2023-2024学年河北省保定市定州市高一（上）期末英语试卷（含解析）
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2023-2024学年河北省保定市定州市高一（上）期末英语试卷
一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Four Art Study Abroad Programs in 2024
Whether you love art history，dance，photography，writing，or beyond，here are the top art programs to attend in 2024.
The 6-week Gap Year Course in Italy | Art History Abroad
Program length：6 weeks in summer
Price：＄10，000
If you're interested in studying artists，criticism，and painting techniques during periods like the Renaissance and styles like baroque，Romanesque，and modern art，then this program is for you.It prides itself on not simply teaching art but also culture and an appreciation of beauty.
Creative Internships（实习） in Australia with ABI | ArtBound Initiative
Program length：1 month
Price：＄3，250
If you've ever had an interest in pursuing a career in the creative industry，consider an internship opportunity with ArtBound Initiative.Interns can work in exciting overseas locations while getting one-on-one career coaching from professionals.
The Irish Arts and Culture Program | Irish Gap Year
Program length：I semester
Price：＄17，000
Explore your own areas of interest as you work side by side with local Irish artists，photographers，writers，and musicians，learning about Ireland's rich cultural and artistic heritage.Your hands-on experience goes hand in hand with day trips to galleries，museums，and castles，and at the end，you'll have the opportunity to exhibit your works at the Le Cheile Art Expo.
Creative Semester in France | Berridge Programs
Program length：1 semester
Price：＄16，500
Whether you're a complete beginner or an experienced performer or artist，your interests and talents will be nurtured by industry professionals.During your time here，you will work on improving your skills which will end with a feature film or creative performance.
1.Where should you go to obtain career guidance according to the text？ ______
A. France. B. Australia. C. Italy. D. Ireland.
2.Which program enables participants to display their works？ ______
A. The 6-week Gap Year Course in Italy.
B. Creative Internships in Australia with ABI.
C. The Irish Arts and Culture Program.
D. Creative Semester in France.
3.How much should an artist pay to improve his performing skills？ ______
A. ＄3，250. B. ＄10，000. C. ＄16，500. D. ＄17，000.
B
Lots of kids like to talk about sports，but Joseph D'Avirro talks about sports like a professional host in a show called Sliders & Curveballs.The 9-year-old from Newington，Connecticut is a natural at sports talk and has been broadcasting the show-which is about baseball，basketball and other sports-with his dad，Mike D'Avirro，since September 2019.
The D'Avirros started the broadcast after two former college roommates of Mike died，which made Mike want to spend more time with his son.Then the idea came to him.So far，they have done about 50 programs.Joseph's favorite is when the father-and-son team interviewed Jim Calhoun，the coach leading the Connecticut Huskies to three national titles.They have also interviewed important sports authors.
The father and son make about one 30-to 40-minute podcast each month.They prepare for the podcasts by deciding on the questions they want to ask the guest.Joseph asks half of the questions，and Mike handles the other half.Joseph reads his questions again and again to get them in his brain well.It is a lot of work，but Joseph says it is "a lot more fun than homework".Joseph has also learned to speak up and speak clearly.He has to listen and to go with the flow of the conversation.For example，he said，"If the guest is talking about sports in the1990s，you have to think about sports in the 1990s."
When asked how long he and his dad will continue doing the show，he answered，"Until my dad starts growing gray hairs."Joseph has other ambitions when he grows up-to be a sports player，a sports broadcaster or to own a basketball team.Those are big dreams，but Joseph is already living a dream：talking sports and spending time with his dad.
4.What is Joseph's show about？ ______
A. Some talk shows on sports.
B. Ways to get along with parents.
C. Stories about famous sports players.
D. Sports that his family loves playing.
5.What inspired Mike to start the show with his son？ ______
A. His son's talent for sports.
B. His wish to be a host since college.
C. The deaths of his college roommates.
D. The encouragement from his roommates.
6.What does Joseph think of memorizing his questions？ ______
A. It's as boring as homework.
B. It's challenging to his brain.
C. It's more interesting than homework.
D. It takes a lot of time but means a lot.
7.What is the best title for the text？ ______
A. A rising sports broadcaster B. A long road to go to success
C. Joseph D'Avirro's big dream D. The father-and-son team hosts
C
In the northernmost edge of Colombia sits the coastal town of Acandi.Access to the town is only by water or air；there is no road that leads there.The residents there are faced with the struggles of balancing livelihoods while protecting biodiversity.
In the past，traditional community fishing methods，passed down by the elders，focused on the reasonable fishing and management of resources.However，the introduction of large-scale trawling vessels（拖网渔船） decades ago gradually depleted the area's fishing resources，leading to damage to marine（海洋的） life seriously.
Jesus Antonio Julio Cuestas，who serves in the region's conservation and management of marine resources，stresses the bad impact of these developments and calls for new fishing techniques."Fishing and conservation co-exist as long as we have good management practices and reasonable use of our fishing resources，"says Cuestas.He and other officials actively monitor fishing activities in Acandi.Each morning，they visit the fish markets to gather data on fishery resources-including prices and sizes-to monitor the state of the local fishing industry.
Along with Cuestas，the fishers work to reduce their impact on the marine ecosystem.By changing fishing methods and adopting new practices，they aim for a more balanced approach to fishing."This year the local fishermen have not used the trawl nets that were causing the death of the leatherback sea turtles，"explains Cuestas proudly.Changes include the efforts of boats to protect the seagrass that serves as feeding grounds for marine life and an end to fishers throwing nets where turtles lay their eggs.
This marine reserve in Acandi，Cuestas believes，is their greatest treasure.He attaches great importance to working together with local residents to improve the quality of life while preserving the marine ecosystem.By doing so，he imagines a picture where individuals from the fishing community can pursue various careers，such as engineers or lawyers，proudly stating that they are the products of the fishing tradition in Acandi.
8.What does the underlined word"depleted"in paragraph 2 mean？ ______
A. Reused. B. Restored. C. Explored. D. Reduced.
9.Why does Julio Cuestas call for new fishing techniques？ ______
A. To cut down on the costs of fishing.
B. To improve the income of local residents.
C. To promote the well-being of marine wildlife.
D. To spread traditional community fishing methods.
10.What is paragraph 4 mainly about？ ______
A. The efforts to preserve marine ecosystem.
B. The aim of the changes to fishing methods.
C. The results the trawl nets have brought about.
D. The impact of fishers on the local environment.
11.What is Julio Cuestas's attitude towards Acandi's future？ ______
A. Uncaring. B. Confident. C. Concerned. D. Doubtful.
D
Loss of slow-wave sleep as you age may increase your risk of developing dementia（痴呆），according to a new study.
"We found that aging was associated with a decline in the amount of the deepest stages of sleep，known as slow-wave sleep.We then found that people with greater declines in slow-wave sleep over time had a higher risk of getting dementia over the next 17 years of follow-up，"said Matthew Pase，senior author of the study.
Slow-wave sleep is the third and fourth stages of sleep，which is important for brain health.During this stage，the body removes unwanted or harmful materials from the brain."For the brain，this deep sleep is thought to be the most restorative，"said Dr Richard Isaacson，who wasn't involved in the study.
The researchers wanted to know whether chronic（慢性的） reductions in slow-wave sleep over time are linked to dementia risk in humans and whether dementia-related processes in the brain may contribute to getting less of this type of sleep.They studied 346 people with an average age of 69 and completed two overnight sleep studies-one between 1995 and 1998 and the second between 1998 and 2001-during which their sleep was monitored.The researchers also investigated whether any change in the amount of slow-wave sleep that participants got was associated with developing dementia up to 17 years after they completed the sleep studies.By that time，52 participants had been diagnosed with dementia.Each percentage decrease in slow-wave sleep per year was linked to a 27 percent increased risk of developing dementia.The rate of slow-wave sleep loss accelerated（加速） from age 60，peaked from ages 75 to 80 and slowed afterwards.
"This is an important study yet again showing the impact of quality of sleep on a person's risk of cognitive decline and dementia，"Isaacson said."It's important to not only pay attention to the total amount of sleep a person gets each night，but also monitor sleep quality as best as possible."
12.What can we learn from the new study？ ______
A. The older you are，the less sleep you will have.
B. Slow-wave sleep has been linked to the risk of dementia.
C. The rate of slow-wave sleep loss keeps going up with age.
D. The amount of sleep has an impact on the risk of dementia.
13.How did researchers get what they wanted？ ______
A. By making a comparison. B. By introducing a concept.
C. By referring to another study. D. By making a survey.
14.What did Dr Richard Isaacson suggest？ ______
A. We should have enough sleep.
B. Sleep quality needs more attention.
C. The elderly should sleep more than the young.
D. The amount of sleep is more important than sleep quality.
15.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear？ ______
A. Health. B. Sports. C. Education. D. Environment.
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
Dusting is particularly annoying.Nearly two-thirds of household dust content comes from the outdoors，some of which may contain harmful chemicals.So，keeping your home as dust-free as possible is important to improve overall health. （1） ______ ？
In general，you should dust your home's most exposed surfaces on a weekly basis.This means items such as tables，shelves，beds，dressers，counter-tops and windows. （2） ______ .Use microfiber or natural-fiber cloths that will pick up the dust.
Change your bed sheets weekly，as dust mites（螨）especially love bedding.（3） ______ .Every three to six months，clean behind and under furniture，and wash your bedding.
Since so much dust comes in from the outdoors，you can cut down on the amount gathering in your home by keeping doors and windows closed as often as possible，and placing carpets on both sides of doors.（4） ______ ，changing them for a pair of slippers or private house shoes.
Get rid of odds and ends，which can easily attract dust，and be careful how you handle clothes.Since clothes both collects dust and sheds（掉落）fibers，regularly wash any clothes or don't throw clothing on the ground.
When you're getting ready to clean a room，always work from the top down. （5） ______ ，the dust on the highest surfaces will drift down to everything you've just cleaned.
A.If you dust from the bottom up
B.How can we keep the home dust-free
C.Why should we keep the home dust-free
D.You can remove your shoes when you come home
E.You can buy some new shoes before you return home
F.Don't use feather dusters that simply push the dust around
G.Items that don't collect dust easily can go a month without cleaning
16.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
Everyone deserves healthy meals.However，unfortunately，not everyone has （1） ______ to fresh foods，（2） ______ those in poor communities.
A teenager named Lauren Schroeder （3） ______ this when she volunteered at a community food nonprofit.All vegetables for families in need came in cans and boxes，rather than straight from the fields. （4） ______ to make a change，Lauren set out to grow produce so she could donate it to （5） ______ families.
"I wanted people to get the nutrition they needed from fresh vegetables，"Lauren said.This （6） ______ her to start a garden on her parents' farm.While her mom was supportive，she made her （7） ______ of how much work it would take一still，the teenager （8） ______ the challenge.
To kick-start her project，Lauren got economic （9） ______ from the National FFA Organization，which （10） ______ agricultural education，to pay for seeds and gardening supplies.Then，the （11） ______ work began.Since the summers in Iowa are very hot and dry，she had to water them daily、Lauren added，"I did a lot of research online and every day，it took about two or three hours."
But all her efforts （12） ______ .Her first harvest resulted in 40 pounds of produce."It was really good to know that anyone who wanted fresh vegetables would be able to get the （13） ______ ，"Lauren said。"I knew that I wanted to keep going."
So far，she has spent over 1，000 hours working in the garden，producing 7，000 pounds of vegetables."I want to （14） ______ community members.It makes a（n）（15） ______ when you help other people out.That's what makes me happiest，"Lauren said.
21.A. invitation B. access C. admission D. ticket
22.A. especially B. actually C. obviously D. extremely
23.A. confirmed B. appreciated C. recognized D. identified
24.A. Arranging B. Determining C. Struggling D. Pretending
25.A. musical B. familiar C. unique D. low-income
26.A. recommended B. reminded C. inspired D. requested
27.A. aware B. confident C. certain D. free
28.A. took up B. looked into C. applied for D. went over
29.A. guidance B. support C. pressure D. benefit
30.A. organizes B. expects C. promotes D. demands
31.A. amazing B. specific C. professional D. tough
32.A. worked out B. paid off C. broke off D. wore out
33.A. reward B. rescue C. honour D. donation
34.A. impact B. impress C. challenge D. observe
35.A. discovery B. profit C. difference D. intention
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36.According to legend，the Yellow River flooded during the period of Emperor Yao，and the people （1） ______ （force） to leave their villages，and went to live in trees or on mountain tops.The flood （2） ______ （bring） great misfortune to the people.So Yao assigned（指派） Gun to regulate it.Gun wanted to cut off the flood with stones （3） ______ failed.Then，Shun assigned Yu，Gun's son，to continue the work.Having learned （4） ______ （he） father's lesson，Yu dredged（疏浚） new river （5） ______ （channel） as outlets，guiding water into river and river into sea.Day by day，year by year，Yu spent thirteen years （6） ______ （govern） the flood without a break.It was said that during the thirteen years，he passed his home three times，but did not enter （7） ______ his task was completed.His efforts not only solved the flood problem，but contributed to the （8） ______ （develop） of agriculture.
In the face of difficulties，we should have the wisdom （9） ______ （overcome） difficulties and the spirit of public selflessness.We also need powerful spirit and strong faith，only （10） ______ that way can we work together to deal with a variety of difficulties.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。
37.假定你是李华，你寒假准备去英国旅行。请给你的英国朋友Andy写封邮件，向他咨询旅行计划，内容包括：
（1）写信目的；
（2）咨询的内容（旅行目的地、旅行最佳时间等）；
（3）表达期待。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Andy，
Yours， Li Hua
38.Mr.Barnes was a very wealthy man who lived in the early days in the United States.It was one of his chief pleasures to walk through the countryside near his home，and as he walked，he often noticed a particularly fine group of cattle.One day he stopped to visit the rancher（牧场主） who owned the cattle and purchased a cow from him with the agreement that the cow would be delivered to his house the following day.
The next day as Mr.Barnes was out for his morning walk，he saw a young boy trying his hardest to lead the cow over to Mr.Barnes' field.The boy，who did not know Mr.Barnes，called to him，"Please sir，would you come and help me with this cow？It is so stubborn!"
Mr.Barnes readily agreed and went over to help.As they walked along together，he asked the boy，"How much do you expect to get for delivering the cow？"
"I..I don't know，"the boy said，"but I think I'll get something because the people who are buying the cow live in that house，and those people are very kind to everyone."
By now the stubborn cow was walking along nicely，so Mr.Barnes excused himself and took a path through a wooded area that led to his back door.As soon as he got into the house，he gave one of his trusted workers a fifty-dollar bill and told him to give it to the boy who was delivering the cow.After the cow had been left at the house and the boy was returning to the ranch，Mr.Barnes went out again and met the boy on the road.
"Well，how much did you get？"asked Mr.Barnes.
"Five dollars，"answered the boy.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Mr.Barnes felt surprised when hearing the answer.
The boy agreed，and they walked back to the house together.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Creative Internships（实习） in Australia with ABI | ArtBound Initiative部分Interns can work in exciting overseas locations while getting one-on-one career coaching from professionals.（实习生可以在令人兴奋的海外地区工作，同时获得专业人士一对一的职业指导。）可知根据文章，应该去Australia获得职业指导。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据The Irish Arts and Culture Program | Irish Gap Year部分Your hands-on experience goes hand in hand with day trips to galleries，museums，and castles，and at the end，you'll have the opportunity to exhibit your works at the Le Cheile Art Expo.（您的实践经验与一日游画廊，博物馆和城堡齐头并进，最后，您将有机会在Le Cheile艺术博览会上展示您的作品。）可知可以让参与者展示自己的作品爱尔兰艺术和文化项目。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据Creative Semester in France | Berridge Programs部分Price：＄16，500（价格：16500美元）以及During your time here，you will work on improving your skills which will end with a feature film or creative performance.（在此期间，你将努力提高你的技能，并以一部故事片或创意表演结束。）可知一个艺术家应该花16500美元来提高他的表演技巧。故选C。
本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了2024年四个海外艺术学习项目的相关信息。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】A、C、C、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段Lots of kids like to talk about sports，but Joseph D'Avirro talks about sports like a professional host in a show called Sliders & Curveballs（许多孩子喜欢谈论体育，但约瑟夫 达维罗谈论体育就像一个专业主持人在一个名为"滑块与曲线球"的节目中一样）可知约瑟夫的节目是关于一些体育脱口秀的。故答案为A。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第二段The D'Avirros started the broadcast after two former college roommates of Mike died，which made Mike want to spend more time with his son.（在迈克的两个前大学室友去世后，D'avirros夫妇开始了广播，这使迈克想花更多的时间陪伴他的儿子。）可知他的大学室友的死启发了迈克和他的儿子一起开始了这个节目。故答案为C。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第三段Joseph reads his questions again and again to get them in his brain well.It is a lot of work，but Joseph says it is "a lot more fun than homework".（约瑟夫一遍又一遍地阅读他的问题，以便把它们记在脑子里。虽然工作量很大，但约瑟夫说这"比家庭作业有趣多了"。）可知约瑟夫认为记问题比做作业更有趣。故答案为C。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章最后一段When asked how long he and his dad will continue doing the show，he answered，"Until my dad starts growing gray hairs."Joseph has other ambitions when he grows up-to be a sports player，a sports broadcaster or to own a basketball team.Those are big dreams，but Joseph is already living a dream：talking sports and spending time with his dad.（当被问及他和他的爸爸将继续做这个节目多久时，他回答说："直到我爸爸开始长白发。"约瑟夫长大后还有其他抱负——成为一名体育运动员、体育播音员或拥有一支篮球队。这些都是远大的梦想，但约瑟夫已经实现了梦想：谈论体育和与父亲共度时光。）可知本文主要讲述了九岁的Joseph D'Avirro和他的父亲Mike D'Avirro一起主持名为《Sliders & Curveballs》的体育节目。因此本文的最佳标题是D.The father-and-son team hosts（父子队主持）。A.A rising sports broadcaster冉冉升起的体育广播公司；B.A long road to go to success通往成功的漫长道路；C.Joseph D'Avirro's big dream约瑟夫 达维罗的大梦想；D.The father-and-son team hosts父子队主持。故答案为D。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了九岁的Joseph D'Avirro和他的父亲Mike D'Avirro一起主持名为《Sliders & Curveballs》的体育节目。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析。
8~11.【答案】D、C、A、B
【解析】（1）词义猜测题。根据文章第二段第二句However，the introduction of large-scale trawling vessels decades ago gradually depleted the area's fishing resources，leading to damage to marine life seriously.（然而，几十年前引进的大型拖网渔船逐渐耗尽了该地区的渔业资源，导致对海洋生物的严重破坏。）以及划线部分前后内容可知，划线词意为"耗尽，减少"。A.Reused重复使用；B.Restored修复；C.Explored探索；D.Reduced减少。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句话However，the introduction of large-scale trawling vessels decades ago gradually depleted the area's fishing resources，leading to damage to marine life seriously.（然而，几十年前引进的大型拖网渔船逐渐耗尽了该地区的渔业资源，导致海洋生物受到严重破坏。）及第三段中 Jesus Antonio Julio Cuestas，who serves in the region's conservation and management of marine resources，stresses the bad impact of these developments and calls for new fishing techniques."Fishing and conservation co-exist as long as we have good management practices and reasonable use of our fishing resources，"says Cuestas.（负责该地区海洋资源保护和管理的Jesus Antonio Julio Cuestas强调了这些发展的不良影响，并呼吁采用新的捕鱼技术。Cuestas说："只要我们有良好的管理措施和合理利用渔业资源，捕捞和保护就可以共存。"）可知，Julio Cuestas之所以呼吁采用新的捕鱼技术是因为他想促进海洋野生动物的健康。故选C。
（3）段落大意题。根据第四段Along with Cuestas，the fishers work to reduce their impact on the marine ecosystem.By changing fishing methods and adopting new practices，they aim for a more balanced approach to fishing."This year the local fishermen have not used the trawl nets that were causing the death of the leatherback sea turtles，"explains Cuestas proudly.Changes include the efforts of boats to protect the seagrass that serves as feeding grounds for marine life and an end to fishers throwing nets where turtles lay their eggs.（渔民们与Cuestas一起努力减少对海洋生态系统的影响。通过改变捕鱼方法和采用新的做法，他们的目标是实现更平衡的捕鱼方式。Cuestas自豪地解释说："今年，当地渔民没有使用拖网，因为拖网会导致棱皮海龟死亡。"变化包括船只努力保护海草，海草是海洋生物的觅食地，渔民不再在海龟产卵的地方撒网。）可知，第四段主要讲的是渔民们与Cuestas为保护海洋生态系统所做的努力。故选A。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段中By doing so，he imagines a picture where individuals from the fishing community can pursue various careers，such as engineers or lawyers，proudly stating that they are the products of the fishing tradition in Acandi.（通过这样做，他想象了这样一幅画面：来自渔业社区的个人可以从事各种职业，比如工程师或律师，并自豪地宣称他们是Acandi捕鱼传统的产物。）可知，Julio Cuestas对Acandi这个海洋保护区的未来是充满信心的。A.Uncaring不关心的；B.Confident自信的；C.Concerned关心的；D.Doubtful怀疑的。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了渔民们与Cuestas为了平衡生计和保护Acandi这个海洋保护区生物多样性一起所做的努力。哥伦比亚最北端的海滨小镇阿坎迪，只能通过水路或空中进入，没有通往那里的道路。居民在平衡生计和保护生物多样性方面面临挑战。过去，传统的社区捕鱼方法注重合理捕捞和资源管理，但几十年前大规模拖网船的引入逐渐耗尽了该地区的渔业资源，严重破坏了海洋生态。胡利奥 库埃斯等人积极监测阿坎迪的捕鱼活动，改变捕鱼方法，努力实现更加平衡的捕捞方式。他们重视与当地居民合作，改善生活质量的同时保护海洋生态系统。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】B、D、B、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Loss of slow-wave sleep as you age may increase your risk of developing dementia（痴呆），according to a new study.（一项新的研究表明，随着年龄的增长，慢波睡眠的丧失可能会增加患痴呆症的风险。）可知，低波睡眠与患痴呆症的风险有关。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段They studied 346 people with an average age of 69 and completed two overnight sleep studies-one between 1995 and 1998 and the second between 1998 and 2001-during which their sleep was monitored.The researchers also investigated whether any change in the amount of slow-wave sleep that participants got was associated with developing dementia up to 17 years after they completed the sleep studies.（他们研究了346名平均年龄69岁的人，完成了两项夜间睡眠研究，一项是1995年至1998年，另一项是1998年至2001年，期间对他们的睡眠进行了监测。研究人员还调查了参与者在完成睡眠研究17年后，慢波睡眠量的任何变化是否与患痴呆症有关。）可知，研究人员通过调查得到的结果。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段Isaacson said."It's important to not only pay attention to the total amount of sleep a person gets each night，but also monitor sleep quality as best as possible."（艾萨克森说："重要的是，不仅要注意一个人每晚的睡眠总量，还要尽可能地监测睡眠质量。"）可知，Richard Isaacson博士建议更多地关注睡眠质量。故选B。
（4）文章出处题。根据对全文的理解，新研究表明，随着年龄的增长，慢波睡眠的减少可能会增加患痴呆症的风险。慢波睡眠是睡眠的第三和第四阶段，对大脑健康至关重要，有助于清除大脑中的有害物质。可知，本文介绍的是睡眠和患痴呆症的影响。与健康有关。故选A。
新研究表明，随着年龄的增长，慢波睡眠的减少可能会增加患痴呆症的风险。慢波睡眠是睡眠的第三和第四阶段，对大脑健康至关重要，有助于清除大脑中的有害物质。研究人员对346名平均年龄为69岁的人进行了两次夜间睡眠研究，监测他们的睡眠情况，并发现慢波睡眠减少的人在随后的17年里患痴呆症的风险更高。每年慢波睡眠减少的百分比与患痴呆症风险增加27%相关。研究还发现，从60岁开始慢波睡眠的减少速度加快，在75至80岁之间达到峰值，之后减慢。专家强调，除了关注每晚睡眠总量外，监测睡眠质量也非常重要。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
16~20.【答案】B、F、G、D、A
【解析】（1）联系下文题。根据下文In general，you should dust your home's most exposed surfaces on a weekly basis.（一般来说，你应该每周对家里最暴露的表面进行除尘。）和Change your bed sheets weekly，as dust mites（螨）especially love bedding（每周更换床单，因为尘螨特别喜欢床上用品）可知下面讲述的是保持家里无尘的方法。因此B.How can we keep the home dust-free（我们怎样才能保持家里无尘呢）符合语境。故选B。
（2）联系下文题。根据下文Use microfiber or natural-fiber cloths that will pick up the dust.（使用超细纤维或天然纤维布来吸尘。）可知本段主要讲述了应该用什么工具除尘。因此F.Don't use feather dusters that simply push the dust around（不要使用只会推动灰尘的鸡毛掸子）符合语境。故选F。
（3）联系上文题。根据上文Change your bed sheets weekly，as dust mites（螨）especially love bedding（每周更换床单，因为尘螨特别喜欢床上用品）可知要根据物品的不同来规定除尘的时间。因此G.Items that don't collect dust easily can go a month without cleaning（不容易积灰的物品可以一个月不清洗）符合语境。故选G。
（4）联系下文题。根据下文changing them for a pair of slippers or private house shoes（把它们换成一双拖鞋或私房鞋）可知本空的意思是"回家后把鞋脱掉"。因此D.You can remove your shoes when you come home（你回家时可以脱掉鞋子）符合语境。故选D。
（5）语境衔接题。根据上文When you're getting ready to clean a room，always work from the top down（当你准备打扫房间时，一定要从上往下打扫）和下文the dust on the highest surfaces will drift down to everything you've just cleaned.（最高表面上的灰尘会飘落到你刚刚清洁过的所有物品上。）可知你不应该从下往上掸灰尘。因此A.If you dust from the bottom up（如果你从下往上掸灰尘）符合语境。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了保持家里无尘的方法。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、A、C、B、D、C、A、A、B、C、B、B、D、A、C
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.invitation邀请；B.access通道，机会；C.admission录用；D.ticket票。句意：然而，不幸的是，并不是每个人都能获得新鲜食物，尤其是在贫困社区。根据上句Everyone deserves healthy meals.（每个人都值得健康饮食。）和However表示转折，可知并不是每个人都能获得新鲜食物，access to有机会获得。故答案为B。
（2）考查副词及语境理解。A.especially尤其；B.actually事实上；C.obviously明显地；D.extremely极其。句意：然而，不幸的是，并不是每个人都能获得新鲜食物，尤其是在贫困社区。根据空后those in poor communities可知不幸的是，并不是每个人都能获得新鲜食物，尤其是在贫困社区。故答案为A。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.confirmed确认；B.appreciated欣赏；C.recognized认识；D.identified确认。句意：一位名叫劳伦 施罗德的青少年在一家社区食品非营利组织做志愿者时认识到了这一点。根据下句All vegetables for families in need came in cans and boxes，rather than straight from the fields可知所有供有需要的家庭食用的蔬菜都是罐装或盒装的，而不是直接从地里运来的。说明劳伦 施罗德在一家社区食品非营利组织做志愿者时认识到了这一点。故答案为C。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.Arranging安排；B.Determining决定；C.Struggling奋斗；D.Pretending假装。句意：劳伦决心做出改变，开始种植农产品，以便捐赠给低收入家庭。根据下句Lauren set out to grow produce so she could donate it to （5）families可知劳伦开始种植农产品，以便捐赠给低收入家庭。说明她决心做出改变，故答案为B。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.musical音乐的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.unique独特的；D.low-income低收入的。句意：劳伦决心做出改变，开始种植农产品，以便捐赠给低收入家庭。根据前文However，unfortunately，not everyone has （1）to fresh foods，（2）those in poor communities可知然而，不幸的是，并不是每个人都能获得新鲜食物，尤其是在贫困社区。说明劳伦开始种植农产品，以便捐赠给低收入家庭。故答案为D。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.recommended推荐；B.reminded提醒；C.inspired激励，激发；D.requested要求。句意：这激发了她在父母的农场上开辟花园的灵感。根据空后her to start a garden on her parents' farm可知这激发了她在父母的农场上开辟花园的灵感。故答案为C。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.aware意识到的；B.confident自信的；C.certain一定的；D.free自由的。句意：虽然她妈妈支持她，但她让她意识到需要做多少工作---尽管如此，这名少年还是接受了挑战。根据下句still，the teenager （8）the challenge可知尽管如此，这名少年还是接受了挑战。说明她意识到了需要做多少工作。故答案为A。
（8）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.took up开始从事；B.looked into调查；C.applied for申请；D.went over复习。句意：虽然她妈妈支持她，但她让她意识到需要做多少工作---尽管如此，这名少年还是接受了挑战。根据下句To kick-start her project，Lauren got economic （9）from the National FFA Organization，which （10）agricultural education，to pay for seeds and gardening supplies.可知为了启动她的项目，劳伦得到了促进农业教育的国家FFA组织的经济支持，以支付种子和园艺用品的费用。说明她接受了挑战。故答案为A。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.guidance指导；B.support支持；C.pressure压力；D.benefit好处。句意：为了启动她的项目，劳伦得到了促进农业教育的国家FFA组织的经济支持，以支付种子和园艺用品的费用。根据空后pay for seeds and gardening supplies.可知劳伦得到了促进农业教育的国家FFA组织的经济支持，以支付种子和园艺用品的费用。故答案为B。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.organizes组织；B.expects期盼；C.promotes提升；D.demands要求。句意：为了启动她的项目，劳伦得到了促进农业教育的国家FFA组织的经济支持，以支付种子和园艺用品的费用。根据空后agricultural education可知国家FFA组织的目的是促进农业教育。故答案为C。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.amazing令人惊讶的；B.specific具体的；C.professional专业的；D.tough艰难的。句意：然后，具体工作开始了。根据下句Since the summers in Iowa are very hot and dry，she had to water them daily可知由于爱荷华州的夏天非常炎热干燥，她不得不每天浇水。说明具体工作开始了。故答案为B。
（12）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.worked out解出；B.paid off得到回报；C.broke off断开；D.wore out穿破。句意：但她所有的努力都得到了回报。根据下句Her first harvest resulted in 40 pounds of produce可知她的第一次收获了40磅农产品。说明她的努力得到了回报。故答案为B。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.reward奖励；B.rescue拯救；C.honour荣誉；D.donation捐赠。句意：劳伦说："知道任何想要新鲜蔬菜的人都可以得到捐赠真是太好了。根据前文（4）to make a change，Lauren set out to grow produce so she could donate it to （5）families.可知劳伦决心做出改变，开始种植农产品，以便捐赠给低收入家庭。说明她把新鲜蔬菜捐赠给了需要的人。故答案为D。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.impact影响；B.impress留下印象；C.challenge挑战；D.observe观察。句意："我想影响社区成员。当你帮助别人时，情况就不一样了。这是让我最开心的事情，"劳伦说。根据空后community members可知她影响社区成员。故答案为A。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.discovery发现；B.profit利益；C.difference不同；D.intention打算。句意："我想影响社区成员。当你帮助别人时，情况就不一样了。这是让我最开心的事情，"劳伦说。make a difference发生变化。故答案为C。
本文是一篇记叙文。短文讲述了一个名叫劳伦 施罗德的青少年在社区食品非营利组织志愿服务时发现贫困社区的人们无法获得新鲜食物的问题。因此，她决定在父母的农场上种植蔬菜，并捐赠给需要的家庭。她从国家FFA组织获得经济支持，开始了她的种植项目。尽管工作艰巨，但她的努力最终收获了40磅的蔬菜。到目前为止，她已经在花园里工作了超过1000小时，生产了7000磅的蔬菜，她表示帮助社区成员让她感到最快乐。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】were forced
【小题2】brought
【小题3】but
【小题4】his
【小题5】channels
【小题6】governing
【小题7】until
【小题8】development
【小题9】to overcome
【小题10】in
【解析】（1）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据传说，在尧帝时期，黄河泛滥，人们被迫离开他们的村庄，去住在树上或山顶上。根据According to legend可知，要用一般过去时，people与force之间是动宾关系，要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语people是集合名词，be动词用were。故填were forced。
（2）考查动词时态。句意：洪水给人们带来了巨大的不幸。因讲述的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时。故填brought。
（3）考查连词。句意：鲧想用石头把洪水截断，但失败了。根据句意可知，上下文之间是转折关系，要用连词but连接。故填but。
（4）考查形容词性物主代词。句意：他吸取了父亲的教训，疏通了新的河道作为出口，引水入江，引水入海。father's lesson是名词短语，要用形容词性物主代词his修饰作定语。故填his。
（5）考查可数名词复数。句意：他吸取了父亲的教训，疏通了新的河道作为出口，引水入江，引水入海。channel是可数名词，根据outlets可知，要用复数形式。故填channels。
（6）考查动名词。句意：禹日复一日，年复一年，连续治水十三年。spend time/money （in） doing sth.意为"花费时间（金钱）做某事"，其中in可以省略。故填governing。
（7）考查连词。句意：据说，在十三年的时间里，他三次经过他的家，但直到他的任务完成才进入。not until"直到……才"，是连词词组。故填until。
（8）考查不可数名词。句意：他的努力不仅解决了洪水问题，而且促进了农业的发展。contribute to"有助于"，to是介词，后接名词作宾语，development是不可数名词。故填development。
（9）考查动词不定式。句意：在困难面前，我们要有战胜困难的智慧和大公无私的精神。wisdom后接动词不定式作后置定语。故填to overcome。
（10）考查介词。句意：我们还需要强大的精神和坚定的信念，只有这样，我们才能共同应对各种困难。in that way"那样，用那种方法"，是介词短语。故填in。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述大禹治水。禹吸取了鲧的教训，改用疏导的方法治水，让洪水顺河道流向大海。传说他在外治水13年，三次经过家门都没有抽时间进去看看。最后，禹终于制服了水患。
在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。要做好语法填空题，理解短文是解题的前提，扎实的词汇、句型和语法知识是基础，英语国家的背景知识是必要的补充。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境。
37.【答案】Dear Andy，
How's everything going？These days I'm considering a brief trip to London in the coming winter holidays.The following is my expectation and I badly need your advice. （写信目的）
First，would you please tell me the route that I should take and which place I should visit. 【高分句型一】I have heard that there are many places of interest in London.So I want to enjoy as many as possible.What's the most important is the best time when I should set out.【高分句型二】（咨询的内容）
I will appreciate it if you can give me some suggestions.Looking forward to hearing from you soon. （表达期待）
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：First，would you please tell me the route that I should take and which place I should visit.
译文：首先，你能告诉我该走哪条路，该去哪个地方吗。
分析：这句话使用了that引导的限制性定语从句，which引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：What's the most important is the best time when I should set out.
译文：最重要的是我应该出发的最佳时间。
分析：这句话使用了what引导的主语从句，when引导的限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】Mr.Barnes felt surprised when hearing the answer. "Only five dollars？You must have gotten more than that，" Mr.Barnes said with certainty. "No，that's what I was given，and that was plenty，don't you think？【高分句型一】" answered the boy with a happy smile and a little doubt. "No，I'm surprised it wasn't more，" said Mr.Barnes. "I know Mr.Barnes well and he will give much more than five dollars.I believe that if you come back with me，you'll get more than five dollars."（描写了Barnes先生提出让小男孩一起回到房子里）
The boy agreed，and they walked back to the house together. When they went in，Mr.Barnes called his workers and asked the boy to tell him who had given him the five dollars. "It was him，" the boy said，pointing to one of the workers.When the man realized that his dishonesty had been discovered，he admitted it and felt embarrassed. 【高分句型二】Mr.Barnes demanded that he give the fifty dollars to the boy immediately.And he said to the man， "Your dishonesty has cost you your job and your good name.I hope you soon learn that dishonesty is not only very foolish but a terrible mistake." And Mr.Barnes fired him on the spot.（描写了Barnes先生惩罚了那位不诚实的工人并让他归还小男孩50美元）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Barnes先生购买牛的过程中发生的一系列事件，包括他如何帮助一个小男孩，以及后来如何处理一个工人的不诚实行为。
高分句型一：No，that's what I was given，and that was plenty，don't you think？
翻译：不，那是给我的，而且够多了，你不觉得吗？
分析：本句运用了what引导的表语从句。
高分句型二：When the man realized that his dishonesty had been discovered，he admitted it and felt embarrassed.
翻译：当这个人意识到他的不诚实被发现时，他承认了，感到很尴尬。
分析：本句运用了when引导的时间状语从句和that引导的宾语从句。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
第1页，共1页
一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Four Art Study Abroad Programs in 2024
Whether you love art history，dance，photography，writing，or beyond，here are the top art programs to attend in 2024.
The 6-week Gap Year Course in Italy | Art History Abroad
Program length：6 weeks in summer
Price：＄10，000
If you're interested in studying artists，criticism，and painting techniques during periods like the Renaissance and styles like baroque，Romanesque，and modern art，then this program is for you.It prides itself on not simply teaching art but also culture and an appreciation of beauty.
Creative Internships（实习） in Australia with ABI | ArtBound Initiative
Program length：1 month
Price：＄3，250
If you've ever had an interest in pursuing a career in the creative industry，consider an internship opportunity with ArtBound Initiative.Interns can work in exciting overseas locations while getting one-on-one career coaching from professionals.
The Irish Arts and Culture Program | Irish Gap Year
Program length：I semester
Price：＄17，000
Explore your own areas of interest as you work side by side with local Irish artists，photographers，writers，and musicians，learning about Ireland's rich cultural and artistic heritage.Your hands-on experience goes hand in hand with day trips to galleries，museums，and castles，and at the end，you'll have the opportunity to exhibit your works at the Le Cheile Art Expo.
Creative Semester in France | Berridge Programs
Program length：1 semester
Price：＄16，500
Whether you're a complete beginner or an experienced performer or artist，your interests and talents will be nurtured by industry professionals.During your time here，you will work on improving your skills which will end with a feature film or creative performance.
1.Where should you go to obtain career guidance according to the text？ ______
A. France. B. Australia. C. Italy. D. Ireland.
2.Which program enables participants to display their works？ ______
A. The 6-week Gap Year Course in Italy.
B. Creative Internships in Australia with ABI.
C. The Irish Arts and Culture Program.
D. Creative Semester in France.
3.How much should an artist pay to improve his performing skills？ ______
A. ＄3，250. B. ＄10，000. C. ＄16，500. D. ＄17，000.
B
Lots of kids like to talk about sports，but Joseph D'Avirro talks about sports like a professional host in a show called Sliders & Curveballs.The 9-year-old from Newington，Connecticut is a natural at sports talk and has been broadcasting the show-which is about baseball，basketball and other sports-with his dad，Mike D'Avirro，since September 2019.
The D'Avirros started the broadcast after two former college roommates of Mike died，which made Mike want to spend more time with his son.Then the idea came to him.So far，they have done about 50 programs.Joseph's favorite is when the father-and-son team interviewed Jim Calhoun，the coach leading the Connecticut Huskies to three national titles.They have also interviewed important sports authors.
The father and son make about one 30-to 40-minute podcast each month.They prepare for the podcasts by deciding on the questions they want to ask the guest.Joseph asks half of the questions，and Mike handles the other half.Joseph reads his questions again and again to get them in his brain well.It is a lot of work，but Joseph says it is "a lot more fun than homework".Joseph has also learned to speak up and speak clearly.He has to listen and to go with the flow of the conversation.For example，he said，"If the guest is talking about sports in the1990s，you have to think about sports in the 1990s."
When asked how long he and his dad will continue doing the show，he answered，"Until my dad starts growing gray hairs."Joseph has other ambitions when he grows up-to be a sports player，a sports broadcaster or to own a basketball team.Those are big dreams，but Joseph is already living a dream：talking sports and spending time with his dad.
4.What is Joseph's show about？ ______
A. Some talk shows on sports.
B. Ways to get along with parents.
C. Stories about famous sports players.
D. Sports that his family loves playing.
5.What inspired Mike to start the show with his son？ ______
A. His son's talent for sports.
B. His wish to be a host since college.
C. The deaths of his college roommates.
D. The encouragement from his roommates.
6.What does Joseph think of memorizing his questions？ ______
A. It's as boring as homework.
B. It's challenging to his brain.
C. It's more interesting than homework.
D. It takes a lot of time but means a lot.
7.What is the best title for the text？ ______
A. A rising sports broadcaster B. A long road to go to success
C. Joseph D'Avirro's big dream D. The father-and-son team hosts
C
In the northernmost edge of Colombia sits the coastal town of Acandi.Access to the town is only by water or air；there is no road that leads there.The residents there are faced with the struggles of balancing livelihoods while protecting biodiversity.
In the past，traditional community fishing methods，passed down by the elders，focused on the reasonable fishing and management of resources.However，the introduction of large-scale trawling vessels（拖网渔船） decades ago gradually depleted the area's fishing resources，leading to damage to marine（海洋的） life seriously.
Jesus Antonio Julio Cuestas，who serves in the region's conservation and management of marine resources，stresses the bad impact of these developments and calls for new fishing techniques."Fishing and conservation co-exist as long as we have good management practices and reasonable use of our fishing resources，"says Cuestas.He and other officials actively monitor fishing activities in Acandi.Each morning，they visit the fish markets to gather data on fishery resources-including prices and sizes-to monitor the state of the local fishing industry.
Along with Cuestas，the fishers work to reduce their impact on the marine ecosystem.By changing fishing methods and adopting new practices，they aim for a more balanced approach to fishing."This year the local fishermen have not used the trawl nets that were causing the death of the leatherback sea turtles，"explains Cuestas proudly.Changes include the efforts of boats to protect the seagrass that serves as feeding grounds for marine life and an end to fishers throwing nets where turtles lay their eggs.
This marine reserve in Acandi，Cuestas believes，is their greatest treasure.He attaches great importance to working together with local residents to improve the quality of life while preserving the marine ecosystem.By doing so，he imagines a picture where individuals from the fishing community can pursue various careers，such as engineers or lawyers，proudly stating that they are the products of the fishing tradition in Acandi.
8.What does the underlined word"depleted"in paragraph 2 mean？ ______
A. Reused. B. Restored. C. Explored. D. Reduced.
9.Why does Julio Cuestas call for new fishing techniques？ ______
A. To cut down on the costs of fishing.
B. To improve the income of local residents.
C. To promote the well-being of marine wildlife.
D. To spread traditional community fishing methods.
10.What is paragraph 4 mainly about？ ______
A. The efforts to preserve marine ecosystem.
B. The aim of the changes to fishing methods.
C. The results the trawl nets have brought about.
D. The impact of fishers on the local environment.
11.What is Julio Cuestas's attitude towards Acandi's future？ ______
A. Uncaring. B. Confident. C. Concerned. D. Doubtful.
D
Loss of slow-wave sleep as you age may increase your risk of developing dementia（痴呆），according to a new study.
"We found that aging was associated with a decline in the amount of the deepest stages of sleep，known as slow-wave sleep.We then found that people with greater declines in slow-wave sleep over time had a higher risk of getting dementia over the next 17 years of follow-up，"said Matthew Pase，senior author of the study.
Slow-wave sleep is the third and fourth stages of sleep，which is important for brain health.During this stage，the body removes unwanted or harmful materials from the brain."For the brain，this deep sleep is thought to be the most restorative，"said Dr Richard Isaacson，who wasn't involved in the study.
The researchers wanted to know whether chronic（慢性的） reductions in slow-wave sleep over time are linked to dementia risk in humans and whether dementia-related processes in the brain may contribute to getting less of this type of sleep.They studied 346 people with an average age of 69 and completed two overnight sleep studies-one between 1995 and 1998 and the second between 1998 and 2001-during which their sleep was monitored.The researchers also investigated whether any change in the amount of slow-wave sleep that participants got was associated with developing dementia up to 17 years after they completed the sleep studies.By that time，52 participants had been diagnosed with dementia.Each percentage decrease in slow-wave sleep per year was linked to a 27 percent increased risk of developing dementia.The rate of slow-wave sleep loss accelerated（加速） from age 60，peaked from ages 75 to 80 and slowed afterwards.
"This is an important study yet again showing the impact of quality of sleep on a person's risk of cognitive decline and dementia，"Isaacson said."It's important to not only pay attention to the total amount of sleep a person gets each night，but also monitor sleep quality as best as possible."
12.What can we learn from the new study？ ______
A. The older you are，the less sleep you will have.
B. Slow-wave sleep has been linked to the risk of dementia.
C. The rate of slow-wave sleep loss keeps going up with age.
D. The amount of sleep has an impact on the risk of dementia.
13.How did researchers get what they wanted？ ______
A. By making a comparison. B. By introducing a concept.
C. By referring to another study. D. By making a survey.
14.What did Dr Richard Isaacson suggest？ ______
A. We should have enough sleep.
B. Sleep quality needs more attention.
C. The elderly should sleep more than the young.
D. The amount of sleep is more important than sleep quality.
15.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear？ ______
A. Health. B. Sports. C. Education. D. Environment.
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
Dusting is particularly annoying.Nearly two-thirds of household dust content comes from the outdoors，some of which may contain harmful chemicals.So，keeping your home as dust-free as possible is important to improve overall health. （1） ______ ？
In general，you should dust your home's most exposed surfaces on a weekly basis.This means items such as tables，shelves，beds，dressers，counter-tops and windows. （2） ______ .Use microfiber or natural-fiber cloths that will pick up the dust.
Change your bed sheets weekly，as dust mites（螨）especially love bedding.（3） ______ .Every three to six months，clean behind and under furniture，and wash your bedding.
Since so much dust comes in from the outdoors，you can cut down on the amount gathering in your home by keeping doors and windows closed as often as possible，and placing carpets on both sides of doors.（4） ______ ，changing them for a pair of slippers or private house shoes.
Get rid of odds and ends，which can easily attract dust，and be careful how you handle clothes.Since clothes both collects dust and sheds（掉落）fibers，regularly wash any clothes or don't throw clothing on the ground.
When you're getting ready to clean a room，always work from the top down. （5） ______ ，the dust on the highest surfaces will drift down to everything you've just cleaned.
A.If you dust from the bottom up
B.How can we keep the home dust-free
C.Why should we keep the home dust-free
D.You can remove your shoes when you come home
E.You can buy some new shoes before you return home
F.Don't use feather dusters that simply push the dust around
G.Items that don't collect dust easily can go a month without cleaning
16.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
Everyone deserves healthy meals.However，unfortunately，not everyone has （1） ______ to fresh foods，（2） ______ those in poor communities.
A teenager named Lauren Schroeder （3） ______ this when she volunteered at a community food nonprofit.All vegetables for families in need came in cans and boxes，rather than straight from the fields. （4） ______ to make a change，Lauren set out to grow produce so she could donate it to （5） ______ families.
"I wanted people to get the nutrition they needed from fresh vegetables，"Lauren said.This （6） ______ her to start a garden on her parents' farm.While her mom was supportive，she made her （7） ______ of how much work it would take一still，the teenager （8） ______ the challenge.
To kick-start her project，Lauren got economic （9） ______ from the National FFA Organization，which （10） ______ agricultural education，to pay for seeds and gardening supplies.Then，the （11） ______ work began.Since the summers in Iowa are very hot and dry，she had to water them daily、Lauren added，"I did a lot of research online and every day，it took about two or three hours."
But all her efforts （12） ______ .Her first harvest resulted in 40 pounds of produce."It was really good to know that anyone who wanted fresh vegetables would be able to get the （13） ______ ，"Lauren said。"I knew that I wanted to keep going."
So far，she has spent over 1，000 hours working in the garden，producing 7，000 pounds of vegetables."I want to （14） ______ community members.It makes a（n）（15） ______ when you help other people out.That's what makes me happiest，"Lauren said.
21.A. invitation B. access C. admission D. ticket
22.A. especially B. actually C. obviously D. extremely
23.A. confirmed B. appreciated C. recognized D. identified
24.A. Arranging B. Determining C. Struggling D. Pretending
25.A. musical B. familiar C. unique D. low-income
26.A. recommended B. reminded C. inspired D. requested
27.A. aware B. confident C. certain D. free
28.A. took up B. looked into C. applied for D. went over
29.A. guidance B. support C. pressure D. benefit
30.A. organizes B. expects C. promotes D. demands
31.A. amazing B. specific C. professional D. tough
32.A. worked out B. paid off C. broke off D. wore out
33.A. reward B. rescue C. honour D. donation
34.A. impact B. impress C. challenge D. observe
35.A. discovery B. profit C. difference D. intention
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36.According to legend，the Yellow River flooded during the period of Emperor Yao，and the people （1） ______ （force） to leave their villages，and went to live in trees or on mountain tops.The flood （2） ______ （bring） great misfortune to the people.So Yao assigned（指派） Gun to regulate it.Gun wanted to cut off the flood with stones （3） ______ failed.Then，Shun assigned Yu，Gun's son，to continue the work.Having learned （4） ______ （he） father's lesson，Yu dredged（疏浚） new river （5） ______ （channel） as outlets，guiding water into river and river into sea.Day by day，year by year，Yu spent thirteen years （6） ______ （govern） the flood without a break.It was said that during the thirteen years，he passed his home three times，but did not enter （7） ______ his task was completed.His efforts not only solved the flood problem，but contributed to the （8） ______ （develop） of agriculture.
In the face of difficulties，we should have the wisdom （9） ______ （overcome） difficulties and the spirit of public selflessness.We also need powerful spirit and strong faith，only （10） ______ that way can we work together to deal with a variety of difficulties.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。
37.假定你是李华，你寒假准备去英国旅行。请给你的英国朋友Andy写封邮件，向他咨询旅行计划，内容包括：
（1）写信目的；
（2）咨询的内容（旅行目的地、旅行最佳时间等）；
（3）表达期待。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Andy，
Yours， Li Hua
38.Mr.Barnes was a very wealthy man who lived in the early days in the United States.It was one of his chief pleasures to walk through the countryside near his home，and as he walked，he often noticed a particularly fine group of cattle.One day he stopped to visit the rancher（牧场主） who owned the cattle and purchased a cow from him with the agreement that the cow would be delivered to his house the following day.
The next day as Mr.Barnes was out for his morning walk，he saw a young boy trying his hardest to lead the cow over to Mr.Barnes' field.The boy，who did not know Mr.Barnes，called to him，"Please sir，would you come and help me with this cow？It is so stubborn!"
Mr.Barnes readily agreed and went over to help.As they walked along together，he asked the boy，"How much do you expect to get for delivering the cow？"
"I..I don't know，"the boy said，"but I think I'll get something because the people who are buying the cow live in that house，and those people are very kind to everyone."
By now the stubborn cow was walking along nicely，so Mr.Barnes excused himself and took a path through a wooded area that led to his back door.As soon as he got into the house，he gave one of his trusted workers a fifty-dollar bill and told him to give it to the boy who was delivering the cow.After the cow had been left at the house and the boy was returning to the ranch，Mr.Barnes went out again and met the boy on the road.
"Well，how much did you get？"asked Mr.Barnes.
"Five dollars，"answered the boy.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Mr.Barnes felt surprised when hearing the answer.
The boy agreed，and they walked back to the house together.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Creative Internships（实习） in Australia with ABI | ArtBound Initiative部分Interns can work in exciting overseas locations while getting one-on-one career coaching from professionals.（实习生可以在令人兴奋的海外地区工作，同时获得专业人士一对一的职业指导。）可知根据文章，应该去Australia获得职业指导。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据The Irish Arts and Culture Program | Irish Gap Year部分Your hands-on experience goes hand in hand with day trips to galleries，museums，and castles，and at the end，you'll have the opportunity to exhibit your works at the Le Cheile Art Expo.（您的实践经验与一日游画廊，博物馆和城堡齐头并进，最后，您将有机会在Le Cheile艺术博览会上展示您的作品。）可知可以让参与者展示自己的作品爱尔兰艺术和文化项目。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据Creative Semester in France | Berridge Programs部分Price：＄16，500（价格：16500美元）以及During your time here，you will work on improving your skills which will end with a feature film or creative performance.（在此期间，你将努力提高你的技能，并以一部故事片或创意表演结束。）可知一个艺术家应该花16500美元来提高他的表演技巧。故选C。
本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了2024年四个海外艺术学习项目的相关信息。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】A、C、C、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段Lots of kids like to talk about sports，but Joseph D'Avirro talks about sports like a professional host in a show called Sliders & Curveballs（许多孩子喜欢谈论体育，但约瑟夫 达维罗谈论体育就像一个专业主持人在一个名为"滑块与曲线球"的节目中一样）可知约瑟夫的节目是关于一些体育脱口秀的。故答案为A。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第二段The D'Avirros started the broadcast after two former college roommates of Mike died，which made Mike want to spend more time with his son.（在迈克的两个前大学室友去世后，D'avirros夫妇开始了广播，这使迈克想花更多的时间陪伴他的儿子。）可知他的大学室友的死启发了迈克和他的儿子一起开始了这个节目。故答案为C。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章第三段Joseph reads his questions again and again to get them in his brain well.It is a lot of work，but Joseph says it is "a lot more fun than homework".（约瑟夫一遍又一遍地阅读他的问题，以便把它们记在脑子里。虽然工作量很大，但约瑟夫说这"比家庭作业有趣多了"。）可知约瑟夫认为记问题比做作业更有趣。故答案为C。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章最后一段When asked how long he and his dad will continue doing the show，he answered，"Until my dad starts growing gray hairs."Joseph has other ambitions when he grows up-to be a sports player，a sports broadcaster or to own a basketball team.Those are big dreams，but Joseph is already living a dream：talking sports and spending time with his dad.（当被问及他和他的爸爸将继续做这个节目多久时，他回答说："直到我爸爸开始长白发。"约瑟夫长大后还有其他抱负——成为一名体育运动员、体育播音员或拥有一支篮球队。这些都是远大的梦想，但约瑟夫已经实现了梦想：谈论体育和与父亲共度时光。）可知本文主要讲述了九岁的Joseph D'Avirro和他的父亲Mike D'Avirro一起主持名为《Sliders & Curveballs》的体育节目。因此本文的最佳标题是D.The father-and-son team hosts（父子队主持）。A.A rising sports broadcaster冉冉升起的体育广播公司；B.A long road to go to success通往成功的漫长道路；C.Joseph D'Avirro's big dream约瑟夫 达维罗的大梦想；D.The father-and-son team hosts父子队主持。故答案为D。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了九岁的Joseph D'Avirro和他的父亲Mike D'Avirro一起主持名为《Sliders & Curveballs》的体育节目。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析。
8~11.【答案】D、C、A、B
【解析】（1）词义猜测题。根据文章第二段第二句However，the introduction of large-scale trawling vessels decades ago gradually depleted the area's fishing resources，leading to damage to marine life seriously.（然而，几十年前引进的大型拖网渔船逐渐耗尽了该地区的渔业资源，导致对海洋生物的严重破坏。）以及划线部分前后内容可知，划线词意为"耗尽，减少"。A.Reused重复使用；B.Restored修复；C.Explored探索；D.Reduced减少。故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句话However，the introduction of large-scale trawling vessels decades ago gradually depleted the area's fishing resources，leading to damage to marine life seriously.（然而，几十年前引进的大型拖网渔船逐渐耗尽了该地区的渔业资源，导致海洋生物受到严重破坏。）及第三段中 Jesus Antonio Julio Cuestas，who serves in the region's conservation and management of marine resources，stresses the bad impact of these developments and calls for new fishing techniques."Fishing and conservation co-exist as long as we have good management practices and reasonable use of our fishing resources，"says Cuestas.（负责该地区海洋资源保护和管理的Jesus Antonio Julio Cuestas强调了这些发展的不良影响，并呼吁采用新的捕鱼技术。Cuestas说："只要我们有良好的管理措施和合理利用渔业资源，捕捞和保护就可以共存。"）可知，Julio Cuestas之所以呼吁采用新的捕鱼技术是因为他想促进海洋野生动物的健康。故选C。
（3）段落大意题。根据第四段Along with Cuestas，the fishers work to reduce their impact on the marine ecosystem.By changing fishing methods and adopting new practices，they aim for a more balanced approach to fishing."This year the local fishermen have not used the trawl nets that were causing the death of the leatherback sea turtles，"explains Cuestas proudly.Changes include the efforts of boats to protect the seagrass that serves as feeding grounds for marine life and an end to fishers throwing nets where turtles lay their eggs.（渔民们与Cuestas一起努力减少对海洋生态系统的影响。通过改变捕鱼方法和采用新的做法，他们的目标是实现更平衡的捕鱼方式。Cuestas自豪地解释说："今年，当地渔民没有使用拖网，因为拖网会导致棱皮海龟死亡。"变化包括船只努力保护海草，海草是海洋生物的觅食地，渔民不再在海龟产卵的地方撒网。）可知，第四段主要讲的是渔民们与Cuestas为保护海洋生态系统所做的努力。故选A。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段中By doing so，he imagines a picture where individuals from the fishing community can pursue various careers，such as engineers or lawyers，proudly stating that they are the products of the fishing tradition in Acandi.（通过这样做，他想象了这样一幅画面：来自渔业社区的个人可以从事各种职业，比如工程师或律师，并自豪地宣称他们是Acandi捕鱼传统的产物。）可知，Julio Cuestas对Acandi这个海洋保护区的未来是充满信心的。A.Uncaring不关心的；B.Confident自信的；C.Concerned关心的；D.Doubtful怀疑的。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了渔民们与Cuestas为了平衡生计和保护Acandi这个海洋保护区生物多样性一起所做的努力。哥伦比亚最北端的海滨小镇阿坎迪，只能通过水路或空中进入，没有通往那里的道路。居民在平衡生计和保护生物多样性方面面临挑战。过去，传统的社区捕鱼方法注重合理捕捞和资源管理，但几十年前大规模拖网船的引入逐渐耗尽了该地区的渔业资源，严重破坏了海洋生态。胡利奥 库埃斯等人积极监测阿坎迪的捕鱼活动，改变捕鱼方法，努力实现更加平衡的捕捞方式。他们重视与当地居民合作，改善生活质量的同时保护海洋生态系统。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
12~15.【答案】B、D、B、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Loss of slow-wave sleep as you age may increase your risk of developing dementia（痴呆），according to a new study.（一项新的研究表明，随着年龄的增长，慢波睡眠的丧失可能会增加患痴呆症的风险。）可知，低波睡眠与患痴呆症的风险有关。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段They studied 346 people with an average age of 69 and completed two overnight sleep studies-one between 1995 and 1998 and the second between 1998 and 2001-during which their sleep was monitored.The researchers also investigated whether any change in the amount of slow-wave sleep that participants got was associated with developing dementia up to 17 years after they completed the sleep studies.（他们研究了346名平均年龄69岁的人，完成了两项夜间睡眠研究，一项是1995年至1998年，另一项是1998年至2001年，期间对他们的睡眠进行了监测。研究人员还调查了参与者在完成睡眠研究17年后，慢波睡眠量的任何变化是否与患痴呆症有关。）可知，研究人员通过调查得到的结果。故选D。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段Isaacson said."It's important to not only pay attention to the total amount of sleep a person gets each night，but also monitor sleep quality as best as possible."（艾萨克森说："重要的是，不仅要注意一个人每晚的睡眠总量，还要尽可能地监测睡眠质量。"）可知，Richard Isaacson博士建议更多地关注睡眠质量。故选B。
（4）文章出处题。根据对全文的理解，新研究表明，随着年龄的增长，慢波睡眠的减少可能会增加患痴呆症的风险。慢波睡眠是睡眠的第三和第四阶段，对大脑健康至关重要，有助于清除大脑中的有害物质。可知，本文介绍的是睡眠和患痴呆症的影响。与健康有关。故选A。
新研究表明，随着年龄的增长，慢波睡眠的减少可能会增加患痴呆症的风险。慢波睡眠是睡眠的第三和第四阶段，对大脑健康至关重要，有助于清除大脑中的有害物质。研究人员对346名平均年龄为69岁的人进行了两次夜间睡眠研究，监测他们的睡眠情况，并发现慢波睡眠减少的人在随后的17年里患痴呆症的风险更高。每年慢波睡眠减少的百分比与患痴呆症风险增加27%相关。研究还发现，从60岁开始慢波睡眠的减少速度加快，在75至80岁之间达到峰值，之后减慢。专家强调，除了关注每晚睡眠总量外，监测睡眠质量也非常重要。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
16~20.【答案】B、F、G、D、A
【解析】（1）联系下文题。根据下文In general，you should dust your home's most exposed surfaces on a weekly basis.（一般来说，你应该每周对家里最暴露的表面进行除尘。）和Change your bed sheets weekly，as dust mites（螨）especially love bedding（每周更换床单，因为尘螨特别喜欢床上用品）可知下面讲述的是保持家里无尘的方法。因此B.How can we keep the home dust-free（我们怎样才能保持家里无尘呢）符合语境。故选B。
（2）联系下文题。根据下文Use microfiber or natural-fiber cloths that will pick up the dust.（使用超细纤维或天然纤维布来吸尘。）可知本段主要讲述了应该用什么工具除尘。因此F.Don't use feather dusters that simply push the dust around（不要使用只会推动灰尘的鸡毛掸子）符合语境。故选F。
（3）联系上文题。根据上文Change your bed sheets weekly，as dust mites（螨）especially love bedding（每周更换床单，因为尘螨特别喜欢床上用品）可知要根据物品的不同来规定除尘的时间。因此G.Items that don't collect dust easily can go a month without cleaning（不容易积灰的物品可以一个月不清洗）符合语境。故选G。
（4）联系下文题。根据下文changing them for a pair of slippers or private house shoes（把它们换成一双拖鞋或私房鞋）可知本空的意思是"回家后把鞋脱掉"。因此D.You can remove your shoes when you come home（你回家时可以脱掉鞋子）符合语境。故选D。
（5）语境衔接题。根据上文When you're getting ready to clean a room，always work from the top down（当你准备打扫房间时，一定要从上往下打扫）和下文the dust on the highest surfaces will drift down to everything you've just cleaned.（最高表面上的灰尘会飘落到你刚刚清洁过的所有物品上。）可知你不应该从下往上掸灰尘。因此A.If you dust from the bottom up（如果你从下往上掸灰尘）符合语境。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了保持家里无尘的方法。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、A、C、B、D、C、A、A、B、C、B、B、D、A、C
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.invitation邀请；B.access通道，机会；C.admission录用；D.ticket票。句意：然而，不幸的是，并不是每个人都能获得新鲜食物，尤其是在贫困社区。根据上句Everyone deserves healthy meals.（每个人都值得健康饮食。）和However表示转折，可知并不是每个人都能获得新鲜食物，access to有机会获得。故答案为B。
（2）考查副词及语境理解。A.especially尤其；B.actually事实上；C.obviously明显地；D.extremely极其。句意：然而，不幸的是，并不是每个人都能获得新鲜食物，尤其是在贫困社区。根据空后those in poor communities可知不幸的是，并不是每个人都能获得新鲜食物，尤其是在贫困社区。故答案为A。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.confirmed确认；B.appreciated欣赏；C.recognized认识；D.identified确认。句意：一位名叫劳伦 施罗德的青少年在一家社区食品非营利组织做志愿者时认识到了这一点。根据下句All vegetables for families in need came in cans and boxes，rather than straight from the fields可知所有供有需要的家庭食用的蔬菜都是罐装或盒装的，而不是直接从地里运来的。说明劳伦 施罗德在一家社区食品非营利组织做志愿者时认识到了这一点。故答案为C。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.Arranging安排；B.Determining决定；C.Struggling奋斗；D.Pretending假装。句意：劳伦决心做出改变，开始种植农产品，以便捐赠给低收入家庭。根据下句Lauren set out to grow produce so she could donate it to （5）families可知劳伦开始种植农产品，以便捐赠给低收入家庭。说明她决心做出改变，故答案为B。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.musical音乐的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.unique独特的；D.low-income低收入的。句意：劳伦决心做出改变，开始种植农产品，以便捐赠给低收入家庭。根据前文However，unfortunately，not everyone has （1）to fresh foods，（2）those in poor communities可知然而，不幸的是，并不是每个人都能获得新鲜食物，尤其是在贫困社区。说明劳伦开始种植农产品，以便捐赠给低收入家庭。故答案为D。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.recommended推荐；B.reminded提醒；C.inspired激励，激发；D.requested要求。句意：这激发了她在父母的农场上开辟花园的灵感。根据空后her to start a garden on her parents' farm可知这激发了她在父母的农场上开辟花园的灵感。故答案为C。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.aware意识到的；B.confident自信的；C.certain一定的；D.free自由的。句意：虽然她妈妈支持她，但她让她意识到需要做多少工作---尽管如此，这名少年还是接受了挑战。根据下句still，the teenager （8）the challenge可知尽管如此，这名少年还是接受了挑战。说明她意识到了需要做多少工作。故答案为A。
（8）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.took up开始从事；B.looked into调查；C.applied for申请；D.went over复习。句意：虽然她妈妈支持她，但她让她意识到需要做多少工作---尽管如此，这名少年还是接受了挑战。根据下句To kick-start her project，Lauren got economic （9）from the National FFA Organization，which （10）agricultural education，to pay for seeds and gardening supplies.可知为了启动她的项目，劳伦得到了促进农业教育的国家FFA组织的经济支持，以支付种子和园艺用品的费用。说明她接受了挑战。故答案为A。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.guidance指导；B.support支持；C.pressure压力；D.benefit好处。句意：为了启动她的项目，劳伦得到了促进农业教育的国家FFA组织的经济支持，以支付种子和园艺用品的费用。根据空后pay for seeds and gardening supplies.可知劳伦得到了促进农业教育的国家FFA组织的经济支持，以支付种子和园艺用品的费用。故答案为B。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.organizes组织；B.expects期盼；C.promotes提升；D.demands要求。句意：为了启动她的项目，劳伦得到了促进农业教育的国家FFA组织的经济支持，以支付种子和园艺用品的费用。根据空后agricultural education可知国家FFA组织的目的是促进农业教育。故答案为C。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.amazing令人惊讶的；B.specific具体的；C.professional专业的；D.tough艰难的。句意：然后，具体工作开始了。根据下句Since the summers in Iowa are very hot and dry，she had to water them daily可知由于爱荷华州的夏天非常炎热干燥，她不得不每天浇水。说明具体工作开始了。故答案为B。
（12）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.worked out解出；B.paid off得到回报；C.broke off断开；D.wore out穿破。句意：但她所有的努力都得到了回报。根据下句Her first harvest resulted in 40 pounds of produce可知她的第一次收获了40磅农产品。说明她的努力得到了回报。故答案为B。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.reward奖励；B.rescue拯救；C.honour荣誉；D.donation捐赠。句意：劳伦说："知道任何想要新鲜蔬菜的人都可以得到捐赠真是太好了。根据前文（4）to make a change，Lauren set out to grow produce so she could donate it to （5）families.可知劳伦决心做出改变，开始种植农产品，以便捐赠给低收入家庭。说明她把新鲜蔬菜捐赠给了需要的人。故答案为D。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.impact影响；B.impress留下印象；C.challenge挑战；D.observe观察。句意："我想影响社区成员。当你帮助别人时，情况就不一样了。这是让我最开心的事情，"劳伦说。根据空后community members可知她影响社区成员。故答案为A。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.discovery发现；B.profit利益；C.difference不同；D.intention打算。句意："我想影响社区成员。当你帮助别人时，情况就不一样了。这是让我最开心的事情，"劳伦说。make a difference发生变化。故答案为C。
本文是一篇记叙文。短文讲述了一个名叫劳伦 施罗德的青少年在社区食品非营利组织志愿服务时发现贫困社区的人们无法获得新鲜食物的问题。因此，她决定在父母的农场上种植蔬菜，并捐赠给需要的家庭。她从国家FFA组织获得经济支持，开始了她的种植项目。尽管工作艰巨，但她的努力最终收获了40磅的蔬菜。到目前为止，她已经在花园里工作了超过1000小时，生产了7000磅的蔬菜，她表示帮助社区成员让她感到最快乐。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】were forced
【小题2】brought
【小题3】but
【小题4】his
【小题5】channels
【小题6】governing
【小题7】until
【小题8】development
【小题9】to overcome
【小题10】in
【解析】（1）考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据传说，在尧帝时期，黄河泛滥，人们被迫离开他们的村庄，去住在树上或山顶上。根据According to legend可知，要用一般过去时，people与force之间是动宾关系，要用一般过去时的被动语态，主语people是集合名词，be动词用were。故填were forced。
（2）考查动词时态。句意：洪水给人们带来了巨大的不幸。因讲述的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时。故填brought。
（3）考查连词。句意：鲧想用石头把洪水截断，但失败了。根据句意可知，上下文之间是转折关系，要用连词but连接。故填but。
（4）考查形容词性物主代词。句意：他吸取了父亲的教训，疏通了新的河道作为出口，引水入江，引水入海。father's lesson是名词短语，要用形容词性物主代词his修饰作定语。故填his。
（5）考查可数名词复数。句意：他吸取了父亲的教训，疏通了新的河道作为出口，引水入江，引水入海。channel是可数名词，根据outlets可知，要用复数形式。故填channels。
（6）考查动名词。句意：禹日复一日，年复一年，连续治水十三年。spend time/money （in） doing sth.意为"花费时间（金钱）做某事"，其中in可以省略。故填governing。
（7）考查连词。句意：据说，在十三年的时间里，他三次经过他的家，但直到他的任务完成才进入。not until"直到……才"，是连词词组。故填until。
（8）考查不可数名词。句意：他的努力不仅解决了洪水问题，而且促进了农业的发展。contribute to"有助于"，to是介词，后接名词作宾语，development是不可数名词。故填development。
（9）考查动词不定式。句意：在困难面前，我们要有战胜困难的智慧和大公无私的精神。wisdom后接动词不定式作后置定语。故填to overcome。
（10）考查介词。句意：我们还需要强大的精神和坚定的信念，只有这样，我们才能共同应对各种困难。in that way"那样，用那种方法"，是介词短语。故填in。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述大禹治水。禹吸取了鲧的教训，改用疏导的方法治水，让洪水顺河道流向大海。传说他在外治水13年，三次经过家门都没有抽时间进去看看。最后，禹终于制服了水患。
在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。要做好语法填空题，理解短文是解题的前提，扎实的词汇、句型和语法知识是基础，英语国家的背景知识是必要的补充。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境。
37.【答案】Dear Andy，
How's everything going？These days I'm considering a brief trip to London in the coming winter holidays.The following is my expectation and I badly need your advice. （写信目的）
First，would you please tell me the route that I should take and which place I should visit. 【高分句型一】I have heard that there are many places of interest in London.So I want to enjoy as many as possible.What's the most important is the best time when I should set out.【高分句型二】（咨询的内容）
I will appreciate it if you can give me some suggestions.Looking forward to hearing from you soon. （表达期待）
Yours， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：First，would you please tell me the route that I should take and which place I should visit.
译文：首先，你能告诉我该走哪条路，该去哪个地方吗。
分析：这句话使用了that引导的限制性定语从句，which引导的宾语从句。
高分句型二：What's the most important is the best time when I should set out.
译文：最重要的是我应该出发的最佳时间。
分析：这句话使用了what引导的主语从句，when引导的限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
38.【答案】Mr.Barnes felt surprised when hearing the answer. "Only five dollars？You must have gotten more than that，" Mr.Barnes said with certainty. "No，that's what I was given，and that was plenty，don't you think？【高分句型一】" answered the boy with a happy smile and a little doubt. "No，I'm surprised it wasn't more，" said Mr.Barnes. "I know Mr.Barnes well and he will give much more than five dollars.I believe that if you come back with me，you'll get more than five dollars."（描写了Barnes先生提出让小男孩一起回到房子里）
The boy agreed，and they walked back to the house together. When they went in，Mr.Barnes called his workers and asked the boy to tell him who had given him the five dollars. "It was him，" the boy said，pointing to one of the workers.When the man realized that his dishonesty had been discovered，he admitted it and felt embarrassed. 【高分句型二】Mr.Barnes demanded that he give the fifty dollars to the boy immediately.And he said to the man， "Your dishonesty has cost you your job and your good name.I hope you soon learn that dishonesty is not only very foolish but a terrible mistake." And Mr.Barnes fired him on the spot.（描写了Barnes先生惩罚了那位不诚实的工人并让他归还小男孩50美元）
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Barnes先生购买牛的过程中发生的一系列事件，包括他如何帮助一个小男孩，以及后来如何处理一个工人的不诚实行为。
高分句型一：No，that's what I was given，and that was plenty，don't you think？
翻译：不，那是给我的，而且够多了，你不觉得吗？
分析：本句运用了what引导的表语从句。
高分句型二：When the man realized that his dishonesty had been discovered，he admitted it and felt embarrassed.
翻译：当这个人意识到他的不诚实被发现时，他承认了，感到很尴尬。
分析：本句运用了when引导的时间状语从句和that引导的宾语从句。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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