牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Exploring poetry Extended reading 知识点学案（含答案）

B4U4　Extended reading 学案
重点词汇诠释
1.dare vi. & vt.敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)
①dare用作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，主要用于疑问句、否定句、条件句或whether引导的从句。
Dare you tell her the truth？你敢告诉她真相吗？
—Dare you catch the mouse？你敢抓那只老鼠吗？
—I daren't do that.我不敢抓。
How dare she do the thing like that to me？她怎么敢对我做那种事？
I daren't ask her for a rise.我不敢要求她加薪。
If you dare say that to our teacher, I would vote for you.
如果你敢向我们的老师说那件事，我就投你一票。
②dare用作实义动词时，其后的动词不定式可带to也可不带to，且dare有人称和数以及时态的变化。
I dare (to) jump down from the top of the wall.我敢从那个墙头上跳下来。
She doesn't dare (to) meet her teacher's eyes.她不敢与老师对视。
I wonder how he dares (to) say such things.我纳闷他怎么敢说出这样的话来。
Did he dare (to) tell her？他敢告诉她吗？
⑩We don't dare (to) say anything.我们什么也不敢说。
I've never dared (to) ask her.我从来不敢问她。
③dare的过去式问题
dare用作情态动词时可以有过去式dared，也可以直接用dare表示过去式。
That was why he dare(d) do so.那就是他敢这样做的原因。
Mother dare(d) not tell Father she'd given away his old jacket.
母亲不敢告诉父亲她把他的旧上衣送人了。
单句语法填空
①I dare not ____________ (look) my father in the eye when he is angry.
②Afraid of being beaten by my father，I dared not ____________ (go) back home after school.
③Dare you ____________ (enter) the dark house at night
④He didn't dare ____________ (tell) her what had happened in case she felt sad.
2．striking adj.引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的
(1)a striking feature 显著的特征
It is striking that... 显然……
(2)strike vt. & vi. (struck, struck)(灾难或疾病)侵袭，爆发；敲(钟)；划(火柴)
vt. 打，击；撞，碰；突然想到；给某人以某种印象
be struck by 被……撞击/打动
strike sb.in the face/on the head 打某人的脸/头
It strikes sb. that... 某人突然想到……
(＝It hit/occurred to sb. that...)
(3)strike the hour 整点报时
strike a match 划火柴
earthquake-stricken areas 地震灾区
poverty-stricken families 贫困家庭
These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I've begun using a smartphone.
自从我开始使用智能手机以来，互联网的这些影响变得更加引人注目。
He's good-looking, but he's not as striking as his brother.
他长得很帅，但他不像他哥哥那样引人注目。
It is striking that no research on the problem is occurring.
显然没有针对该问题进行的研究。
The ship struck a rock.船触礁了。
The tree was struck by lightning.这棵树遭到了雷击。
The stone struck her on the forehead.石头击中了她的额头。
The clock has just struck three.时钟刚刚敲过三点。
It struck me that/hit me that/occurred to me that the band which I adored would perform at the Silver Palace the next day.
我突然想起我崇拜的乐队第二天将在银宫演出。
　单句语法填空
①There's a ____________ (strike) contrast between what he does and what he says.
②It was ____________ (strike) that the public were even more concerned about the climate change.
③What ____________ (strike) me most was the beauty of the West Lake.
④She was so angry as to strike him ____________ the face.
3.contribute to 为……做出贡献；向……捐款；促成，造成；有助于，导致
(1)contribute to the Red Cross 向红十字会捐款
contribute to a literary journal 向一个文学刊物投稿
(2)contribute...to... 为……贡献/捐献……
contribute money to the flood-stricken area 向洪灾区捐款
contribute time to the activity 把时间花在活动上
contribute articles to the magazine 给该杂志投稿
(3)contribution n. 贡献；捐款，捐献物；稿
Would you like to contribute to our collection？你愿意给我们的募捐捐款吗？
Does smoking contribute to lung cancer？吸烟会导致肺癌吗？
Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.
诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。
We contributed ￡ 5，000 to the earthquake fund.我们向地震基金会捐赠了5 000英镑。
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.她给这家杂志撰写了一些文章。
He made a very positive contribution to the success of the project.
他对这个项目的成功贡献良多。
It is our duty to make contributions to our motherland.为祖国做出贡献是我们的责任。
　单句语法填空
①I believe that each of us can contribute ____________ the future of the world.
②Learning to relax by whichever method suits you best is a positive way of ____________ (contribute) to your overall good health.
③In what ways do you think you can make a ____________ (contribute) to our company
④Economists have made important ____________ (contribute) to the field of financial and corporate economics.
4.familiarize oneself with 使自己熟悉/了解/通晓……
(1)familiarize sb. with sth. 使某人熟悉/了解/通晓某物
(2)familiar adj. 熟悉的，常见的
be familiar with... (人)对……熟悉
be familiar to sb. (物)对某人来说熟悉/为……熟知
(3)familiarity n. 熟悉，通晓
We spent a few minutes familiarizing ourselves with the day's schedule.
我们花了几分钟来熟悉当天的日程安排。
The goal of the experiment was to familiarize the people with the new laws.
该实验的目的是使人们熟悉新的规章。
The smell is very familiar to everyone who lives near a bakery.
住在面包店附近的人都很熟悉这种气味。
Are you familiar with the computer software they use
你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗？
He talked of other cultures as if they were more familiar to him than his own.
他谈起其他文化就像它们对于他比他自己的文化还熟悉。
　单句语法填空
①On arriving there, you should try to familiarize yourself ____________ local conditions and laws.
②With the final examination drawing near, we must ____________ (familiar) ourselves with it from now on.
③I use Christmas as an example because it is familiar ____________ most readers.
④The theme park you are probably most familiar ____________ is Disneyland.
⑤She addressed me with an easy ____________ (familiar) that made me feel at home.
5.encounter vt.偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到　n．相遇，遭遇，冲突
(1)encounter so many problems/difficulties 遇到这么多问题/困难
encounter an old friend 遇到一位老朋友
(2)a chance encounter 偶然相遇
encounter with... 与……的相遇
She happened, while she was thus engaged, to encounter the face of the man on deck.
在她这样忙着的时候，偶然碰到在舱面上那个男人的面孔。
They encountered serious problems when two members of the team were injured.
当两名队员受伤时，他们遇到了严重的问题。
Making the best of this close encounter, I took some pictures of the bear.
充分利用这次近距离的相遇，我拍了一些熊的照片。
I had a frightening encounter with a poisonous snake.
我曾遇到过一条毒蛇，吓得我要命。
单句语法填空
①I ____________ (encounter) many difficulties when I first started this job.
②His first encounter ____________ Wilson was back in 1989.
③Bernstein began training the young musician after ____________ chance encounter at a concert.
6．tolerant adj.宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的
be tolerant of 对……容忍；能耐……的
tolerance n. 宽容，容忍
tolerate vt. 忍受
tolerate (doing) sth. 忍受(做)某事
He has a very tolerant attitude towards other opposing ideas.
他对其他反对的观点持非常宽容的态度。
They need to be tolerant of different points of view.他们需要容忍不同的观点。
The plants are tolerant of drought.这些植物耐旱。
They don't have the best service, but I can tolerate it because I love their food.
他们的服务不是最好的，但我能忍受，因为我喜欢他们的食物。
I can't tolerate lying，as is known to you.你知道，我不能容忍说谎。
即学即练　单句语法填空
①Luckily, my parents were tolerant ____________ my choice of music.
②I won't tolerate ____________ (lie) to me.
③My ____________ (tolerant) of heat is considerably greater after having lived in the Far East for a couple of years.
7.distinguish vt. & vi.成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众
(1)distinguish...from... 使……有别于……
distinguish between...and... 把……和……区分开来
distinguish oneself as 作为……而出众/扬名/著名
(2)distinguished adj. 有尊严的，高贵的；卓越的；杰出的
be distinguished for 因……而著称；以……而出众
Speech distinguishes human beings from the other animals.
言语能力将人类与其他动物区别开来。
We should distinguish between good and evil.我们应分清善恶。
Over the next few years he distinguished himself as a leading history scholar.
在随后的几年中，他作为历史学的权威学者而享有盛誉。
He was the most distinguished scholar in this field.他是这一领域最为著名的学者。
He is distinguished for his knowledge of economics.他因他的经济知识而出众。
　单句语法填空
①No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a ____________ (distinguish) writer.
②The speech mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing right ____________ wrong.
③Research suggests that babies learn to see by distinguishing ____________ areas of light and dark.
8．representative adj.典型的，有代表性的　n．典型人物，代表性人物；代表
(1)be representative of 代表……的
a representative of ……的代表
(2)represent v. 描绘；象征；作为……的代表
represent...as... 把……描绘成……
The exhibition is representative of modern art.
这个展出代表了现代艺术。
Beijing Opera is the most representative of traditional Chinese dramatic art forms and the most influential Chinese opera form.
京剧是中国最具代表性的传统戏剧艺术形式，也是中国最具影响力的戏曲形式。
They will meet with representatives from industry and the government next Tuesday.
下周二他们将与产业界和政府的代表会面。
I have been selected to represent my school to participate in the debate.
我被选出来代表学校参加辩论。
　单句语法填空
①He is a ____________ (represent) for a large international company.
②He seemed to take it for granted that he should speak as ____________ representative.
③All shops are visited regularly by one of our sales ____________ (representative).
④The painting is not representative ____________ his works of the period.
⑤Paintings ____________ (represent) religious themes were common in earlier times.
⑥New York ____________ (represent) everything that's great about America.
⑦The popular press tends to represent him ____________ an environmental leader.
9.cast vt.(cast, cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色　
n．全体演员；投，抛
cast a shadow over sth. 给某事物蒙上了一层阴影
cast light on 使……真相大白
cast doubt(s) on sth. 使人对某事产生怀疑
cast a vote 投票
cast a net 撒网
cast sb. as... 选定某人扮演
members of the cast 剧组成员
The bad news cast a shadow over us.
这个坏消息给我们蒙上了一层阴影。
The discovery of the dinosaur skeleton has cast light on why they became extinct.
恐龙骨骼的发现使它们灭绝的原因真相大白。
New evidence has cast doubt on the sentence.
新的证据使人对判决产生了怀疑。
The fisherman cast his net into the water.渔夫把网撒到水里。
To my surprise, the director has cast me as a scientist.
令我惊讶的是，导演选定我扮演一位科学家。
People not only cast online votes themselves, but also urge others to vote for competitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”．
人们不仅自己在网上投票，还力劝别人为“最美教师”和“最萌宝宝”这样的比赛投票。
　单句语法填空
①The moon cast a bright light ____________ the garden.
②People complained about the shadows ____________ (cast) by the new skyscraper.
③A researcher has now cast light ____________ the mystery of why the animals die.
④However, the new results cast doubt ____________ both explanations.
10.owe vt.欠(账、债、情等)；归功于，归因于
(1)owe sb. money/owe money to sb. 欠某人钱
owe sb. an explanation/apology 欠某人一个解释/道歉
owe sb. a favour 欠某人一份情
(2)owe sth. to sb./sth. 将某事物归因或归功于某人/物
owe it to sb.＋that从句/to do sth. 将……归功于某人
She still owes her father ￡ 3，000.
她还欠她父亲3 000英镑。
I really think you owe the man an apology for what you have done.
我真的认为你应该为你的所作所为向这位男士道歉。
You owe me a favour！你欠我个人情！
I owe my success to my education.我把我的成功归功于我所受的教育。
He owes his life to the staff at the hospital.
他能保住命多亏了这家医院的工作人员。
I owe everything to my parents.我非常感激我的父母。
I owe it to you that I am still alive.多亏有你我才仍然活着。
单句语法填空/单句写作
①I owe ____________ to myself to make great progress in English.
②Many people asked how I learned to speak English fluently, and I owed most of it ________ my being an English teacher in college for years.
③He still owes us $100 ____________ the goods he bought last month.
④我应该为我今天早上说的话向你道歉。
________________________________________________________________________
⑤他把他的成就归因于努力工作。
________________________________________________________________________
11.debt n．人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务
owe sb. a debt 欠某人一笔债；欠某人恩情
pay off one's debts 清偿债务
in debt/get into debt 负债
out of debt 不负债
He is so good to me that I can never repay the debt I owe him.
他对我太好了，我永远都还不清我欠他的人情债。
I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country.
我需要在离开该国前还清所有债务。
He died heavily in debt.他死时负债累累。
We were poor but we never got into debt.
我们穷是穷，但我们从不负债。
It's hard to stay out of debt when you are a student.
当学生很难不负债。
　用debt的相关短语完成句子
①I'm ____________ (负债) at the moment，but I hope to be ____________ (不负债) next year.
②I need to ____________ (还清我的债务) before I leave here.
③In America，parents may save for many years and even ____________ (陷入债务之中) to pay for their children's tuition fees.
12.blame vt.把……归咎于，责怪，指责　n．责任，责备，指责
(1)blame sth. on sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事
blame...for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事责备……
be to blame for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事应受责备；对(做)某事负有责任(不定式用主动形式表示被动意义)
(2)take/bear the blame for sth. 承担某事的责任
lay/put the blame (for sth.) on... 把(某事的)责任归咎于……
Don't blame him for breaking that vase；after all，he is a child.
别怪他打碎了那个花瓶，他毕竟是个孩子。
They blamed the failure of the business on the economic downturn.
他们把生意的失败归咎于经济衰退。
He was to blame for the accident because he drove on the wrong side of the road.
他应该对事故负责，因为他开车逆行了。
We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.
我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。
Health officials put the blame for the disease on poor housing conditions.
卫生官员们将该疾病归咎于恶劣的住房条件。
单句语法填空
①Some people blame the smartphone ____________ the tragedy, yet in fact people's weak self-control and self-discipline are ____________ (blame).
②Don't always blame your own failure ____________ others. You should take the blame ____________ it.
③____________ (blame) for the accident, the driver couldn't get away with it.
④Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame ____________ the alarm clock.
重点句型解构
1.(教材P53)Li Bai's romantic style was also deeply rooted in the social and historical context in which he lived．
李白的浪漫主义风格亦深植于他所处的社会历史环境中。
[句式分析]　本句是复合句。句中in which he lived是“介词in＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，修饰the social and historical context。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
(1)引导定语从句的关系代词不仅可以作动词的宾语，还可以作介词的宾语，若将介词提至关系代词之前，便形成了“介词＋关系代词”结构，该结构可引导限制性或非限制性定语从句，此结构中的关系代词只用whom(先行词指人)，which(先行词指物)和whose(表示所属关系，先行词既可指人也可指物)。
Moreover，with the stadium set up，a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which ping-pong，football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity.
此外，随着体育场的建成，各种各样的体育赛事都可以举办了，其中乒乓球、足球和跑步比赛非常受欢迎。
The official to whom we applied for a permit was very kind.
我们向他申请许可证的那位官员非常友好。
Have you found the book on which I spent ￡10
你找到那本我花10英镑买的书了吗？
Our English teacher，with whose help we have made great progress in English，has completed thirty years of teaching.
我们的英语老师完成了三十年的教学，在他的帮助下，我们的英语取得了很大的进步。
(2)介词的选择依据：一是根据定语从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配，二是根据先行词与定语从句中动词的关系以及所表达的含义。
a．根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，该谓语动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。
In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb. for help).在黑暗的街上，她找不到一个可以求助的人。
The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher.(shake hands with sb.)
你刚才握手的那个人是我们的英语老师。
b．根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，该形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。
The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.(be sure about)
卡尔·马克思不确定的两样东西是语法和一些习语。
　单句语法填空
①The English play in ____________ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
②This is the student for ____________ I bought the book.
③A harvester is a machine with ____________ we harvest crops.
④I don't think the number of people ____________ whom this happens is very large.
⑤The man, ____________ whom I learned the news, is an engineer.
⑥This is the reason ____________ which he was late for school.
⑦The man ____________ whom the wolf was shot is a good hunter.
⑧We have many labs, the largest of ____________ was built last year.
⑨He mentioned a book, ____________ title I have forgotten.
⑩Those foreign teachers, most of ____________ have never been to China before, are enjoying their work here very much.
2.(教材P54)Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings, which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.
同样让人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发，这为他笔下的无生命物体注入了生机，也让他有别于其他山水诗人。
[句式分析]　本句是复合句。主句Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings是完全倒装句，属于表语位于句首的完全倒装，这也是为了使句子紧凑，避免头重脚轻，因为主句后面是两个which引导的定语从句修饰主句中的主语Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings.
表语提前引起的完全倒装
有时为了强调表语，需要将表语置于句首，句子完全倒装，倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”，表语可以是形容词、介词短语、分词等。
Happy are those who are contented.知足者常乐。
Hidden in a tiny cabinet were four Mother's Day poems I'd written for her in the 1960s.
在一个小柜子里，藏着四首我在20世纪60年代为她写的母亲节诗。
　单句语法填空/完成句子
①____________ (amaze) were all the guests present when the clown appeared on the stage.
②____________ (stand) inside were many young people who were out of a job recently.
③他们随心所欲的日子一去不复返了。
____________________________ when they could do what they liked.
④在这些货物中有圣诞树、花、蜡烛和玩具。
____________________________ Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
⑤窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。
____________________________ a young man with a magazine in his hand.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There was something, ____________ (胆敢) I say it, a little unusual about him.
2．In ____________ (显著的) contrast to their brothers, the girls were both intelligent and adorable.
3．This election campaign has been ____________ (是……的特征) by violence.
4．Every day of our lives we ____________ (遭遇) major and minor sorrows of one kind or another.
5．This paper introduces a practical technique of enhancing accuracy and ____________ (稳定性).
6．We believe that students of enthusiastic schools will have more ____________ (宽容的) attitudes.
7．Banks will go from being ____________ (不受约束的) by their balance sheets to being caged by them.
8．It is reasonable to expect our television programmes to be more ____________ (代表) of Chinese society.
9．Ten degrees of ____________ (霜) had frozen the lock on the car.
10．The setting sun ____________ (投射) an orange glow over the mountains this morning.
11．I ____________ (归功于) the recovery of my hearing to this remarkable new technique.
12．A loan was arranged to pay back existing ____________ (债务).
13．It was a dessert that had ____________ (深深吸引) him since he was a boy.
14．We guarantee that our experience in foreign trade and marketing will ____________ (使享有权利) us to your confidence.
15．Nothing could relieve my terrible sense of ______________ (指责).
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Both companies have characterized the relationship ____________ pleasant.
2．You'll need time to familiarize yourself ____________ the local surroundings.
3．She was the most remarkable woman he had ever __________ (encounter).
4．His analysis was rooted ____________ a somewhat subjective reading of Austrian history.
5．The award of the Nobel Prize has crowned a ____________ (glory) career in physics.
6．China has contributed to the ____________ (stable) and balance of global economic development.
7．There is lowered pain ____________ (tolerant), lowered resistance to infection.
8．She has a powerful and ____________ (constrained) emotion.
9．It is apparent that learning about laws can help teenagers distinguish right ____________ wrong.
10．The movie directed by a famous director ____________ (cast) in a distant rural area at present.
11．As an officer, you owe it ____________ your honest soldiers.
12．He claims never to have owed or been in debt ____________ anyone since that time.
13．It's ____________ (fascinate) to see how different people overcome the difficulties.
14．I do not blame them for ____________ (try) to make some extraordinary money.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．这个计划被放弃了，因为它没有考虑到没有自行车的学生。
The plan was abandoned because ______________________. (allowance)
2．我在爬树时摔了下来，胳膊受了伤。我不敢再试了。
When climbing the tree I fell down and got my arm hurt.________________________. (dare)
3．理性消费，这样你就不会负债。
Make rational spending choices so that you won't ________________________. (debt)
4．尤其受欢迎的是游泳，这可能是最好的全身运动方式。
________________________，which is probably the best all-round exercise.(表语前置引起的倒装)
5．他幻想有一个没有战争的世界。
He had a vision of a world ________________________．
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
It is believed that A Night Stay at a Mountain Temple 1.________ (write) by Li Bai in his teenage years. With striking imagination, this early poem showed signs of a romantic style, which was later to characterize his poetry.
Li Bai's love of reading and travelling contributed a lot 2.________ his romantic style. By 3.________ (read) all kinds of books, he got familiar with classical Chinese culture and 4.________ (acquire) the wisdom of previous generations. Li Bai's travel around the country nourished his love of nature and inspired him 5.________ (write) romantic poems. In addition, Li Bai grew up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty, 6.________ allowed Li Bai to develop 7.________ free and unconstrained personality. Given his personal experiences and the historical background, it is easy to see that most of Li Bai's poems are characterized by the romantic style.
All in all, with his extraordinary imagination, free expression of strong 8.________ (feeling) and mastery of language, Li Bai is widely recognized as the 9.________ (great) romantic poet after Qu Yuan. Li Bai's poetry inspires generations of poets both at home 10.________ abroad and is enjoyed by countless readers.
B4U4　Extended reading 学案
重点词汇诠释
1．①look　②go　③enter　④(to) tell
2．①striking　②striking　③struck　④in
3．①to　②contributing　③contribution　④contributions
4．①with　②familiarize　③to　④with　⑤familiarity
5．①encountered　②with　③a
6．①of　②lying　③tolerance
7．①distinguished　②from　③between
8．①representative　②a　③representatives　④of　⑤representing　⑥represents　⑦as
9．①over　②cast　③on　④on
10．①it　②to　③for　④I owe you an apology for what I said this morning.　⑤He owes his achievements to hard work.
11．①in debt　out of debt　②pay off my debts　③go/get/run/fall into debt
12．①for　to blame　②on　for　③Blamed　④on
重点句型解构
1．①which　②whom　③which　④to　⑤from　⑥for
⑦by　⑧which　⑨whose　⑩whom
2．①Amazed　②Standing　③Gone are the days　④Among the goods are　⑤By the window sat
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．dare　2.striking　3.characterized　4.encounter　5.stability
6．tolerant　7.liberty　8.representative　9.frost　10.cast
11．owe　12.debts　13.fascinated　14.entitle　15.blame
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．as　2.with　3.encountered　4.in　5.glorious　6.stability　7.tolerance　8.unconstrained　9.from　10.is being cast　11.to　12.to　13.fascinating　14.trying
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1．it didn't make allowance for students without a bike
2．I dare not try again或I didn't dare (to) try again
3．go/get/run/fall into debt
4．Especially popular is swimming
5．in which there would be no wars
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
1．was written　2.to　3.reading　4.acquired　5.to write　6.which　7.a　8.feelings　9.greatest　10.and