填longer。
59.句意：安几乎不相信。整段用的是一般过去时，此空应填过去式，故填believed。
60.句意：安感动得热泪盈眶。so…that“如此……以致于”，引导结果状语从句，故填so。
Passage 8
（2023·长沙期末统考）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the earth facing so much pollution, most countries and regions in the world are taking action ___36___ (fight) against pollution. Here are some of the measures they have already taken.
New Energy Vehicle
France has decided to stop ___37___ (sell) any car that uses petrol (汽油) and diesel (柴油) fuel by 2040 in order to reduce air pollution and save energy as well. Poor families ___38___ are willing to replace older and more polluting cars with ___39___ (clean) ones will receive some money from the government. Norway, which is the leader in the use of electric cars in Europe, ___40___ (want) to move to electric-only vehicles by 2025, as does the Netherlands.
Great green wall
According to a study by NASA, China and India are the main reasons for ___41___ (make) the Earth greener over the past twenty years. In 1978, China began a project which is known as the “Great Green Wall”. So far, the program ___42___ (plant) many trees in 13 provinces and autonomous regions such as Tibet and Inner Mongolia in northern China. Because of China’s success in ___43___ (deal) with desertification (沙漠化), the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) believes the country is a good example for others to follow. China is one of ___44___ (successful) countries in greening the desert and has lessons to share with the world.
Be straw free
Every day, Americans throw away 500 million plastic straws, enough to circle the Earth twice, or fill 125 school buses. Be Straw Free was started in America in 2011. California recently became ____45____ (one) state (州) to stop using plastic straws in restaurants. Corporations like Starbucks, Aramark, and American Airlines are also making an effort to stop offering plastic straws.
【答案】36. to fight 37. selling 38. which##that 39. cleaner 40. wants 41. making
42. has planted 43. dealing 44. the most successful 45. the first
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了法国、中国、美国采取的对抗污染的措施。
36.句意：随着地球面临如此多的污染，世界上大多数国家和地区都在采取行动对抗污染。此处表示目的用不定式，故填to fight。
37.句意：为了减少空气污染和节约能源，法国决定到2040年停止销售任何使用汽油和柴油的汽车。stop doing“停止做某事”，动名词作宾语，故填selling。
38.句意：愿意用更清洁的汽车取代旧的、更污染的汽车的贫困家庭将从政府那里得到一些钱。分析句子可知“are willing to replace older and more polluting cars with ...ones”是定语从句，此空是关系代词，先行词families是物，故用which或that指代families，故填which/that。
39.句意：愿意用更清洁的汽车取代旧的、更污染的汽车的贫困家庭将从政府那里得到一些钱。根据“replace older and more polluting cars with ... (clean) ones”可知，用更清洁的汽车取代旧的更污染的汽车，此处用比较级，故填cleaner。
40.句意：挪威是欧洲使用电动汽车的领头羊，它希望到2025年实现纯电动汽车，荷兰也是如此。分析句子可知“which is the leader in the use of electric cars in Europe”是定语从句，主语主语是Norway，此空是主句谓语动词，句子是一般现在时，且主语是三单，谓语动词用三单形式，故填wants。
41.句意：根据美国国家航空航天局的一项研究，中国和印度是过去20年来使地球变得更加绿色的主要原因。for是介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填making。
42.句意：到目前为止，该项目已经在中国北部的西藏和内蒙古等13个省和自治区种植了许多树木。由so far可知句子是现在完成时have/has done，主语the program是三单，助动词用has，plant的过去分词是planted，故填has planted。
43.句意：由于中国在治理荒漠化方面取得了成功，联合国环境规划署(UNEP)认为中国是其他国家效仿的好榜样。succeed in doing“成功做某事”，故填dealing。
44.句意：中国是沙漠绿化最成功的国家之一，有很多经验可以与世界分享。one of+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……的……之一”，successful的最高级是the most successful，故填the most successful。
45.句意：加利福尼亚最近成为第一个在餐馆停止使用塑料吸管的州。根据“California recently became ... state (州) to stop using plastic straws in restaurants.”可知，加利福尼亚第一个禁止在餐馆使用塑料吸管，one的序数词是first，故填the first。
Passage 9
（2023·山东济南）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last March I lost my camera while I was on a school trip. I left it on the bus on the way back to ____41____ (we) school. I called the bus company the next day ____42____ (check) if they could find it, but it wasn’t there. My parents got really angry and told me they couldn’t buy me a new one.
I ____43____ (know) they were right, so I decided I would get one by myself. I started thinking of ways to make and save money. My parents ____44____ (usual) give me 8 every week, so the first thing I did was to keep the money ____45____ the small box on the bookcase.
I also offered to help my uncle Alan. He’s often away for work, but he can’t ____46____ (take) his dog with him. I started to look after his dog when he wasn’t at home. After some time, my uncle’s neighbors saw me. They asked me if I could help with their cats, dogs and rabbits, too. So, I started working for three ____47____ (family) living across the street.
In less than three months I had enough money to buy a new camera. It was the same as the one I had lost, but to me it was much ____48____ (nice). I paid for it with ____49____ money I made and it felt very different. This experience teaches me what it means to work hard and I ____50____ (learn) that you must be careful with the things you have, because they take a lot of hard work.
【答案】41. our 42. to check 43. knew 44. usually 45. in 46. take
47. families 48. nicer 49. the 50. have learned##have learnt##learn
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述自己赚钱购买新相机的经历。
41.句意：我把它落在回学校的公交车上了。此处作定语修饰“school”，所以用形容词性物主代词，故填our。
42.句意：第二天，我打电话给公共汽车公司，问他们是否能找到它，但它不在那里。此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式形式，故填to check。
43.句意：我知道他们是对的，所以我决定自己买一个。本句时态是一般过去时，所以动词用过去式。故填knew。
44.句意：我的父母通常每周给我8英镑，所以我做的第一件事就是把钱放在书架上的小盒子里。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词usually，故填usually。
45.句意：我的父母通常每周给我8英镑，所以我做的第一件事就是把钱放在书架上的小盒子里。in the box“在盒子里”，故填in。
46.句意：他经常出差，但他不能带着他的狗。情态动词“can’t”后用动词原形，故填take。
47.句意：于是，我开始为住在街对面的三户人家打工。three修饰可数名词复数，故填families。
48.句意：它和我失去的那个一模一样，但对我来说要好得多。much修饰比较级，强调比较含义，故填nicer。
49.句意：我用自己赚的钱买了它，感觉很不一样。此处特指自己赚的钱，故填the。
50.句意：这段经历教会了我努力工作的意义，我学会了你必须小心对待你拥有的东西，因为它们需要付出很多努力。根据“This experience teaches me what it means to work hard and I...that you must be careful with the things you have”可知，本句可用现在完成时强调动作已经发生，或用一般现在时强调现在，主语是I，助动词是have，动词用原形。故填have learned/have learnt/learn。
Passage 10
（2023·深圳中学校联考一模）
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。
We all heard the story of Nvwa patching up (修补) the sky with melted coloured stones. Many years passed and troubles broke out again. One of them ___21___ (be) a big flood. It appeared in the Yellow River during the rule of Emperor Yao, and the people ___22___ (force) to give up their villages and go to live in trees or mountains. The flood brought great damage to the ___23___ (people) life. Emperor Yao felt sorry for the suffering of the people, so he asked Gun to solve the problem. Receiving the order, Gun led his team to build dikes (堤坝) to keep back the water ___24___ failed. Then Shun, the next emperor, ordered Gun’s son Yu to continue with the work after Gun died.
Yu accepted the work and found that it was much ___25___ (difficult) than he had thought. But he fought against the great flood bravely. For thirteen years, he put ___26___ (he) to his work. He passed his house three times but he did not enter it. Drawing a lesson from his father’s failure, he used methods of channeling and dredging (挖道和疏浚) and controlled the great flood ___27___ (success). He did so much ___28___ the people that they called him “Yu the Great” and Emperor Shun chose him as the next emperor.
Yu won the trust of his emperor and the people with his great effort. He was such ___29___ wise, strong-minded and great person that he is worth _____30_____ (learn) from. We will remember him forever.
21. was 22. were forced 23. people’s 24. but 25. more difficult 26. himself 27. successfully 28. for 29. a 30. learning
【导语】本文主要介绍了大禹治水的故事。
21. 句意：其中一次是大洪水。根据“Many years passed and troubles broke out again.”可知，此处的时态为一般过去时，主语 One of them 是单数，因此be动词用was。故填was。
22. 句意：它出现在黄帝统治时期的黄河中，人们被迫放弃村庄，去树上或山上生活。主语the people与动词force之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态；这里讲述过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，主语the people是复数，因此be动词用were，force的过去分词为forced。故填were forced。
23. 句意：洪水给人民的生活带来了巨大的破坏。这里修饰名词life，应该用名词所有格形式，people的名词所有格为people’s。故填people’s。
24. 句意：接到命令后，鲧带领他的团队建造堤坝以阻挡洪水，但没有成功。根据“failed”可知，这里表示转折，因此用but。故填but。
25. 句意：禹接受了这项工作，发现这比他想象的要困难得多。根据“than”可知，这里用difficult的比较级more difficult。故填more difficult。
26. 句意：十三年来，他全身心地投入到工作中。根据“he put…to his work.”可知，这里指他全身心地投入到工作中，需用反身代词himself。故填himself。
27. 句意：他从父亲的失败中吸取了教训，采用了通渠疏浚的方法，成功地控制了大洪水。修饰动词controlled，需用副词修饰，success的副词为successfully。故填successfully。
28. 句意：他为人民做了很多事情，人们称他为“禹大帝”，顺帝选择他为下一任皇帝。根据“He did so much…the people”可知，这里指他为人民做了很多事情，用介词for。故填for。
29. 句意：他是一个如此明智、意志坚定和伟大的人，值得向他学习。根据“person”可知，这里表示泛指，wise是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此用a修饰。故填a。
30. 句意：他是一个如此明智、意志坚定和伟大的人，值得向他学习。根据“he is worth…from.”可知，这里是be worth doing sth.意为“值得做某事”，需用learn的动名词learning。故填learning。
Passage 11
（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。
In ancient China, when friends or relatives were separating, they would pick a willow twig (柳条) and give it to the person who was leaving. This was to express ____31____ (they) wish for him to stay. In Chinese, the word for “willow” is pronounced the same ____32____ the word for “stay.”
Many Chinese poets liked writing about willows in their works. One of ____33____ (famous) poems is A Farewell Song (《送元二使安西》) by Wang Wei. It reads,
No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain,
The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green.
I invite you ____34____ (drink) a cup of wine again,
West of the Sunny Pass no more ____35____ (friend) will be seen.
Nowadays, willow twigs can also be seen in modern art. There was an amazing performance about willow twigs. 365 people ____36____ (hold) willow twigs in their hands on the green stage. At the same time, ____37____ ancient painting of weeping willows (垂柳) appeared on the LED screen. The setting of 365 people stood for 365 days, and the colour green meant the return of spring. The performance ____38____ (praise) highly by the audience. “I was ____39____ (deep) attracted by traditional Chinese culture,” one of them said.
In short, giving a willow twig to a person is not saying goodbye ____40____ asking him to stay. This is the beauty of Chinese culture.
31. their 32. as 33. the most famous 34. to drink 35. friends 36. held##were holding 37. an 38. was praised 39. deeply 40. but
【导语】本文主要介绍了“柳”在古今中所代表的意义。
31. 句意：这是表达他们希望他留下来的愿望。此空修饰名词wish，应填形容词性物主代词，故填their。
32. 句意：在汉语中，“柳”的发音与“留”的发音相同。the same as“与……相同”，固定搭配，故填as。
33. 句意：其中最著名的一首诗是王维的《送元二使安西》。one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词，表示“最……之一”，故填the most famous。
34. 句意：我请你再喝一杯酒。invite sb to do sth“邀请某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾补，故填to drink。
35. 句意：西出阳关无故人。friend“朋友”，此空应填复数名词，故填friends。
36. 句意：绿色的舞台上，365位观众手拿柳枝。此句是描述过去的事情，可以用一般过去时，也可以用过去进行时，主语是复数形式，助动词用were，故填held/were holding。
37. 句意：与此同时，一幅古老的垂柳画出现在LED屏幕上。此处表示“一幅古老的垂柳画”，表泛指，且ancient是以元音音素开头，故填an。
38. 句意：这场表演受到观众的高度赞扬。根据“by the audience”可知，此处用被动语态，且描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，主语是单数形式，be动词用was，故填was praised。
39. 句意：我被中国传统文化深深吸引了。此空修饰动词attracted，应填副词deeply，故填deeply。
40. 句意：总之，给一个人一根柳条不是告别，而是请他留下。“not saying goodbye”与“asking him to stay”是转折关系，故填but。
Passage 12
（2023·广东深圳·校考模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Have you ever seen the film Forrest Gump(《阿甘正传》) There’s ____41____ famous saying in it, “Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you’re gonna get.” The surprise is part of the fun. It is not only from the chocolates you find in the box but also the process (过程) of ____42____ (open) the box. Now blind box toys have become very popular since they ____43____ (introduce) to China. Blind box toys are hidden inside the same packaging (包装). So the buyers don’t know what is in the boxes until they open ____44____ (they). The most popular toys in the blind boxes are cute characters ____45____ come from pop movies, comics and cartoons. There ____46____ (be) a few special ones in many common boxes. “Maybe the next one is a gold toy. My wish is ____47____ (open) another box!” said one buyer. As a result, people will open more blind boxes and hope for a better result.
Besides expecting good results, people also enjoy the surprise and uncertain mysteries. “Opening a blind box like opening a birthday gift is an enjoyable surprise for our simple daily lives said a 24-year-old girl. ____48____ I open these simple little boxes, I feel disappointed (失望的) at one, but I feel ____49____ (excite) at another.” A fear of the unknown is always a part of the box-opening process, and _____50_____ (wait) for the uncertainty is another part of the fun.
41. a 42. opening 43. were introduced 44. them 45. which##that 46. are 47. to open 48. When 49. excited 50. waiting
【导语】本文通过《阿甘正传》中的一句话来告诉我们现在盲盒越来越受人们的欢迎。
41. 句意：这里面有一句名言：“生活就像一盒巧克力。你永远不知道你会得到什么。”根据“...famous saying”可知，这里泛指“一句名言”，famous以辅音音素开头，因此前面填a，故填a。
42. 句意：它不仅来自你在盒子里找到的巧克力，还来自打开盒子的过程。题空前“of”是介词，后跟动名词，故填opening。
43. 句意：现在盲盒玩具自从传入中国后变得非常受欢迎。本句主语“they”和谓语“introduce”是被动关系，本句是现在时，因此这里是一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，因此be动词是were，introduce的过去分词是introduced，故填were introduced。
44. 句意：所以买家在打开盒子之前不知道盒子里装的是什么。根据“what is in the boxes until they open...”可知，这里表示当买家打开“它们”之前，并不知道盒子里都是什么，动词后跟代词宾格，故填them。
45. 句意：盲盒中最受欢迎的玩具是来自流行电影、漫画和卡通的可爱角色。根据“The most popular toys in the blind boxes are cute characters...come from pop movies, comics and cartoons.”可知，本句是定语从句，先行词“cute characters”是物，且从句缺少主语，因此填关系代词which或that，故填which/that。
46. 句意：在许多常见的盒子里有一些特殊的盒子。本句是“There be”句型，遵循“就近原则”，“a few special ones”是复数，因此be动词填are，故填are。
47. 句意：我的愿望是再打开一个盒子！本句是不定式作表语，故填to open。
48. 句意：当我打开这些简单的小盒子时，我对一个感到失望，但对另一个感到兴奋。根据“...I open these simple little boxes, I feel disappointed (失望的) at one”可知，本句是when引导的时间状语从句，表示“当……时”，在句首首字母大写，故填When。
49. 句意：当我打开这些简单的小盒子时，我对一个感到失望，但对另一个感到兴奋。根据“I”可知，这里修饰人，故填excited。
50. 句意：对未知的恐惧总是开箱过程的一部分，而等待不确定性也是乐趣的一部分。根据“...for the uncertainty is another part of the fun.”可知，题空处缺少主语，这里是动名词短语作主语，故填waiting。
Passage 13
阅读下面短文，在空格处填一个适当的词或者使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡规定位置上。
If you were in Xi’an on April 8, you might feel like you were back in ancient China. The catwalk shows and traditional music concerts ____51____ (hold) by people wearing traditional Chinese clothing. Hanfu fans from over China got together there to take pictures and post them online for a Hanfu photo competition. It was so popular ____52____ everyone had a wonderful time. It is the first Chinese Hanfu Day, ____53____ lasted until May 8.
China Hanfu Day is on the third day of the third month of the Chinese lunar calendar, and this day is said to be the birthday of the Yellow Emperor. In ancient China, this day was also known ____54____ Shanghai Festival. Its purpose is to encourage young Chinese to take ____55____ (proud) in traditional clothing, as well as Chinese culture.
Hanfu is the traditional clothing of the Han people who lived in China before the Qing Dynasty. It has a history of about 3,000 years and it ____56____ (change) greatly so far. But some of its main characteristic(特点) remain. For example, the main characteristic of Hanfu is that it usually uses ribbons(系带) instead of buttons. Hanfu brings us back to the ancient fashion. ____57____ we don’t know the number of people who wear Hanfu today, we can find Hanfu clubs in almost every city.
China is becoming ____58____ leading country in the world, and the Chinese public feels ____59____ (confident) about its traditional culture than ever before. Wearing traditional clothing might be an interesting was of showing ____60____ they feel about this.
51. were held 52. that 53. which 54. as 55. pride 56. has changed 57. Although##Though 58. a 59. confident 60. how
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了穿汉服能够让人们对传统文化感到自信。
51. 句意：时装秀和传统音乐会由穿着中国传统服装的人举行。根据本句主语和“by people”可知，此处使用被动语态，时态为一般过去时，结构was/were done。主语为名词复数。故填were held。
52. 句意：它如此受欢迎，以致于每个人都玩得很开心。so…that“如此……以致于”，为结果状语从句。故填that。
53. 句意：这是中国第一个汉服日，一直持续到5月8日。此处为非限制性定语从句，使用which引导，指代汉服日，作从句主语。故填which。
54. 句意：在中国古代，这一天也被称为上海节。be known as“被称为”。故填as。
55. 句意：其目的是鼓励年轻的中国人对传统服装和中国文化感到自豪。take pride in“以……自豪”。故填pride。
56. 句意：它有大约3000年的历史，到目前为止已经发生了巨大的变化。根据“so far”可知，此处使用现在完成时（have/has done），主语为it，使用助动词has。故填has changed。
57. 句意：虽然我们不知道今天穿汉服的人数，但几乎每个城市都有汉服俱乐部。根据空后的主从句可知，此处为让步关系，使用Although/Though引导让步状语从句。故填Although/Though。
58. 句意：中国正在成为世界领先的国家，中国公众比以往任何时候都对其传统文化充满信心。此处表泛指，一个世界领先的国家，leading以辅音音素开头，使用冠词a。故填a。
59. 句意：中国正在成为世界领先的国家，中国公众比以往任何时候都对其传统文化充满信心。根据“feels”可知，feel为系动词，后跟形容词，此处指充满信心。故填confident。
60. 句意：穿传统服装可能是一种有趣的方式来展示他们对此的感受。根据“they feel about this”可知，此处使用how引导宾语从句，how“怎样；如何”。故填how。
Passage 14
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
The sweetest memory of my childhood is about a round table. When I was still little, my whole family would get together on different traditional ___61___ (festival) to have dinner.
When I got a bit older, my aunt brought back her boyfriend and my grandma cheerfully ___62___ (add) another seat to the round table. It seemed a little more crowded, but we all felt much ___63___ (close) to each other. When I was in my twenties, my grandpa passed away. That made ___64___ (we) feel sad. However, when the whole family got together once again, we ___65___ (total) agreed that his chair, his bowl and his chopsticks should remain the same. Even though his seat was empty, we ___66___(feel) as if he had never left us.
We all have a table like this in our homes. It is ___67___ sign of reunion of our family, ___68___ (show) our feelings. ___69___ the reasons why we come together may be different, the feelings behind it are the same. Usually different cultures ____70____ (accept) by us around the table. What’s more, we express the love not only for our family, but also for a community, our nation and even the whole world.
61. festivals 62. added 63. closer 64. us 65. totally 66. felt 67. a 68. showing 69. Although##Though 70. are accepted
【导语】本文讲述了作者小时候，一家人总会在传统节日围坐在圆桌前一起吃团圆饭。爷爷去世后，家人仍保留了他的碗铁和座位，以此来怀念他。圆桌是家人团聚的标志，也是中国人情感的体现。
61. 句意：当我还小的时候，我的家人会在不同的传统节日聚在一起吃晚餐。根据“different traditional”可知，此处使用名词复数形式。故填festivals。
62. 句意：当我长大一点的时候，阿姨把她的男朋友带回来了，我奶奶高兴地在圆桌上又添了一个座位。根据“my aunt brought back her boyfriend”可知，此处使用动词过去式。故填added。
63. 句意：看起来有点拥挤，但我们都觉得彼此更亲近了。根据“a little more crowded”可知，此处指更亲近了，使用形容词比较级，much可以修饰形容词比较级。故填closer。
64. 句意：这让我们感到悲伤。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，此处使用人称代词宾格。故填us。
65. 句意：然而，当全家人再次聚在一起时，我们完全同意他的椅子、碗和筷子应该保持不变。根据“agreed”可知，此处使用副词修饰实义动词。故填totally。
66. 句意：尽管他的座位是空的，但我们觉得他好像从未离开过我们。根据“Even though his seat was empty”可知，此处使用动词过去式。故填felt。
67. 句意：这是我们家人团聚的标志，表达了我们的感情。根据“It is…sign of reunion of our family”可知，此处指团聚的标志，表泛指，sign以辅音音素开头，使用冠词a。故填a。
68. 句意：这是我们家人团聚的标志，表达了我们的感情。根据“It is…sign of reunion of our family, …(show) our feelings.”可知，此处使用现在分词作状语。故填showing。
69. 句意：虽然我们聚在一起的原因可能不同，但这背后的情感是一样的。根据“ …the reasons why we come together may be different, the feelings behind it are the same.”可知，此处使用Although/Though引导让步状语从句。故填Although/Though。
70. 句意：通常，不同的文化被我们所接受。根据“different cultures”可知，主语和动词accept之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，时态为一般现在时，主语为名词复数，使用be动词are。故填are accepted。
Passage 15（原创）
塞下曲
(王昌龄)
饮马渡秋水，水寒风似刀。
平沙日未没，黯黯见临洮。
昔日长城战，咸言意气高。
黄尘足今古，白骨乱蓬蒿。
Song of the Frontier (II)
(Wang Changling)
We water horses and cross autumn streams,
Like a sword on water blows the wind cold.
On sandy plain the sun sheds parting beams,
In the gloom looms the city wall of old.
By the Great Wall we fought wars in the land;
Our warriors’ fighting spirit was at its height.
History is buried in the yellow sand;
Among the weeds are scattered the bones white.
(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)
Wang Changling was a well-known poet from the Tang Dynasty in ancient China, which was a time when art and literature flourished. He 1.___________(live) from 698 to 756 AD and wrote many poems about the2. _______(life) of soldiers and the struggles of war.
In his poem “Song of the Frontier (II),” Wang Changling talks about soldiers during autumn, when they water their horses and feel the cold wind. The wind 3.__________(describe) as sharp as a knife, which shows how hard the conditions are for the soldiers. He also talks about the fading sun and the old city walls, which creates a kind of sad and fading atmosphere.
The poem reflects on past battles and the bravery of the soldiers 4.__________were once full of fighting spirit. But now, all that’s left is the dust of history and the bones of the fallen soldiers scattered among the weeds. The whiteness of the bones shows that they have been there 5.__________ a long time, forgotten by history.
He uses imagery, which means he creates pictures in 6_____________(we) minds with his words. He shows us the cold wind, the old walls, and the bones in the sand. All of this helps us feel the sad mood of the poem.
The poem’s main idea is about 7____________( remember) the past. Wang Changling seems to be sad that the soldiers who were once full of 8___________(energetic) and fought hard are now forgotten, their bones lying with the land. He wants us 9___________(remember) these soldiers and think about how 10___________ (brave) they fought. It’s a way of showing respect for them and thinking about history.
【答案】1.lived 2.lives 3.is described 4.who/that 5.for 6.our 7.remembering 8.energy 9.to remember
10.bravely
Passage 16（原创）
Life is full of farewells (告别). That’s perhaps why this theme has been written about by poets around the world. It’s sad to say goodbye to our friends and family members. Instead of simply expressing sadness, many poets see farewells from a positive perspective (乐观的视角). Let’s see.
送元二使安西
唐·王维
渭城朝雨浥轻尘，
客舍青青柳色新。
劝君更尽一杯酒，
西出阳关无故人。
A Farewell Song
Wang Wei
No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain;
The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green.
I invite you to drink a cup of wine again;
West of the sunny pass no more friends will be seen.
(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)
“A Farewell Song” is a famous poem by Wang Wei, a well-known poet from China’s Tang Dynasty. He is famous ____1____（介词） his deep and touching _____2______(describe) of nature and emotions.
Wang Wei was not just a poet, but also an artist and a government official. He _____3____(like) to make his poems peaceful and make readers _____4____(think )about themselves. His poems often show how people and nature can live together______5____ peacefully.
Looking at the style of writing, the poet uses simple language ____6____(关系代词) is filled with emotion. The line, “No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain,” creates a peaceful image of a quiet morning, which is like a peaceful moment before something big happens. “The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green”, adds to the peaceful and hopeful feeling by ____7______(paint) a picture of fresh, new spring. The willow branches (柳树) _____8______(consider) as a typical symbol of farewell in China. In ancient times, Chinese people often used them as a parting (分别的) gift between friends and family.
“I invite you to drink a cup of wine again” is the poet’s warm and real way of not wanting to say goodbye to his friend. Having another drink together is like a symbol of ___9_______ (they) goodbye. Lastly, "West of the sunny pass no more friends will be seen” shows the feeling of being alone and missing someone. Also shows his sincere (真诚的) love and care for his friend.
In general, this poem creates a feeling of quiet ____10______(sad). It mixes beautiful pictures and human feelings to deeply express the universal experience of saying goodbye.
【答案】1. for 2. descriptions 3. liked 4. think 5. peacefully. 6.that/which 7. painting 8. are considered 9. their 10.sadness
Passage 17
（2023·山东潍坊）阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。
“I suddenly understood,” Valeria said, “why Mario wanted to buy the farm. He and Pagani were busy ____26____ (work) together during this period, I’m sure. They must have burned the farm down, Roberto. They could have killed you!”
“I can’t believe it,” Roberto said. “My own uncle wouldn’t do that. It’s ____27____ (possible).”
“But it must be true, Roberto,” Valeria said. “It’s the only explanation.”
In the evening, Inspector (警官) Pavone telephoned and asked to speak to Roberto. “So far your uncle ____28____ (tell) us everything. He burned your farm down to make you ____29____ (sell) it. Pagani knew that land prices would go up when a big company moved to the town. Then he and your uncle made a project ____30____ (build) shops and houses on your land so that they could sell them for a profit. They would have become terribly wealthy!”
Roberto could not speak. His own uncle had lied to him and almost killed him.
“Your uncle and Pagani are both criminals (罪犯),” the inspector said. “Your uncle is a foolish and greedy man. He got himself into some ____31____ (danger) business. They must pay for their ____32____ (act).”
Roberto held the telephone ____33____ (quiet) with eyes full of tears.
The inspector was right. Mario and Pagani ____34____ (put) into prison soon. Roberto did not feel happy, sad or angry about them. He was too ____35____ (disappoint) to feel anything.
Some months passed. Roberto began to think about the future.
【答案】26 working 27. impossible 28. has told 29. sell 30. to build 31. dangerous
32. action##actions 33. quietly 34. were put 35. disappointed
【解析】本文主要讲述了Roberto无法相信自己的叔叔为了赚钱而把Roberto的农场烧了，他的叔叔和朋友因此被关进了监狱，Roberto感到非常失望。
26.句意：我敢肯定，这段时间他和帕加尼在一起很忙。be busy doing sth“忙于做某事”，动名词作宾语，故填working。
27.句意：那是不可能的。is后接形容词作表语，根据“I can’t believe it”及“My own uncle wouldn’t do that”可知，认为无法相信发生这样的事情，认为这是不可能的，故填impossible。
28.句意：到目前为止，你叔叔什么都告诉我们了。根据So far可知，此处用现在完成时，主语是单数形式，助动词用has，故填has told。
29.句意：他烧了你的农场，要你把它卖掉。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填sell。
30.句意：然后他和你叔叔做了一个计划，在你的土地上建造商店和房子，这样他们就可以卖掉它们来赚钱。根据“made a project…shops and houses on your land”可知，此空应填动词不定式作定语修饰名词project，故填to build。
31.句意：他做了一件危险的事。此空修饰名词business，应填形容词dangerous“危险的”，故填dangerous。
32.句意：他们必须为自己的行为付出代价。action“行为”，此空可以填单数形式，也可以填复数形式，故填action(s)。
33.句意：罗伯托默默地拿着电话，眼里噙满了泪水。此空修饰动词held，应填副词quietly“静静地”，故填quietly。
34.句意：马里奥和帕加尼很快就被关进了监狱。主语与动词put之间是被动关系，and连接并列主语看作复数形式，描述过去发生的事情，助动词用were，故填were put。
35.句意：他太失望了，什么也感觉不到。was后接形容词作表语，修饰人用以ed为结尾的形容词，故填disappointed。
Passage 18
（2023·山东临沂）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was early spring, and there was a light fog(雾) over the trees and fields. I and the other young horses ____26____ (eat) at the lower end of the field when we heard the cry of dogs far away. The ___27___ (old) among us lifted his head to listen. “There are the dogs!” he said, and ran away at once. We followed him to the top ___28___ the field.
My mother and another old horse were standing near. “They have found a hare(野兔),” said my mother, “and if they come this way, we ___29___ (see) the hunt(打猎).”
Soon the dogs were all running down the field next to ours, making aloud “yo-yo-yo” sound at the top of their voices. After then came men on horses as fast as they could. Suddenly, the dogs became ___30___ (silence) and ran around with their noses to the ground.
“They ___31___ (lose) the smell of the hare already,” said the old horse. “Perhaps she will run away.”
But the dogs began their “yo-yo-yo” again and came at full speed towards our field. Just then a hare, wild with fear, ran towards the trees. The dogs jumped over a small river and ran across the field. Six or eight huntsmen(猎人) jumped their horses over ___32___ small river, close behind the dogs. Before the hare could get away, the dogs were upon her with wild cries.
We heard a terrible cry, and that was the end of the hare. She ___33___ (pick) up by one of the men. She was covered in blood, but all the huntsmen seemed pleased.
I was ___34___ surprised that at first I didn’t see what was happening by the river. Later I saw a sad sight(景象)—two horses were down and the riders were hurt.
My mother said, “I can’t understand why men like this sport so much. They quite often hurt ___35___ (they) and good horses.”
【答案】26. were eating 27. oldest 28. of 29. shall see 30. silent 31. have lost
32. the 33. was picked 34. so 35. themselves
【解析】本文节选自《黑骏马》，讲述了猎人们带狗打猎的故事。
26.句意：我和其他小马正在田野的尽头吃东西，突然听到远处传来狗的叫声。根据“when we heard the cry of dogs far away.”可知，此处是when引导的时间状语从句，从句是一般过去时，主句表示过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，主语是复数，be动词用were，故填were eating。
27.句意：我们当中年纪最大的那位抬起头来听。根据“among us”可知，三者以上的比较应用最高级，故填oldest。
28.句意：我们跟着他来到了田顶。此处是固定搭配the top of“……的顶部”，故填of。
29.句意：如果他们从这边来，我们就能看到狩猎了。if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，因为主语是第一人称we，我们可以使用“shall+动词原形”，故填shall see。
30.句意：突然，狗安静了下来，把鼻子贴在地上跑来跑去。became是系动词，后加形容词silent作表语，故填silent。
31.句意：他们已经闻不到野兔的气味了。根据“already”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语是they，助动词用have，故填have lost。
32.句意：六个或八个猎人跳上他们的马越过小河，紧跟在狗的后面。根据“jumped their horses over...small river,”可知，是指越过小河，应用定冠词the表示特指，故填the。
33.句意：她被其中一个男人带走了。主语She代指兔子，和动词之间是被动关系，结合前句可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词用was，故填was picked。
34.句意：我很惊讶，起初我没有看到河边发生了什么事。此处是“so...that...”结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，故填so。
35.句意：他们经常伤害自己和好马。句子主语是they，此处宾语和主语人称一致，应用反身代词themselves，故填themselves。
考向2 短文填空之选词填空
Passage 1
（2023·广东）请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。请将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
it either be because what else by invent clean popular habit hundred
There is a small thing we use every day. We usually put ____1____ in the bathroom. Without it, we might have tooth problems. Can you guess ____2____ it is Yes, it’s the toothbrush. But do you know anything about its history
According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people ____3____ their teeth with some small tree branches (树枝). About 800 years ago, people made a kind of brushes with pig hair and bamboo. It might ____4____ the world’s earliest form of toothbrushes. As time went ____5____, the forms of toothbrushes changed. For example, people chose horse-tail hair instead of pig hair ____6____ pig hair was too hard. Imagine that you travel back to ____7____ of years ago and brush your teeth comfortably. It sounds fantastic, doesn’t it
Around the 15th century, the Chinese toothbrush found its way into Europe. It became ____8____ among local people soon. The ____9____ of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life. Today we have a good ____10____ of brushing teeth. We should thank the ancient Chinese for it.
【答案】1. it 2. what 3. cleaned 4. be 5. by 6. because
7. hundreds 8. popular 9. invention 10. habit
【解析】本文介绍了牙刷的历史和功能。
1.句意：我们通常把它放在浴室里。指代前文“a small thing”，需用代词it。故填it。
2.句意：你能猜出它是什么吗？根据“Can you guess...it is ”可知是询问猜出它是什么。what“什么”。故填what。
3.句意：根据一些研究，在牙刷出现之前，中国古人用一些小树枝清洁牙齿。根据“before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people...their teeth...”可知没有牙刷，古人会用树枝清洁牙齿。clean the teeth表示“清理牙齿”；句子是一般过去时，动词需用过去式。故填cleaned。
4.句意：这可能是世界上最早的牙刷。此处是系表结构，情态动词might后跟be动词原形。故填be。
5.句意：随着时间的推移，牙刷的形状也发生了变化。As time went by“随着时间的流逝”。故填by。
6.句意：例如，人们选择马尾毛而不是猪毛，因为猪毛太硬了。前后句之间是因果关系，前果后因，用because表示“因为”。故填because。
7.句意：想象一下，你回到几百年前，舒舒服服地刷牙。根据“About 800 years ago”可知此处是hundreds of短语，表示“数以百计的”。故填hundreds。
8.句意：它开始流行起来。根据“It became...among local people soon.”可知空处需填入形容词作表语，popular“受欢迎的”符合语境。故填popular。
9.句意：牙刷的发明不像造纸术那样出名，但在日常生活中非常有用。根据“The...of toothbrushes”可知是指牙刷的发明。invention“发明”。故填invention。
10.句意：今天我们养成了刷牙的好习惯。根据“Today we have a good...of brushing teeth.”可知刷牙是好习惯。have a good habit of“有一个……好习惯”。故填habit。
Passage 2
（2023·四川成都）短文填空从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺 (中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题17 语法填空
短文填空是中考英语试卷最难题目之一，它的分值是10-15分，分为10个小题。短文填空一般在一篇200~250字左右的故事性短文中挖出10个空，要求学生通读短文，并根据上下文来补全短文，每空只能填一个单词。主要考九大词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词）。
该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学过的英语知识进行简单的书面交流，从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识，又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为了答好短文填空题目，我们要打好基础关。这个基础关既包括1600个单词，300多个短语以及一部分常用句型和习惯用语的意思和用法，也包括各种词的词形变化。
考向1短文填空之语法填空（与高考接轨，这是大多数省市采取的考题形式）
中考英语语法填空，不论是单句填空还是短文填空，主要有两种形式的空：用所给词（v、n、pron、adj、adv)的正确形式填空；无提示词填空（prep、conj、art)。说白了，中考就考四道题：
第一道题：动词变形题 是指括号中给出了一个动词，需要对该动词进行形式变化才能符合句子要求的设题类型。此类设题主要有两个角度，其中的一个角度就是考查动词的自身变化【动词的谓语形式(时、语态变化)及非谓语形式(动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词】；另一个角度是考查动词与名词、形容词、副词的相互变化【构词法知识】；
第二道题：名词或代词变形题 名词变形题指的是对所给名词进行自身变化（名词的单数变复数、名词变成名词所有格）或者相互变化（名词变形容词、名词变动词、名词变副词）【构词法知识】；代词变形题主要考查代词的格（主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词和反身代词的相互变化，甚至个别不定代词之间的变化：如：many 变成much, both变成neither， other变成others 或another, some变any, all 变none , few 变 little);
第三道题：形容词或副词变形题 形容词或副词变形题主要考查它们的自身变化（级的变化：原级、比较级、最高级）或者相互变化（形容词变副词、形容词变成动词、形容词变成名词、副词变成形容词）【构词法知识】；
第四道题：无提示词填空题 无提示填空题是一种在不给提示词的前提下，要求根据句意、句法或句子间逻辑关系而填空的设题。这里要填的主要是介词、连词、冠词、代词 it、关系代词/副词。由于不给提示词，实际上加大了解题的难度。解答此类题目（特别是要填的是连词）时，首先要从句意上去考虑，看看句意是否通顺连贯。然后从句子结构上去考虑，看看所填句子是简单句还是复合句，如果是复合句，就要考虑从句连接词的选择。最后从句子间的逻辑上考虑，选择适合句子间逻辑关系的词进行填充。比如因果关系要考虑so, because 等； 转折关系要考虑but, though; 并列关系要考虑and。如果是缺关系代词/关系副词，则要根据定语从句的句子成分来定夺。而要填的是介词时，一定要关注空格前的动词是不是vi,是vi 要考虑其搭配，更要考虑空格后的词/短语的含义，选择用合适的介词。冠词一般出现在名词或名词短语前，特别是单数可数名词前要考虑a/an。另外要注意习惯用法。
考向2 短文填空之选词填空
选词填空是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空，词序打乱，让学生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空。此类题型主要是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上，通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词，补全短文。
考向3 短文填空之首字母填空
首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
二、满分技巧
1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。
快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。
在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
考向4 短文填空之自由填空（难度较大，只有少数城市采用这种考题，广东省原来用这种考题，现在采用选词填空形式）
自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的，这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是一篇短文挖空8—10个单词，且没有任何提示，让考生根据短文内容自由填词，难度较大，主观性较强，有时可能出现多种答案。
满分技巧
1. 解题步骤：
（1）快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；
（2）上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；
（3）通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。
（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。
（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；
（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等；
（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what,which, who, how, when等）。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。
解题步骤
1.略读全文，掌握大意。
短文填空与完形填空一样，属于障碍性阅读，但它的难度比完形填空还要高，因为完形填空有四个备选答案，而短文填空没有提供备选答案，要求考生既能想得到答案，还要写得对单词。所以在解题时，先略读全文，对全文有个大概了解。
2.运用所学知识和技巧，逐项填空，先易后难。
在读完一遍之后，对短文内容有大概了解。然后运用所学的知识与技巧，根据文章的大意，逐个填空。易的先填，难的做标记后填。绝对不能留空。
3.核对答案。
全部题目完成后，再复读一遍，核查答案。（1）检查答案注意动词的时态、语态。（2）检查名词要注意单复数。（3）检查形容词和副词的三个级别。（4）检查习惯用语、固定搭配等是否符合习惯。（5）检查上下文的连贯性，以及所填词是否符合逻辑。
（2023·浙江杭州）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。
Traffic School
Have you ever driven through a red traffic light Have you ever parked in the wrong place or driven ____1____ (fast) than the speed limit (限制) The answers are probably “yes”. Every year ____2____ (thousand) of drivers become “offenders”-they break the rules of the road. But ___3____ are the punishments for this offence
In most countries drivers have to pay a fine (罚款), ____4____ (usual) $100—$300. But in the USA, Australia and some ____5___ (Europe) countries offenders also get points on their driving license. After they get ___6___ certain number of points, they can’t drive.
Life is difficult when you can’t drive. So far some states in the USA ____7___ (introduce) a new way to avoid this-Traffic School. Offenders have a choice: They can get points on their license ___8____ they can do a course at Traffic School.
Traffic Schools run “driver improvement courses”. They cost about $100 and take from four ____9____ twelve hours. Most people do the course in a classroom, but in some states drivers can do the course online. Drivers learn the rules of the road and they learn how ___10____ (be) better drivers. They don’t have to take a driving test, but at the end of the course they have to pass a written examination.
【答案】1. faster 2. thousands 3. what 4. usually 5 European
6. a 7. have introduced 8. if 9. to 10. to be
【解析】本文主要介绍了人们在不同国家违反交通规则的处理方法。
1.句意：你是否曾把车停错地方或超速驾驶？根据“than”可知空处需用比较级。故填faster。
2.句意：每年都有成千上万的司机成为“违规者”——他们违反交通规则。空前无具体数字，需用thousands of“数以千计的”表示泛指。故填thousands。
3.句意：但是这种罪行的惩罚是什么呢？根据“are the punishments for this offence ”可知是询问处罚是什么。what表示“什么”。故填what。
4.句意：在大多数国家，司机必须支付罚款，通常是100到300美元。修饰动词，需用副词形式usually表示“通常”。故填usually。
5.句意：但在美国、澳大利亚和一些欧洲国家，违规者的驾驶执照也会被扣分。修饰名词“countries”，需用形容词作定语。European“欧洲的”。故填European。
6.句意：在他们得到一定数量的分数之后，他们就不能开车了。a certain number of表示“一定数量的……”。故填a。
7.句意：到目前为止，美国的一些州已经推出了一种新的方法来避免这种情况——交通学校。根据“So far”可知本句需用现在完成时(have/has done)，主语是复数，助动词用have。故填have introduced。
8.句意：违法者有一个选择：如果他们能在交通学校学习课程，他们可以在驾照上获得分数。分析句子可知，前句是后句是肯定条件，需用if表示“如果”。故填if。
9.句意：它们花费大约100美元，需要4到12个小时。from...to...表示“从……到……”，固定短语。故填to。
10.句意：司机学习道路规则，他们学习如何成为更好的司机。how to do sth表示“如何做某事”。故填to be。
考向1短文填空之语法填空
Passage 1
（2023·浙江绍兴中考）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
When Reshma Kosaraju was 12, her family ____1____ (move) from Chicago to Northern California. Soon after, the Camp Fire started. “It was one of ____2___ (big) fires in California history,” Reshma, now 17, told TIME for Kids. ____3____ her school was about 320 kilometers south of the fire, students still had to wear masks (面罩) because ____4____ the smoke. “It is an unusual experience for me, because I have never ____5____ (real) experienced this problem,” she said. So she hoped ____6____ (deal) with the problem. Later she created a ___7____ (use) way to predict forest fires with artificial intelligence (人工智能). Her method is nearly 90% right. “____8____ realized that if I could succeed, the results could make ____9____ big difference. For example, the environment can be helped and many ____10____ (life) can be saved,” Reshma said.
Passage 2
（2023·江苏苏州市）
请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dancing with the Light
A few years ago, I visited the Classical Gardens of Suzhou. During the visit, my attention was drawn away from the plants, bridges and stones, towards ____1____ walls of the gardens. Mostly white, some parts of the walls are losing small ____2___ (piece) of their covering. This creates space in which light and plants can be ____3___ (see). The walls are not only the boundaries of the gardens, but they also form protected paths that guide you on a trip.
The memory of the white walls stayed with me. I kept ____4____ (imagine) how many shadows (影) could be collected by them to dance with the light. This fantastic moment was so lively ____5____ I came back to explore it with my camera.
Working ____6____ (free) with these walls and their marks, I began to feel like collecting all the stories that were painted there. Weather and time have turned these ____7____ (amaze) white walls into Chinese landscape paintings.
I ___8___ (take) the photos during the month of June, just after the rain. The air was full of small drops of water, showing the light and the color ____9____ the things around. As color was born out of a dance between light and a body, when photographing in color I found ___10___ (I) enjoying a moment of this dance.
Passage 3
（2023·湖北襄樊市）
读下面的短文，在短文空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式，使短文的意思完整，并将所填答案填写在答题卡相应题号的横线上。
Did ancient people plant trees They didn’t have a special day to plant trees like Tree Planting Day, ___1__ the tradition of planting trees has been there for a long time. Back then, it was always __2__ (rain) around the Qingming Festival in spring. The trees that were planted around this time had better conditions to grow than usual, so people formed the custom of planting trees around the Qingming Festival.
There were many kinds of trees. However, mulberry trees (桑树) and fruit trees were ___3___ (popular) of all. To feed the silkworms (蚕), more mulberry leaves __4___ (need). Silk came from the silkworms, and then was made into silk clothes and traded between the east and the west of the world. Among the ancient people who suggested __5___ (get) trees to offer food and clothes, there was a man whose name is well-known, Mencius (孟子).
Dong Feng, a famous doctor in the Three Kingdom Period (三国时期), saved many ___6__ (patient) lives for free. He only asked them to plant apricot trees (杏树) on a hill. Gradually, a forest of apricot trees grew on ___7___ hill. That’s why we now praise a doctor who has excellent skills with the words “warmth in an apricot forest.”
Each dynasty has different tree planting projects. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty __8___ (person) planted a ginkgo tree (银杏树) in a temple in Chang’an. 1,400 years later, the ginkgo tree is still growing. So far, the temple ___9__ (become) a popular place for tourists.
So, ____10____ Tree Planting Day next year, do you want to plant a tree with your wishes on it
Passage 4
（2023·湖南长沙）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Do you know World Letter Writing Day It falls ____1____ September 1st every year. It was set up by Richard Simpkin in 2014. He encouraged people ____2____ (take) a break from today’s social media (媒体) and write a letter to someone by hand.
Who should you write to Think about a friend or relative that lives far away. A parent or best friend would also love to receive ____3___ (you) letter.
How do you write a letter ____4____ (general) speaking, a letter includes these parts. The date and a greeting (问候语) such as “Dear…” should be at the top of the letter. A closing such as “Love” or “Yours truly” needs to follow the body. End it by ____5____ (sign) it.
Why should you pick up a pen and write a letter It is a surprise that may make someone’s day. It’s ___6____ good way to show people that you have been thinking of them. Everyone loves a personal touch. It makes ____7____ (enjoy) memories (回忆). Some people save ___8____ (letter) and look at them over the years.
A recent study shows that letter writing ___9____ (make) the writer happy, too. “Handwriting is your DNA. It’s your fingerprint that only you can share with others,” said Richard Simpkin.
So, get some paper ____10____ pick up a pen. Start writing a letter today!
Passage 5
（2024·深圳一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
How much do you know about Wushu Wushu, also known as martial arts, is one of the earliest ___36___ (sport) in China. It uses both body and brain. What’s more, Wushu is an outstanding example of ___37___ (tradition) Chinese culture. It can explain ___38___ Chinese people understand the world. Over its long history, Wushu ___39___ (develop) into a special unity of exercise, self-protection and art.
As a sport and ___40___ artistic form, Wushu wins great popularity in China. In Shenzhen, some schools have Wushu classes for kids. Every training ___41___ (require) students to take it seriously. Only by training hard can they build up ___42___ (they) bodies and meet the challenges in the future.
As a competitive sport with great fitness value, Wushu has spread ___43___ (wide) across the world. Bruce Lee helped make Wushu world-famous. Thanks to him, the word “kung fu” appeared in many foreign language dictionaries. Many Chinese have set up Wushu schools outside China, providing people ___44___ the chance to experience the fantastic sport. During the Hangzhou Asian Games in 2023, more people were able ___45___ (enjoy) the beauty of Wushu.
Passage 6
（2023·山东滨州）
阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词成情态动词。
An idol is someone who we respect or love. However, unlike many of my classmates, my idol is not a film star, a famous writer or a sportsman, my idol is my dad.
Most people believe that a man ____51____ (go) out and work. However, when I was only a five-year-old boy, I was ____52____ (serious) ill and needed attention all the time. My dad knew how much my mum loved her job, so he stopped ____53____ (work) to stay at home and look after me. Many men in this situation would want their ____54____ (wife) to stay with the child, but my dad always thinks about ____55____ (other) before himself. This made me start to respect him.
My dad later took a job and worked at night. He chose the job so that he would only be out of the house when I was sleeping. Since then, my dad ____56____ (help) and supported me in everything I do. I remember when I was learning to ride a bike, my dad ran behind me and held the back of the bicycle so that I would not fall. I ____57____ (feel) so safe because I knew he was near. Soon, I was able to ride by ____58____ (I).
My family is not rich, and we do not own a big house or an expensive car. My dad has shown me that something is ____59____ (important) than money. Although he now works hard every day and is often very busy, he always makes time _____60_____ (stay) with me. He helps me with my homework, and plays games with me on weekends. He has also taught me that I can achieve anything if I really work hard on it.
My dad is my idol because he showed me the most important things in life.
Passage 7
（2023·浙江宁波）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
One day at school, something strange caught Ann’s attention. Lily ____51____ (quick) put a bag in her own desk, making Ann feel unusual. Later, she saw Lily secretly give something ____52____ Cindy under the desk. It seemed that they decided ____53____ (do) something without her. Ann thought, “How can my best friend plan something without inviting me ” Even though they were still ____54____ (friend) to her, she was a little upset.
On the bus ride home, Ann avoided ____55____ (sit) next to Lily on purpose. She noticed Lily giving an envelope to someone else, which made her even more upset.
Later that evening, there was ____56____ knock on Ann’s door. There stood Cindy from next door, inviting her to Lily’s party. ____57____ first, Ann didn’t want to go and said no to her, explaining that they were no ____58____ (long) friends. But Cindy kept asking Ann to come along.
When they arrived at Lily’s house, everyone shouted, “Surprise!” Ann hardly ____59____ (believe) that. Lily smiled and said, “Tomorrow is your birthday!” Ann was ____60____ moved that tears filled her eyes. She said thanks and hugged Lily.
Passage 8
（2023·长沙期末统考）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the earth facing so much pollution, most countries and regions in the world are taking action ___36___ (fight) against pollution. Here are some of the measures they have already taken.
New Energy Vehicle
France has decided to stop ___37___ (sell) any car that uses petrol (汽油) and diesel (柴油) fuel by 2040 in order to reduce air pollution and save energy as well. Poor families ___38___ are willing to replace older and more polluting cars with ___39___ (clean) ones will receive some money from the government. Norway, which is the leader in the use of electric cars in Europe, ___40___ (want) to move to electric-only vehicles by 2025, as does the Netherlands.
Great green wall
According to a study by NASA, China and India are the main reasons for ___41___ (make) the Earth greener over the past twenty years. In 1978, China began a project which is known as the “Great Green Wall”. So far, the program ___42___ (plant) many trees in 13 provinces and autonomous regions such as Tibet and Inner Mongolia in northern China. Because of China’s success in ___43___ (deal) with desertification (沙漠化), the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) believes the country is a good example for others to follow. China is one of ___44___ (successful) countries in greening the desert and has lessons to share with the world.
Be straw free
Every day, Americans throw away 500 million plastic straws, enough to circle the Earth twice, or fill 125 school buses. Be Straw Free was started in America in 2011. California recently became ____45____ (one) state (州) to stop using plastic straws in restaurants. Corporations like Starbucks, Aramark, and American Airlines are also making an effort to stop offering plastic straws.
Passage 9
（2023·山东济南）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last March I lost my camera while I was on a school trip. I left it on the bus on the way back to ____41____ (we) school. I called the bus company the next day ____42____ (check) if they could find it, but it wasn’t there. My parents got really angry and told me they couldn’t buy me a new one.
I ____43____ (know) they were right, so I decided I would get one by myself. I started thinking of ways to make and save money. My parents ____44____ (usual) give me 8 every week, so the first thing I did was to keep the money ____45____ the small box on the bookcase.
I also offered to help my uncle Alan. He’s often away for work, but he can’t ____46____ (take) his dog with him. I started to look after his dog when he wasn’t at home. After some time, my uncle’s neighbors saw me. They asked me if I could help with their cats, dogs and rabbits, too. So, I started working for three ____47____ (family) living across the street.
In less than three months I had enough money to buy a new camera. It was the same as the one I had lost, but to me it was much ____48____ (nice). I paid for it with ____49____ money I made and it felt very different. This experience teaches me what it means to work hard and I ____50____ (learn) that you must be careful with the things you have, because they take a lot of hard work.
Passage 10
（2023·深圳中学校联考一模）
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。
We all heard the story of Nvwa patching up (修补) the sky with melted coloured stones. Many years passed and troubles broke out again. One of them ___21___ (be) a big flood. It appeared in the Yellow River during the rule of Emperor Yao, and the people ___22___ (force) to give up their villages and go to live in trees or mountains. The flood brought great damage to the ___23___ (people) life. Emperor Yao felt sorry for the suffering of the people, so he asked Gun to solve the problem. Receiving the order, Gun led his team to build dikes (堤坝) to keep back the water ___24___ failed. Then Shun, the next emperor, ordered Gun’s son Yu to continue with the work after Gun died.
Yu accepted the work and found that it was much ___25___ (difficult) than he had thought. But he fought against the great flood bravely. For thirteen years, he put ___26___ (he) to his work. He passed his house three times but he did not enter it. Drawing a lesson from his father’s failure, he used methods of channeling and dredging (挖道和疏浚) and controlled the great flood ___27___ (success). He did so much ___28___ the people that they called him “Yu the Great” and Emperor Shun chose him as the next emperor.
Yu won the trust of his emperor and the people with his great effort. He was such ___29___ wise, strong-minded and great person that he is worth _____30_____ (learn) from. We will remember him forever.
Passage 11
（2023·广东深圳·统考一模）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。
In ancient China, when friends or relatives were separating, they would pick a willow twig (柳条) and give it to the person who was leaving. This was to express ____31____ (they) wish for him to stay. In Chinese, the word for “willow” is pronounced the same ____32____ the word for “stay.”
Many Chinese poets liked writing about willows in their works. One of ____33____ (famous) poems is A Farewell Song (《送元二使安西》) by Wang Wei. It reads,
No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain,
The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green.
I invite you ____34____ (drink) a cup of wine again,
West of the Sunny Pass no more ____35____ (friend) will be seen.
Nowadays, willow twigs can also be seen in modern art. There was an amazing performance about willow twigs. 365 people ____36____ (hold) willow twigs in their hands on the green stage. At the same time, ____37____ ancient painting of weeping willows (垂柳) appeared on the LED screen. The setting of 365 people stood for 365 days, and the colour green meant the return of spring. The performance ____38____ (praise) highly by the audience. “I was ____39____ (deep) attracted by traditional Chinese culture,” one of them said.
In short, giving a willow twig to a person is not saying goodbye ____40____ asking him to stay. This is the beauty of Chinese culture.
Passage 12
（2023·广东深圳·校考模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Have you ever seen the film Forrest Gump(《阿甘正传》) There’s ____41____ famous saying in it, “Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what you’re gonna get.” The surprise is part of the fun. It is not only from the chocolates you find in the box but also the process (过程) of ____42____ (open) the box. Now blind box toys have become very popular since they ____43____ (introduce) to China. Blind box toys are hidden inside the same packaging (包装). So the buyers don’t know what is in the boxes until they open ____44____ (they). The most popular toys in the blind boxes are cute characters ____45____ come from pop movies, comics and cartoons. There ____46____ (be) a few special ones in many common boxes. “Maybe the next one is a gold toy. My wish is ____47____ (open) another box!” said one buyer. As a result, people will open more blind boxes and hope for a better result.
Besides expecting good results, people also enjoy the surprise and uncertain mysteries. “Opening a blind box like opening a birthday gift is an enjoyable surprise for our simple daily lives said a 24-year-old girl. ____48____ I open these simple little boxes, I feel disappointed (失望的) at one, but I feel ____49____ (excite) at another.” A fear of the unknown is always a part of the box-opening process, and _____50_____ (wait) for the uncertainty is another part of the fun.
Passage 13
阅读下面短文，在空格处填一个适当的词或者使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡规定位置上。
If you were in Xi’an on April 8, you might feel like you were back in ancient China. The catwalk shows and traditional music concerts ____51____ (hold) by people wearing traditional Chinese clothing. Hanfu fans from over China got together there to take pictures and post them online for a Hanfu photo competition. It was so popular ____52____ everyone had a wonderful time. It is the first Chinese Hanfu Day, ____53____ lasted until May 8.
China Hanfu Day is on the third day of the third month of the Chinese lunar calendar, and this day is said to be the birthday of the Yellow Emperor. In ancient China, this day was also known ____54____ Shanghai Festival. Its purpose is to encourage young Chinese to take ____55____ (proud) in traditional clothing, as well as Chinese culture.
Hanfu is the traditional clothing of the Han people who lived in China before the Qing Dynasty. It has a history of about 3,000 years and it ____56____ (change) greatly so far. But some of its main characteristic(特点) remain. For example, the main characteristic of Hanfu is that it usually uses ribbons(系带) instead of buttons. Hanfu brings us back to the ancient fashion. ____57____ we don’t know the number of people who wear Hanfu today, we can find Hanfu clubs in almost every city.
China is becoming ____58____ leading country in the world, and the Chinese public feels ____59____ (confident) about its traditional culture than ever before. Wearing traditional clothing might be an interesting was of showing ____60____ they feel about this.
Passage 14
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
The sweetest memory of my childhood is about a round table. When I was still little, my whole family would get together on different traditional ___61___ (festival) to have dinner.
When I got a bit older, my aunt brought back her boyfriend and my grandma cheerfully ___62___ (add) another seat to the round table. It seemed a little more crowded, but we all felt much ___63___ (close) to each other. When I was in my twenties, my grandpa passed away. That made ___64___ (we) feel sad. However, when the whole family got together once again, we ___65___ (total) agreed that his chair, his bowl and his chopsticks should remain the same. Even though his seat was empty, we ___66___(feel) as if he had never left us.
We all have a table like this in our homes. It is ___67___ sign of reunion of our family, ___68___ (show) our feelings. ___69___ the reasons why we come together may be different, the feelings behind it are the same. Usually different cultures ____70____ (accept) by us around the table. What’s more, we express the love not only for our family, but also for a community, our nation and even the whole world.
Passage 15（原创）
塞下曲
(王昌龄)
饮马渡秋水，水寒风似刀。
平沙日未没，黯黯见临洮。
昔日长城战，咸言意气高。
黄尘足今古，白骨乱蓬蒿。
Song of the Frontier (II)
(Wang Changling)
We water horses and cross autumn streams,
Like a sword on water blows the wind cold.
On sandy plain the sun sheds parting beams,
In the gloom looms the city wall of old.
By the Great Wall we fought wars in the land;
Our warriors’ fighting spirit was at its height.
History is buried in the yellow sand;
Among the weeds are scattered the bones white.
(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)
Wang Changling was a well-known poet from the Tang Dynasty in ancient China, which was a time when art and literature flourished. He 1.___________(live) from 698 to 756 AD and wrote many poems about the2. _______(life) of soldiers and the struggles of war.
In his poem “Song of the Frontier (II),” Wang Changling talks about soldiers during autumn, when they water their horses and feel the cold wind. The wind 3.__________(describe) as sharp as a knife, which shows how hard the conditions are for the soldiers. He also talks about the fading sun and the old city walls, which creates a kind of sad and fading atmosphere.
The poem reflects on past battles and the bravery of the soldiers 4.__________were once full of fighting spirit. But now, all that’s left is the dust of history and the bones of the fallen soldiers scattered among the weeds. The whiteness of the bones shows that they have been there 5.__________ a long time, forgotten by history.
He uses imagery, which means he creates pictures in 6_____________(we) minds with his words. He shows us the cold wind, the old walls, and the bones in the sand. All of this helps us feel the sad mood of the poem.
The poem’s main idea is about 7____________( remember) the past. Wang Changling seems to be sad that the soldiers who were once full of 8___________(energetic) and fought hard are now forgotten, their bones lying with the land. He wants us 9___________(remember) these soldiers and think about how 10___________ (brave) they fought. It’s a way of showing respect for them and thinking about history.
Passage 16（原创）
Life is full of farewells (告别). That’s perhaps why this theme has been written about by poets around the world. It’s sad to say goodbye to our friends and family members. Instead of simply expressing sadness, many poets see farewells from a positive perspective (乐观的视角). Let’s see.
送元二使安西
唐·王维
渭城朝雨浥轻尘，
客舍青青柳色新。
劝君更尽一杯酒，
西出阳关无故人。
A Farewell Song
Wang Wei
No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain;
The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green.
I invite you to drink a cup of wine again;
West of the sunny pass no more friends will be seen.
(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)
“A Farewell Song” is a famous poem by Wang Wei, a well-known poet from China’s Tang Dynasty. He is famous ____1____（介词） his deep and touching _____2______(describe) of nature and emotions.
Wang Wei was not just a poet, but also an artist and a government official. He _____3____(like) to make his poems peaceful and make readers _____4____(think )about themselves. His poems often show how people and nature can live together______5____ peacefully.
Looking at the style of writing, the poet uses simple language ____6____(关系代词) is filled with emotion. The line, “No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain,” creates a peaceful image of a quiet morning, which is like a peaceful moment before something big happens. “The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green”, adds to the peaceful and hopeful feeling by ____7______(paint) a picture of fresh, new spring. The willow branches (柳树) _____8______(consider) as a typical symbol of farewell in China. In ancient times, Chinese people often used them as a parting (分别的) gift between friends and family.
“I invite you to drink a cup of wine again” is the poet’s warm and real way of not wanting to say goodbye to his friend. Having another drink together is like a symbol of ___9_______ (they) goodbye. Lastly, "West of the sunny pass no more friends will be seen” shows the feeling of being alone and missing someone. Also shows his sincere (真诚的) love and care for his friend.
In general, this poem creates a feeling of quiet ____10______(sad). It mixes beautiful pictures and human feelings to deeply express the universal experience of saying goodbye.
Passage 17
（2023·山东潍坊）阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。
“I suddenly understood,” Valeria said, “why Mario wanted to buy the farm. He and Pagani were busy ____26____ (work) together during this period, I’m sure. They must have burned the farm down, Roberto. They could have killed you!”
“I can’t believe it,” Roberto said. “My own uncle wouldn’t do that. It’s ____27____ (possible).”
“But it must be true, Roberto,” Valeria said. “It’s the only explanation.”
In the evening, Inspector (警官) Pavone telephoned and asked to speak to Roberto. “So far your uncle ____28____ (tell) us everything. He burned your farm down to make you ____29____ (sell) it. Pagani knew that land prices would go up when a big company moved to the town. Then he and your uncle made a project ____30____ (build) shops and houses on your land so that they could sell them for a profit. They would have become terribly wealthy!”
Roberto could not speak. His own uncle had lied to him and almost killed him.
“Your uncle and Pagani are both criminals (罪犯),” the inspector said. “Your uncle is a foolish and greedy man. He got himself into some ____31____ (danger) business. They must pay for their ____32____ (act).”
Roberto held the telephone ____33____ (quiet) with eyes full of tears.
The inspector was right. Mario and Pagani ____34____ (put) into prison soon. Roberto did not feel happy, sad or angry about them. He was too ____35____ (disappoint) to feel anything.
Some months passed. Roberto began to think about the future.
Passage 18
（2023·山东临沂）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was early spring, and there was a light fog(雾) over the trees and fields. I and the other young horses ____26____ (eat) at the lower end of the field when we heard the cry of dogs far away. The ___27___ (old) among us lifted his head to listen. “There are the dogs!” he said, and ran away at once. We followed him to the top ___28___ the field.
My mother and another old horse were standing near. “They have found a hare(野兔),” said my mother, “and if they come this way, we ___29___ (see) the hunt(打猎).”
Soon the dogs were all running down the field next to ours, making aloud “yo-yo-yo” sound at the top of their voices. After then came men on horses as fast as they could. Suddenly, the dogs became ___30___ (silence) and ran around with their noses to the ground.
“They ___31___ (lose) the smell of the hare already,” said the old horse. “Perhaps she will run away.”
But the dogs began their “yo-yo-yo” again and came at full speed towards our field. Just then a hare, wild with fear, ran towards the trees. The dogs jumped over a small river and ran across the field. Six or eight huntsmen(猎人) jumped their horses over ___32___ small river, close behind the dogs. Before the hare could get away, the dogs were upon her with wild cries.
We heard a terrible cry, and that was the end of the hare. She ___33___ (pick) up by one of the men. She was covered in blood, but all the huntsmen seemed pleased.
I was ___34___ surprised that at first I didn’t see what was happening by the river. Later I saw a sad sight(景象)—two horses were down and the riders were hurt.
My mother said, “I can’t understand why men like this sport so much. They quite often hurt ___35___ (they) and good horses.”
考向2 短文填空之选词填空
Passage 1
（2023·广东）请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。请将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
it either be because what else by invent clean popular habit hundred
There is a small thing we use every day. We usually put ____1____ in the bathroom. Without it, we might have tooth problems. Can you guess ____2____ it is Yes, it’s the toothbrush. But do you know anything about its history
According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people ____3____ their teeth with some small tree branches (树枝). About 800 years ago, people made a kind of brushes with pig hair and bamboo. It might ____4____ the world’s earliest form of toothbrushes. As time went ____5____, the forms of toothbrushes changed. For example, people chose horse-tail hair instead of pig hair ____6____ pig hair was too hard. Imagine that you travel back to ____7____ of years ago and brush your teeth comfortably. It sounds fantastic, doesn’t it
Around the 15th century, the Chinese toothbrush found its way into Europe. It became ____8____ among local people soon. The ____9____ of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life. Today we have a good ____10____ of brushing teeth. We should thank the ancient Chinese for it.
Passage 2
（2023·四川成都）短文填空从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺 (每词限用一次)。
actual advantage chance child difficult difference few hear many possible silence tell
Do you believe a rose plant says “I want some water” or a tree shouts “My arms hurt” Maybe you will say this could only happen in some ___1___ stories.
In fact, plants are not always ___2___. A recent study has found plants shout when they are in need of water or having their stems cut. “Even in a quiet field, there are___3___ some sounds that carry information. However, the pitch (音高) is too high for people ___4___,” said Lilach Hadany, a professor from Tel Aviv University.
The researchers used microphones to record some tomato plants and found that stressed plants send out ___5___ sounds than unstressed plants. “When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet,” Professor Hadany said. They also trained a machine in ___6___ the differences between thirsty plants and cut plants. The result shows that when the causes of stress change, they shout ___7___. After the team recorded many kinds of other plants, they found that many plants like corn, wheat and grape plants send out sounds when they are under stress, too.
“There is a ___8___ that a lot of communication is happening,” Professor Hadany said. “Because other plants can probably hear the call of the stressed plants.”
Sound recordings of plants could bring humans lots of ___9___, especially in farming. For example, people will make sure whether corn is getting enough water or where water is needed most without much ___10___.
Passage 3
用方框里面的单词填空
it, today, become, difference, state, great, through, begin, wide, be
Chinese writing is one of the world's 1. writing systems. It is more 2. in use than alphabetic(字母的) writing systems. More than half of the world's books 3. written in Chinese, including historical writings and novels, along with writings on government and law.
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language. It dates back several thousand years to the use of animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved(刻) by ancient Chinese people. Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in 4. hanzi.
By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had 5. a well-developed writing system. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to
6. dialects(方言)and characters. This, however, changed under Emperor Qinshihuang of the Qin Dynasty.
Emperor Qinshihuang united(统一)the seven major 7. into one country where the Chinese writing system 8. to develop in one direction. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing. Written Chinese has also become an important method to connect China's present with 9. past. People in modern times can read the classic works which were written by Chinese in ancient times.
Today, Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture. As China plays a great role in the world, an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate(欣赏)China's culture
10. this amazing language. Written Chinese spreads Chinese culture wherever it goes.
Passage 4
词语运用,有两个词为多余项
wise, forest, soon, game, catch, scare, nothing, danger, fortunate, to, point, because
Long long ago, there was a crowd of antelopes(羚羊) in the 1. . In this crowd there was a
2. teacher. He was admired by everyone 3. he taught the young the tricks and strategies of survival(生存策略).
One day, his younger sister brought her son 4. him and asked him to teach what was important to antelopes. She said, “Dear brother, this is my son, Dick. Please teach him the tricks and strategies of survival.” The teacher said to Dick, “You can come at this time tomorrow for your first lesson.”
At first, Dick came to have lessons on time every day. But 5. , Dick became more interested in playing games with others, so he began to cut classes. However, he didn't realize how 6. it could be for a young antelope who learned nothing but 7. .
8. , one day the young antelope stepped in a trap(陷阱). Knowing Dick was missing, his mother was worried. She went to her brother and asked him, “Dear brother, how is my son Have you taught him the tricks and strategies of survival ” The teacher replied, “My dear sister, I tried my best to teach him, but your son did not want to learn the tricks and strategies of survival. He cut classes. How could I possibly teach him ”
At this time, they heard that Dick 9. in a trap. They hurried to rescue him before it was too late. Dick was too 10. to move and regretted deeply.
If the young antelope had kept learning carefully all the time, he wouldn't have been caught.
Passage 5
用方框内单词的适当形式填空。
seem, success, but, they, wide, it, try, purpose, pound, express
Have you ever heard of Death Valley It's a national park lying in the east of California, the USA. The park isn't scary as 1. name sounds. You can enjoy the desert sunshine there. At the same time, you can find there's nothing out there but some special rocks called “sailing stones”.
Some of the rocks in Death Valley weigh hundreds of 2. . And on the ground behind each rock is a mysterious trail(痕迹). It 3. that the rock has been pushed along in the sand.
It was nearly 100 years ago that the “sailing stones” were reported for the first time. People have been
4. to find out the stones' secret ever since. Until the 1990s, one 5. accepted opinion was that the rocks were stuck in sheets(片) of ice that were being blown across the desert. However, research later showed that to move such large ice sheets, the wind would have to blow at hundreds of miles per hour. There are strong winds in Death Valley—6. not that strong.
Then in 2006, a scientist named Ralph Lorenz 7. his opinion. He suggested that in winter, thick ice forms(形成) around the rocks. When the ground begins to thaw(解冻), the rocks, wearing ice, sail along and leave trails behind 8. . Lorenz even did a test in his own kitchen for the 9. of showing his opinion was correct.
Has Lorenz 10. in solving the mystery of the sailing stones Perhaps. On the other hand, neither Lorenz nor anybody else has ever actually seen the stones move. Maybe it was aliens who moved the stones.
Passage 6
词语运用,有两个词为多余项
by, take, quick, exciting, return, without, he, rule, which, result, achieve, different
As a famous piano master, Paderewski was admired by many people. Wishing to make progress on the piano, one day, a boy 1. to a Paderewski's concert by his mother. After they were seated, the mother saw a friend and walked up to greet her, leaving the boy alone in 2. seat.
Catching the chance to explore the wonders of the concert hall, the little boy stood up and finally made his way through a door 3. was marked “No Admittance(进入).” Soon, the hall got dark and the concert was about to begin. When the mother 4. to her seat, she discovered that the child was missing.
Suddenly, the lights focused on the piano on the stage. In surprise, the mother found her little boy sitting at the piano. 5. knowing where he was, the boy was picking out Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star.
At that moment, the great piano master appeared, moved to the piano 6. , and whispered(耳语) in the boy's ear, “Don't stop. Keep playing.” Then he sat down and added a running obbligato(伴奏). Together, the old master and the young beginner changed an embarrassing situation into a wonderfully creative experience. It became one of the 7. parts of the whole concert that evening. The people were touched so much by the master and the mother was shocked. She believed that such an experience would make a big 8. to her boy's life.
In fact, that's the way it is in life. What we can do on our own is hardly unusual. We tried our best, but the
9. aren't exactly smooth music like what we have expected. But when we trust in the hands of a greater power, our life's work can be truly beautiful.
Next time you set out 10. great works, listen carefully. You can hear the voice of the master, whispering in your ear, “Don't stop. Keep playing.”
Passage 7
go, stop ,beer ,on ,and ,slow, frighten, another, minute, where ,turn ,if
One day a strong cowboy was traveling on his horse when he saw a bar. He decided to ____1____ for a few drinks, so he tied his horse outside the bar, walked into the bar and ordered two bottles of ____2____. This cowboy was new in town. He looked around and noticed some people making faces to him. He guessed that they might play some tricks____3____him, but he said nothing and continued to drink. After drinking, he walked out of the bar____4____found his horse lost.
However, he kept calm, came back into the bar, and said____5____, " I don't know what you fools did to my horse out there… but I'm leaving in five minutes, and by then if my horse isn't back where it's supposed to be, well … I have to do here what I did in Texas!" The cowboy added, "And I don't want to do what I did in Texas!" After hearing these words, the other customers seemed a little bit____6____.
The cowboy went back to his seat and ordered____7____two bottles of beer. After five____8____, he walked out and found his horse tied____9____it was supposed to be.
Just as he was leaving, the boss of the bar came up and asked curiously , "What was the thing that you did in Texas but you didn't want to do here "
The cowboy____10____to the boss and replied in a low voice, " I had to walk home!"
Passage 8
actual buy decide environment manage she mess produce reuse rule skill speak
Many people know the importance of protecting the environment. However, most of them think they can do little to help solve the world’s 1. problems. New Yorker Lauren Singer doesn’t think so. The beautiful girl studied environmental science at New York University. But she not only wanted to learn about sustainability(可持续发展), but she also wanted to 2. live it. During her final year of college, she began working towards living a “Zero Waste” life. Since then, she has gone two years without 3. any litter.
Lauren said that she made the 4. to live a “Zero Waste” life for two reasons. The first was her teacher’s 5. about the importance of “living your values”. The second was the lunch her classmate brought to class every week. She used a lot of plastic bags, forks, bottles, etc. to carry the food and then threw them away. This made Lauren think a lot. “We’re supposed to be the future of this planet but now we
6. it up with our litter.”
It’s easier said than done. The past two years hasn’t been easy for Lauren. She stopped 7.
anything wrapped(包装) in plastic and began taking her own bags to the supermarket. She didn’t buy new clothes and shopped only in second-hand stores. And she tried to buy 8. things which can be used many times. She ever made all her own cleaning products from toothpaste to detergent(洗衣粉) by 9. . To help those who want to follow her footsteps but don’t have the time or 10. like her, Lauren recently started her own waste-free product company, The Simply Co.
考向3 短文填空之首字母填空
Passage 1
（2023·江苏扬州）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Peter Pan wishes Wendy, John and Michael, especially Wendy, would stay in Neverland forever, but finally the Darling children decide to fly back home and grow up.
“Quick Tink,” Peter whispers. “S____1____ the window. Then when Wendy comes back, she will think her mother doesn’t love her anymore, and she will return to Neverland with me.”
Mrs. Darling is playing the piano. Peter didn’t know the tune, Home, Sweet Home, b____2____ he knows it’s saying, “Come back, Wendy, Wendy, Wendy.” Peter looks through the door and sees two big tears in Mrs. Darling’s eyes.
“She loves Wendy,” he thinks. “But I love Wendy, too. We c____3____ both have her.”
He looks at Mrs. Darling again. The two tears are still sitting on her e____4____.
“Oh, all right,” he says at last, sadly. Then he opens the window.
When Wendy, John, and Michael arrive, they find the window o____5____ for them. They all get into bed to surprise their mother.
When Mrs. Darling goes back to the children’s room, they are all in their beds. They wait for her to say something, but she says n____6____. She thinks she is dreaming. She sits by the fire.
The children are so w____7____. Why isn’t their mother happy to see them again All three of them jump out of bed, run to her and shout, “Mother!” She realizes she is not d____8____ anymore. Mr. Darling and Nana come in. They are all so happy. Peter w____9____ them from the window but he is looking at something he will never have.
Many years pass. When Peter visits Wendy again, she has g ____10____ up and has a daughter of her own. Peter is still a boy who can’t grow up.
—Taken from Peter Pan
Passage 2
（2023·武汉）阅读下面短文，根据上下文、所给首字母或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词。每个空只能填一个单词。
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is used to help people keep the balance of yin and yang. But have you ever imagined that one day you can learn herb (药草) planting and TCM courses at school
A primary school in Nanjing has just ___51___ (open) a herb farm. More than 30 herbs are planted. Students there are g___52___by doctors from a TCM hospital to tell different herbs and learn plant development, medicinal value as well as ___53___ (grow) herbs. The hospital has also donated over 100 cartoon books about TCM to help draw children’s a___54___ in herbal medicine.
Another middle school has i___55___ TCM courses to students of all grades. These courses c___56___ a basic knowledge of herbs, herb planting and cooking with herbs. They give students a deeper understanding of TCM, bringing out their sense of p___57___ in Chinese traditions and the country’s rich culture.
Also in Shanghai, Tongji University has provided foreign students ___58___ some chances to plant different kinds of herbs ___59___ (wide) used in Chinese medicine and cooking. By taking care of the plants, foreign students can get first-hand experience of making herbal medicine from start to finish, and spread TCM culture to their o____60____ countries.
The herb planting courses at schools and universities across China get students close to TCM and help pass on the tradition.
Passage 3
（2023·广州）阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。
Today is Duanwu Jie or Dragon Boat Festival, one of the most important festivals in China. Chinese people r____46____ the great patriotic poet (爱国诗人) Qu Yuan by rowing dragon boats and making zongzi on this day.
My village is famous for its great protection of traditional c____47____ and we have the best dragon boat race team of the city. Every year, villagers raise our dragon boats from under the river about a month before the festival. And then it is c____48____ cleaned and repainted. Our dragon boat is already 40 years old. Made of a special kind of wood, it is still strong enough to l____49____ for a long time.
This year, my elder brother is accepted into our dragon boat race team as its youngest member. He’s only 18, and I’m so p____50____ of him.
Passage 4
（2024·上海宝山一模）
In 2013, Diana Nyad became the first person to swim from Cuba (古巴) to Florida (美国弗罗里达州) without the help of a shark cage, at age 64.
Diana was born in New York City but moved to Florida after her graduation from college. She began swimming at the age of 10 and showed t____51____ and love for the sport from an early stage. Under the coach of Jack Nelson, the former (昔日的) Olympic swimmer, she won a lot of long-distance swimming competitions during the 1960s and 1970s. Diana became well-known for setting a new r____52____ for swimming around the island of Manhatan (曼哈顿岛) in 1975 in a time of 7 hours and 57 minutes.
At the age of 28, Diana tried to swim from Cuba to Florida for the first time, but was unsuccessful after high winds forced her to give up the journey. After experiencing v____53____ injuries and health problems, Diana felt the need for new challenges beyond the pool. At the age of 30, she became a journalist in broadcast. Diana loved her new job, but from the bottom of her heart, there still was an u____54____ goal.
After 30 years of no swimming, Diana began training at age 60 with the goal of finishing what she started. In 2011, she failed the Cuba-to-Florida swim t____55____, first making it 29 hours and then 41 hours. The swim was too difficult and full of danger. During the long and tiring journey, Diana had met with terrible storm and deadly sea animals such as sharks and box jellyfish (箱形水 母). But every time Diana failed, she was ready to fight back. In August 2012, after she had spent 60 hours in the water, a lightning storm and other problems stopped her for the fourth time.
In 2013, 35 years after her first try, the 64-year-old Diana planned to swim from Cuba to Florida for a fifth time. After 52 hours 54 minutes and 18 seconds, Diana completed the historic swim with the help of a crew of doctors, scientists and navigators on September 2. She finally became the first person to a____56____ the close-to-impossible goal.
In her book Find a Way, Diana sent us three messages:
1.We should never ever give up;
2. It’s never too old to chase your dreams;
3. The swim looks like an individual sport but a____57____ it needs a team effort.
Passage 5
（2024·上海奉节一模）在短文的空格内填入适当的词, 使其内容通顺，首字母已给.(14分.
The Value of Timekeeping
Are you often late for things Do you wish you could be more on time Lots of people find it difficult to be on time. As the new school year starts, it’s good to brush up on timekeeping skills.
Being punctual means being able to arrive somewhere, complete a task or meet someone at an agreed time. Examples i___51___ getting to your classroom before the lesson begins, handing in your homework on time and arriving at a friend’s house when you say you’ll be there.
Being late can feel stressful, not only for yourself but for the people around you. It also makes it easy to f___52___ something important. “When I’m late, I feel disorganized and panicky (恐慌的).” says a student called Freddie. “But when I’m on time, I’m more r___53___ because I don’t have to run around looking for things.”
Being on time also makes you feel more prepared. Finishing a project early gives you e___54___ time to make improvements. Packing your bags the night before a match or performance allows you to feel calmer and more focused the next day. By being punctual, you’re telling yourself that your time matters, and you’re showing other people that you’re reliable and you r___55___ time, too.
Grace Pacie is an author who writes about lateness. She believes there are lots of reasons why people aren’t punctual. Some aren’t good at measuring time; others dislike being early and waiting around. Pacie believes you can learn to be more punctual by arranging to meet a friend on the way to school b___56___ this will make you get out of the door earlier. Or, if you don’t like waiting around, try arriving early but fill your time with something interesting like listening to music or reading a book. It’s not always easy to change timekeeping h___57___. Taking small steps towards becoming more punctual can help you feel calmer and more organized.
Passage 6
（2023·天津·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
A smile shows that a person is happy. For example, a person may smile when he or she is p 66 with some progress in studies. Or a person may smile if a friend tells a funny joke. There are other good r 67 to smile often.
First, it is e 68 to smile than to show unhappiness. In fact, it only takes 17 muscles (肌肉) to smile. On the other hand, it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness. So give the muscles in your f 69 a rest and smile!
Second, smiles are nice. People may try to l 70 nice by exercising or wearing nice clothes. However, people often say a smile is the best thing a person can wear. That is because it is easy to be a 71 someone who is smiling and happy. Almost no one wants to stay with someone who is always unhappy.
Third, smiles have power (感染力). Both smiling and laughing can easily and quickly s 72 from one person to another. If one person smiles, people around him or her want to smile, too. Similarly, when a person laughs, people tend (往往会) to laugh with him or her. If a person is s 73 , the best thing to do is to share a smile or a laugh. It is the easiest way to cheer someone up.
F 74 , smiling and laughing are very good for the body. Even though you are sad, try smiling. You’ll find that it will be difficult to s 75 sad for very long!
Passage 7
请认真阅读下面短文,并根据各题所给首字母的提示,写出一个合适的英语单词完整、正确的形式,使短文通顺。
A girl complained to her father about her hard life. She didn't know what she had to do and wanted to give up. She was t 1 of fighting and fighting. One problem had been f 2 another came over.
Her father, cook, took her into the kitchen. He poured water into three pans(锅) and boiled it. When the water was boiling, in the first pan he put some carrots, in the second he put some eggs and in the last he put some coffee. He waited for them for a few minutes w 3 any words.
The girl waited impatiently, not knowing why her father was doing that. About 20 minutes later, her father turned off the stove, took out the carrots and put them in a bowl. He took out the eggs and put them in a 4 bowl. After that the coffee was poured into a cup. Turning back to his daughter, he asked, "My sweet heart, what do you s 5 ""Carrots, eggs and coffee", she answered.
Her father told her to close her eyes and let her touch the carrots. She did so and f 6 . that the carrots were soft. After that he asked her to take eggs and b 7 them. Then, she got the eggs, warm and hard. At last, the father asked her to smell the coffee. She asked, "What did you do this for, Father " He e 8 that each one had had the same unlucky experience the boiling water, but each had a d 9 result. The strong and hard carrots had become soft and weak after being in the boiling water. The eggs became hard after being cooked. The coffee was very special and it c 10 the water "Who are you " asked her father.
Passage 8
（2023-2024期末·武汉）读下面短文，根据上下文、 所给首字母或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词。 每个空只能填一个单词。
Ancient books can take us back to the past. However, exposing (暴露) them in air does no good to the fragile (脆弱的) pages. Ding Feng, an ancient book restorer (修复师) of the Nanjing Library, made replicas (仿制品) to s____51____ the problems.
Ding has made hundreds of ancient book replicas. They i____52____ books from old temples (寺庙) and the imperial examination paper of Gao E. Gao is k____53____ for writing the last 40 chapters of Dream of the Red Chamber (《红楼梦》). Gao’s paper also has the signatures (签名) of Ji Xiaolan and Heshen. Ding’s ____54____ (big) replica is a three meter long exam paper from the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). It’s of a first-place winner in the imperial examinations for military personnel (在科举考试中).
“We are one of the first ____55____ (library) in China to make ancient book replicas,” said Ding, “Many replicas are shown ____56____ different museums so more people can know about ancient books. They also help p____57____ the original (真迹的) ones ”
Making a replica ____58____ (need) many skills. First, the restorer scans (扫描) the book pages one by one. Then they put them together and adjust (调试) the colors u____59____ design software. Finding the right paper for the replica is not easy. Sometimes they even dye (染) the paper to get the best color and texture (质感). What’s more, restorers need to r____60____ know the history and cultural background of the books.
A restorer brings old books back to life by making replicas.
考向4短文填空之自由填空
Passage 1
（2023·湖南岳阳）阅读填空。根据短文内容，在文中空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
Volunteering means that someone works to help people without being paid. Volunteers help people who really need help. There are many places where you can see different volunteers.
At school gates, you can see some volunteers with red vests (马甲). Can you guess ____41____ they are They are parent volunteers. When students go ____42____ the street, parent volunteers ____43____ up a “SLOW” sign to let drivers slow down. In order to become professional traffic volunteers, parents are supposed to learn how to give directions to students and stop them from ____44____ soccer on the road. ____45____ of these volunteers, students can get to school and go back home safely. Yueyang Daily reports many parents are looking ____46____ to being a volunteer. They wish to make an effort to protect students’ safety. Another group of “red vests” show up on main roads. They help cleaners pick up dirty paper, plastic bags, glass bottles and so on. They ask the passers-by (路人) not to throw the rubbish everywhere. “____47____ you please take away your rubbish ” “Would you mind picking up your cigarette butts (烟头) ...” ____48____ their work seems simple, they still take it seriously. Wherever you go, you can see volunteers in red vests, they have become the most beautiful scenes in our city.
Some teenagers ____49____ their free time in hospitals or old people’s homes. They cheer sick kids up or look after old people. In the countryside, some college students play an important role ____50____ volunteering. They can provide science and technology help for farmers. Some volunteers work as teachers in village schools.
A lot of volunteers give their kindness with a helping band. They can make a difference to people in need and the society.
Passage 2
请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词，并将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。
As we all know, Jiang Zemin was the former（以前的）chairman of the People's Republic of China. Lots of Chinese think that he is ___66____ great man because he has made important contributions to China.
Jiang Zemin was ___67___ in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province on August 17, 1926. He joined the Communist Party of China ___68____April, 1946. After his graduation from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1947, ___69____worked in Shanghai Yimin Food Factory. During that time, he also took____70____ in revolutionary(革命的）work. In 1956, he became an engineer in Changchun No. 1 Automobile Factory. In the following years, he has made ___71_____ contributions to many industries of China, especially in the electronic industry.
In 1993, Jiang Zemin was____72_____to be the chairman of the People's Republic of China. During these periods, he ____73___m
