现在完成时延续与非延续性动词的转化 讲义 牛津译林版英语八年级下册

非延续性动词与延续性动词
1. 延续性动词，又叫长动词。是指动作可以持续的动词，与表示一段时间的状语连用。
常见的延续性动词：keep, have, last, run, eat, drink, sing, sleep, sit, live, stay等
例句：I have kept the book for two days.
He will stay here for a week.
2. 非延续性动词，又叫短暂性动词或瞬间动词。这类动作在“瞬间”完成，不能持续。可用于现在完成时，但不用于含一段时间的时间状语，如since, two days ago, for two years.
常见短暂性动词：die, buy, borrow, lead, come, go, arrive, stop, finish, leave, open, close, become, end, begin, start, see, marry, join, hear等
例句：The film started two hours ago. （ ）
The film has started. （ ）
The film has started for two hours. （ ）
3.非延续性动词若要与表示一段时间的状语，则要用该非延续性动词要用延续性动词或表示状态的词来替换。
(1) buy have have (has) had
a. I bought the book 2 years ago.
b. I have had the book for 2 years/since 2 years ago.
(2) borrow keep have (has) kept
a. I borrowed the book last week.
b. I have kept the book since last week.
(3) leave be away (from) have (has) been away (from)
a. I left Xuzhou 7 years ago.
b. I have been away from Xuzhou since 7 years ago/ for 7 years.
(4) die be dead have (has) been dead
a. The dog died a week ago.
b. The dog has been dead for a week/ since a week ago.
(5) join be in have (has) been in
be a member of have (has) been a member of
a. He joined the English Club yesterday.
b. He has been in/ has been a member of the English since yesterday.
(6) arrive/get to/reach/come/go be in/at have (has) been in/at
a. Tom arrived in Huai’an a moment ago.
b. Tom has been in Huai’an for a moment.
(7) begin/start be on have (has) been on
a. The film started 2 hours ago.
b. The film has been on for 2 hours.
(8) begin/start to do 去掉begin/start to
a. People began to use computers many years ago.
b. People have used computers many years ago.
(9) get+adj. 变get为be+adj. have (has) been +adj.
a. My parents got married 25 years ago.
b. My parents have been married for 25 years.
(10) open be open have (has) been open
a. The new supermarket opened at 8 o’clock this morning.
b. The new supermarket has been open since 8 o’clock this morning.
(11) close be closed have (has) been closed
a. The park closed last week.
b. The park has been closed since last week.
(12) turn off be off/keep…off 物+have (has) been off
人+have (has) kept…off
a. I have kept the light off for 5 hours.
b. The light has been off for 5 hours.
(13) turn on be on/keep…on 物+have (has) been on
人+have (has) kept…on
a. She turned on the TV 5 hours ago.
b. She has kept the TV on for 5 hours.
c. The TV has been on for 5 hours.
(14) fall +adj. 变fall 为be+adj. have (has) been +adj.
a. The student fell asleep last night.
b. The student has been asleep since last night.
(15) catch fire be on fire have (has) been on fire
a. The house caught fire yesterday.
b. The house has been on fire since yesterday.
(16) catch a cold have a cold have (has) had a cold
a. Tom caught a cold last week.
b. Tom has had a cold since last week.
(17) get to know know have (has) known
a. I got to know her 5 years ago.
b. I have known her for 5 years.
(18) put on be in have (has) been in
wear have (has) worn
a. The little girl put on the dress an hour ago.
b. The little girl has worn the dress for an hour.
c. The little girl has been in the dress for an hour.
(19) become be have (has) been
a. My sister became an engineer 2 years ago.
b. My sister has been an engineer for 2 years.
(20) finish/stop/end be over have (has) been over
a. The meeting finished half an hour ago.
b. The meeting has been over for half an hour ago.
注意：
（1）短动词和长动词都可以用现在完成时。但如果后接一段时间时（since, for），短动词要转化为长动词。
（2）短动词在肯定句，疑问句中不能与时间段连用，在否定句中可以和时间段连用，因为非延续性动词的否定形式构成一种状态，而这一状态是可以持续的。
例如：
He has not bought any new car since 2007.
同义句转换：
他离开深圳好长时间了。
= He left Shenzhen a long time ago.
= He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.
= It is/has been a long time since he left Shenzhen.
= A long time has passed since he left Shenzhen.
Ⅰ.单项选择
1.—Where is Ben
—He to the teachers’ office He will be back soon.
A. go B. has gone
C. has been D. will go
2.He our school for two weeks
A. leaves B. has left
C. has been away from D. left
3. I want to visit Beijing this summer vacation. I there before.
A. haven't gone to B. haven't gone
C. haven't been D. haven't been to
4.The meeting for two days. I'm sorry you missed it.
A. has finished B. has ended
C. has been over D. finished
5. I the League for five years
A. joined B. have joined
C. have been in D. join
Ⅱ.同义句转换
1. The film began 15 minutes ago.
The film _______ _______ _______ for 15 minutes.
2. My grandfather has been dead for 20 years.
My grandfather _______ 20 years ago.
3. I bought the book two days ago.
I ______ ______ the book for two days.
4. They came to Beijing three years ago.
They ______ ______ ______ Beijing ______ three years ago.
5. My brother borrowed the book last week.
My brother ______ ______ the book ______ a week.