叙永一中高2021级高三上期期末考试
英语试题
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
We can all think of times when people didn’t make remembering easy. Directions given at machine-gun speed. New people introduced in a flood of names and handshakes. Whenever information is passed between people, it’s all too easy for it to go in one ear and straight out of the other. Thankfully, the opposite is also true. Look around you, and you’ll see parents who can get their children to remember exactly what they were told; advertisers who know how to imprint their sales messages on our brains.
So, how do they do Their secrets can be summed up in four simple words: focus, imagery, reasons and engagement.
FOCUS means ensuring that the person you’re talking to can concentrate on learning. Choose your moment carefully. Check that they can properly hear or see the information. Communicate slowly and clearly enough for their memory to cope.
IMAGERY helps information to stick. Do everything your can to make other people “see” the ideas you’re giving them. Add visual details to directions, and illustrate abstract concepts with metaphors.
REASONS to remember help people to put in the mental effort. So, make it clear that your words are important, and be explicit about why. Maybe this information will save them time, protect them from embarrassment, or let them enjoy a particular experience or event.
EMGAGEMENT requires you to ask questions. Point out links between new concepts and things listeners already know. Activate their senses, spark their curiosity, get them doing something physical, or simply make them laugh.
The next time you’ve got an important message to pass on, put some of these techniques to the test. You’ll discover that there are benefits on both sides when you know how to FIRE people’s memories into action.
21. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To report new research.
B. To provide some advice.
C To explain a problem.
D. To define some terms.
22. How can you do to help a listener “focus” on what you are saying
A. Select the appropriate time to raise the topic.
B. Do something humorous to get their attention.
C. Make sure the information provided is correct.
D. Speak as slowly and clearly as you possibly can.
23. Explaining to listeners why your information is important is an example of ________.
A. FOCUS B. IMAGERY
C. REASONS D. ENGAGEMENT
B
Najib is an Afghan who grew up in Iran. He led a tough life. When he found his children would be in the same situation, his family initially returned to Afghanistan. But with the country filled with conflicts, they decided to leave for Indonesia.
“When we first came here, we were in a bad situation. Its language, culture and even weather were different. We had moved away from friends and family,” says Najib. “I was in a tough position but I acted strong because there were no other choices.”
Refugees (难民) cannot work in Indonesia and there are limited choices for refugee children to attend local schools. Determined to avoid such a fate, a group of refugees in Puncak took action and scraped together (东拼西凑) their resources to set up a school—the Refugee Learning Center (RLC).
“Our only goal and task is to provide basic education, and prepare the refugee children for their future,” says Abdullah Sarwari. “We’re also trying to provide a normal life as much as possible for them.”
The RLC has also started offering Bahasa Indonesia classes to the refugee community. “Between the refugee and the local community, I feel like there’s a language barrier which stops the refugee from having an honest and open interaction with Indonesians,” says Abdullah.
“If you try your best, to learn the language of a particular place or country, it really helps make things easier,” says Najib. He is among those who signed up for classes, although he admits progress has been slow. But life has improved in some ways for him and his family.
Najib says, “The centre is an opportunity for refugee to show that they are not a burden. If they have the opportunity, they can accomplish big and great things like this.”
24. Why did Najib decide to leave for Indonesia
A. To escape the conflict in Afghanistan.
B. To experience Indonesian culture.
C. To help refugees in Indonesia.
D. To get equal rights to vote.
25. What’s the main purpose of founding the RLC for refugee children
A. To help them learn English.
B. To make them stay away from bad luck.
C. To provide them with chances to live in Indonesia.
D. To make them have access to receiving basic education.
26. What can we learn about Najib according to the text
A. He is the leader of refugees.
B. He founded the RLC himself.
C. He studies Indonesian in the RLC.
D. He lives a wealthy life in Indonesia.
27. What’s the best title for this text
A. The Goal of Founding a School
B. A School for Refugees by Refugees
C. A Reason for Leaving for Indonesia
D. The Benefit of Learning a New Language
C
Most of Earth's freshwater sits underground. Worldwide, about 70 percent of the groundwater drawn to the surface goes for farming. But surface waters-rivers and streams come from groundwater, too. Drawing too much groundwater over a short time can be harmful. Natural waterways can begin to empty. And that car hurt freshwater ecosystems. Scientists consider this a tipping point when small actions can begin making unusually big differences.
A new study has found that 15 to 21 percent of tapped water(自来水)areas have reached this sort of tipping point. Most of those tapped rivers and streams are in dry areas. Farmers in rates these areas use groundwater to water their crops. At present drawing rates, the study predicts that 42 to 79 percent of water areas around the world where groundwater is drawn up for use at the surface will reach tipping points by 2050.
A healthy groundwater aquifer(含水层)protects ecosystems against seasonal ups and downs in the use of water. That provides stability for area plants and animals. But if too much groundwater is drawn up from below, surface waters will begin to flow into the aquifer, which can harm what are living in rivers and streams.
De Graaf and the study team set up a computer model. It linked groundwater drawing and water flows within rivers. The model covered fifty years, from 1950 to 2010. Then the researchers used climate forecasts to help the model predict what might happen in future years. Throughout, they kept groundwater drawing rates sustainable. More than half of drawn water areas are likely to cross this ecological tipping point before 2050, the model finds.
"We need to be thinking about this now, not in 10 years," De Graaf says. "Our study shows us where to target more sustainable efforts."
28. What does the "tipping point" in paragraph 1 mean
A. End point. B. Breaking point.
C. Freezing point. D. Boiling point.
29. Which of the following causes the "tipping point"
A. Water pollution. B. Climate change.
C. Increasing population. D. Overusing groundwater.
30. What is the part the groundwater plays in the environment .
A. Clearing surface waters to be drinkable.
B. Protecting ecosystems from pollution.
C. Keeping the stability of natural water.
D. Providing stability for the local economy.
31. How did the researchers conduct the study
A. They predicted the result based on old data.
B. They happened to work out the result.
C. They measured all the groundwater and surface water.
D. They did questionnaire surveys on the water information.
D
The huge billboard at the side of the highway is no joke; transporting firewood in certain areas is a crime, punishable by a four-thousand-dollar fine. The reason Emerald Ash Borer disease, or EAB disease, a new addition to the long list of dangerous foreign pest infestations（虫害）on American soil. It was in 2002 when the Emerald Ash Borer beetle（甲虫）was first discovered in Michigan. Not long after, the pest was found in Ohio. Originally from Asia, this green beetle probably found its way to North America through a wooden box made of ash wood and immediately settled into a local ash tree. In little time, the species managed to kill millions of ash trees.
To date, much work is underway to stop ash trees ending up in the same group as elm and chestnut trees, which are all dying out in many areas. Ash Borer Infestations are particularly troublesome because they are difficult to identify until the ash tree is heavily infested. In addition, other ash trees in the area surrounding the source will probably also be infested, making control a hard task.
Researchers are working on many issues related to the control and removal of this harmful beetle. For example, it has been discovered that Asian ash trees are not destroyed by this native borer. It may be that, Asian ash trees have developed genes（基因）to protect them from the insect; therein, perhaps, lies the secret to controlling this pest. Insecticide（杀虫剂）treatment is also being explored on several fronts. Research is underway to determine which insecticides are proving to be the most successful. The proper application of the insecticides is being debated.
However, all possible solutions require a great deal of study and research. In the meantime, careful steps must be taken. Methodical identification of infested trees is taking place. Identified trees are being cut down and destroyed to get rid of the beetle colonies（群）. In the end, this puts a huge drain（消耗）on city budgets, as tree removal can be extremely expensive.
Even though it will be expensive to deal with this problem in the short term, the costs of doing nothing could be far higher, since we could lose an entire species of tree.
32. What can we learn about the Emerald Ash Borer beetle
A. It is a newly found species.
B. It can be used to fight foreign pest infestations.
C. It is native to North America.
D. It can cause damaging harm to American ash trees.
33. What is special about Ash Borer infestations
A. They affect Asian ash trees most frequently.
B. They are difficult to identify and get rid of.
C. They break out at certain times every year.
D. They spread slowly in a small area.
34. What method is currently used to control EAB disease
A. Gene activation. B. Insecticide use.
C. Removing infested trees. D. Introducing the beetle’s enemies.
35. Which of the following might the author agree with
A. Healthy trees should be relocated and protected.
B. Protecting the ash tree should be done at any cost.
C. Government budget for tree removal should be cut.
D. Measures that have side effects should be avoided.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Learning to Give Praise to Others
Words of praise, when used right, can have powerful positive effects on others. They are free, but they’re worth so much to the receiving person. ___36___ Your members didn’t follow you because of salaries but for more altruistic (利他的) reasons. Therefore, it is important that you give them the praise that is due for their efforts.
___37___ Don’t say, “You look good today.” when you could have said, “You look amazing today!” Don’t say, “Thanks for your effort.” Instead say, “I’m so thankful for your being on this project, we couldn’t have finished it without you!”
Of course, with what I have mentioned above, be sure it’s coming from your heart. ___38___ Don’t praise if you don’t have a hint of appreciation for the person. Trust me, it will show in your eyes and the other party will feel upset. Insincere praise is flattery (恭维); you attempt to gain something from saying good things about the other person.
Besides, praising in public is rather important. ___39___ When you praise a partner in public, you lift him up and his conduct for everyone in the room to see. Look for opportunities where you can publicly celebrate the hard work of certain people and make them feel they are great.
I believe that as you begin using these communication tips and praising people around you, you’ll see a change in the atmosphere of your work environment. ___40___ Eventually, you’ll find yourself with a more effective team!
A. So you need to be sincere in praise.
B. This is more so in voluntary organizations.
C. People will become happier and smile more.
D. Words aren’t always necessary in praising others.
E. It is much more effective than praising in private.
F. Remember that measured praise is not praise at all.
G. The best way to give praise is by being an example.
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When Prime Minister Winston Churchill was young, he attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a ___41___ student. As a matter of fact, he’d have been thrown out of the school, if he hadn’t been the son of a famous leader. However, he ___42___ his study at Harrow, went on to the university, and then had a successful ___43___ in the army. He later was elected Prime Minister and brought great honor to Britain. Toward the end of his period as Prime Minister, he was____4____ to address the young boys at Harrow, his old ___44___ He gave this short but moving speech: “Young men, never give up. Never give up! Never give up! ___45___!”
Many people___7_____ Abraham Lincoln to be the greatest president of all time. Yet it should be ___46___ how many failures and defeats ___47___ his early life. He grew up on a small farm. In those early years, his family ____48____ had a penny and he had only one year of___11_____education. In 1832, he lost his job. In 1833 he ____49____ in business. In 1835, the woman he loved died. In 1843 he was ____50____when he tried to enter the Congress(国会).
In 1856 he was defeated in the___14_____ for vice president. In spite of these, he didn’t ____51____, and he was elected President of the US in 1860.
Personal history, education, situation—none of these can ____52____ a strong spirit. Some of the world’s greatest people have____17____ huge problems and difficulties at some time in their lives, but they’ve gone on to do ____53____deeds. Bury him in the snows of Valley Forge, and you have a George Washington. Make a musical genius____19____to hear, and you have a Ludwig van Beethoven. Call him__20______ to learn, and write him off as stupid, and you have an Albert Einstein.
41. A. clever B. lazy C. famous D. good
42. A. abandoned B. supported C. completed D. appreciated
43. A. fight B. career C. speech D. movement
44. A. invited B. ordered C. forced D. informed
45. A. family B. school C. centre D. hometown
46 A. Always B. Sometimes C. Once D. Never
47. A. ignore B. want C. sense D. consider
48. A. forgiven B. forgotten C. remembered D. blamed
49. A. respected B. served C. marked D. spared
50. A. usually B. hardly C. fairly D. merely
51. A. regular B. special C. extra D. royal
52. A. appeared B. opened C. succeeded D. failed
53. A. lost B. defeated C. valued D. cared
54. A. exchange B. election C. entrance D. benefit
55 A. make up B. agree with C. take over D. give up
56. A. hold back B. depend on C. keep up D. apply for
57. A. answered B. controlled C. met D. avoided
58. A. crazy B. small C. new D. great
59. A. unable B. hesitate C. hopeful D. likely
60. A. slow B. wise C. quick D. Strong
第II卷 非选择题(50分)
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Simon Wakefield travelled round Yunnan after leaving university. While in Yunnan, he was astonished by how _____61_____(vary) the landscape is. Down in the south, it’s very tropical, but in the northwest, Lijiang, a half new and half old town is on the side of a mountain, its peak _____62_____ (cover) with snow. Seen from above, the old town is a maze in _____63_____ the tourists get lost.
He went to the village where the Naxi ethnic group live. He found that it is the women ____64____ run Naxi society. They have the custom of playing cards in the middle of the street. He also found the Naxi language is the only hieroglyphic language still _____65_____ use and that Naxi culture is _____66_____ (particular) famous for its music. Passed from father to son, the music hasn’t changed for centuries. He went to watch ____67____ performance in an old wooden hall, which _____68_____ (play) by Naxi men, some of whom looked as if they were well over 100 years old.
At last he understood that it is the _____69_____ (diverse) that makes Yunnan attractive. However different people may appear ______70______ (be) at first, we are all the same, all equal.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
71. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
As far as I’m concerned, diligence is much important than intelligence. Firstly, as known to all, a knife will not be sharp if not sharpen regularly. The same is true with studying. In other words, unless you don’t study hard and only depend on your intelligence, perhaps you can get some achievements and stand out in the beginning. But it is no doubt that you will fall behind those whom work hard in the end. Secondly, most great people, like Edison, were not smart at the school, but they get lots of achievements through hard work. However, it proves that diligence can help you to make progresses in study and become a great person.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
72. 假如你是学校英文报社的小记者李华，请你报道你校五月份开展的“班服设计大赛”。内容包括：1.活动目的 2.活动开展情况。
注意：
1.词数 100 左右
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：班服（class uniform）叙永一中高2021级高三上期期末考试
英语试题
第I卷 选择题(100分)
二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
We can all think of times when people didn’t make remembering easy. Directions given at machine-gun speed. New people introduced in a flood of names and handshakes. Whenever information is passed between people, it’s all too easy for it to go in one ear and straight out of the other. Thankfully, the opposite is also true. Look around you, and you’ll see parents who can get their children to remember exactly what they were told; advertisers who know how to imprint their sales messages on our brains.
So, how do they do Their secrets can be summed up in four simple words: focus, imagery, reasons and engagement.
FOCUS means ensuring that the person you’re talking to can concentrate on learning. Choose your moment carefully. Check that they can properly hear or see the information. Communicate slowly and clearly enough for their memory to cope.
IMAGERY helps information to stick. Do everything your can to make other people “see” the ideas you’re giving them. Add visual details to directions, and illustrate abstract concepts with metaphors.
REASONS to remember help people to put in the mental effort. So, make it clear that your words are important, and be explicit about why. Maybe this information will save them time, protect them from embarrassment, or let them enjoy a particular experience or event.
EMGAGEMENT requires you to ask questions. Point out links between new concepts and things listeners already know. Activate their senses, spark their curiosity, get them doing something physical, or simply make them laugh.
The next time you’ve got an important message to pass on, put some of these techniques to the test. You’ll discover that there are benefits on both sides when you know how to FIRE people’s memories into action.
21. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To report new research.
B. To provide some advice.
C. To explain a problem.
D. To define some terms.
22. How can you do to help a listener “focus” on what you are saying
A. Select the appropriate time to raise the topic.
B. Do something humorous to get their attention.
C. Make sure the information provided is correct.
D. Speak as slowly and clearly as you possibly can.
23. Explaining to listeners why your information is important is an example of ________.
A. FOCUS B. IMAGERY
C. REASONS D. ENGAGEMENT
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要针对如何让人们记住你所说的事情，提出了四点意见。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。问整篇文章的目的是什么。根据最后一段The next time you’ve got an important message to pass on, put some of these techniques to the test. 下次你有重要的信息要传递时，试试这些技巧。可知，作者的目的是想要提供一些建议，选项B正确。A. 报道一篇研究；C. 解释一个问题；D. 定义一些术语，不是文章的意图，文章没有传达。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据关键词“focus”定位到第三段Choose your moment carefully. Check that they can properly hear or see the information. 认真选择时机。检查他们是否能正确地听到或看到信息。可知，选项A. Select the appropriate time to raise the topic. 选择适当的时机提出话题。为正确选项；B. Do something humorous to get their attention. 做一些幽默的事情来吸引他们的注意力，没有提到；C. Make sure the information provided is correct. 确保被提供的信息是正确的；没有提及D. Speak as slowly and clearly as you possibly can. 尽可能地说得慢而清楚。为干扰选项。根据Communicate slowly and clearly enough for their memory to cope. 沟通要慢而清晰，让他们的记忆能应付。可知，D不是让听者集中注意力在你说的话中的做法，而是使听众集中注意力后需要注意的事项。故选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据关键词“why your information is important”定位到REASONS to remember help people to put in the mental effort. So, make it clear that your words are important, and be explicit about why. 记住理由有助于人们投入精神上的努力。所以，要清楚地表明你的话是重要的，并明确说明原因。可知，选项C. 理由为正确选项。故选C。
【点睛】细节理解题的做题方法：题干中定位关键词-根据关键词在文中寻找关键句-对比选项-运用排除法，选出答案。例如2.3小题都是细节题，根据关键词“focus”以及 “why your information is important”由此找出文章中对应的关键句Choose your moment carefully. Check that they can properly hear or see the information.以及REASONS to remember help people to put in the mental effort. So, make it clear that your words are important, and be explicit about why.从而选答案，故第2小题选A，第三小题选C。
B
Najib is an Afghan who grew up in Iran. He led a tough life. When he found his children would be in the same situation, his family initially returned to Afghanistan. But with the country filled with conflicts, they decided to leave for Indonesia.
“When we first came here, we were in a bad situation. Its language, culture and even weather were different. We had moved away from friends and family,” says Najib. “I was in a tough position but I acted strong because there were no other choices.”
Refugees (难民) cannot work in Indonesia and there are limited choices for refugee children to attend local schools. Determined to avoid such a fate, a group of refugees in Puncak took action and scraped together (东拼西凑) their resources to set up a school—the Refugee Learning Center (RLC).
“Our only goal and task is to provide basic education, and prepare the refugee children for their future,” says Abdullah Sarwari. “We’re also trying to provide a normal life as much as possible for them.”
The RLC has also started offering Bahasa Indonesia classes to the refugee community. “Between the refugee and the local community, I feel like there’s a language barrier which stops the refugee from having an honest and open interaction with Indonesians,” says Abdullah.
“If you try your best, to learn the language of a particular place or country, it really helps make things easier,” says Najib. He is among those who signed up for classes, although he admits progress has been slow. But life has improved in some ways for him and his family.
Najib says, “The centre is an opportunity for refugee to show that they are not a burden. If they have the opportunity, they can accomplish big and great things like this.”
24. Why did Najib decide to leave for Indonesia
A. To escape the conflict in Afghanistan.
B To experience Indonesian culture.
C. To help refugees in Indonesia.
D. To get equal rights to vote.
25. What’s the main purpose of founding the RLC for refugee children
A. To help them learn English.
B. To make them stay away from bad luck.
C. To provide them with chances to live in Indonesia.
D. To make them have access to receiving basic education.
26. What can we learn about Najib according to the text
A. He is the leader of refugees.
B. He founded the RLC himself.
C. He studies Indonesian in the RLC.
D. He lives a wealthy life in Indonesia.
27. What’s the best title for this text
A. The Goal of Founding a School
B. A School for Refugees by Refugees
C. A Reason for Leaving for Indonesia
D. The Benefit of Learning a New Language
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。纳吉布是在伊朗长大的阿富汗人。他过着艰苦的生活。当他发现他的孩子也将面临同样的处境时，他的家人最初回到了阿富汗。但由于这个国家充满了冲突，他们决定前往印度尼西亚。难民不能在印度尼西亚工作，难民儿童在当地上学的选择有限。为了避免这样的命运，一群来自塔提克的难民采取了行动，聚集他们的资源建立了一所学校——难民学习中心。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的But with the country filled with conflicts, they decided to leave for Indonesia. (但由于这个国家充满了冲突，他们决定前往印度尼西亚)可知，纳吉布决定前往印度尼西亚，以逃避阿富汗的冲突。故选A。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Our only goal and task is to provide basic education, and prepare the refugee children for their future,” says Abdullah Sarwari. (“我们唯一的目标和任务是提供基础教育，为难民儿童的未来做好准备，”阿卜杜拉·萨瓦里说)可知，为难民儿童建立难民学习中心的主要目的是使他们有机会接受基础教育。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中的The RLC has also started offering Bahasa Indonesia classes to the refugee community.(RLC也开始为难民社区提供印尼语课程)及第六段中的“ He is among those who signed up for classes, (他是报名参加课程的学生之一)可知，他在难民学习中心学习印尼语。故选C。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段中的Determined to avoid such a fate, a group of refugees in Puncak took action and scraped together (东拼西凑) their resources to set up a school—the Refugee Learning Center (RLC). (为了避免这样的命运，一群来自塔提克的难民采取了行动，聚集他们的资源建立了一所学校——难民学习中心)及下文对难民学习中心的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了为难民建立的一所学校——难民学习中心。所以短文的最佳标题为“一所由难民建立的难民学校”。故选B。
【点睛】阅读是理解的前提和手段；理解是分析、加工和处理信息，是阅读的目的和结果。因此，做阅读理解题时，考生可以先看题目，然后再看文段，这样带着问题去阅读就更有目的性。如第4小题，What’s the best title for this text 要求判断本文的最佳标题。根据第三段中的Determined to avoid such a fate, a group of refugees in Puncak took action and scraped together (东拼西凑) their resources to set up a school—the Refugee Learning Center (RLC). (为了避免这样的命运，一群来自塔提克的难民采取了行动，聚集他们的资源建立了一所学校——难民学习中心)及下文对难民学习中心的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了为难民建立的一所学校——难民学习中心。由此可知，B. A School for Refugees by Refugees(一所由难民建立的难民学校)适合做本文最佳标题。故选B。
C
Most of Earth's freshwater sits underground. Worldwide, about 70 percent of the groundwater drawn to the surface goes for farming. But surface waters-rivers and streams come from groundwater, too. Drawing too much groundwater over a short time can be harmful. Natural waterways can begin to empty. And that car hurt freshwater ecosystems. Scientists consider this a tipping point when small actions can begin making unusually big differences.
A new study has found that 15 to 21 percent of tapped water(自来水)areas have reached this sort of tipping point. Most of those tapped rivers and streams are in dry areas. Farmers in rates these areas use groundwater to water their crops. At present drawing rates, the study predicts that 42 to 79 percent of water areas around the world where groundwater is drawn up for use at the surface will reach tipping points by 2050.
A healthy groundwater aquifer(含水层)protects ecosystems against seasonal ups and downs in the use of water. That provides stability for area plants and animals. But if too much groundwater is drawn up from below, surface waters will begin to flow into the aquifer, which can harm what are living in rivers and streams.
De Graaf and the study team set up a computer model. It linked groundwater drawing and water flows within rivers. The model covered fifty years, from 1950 to 2010. Then the researchers used climate forecasts to help the model predict what might happen in future years. Throughout, they kept groundwater drawing rates sustainable. More than half of drawn water areas are likely to cross this ecological tipping point before 2050, the model finds.
"We need to be thinking about this now, not in 10 years," De Graaf says. "Our study shows us where to target more sustainable efforts."
28. What does the "tipping point" in paragraph 1 mean
A. End point. B. Breaking point.
C. Freezing point. D. Boiling point.
29. Which of the following causes the "tipping point"
A. Water pollution. B. Climate change.
C. Increasing population. D. Overusing groundwater.
30. What is the part the groundwater plays in the environment .
A. Clearing surface waters to be drinkable.
B. Protecting ecosystems from pollution.
C. Keeping the stability of natural water.
D. Providing stability for the local economy.
31. How did the researchers conduct the study
A. They predicted the result based on old data.
B. They happened to work out the result.
C. They measured all the groundwater and surface water.
D. They did questionnaire surveys on the water information.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。地球上大部分淡水都储存在地下。在世界范围内，从地表抽取的地下水大约有70%用于农业。但是地表水——河流和小溪也来自地下水。在短时间内吸收过多的地下水是有害的。本文主要讲述了自然界中的地下水被过度抽取，对我们的生态环境造成严重的负面影响。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文when small actions can begin making unusually big differences.可知科学家认为小的行动可以开始产生大的影响，因此这是一个临界点。由此可知，划线短语意思为“临界点”。故选B。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中Farmers in rates these areas use groundwater to water their crops. At present drawing rates, the study predicts that 42 to 79 percent of water areas around the world where groundwater is drawn up for use at the surface will reach tipping points by 2050.可知这些地区的农民使用地下水灌溉庄稼。按照目前的开采速度，该研究预测，到2050年，全球42%至79%的地下水被开采出来供地表使用的水域将达到临界点。由此可推知，过度使用地下水是导致达到“临界点”的原因。故选D。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中A healthy groundwater aquifer protects ecosystems against seasonal ups and downs in the use of water.可知一种健康的地下水含水层保护了生态系统免受水的使用的季节起伏。由此可知，地下水在环境中的作用是保持天然水的稳定性。故选C。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中The model covered fifty years, from 1950 to 2010. Then the researchers used climate forecasts to help the model predict what might happen in future years.可知该模型涵盖了50年，从1950年到2010年。然后，研究人员利用气候预测来帮助模型预测未来几年可能发生的事情。由此可知，研究人员通过旧数据预测了结果，来进行这项研究的。故选A。
D
The huge billboard at the side of the highway is no joke; transporting firewood in certain areas is a crime, punishable by a four-thousand-dollar fine. The reason Emerald Ash Borer disease, or EAB disease, a new addition to the long list of dangerous foreign pest infestations（虫害）on American soil. It was in 2002 when the Emerald Ash Borer beetle（甲虫）was first discovered in Michigan. Not long after, the pest was found in Ohio. Originally from Asia, this green beetle probably found its way to North America through a wooden box made of ash wood and immediately settled into a local ash tree. In little time, the species managed to kill millions of ash trees.
To date, much work is underway to stop ash trees ending up in the same group as elm and chestnut trees, which are all dying out in many areas. Ash Borer Infestations are particularly troublesome because they are difficult to identify until the ash tree is heavily infested. In addition, other ash trees in the area surrounding the source will probably also be infested, making control a hard task.
Researchers are working on many issues related to the control and removal of this harmful beetle. For example, it has been discovered that Asian ash trees are not destroyed by this native borer. It may be that, Asian ash trees have developed genes（基因）to protect them from the insect; therein, perhaps, lies the secret to controlling this pest. Insecticide（杀虫剂）treatment is also being explored on several fronts. Research is underway to determine which insecticides are proving to be the most successful. The proper application of the insecticides is being debated.
However, all possible solutions require a great deal of study and research. In the meantime, careful steps must be taken. Methodical identification of infested trees is taking place. Identified trees are being cut down and destroyed to get rid of the beetle colonies（群）. In the end, this puts a huge drain（消耗）on city budgets, as tree removal can be extremely expensive.
Even though it will be expensive to deal with this problem in the short term, the costs of doing nothing could be far higher, since we could lose an entire species of tree.
32. What can we learn about the Emerald Ash Borer beetle
A. It is a newly found species.
B. It can be used to fight foreign pest infestations.
C. It is native to North America.
D. It can cause damaging harm to American ash trees.
33. What is special about Ash Borer infestations
A. They affect Asian ash trees most frequently.
B. They are difficult to identify and get rid of.
C. They break out at certain times every year.
D. They spread slowly in a small area.
34. What method is currently used to control EAB disease
A. Gene activation. B. Insecticide use.
C. Removing infested trees. D. Introducing the beetle’s enemies.
35. Which of the following might the author agree with
A. Healthy trees should be relocated and protected.
B. Protecting the ash tree should be done at any cost.
C. Government budget for tree removal should be cut.
D. Measures that have side effects should be avoided.
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了由外来物种引发的EAB病在北美洲的情况及其应对措施。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“a new addition to the long list of dangerous foreign pest infestations on American soil”(美国领土上的外国害虫危险名单上又多了一个新成员)和“In little time, the species managed to kill millions of ash trees”(在很短的时间内，这个物种成功地杀死了数百万棵白蜡树)可知，Emerald Ash Borer beetle这种外来物种引发的虫害对美国本土造成了极大的破坏，在很短的时间内，该物种就杀死了数百万棵白蜡树。故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“because they are difficult to identify until the ash tree is heavily infested”(因为在白蜡树被大量寄生之前，很难辨认它们的身份)和“other ash trees in the area surrounding the source will probably also be infested, making control a hard task”(源头周围的其他白蜡树可能也会被感染，这使得控制变得很困难)可知，EAB这种虫害早期不易识别且难以控制。故选B。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Identified trees are being cut down and destroyed”(已确认的树木正在被砍伐和摧毁)可知，为控制EAB虫害，目前采取的措施是将患病的树木砍伐并移除。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even though it will be expensive to deal with this problem in the short term, the costs of doing nothing could be far higher, since we could lose an entire species of tree.”(尽管在短期内解决这个问题代价高昂，但无所作为的代价可能会高得多，因为我们可能会失去整个树种。)可知，作者认为尽管在短期内解决虫害问题的成本很高，但比起失去整个树种的代价，目前的成本都是值得的，因此作者应该会支持尽全力保护白蜡树这一树种。故选B。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Learning to Give Praise to Others
Words of praise, when used right, can have powerful positive effects on others. They are free, but they’re worth so much to the receiving person. ___36___ Your members didn’t follow you because of salaries but for more altruistic (利他的) reasons. Therefore, it is important that you give them the praise that is due for their efforts.
___37___ Don’t say, “You look good today.” when you could have said, “You look amazing today!” Don’t say, “Thanks for your effort.” Instead say, “I’m so thankful for your being on this project, we couldn’t have finished it without you!”
Of course, with what I have mentioned above, be sure it’s coming from your heart. ___38___ Don’t praise if you don’t have a hint of appreciation for the person. Trust me, it will show in your eyes and the other party will feel upset. Insincere praise is flattery (恭维); you attempt to gain something from saying good things about the other person.
Besides, praising in public is rather important. ___39___ When you praise a partner in public, you lift him up and his conduct for everyone in the room to see. Look for opportunities where you can publicly celebrate the hard work of certain people and make them feel they are great.
I believe that as you begin using these communication tips and praising people around you, you’ll see a change in the atmosphere of your work environment. ___40___ Eventually, you’ll find yourself with a more effective team!
A. So you need to be sincere in praise.
B. This is more so in voluntary organizations.
C. People will become happier and smile more.
D. Words aren’t always necessary in praising others.
E. It is much more effective than praising in private.
F. Remember that measured praise is not praise at all.
G. The best way to give praise is by being an example.
【答案】36. B 37. F 38. A 39. E 40. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述如何表扬他人的建议。
【36题详解】
下文“Your members didn’t follow you because of salaries but for more altruistic (利他的) reasons. Therefore, it is important that you give them the praise that is due for their efforts.”（成员跟随着你并不是为了薪水，而是因为更多利他原因。因此，对他们的努力表示赞美是非常重要的）与B. This is more so in voluntary organizations.（志愿组织更是如此）承接自然，选项中的voluntary呼应下文的but for more altruistic (利他的) reasons（志愿者不是为了工资，而是为了其他利他原因而工作）。故选B。
【37题详解】
根据下文的“Don’t say, “You look good today.” when you could have said, “You look amazing today!” Don’t say, “Thanks for your effort.” Instead say, “I’m so thankful for your being on this project; we couldn’t have finished it without you!””（当你本可以说“你今天看起来很棒”时不要说“你今天看起来不错”。不要说“谢谢你的努力”，而要说“非常感谢你来参加这个项目，没有你我们不可能完成它”）可知，作者建议表扬他人时不要吝惜言辞。E项“记住，有尺度的赞美根本不是赞美。”符合上下文语境，也是本段的主题句。故选F。
【38题详解】
根据上文“Of course, with what I have mentioned above, be sure it’s coming from your heart.”（当然，对于我以上提到的，要确保的是这些话是发自你的内心）和下文“Don’t praise if you don’t have a hint of appreciation for the person.”（如果你没有一点欣赏的意思就不要赞美）可知，赞美一定要发自内心，所以当你赞美他人时一定要真诚。A项“所以你需要真诚的赞美。” 符合上下文语境。故选A。
39题详解】
根据上文“Besides, praising in public is rather important.”（此外，在公开场合赞美也非常重要）和下文“When you praise a partner in public, you lift him up and his conduct for everyone in the room to see.”（当你在公开场合赞美搭档时，你就提升了他，让在场的所有人都看到他的行为）可知，公开赞美他人比私下赞美好。E项“它比私下赞美要有效得多。”符合语境，选项中的it指代上文提到的praising in public。故选E。
【40题详解】
根据上文的“I believe that as you begin using these communication tips and praising people around you, you’ll see a change in the atmosphere of your work environment.”（我相信，当你开始使用这些沟通技巧，以及赞美你周围的人时，你会看到你的工作氛围的改变。）和下文“Eventually, you’ll find yourself with a more effective team!”（最终，你会发现你自己拥有一个更高效的团队。）可知，设空处应陈述工作氛围变得越来越好。C项“人们会变得越来越快乐，微笑也更多”符合语境。故选C。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When Prime Minister Winston Churchill was young, he attended a public school called Harrow. He was not a ___41___ student. As a matter of fact, he’d have been thrown out of the school, if he hadn’t been the son of a famous leader. However, he ___42___ his study at Harrow, went on to the university, and then had a successful ___43___ in the army. He later was elected Prime Minister and brought great honor to Britain. Toward the end of his period as Prime Minister, he was____4____ to address the young boys at Harrow, his old ___44___ He gave this short but moving speech: “Young men, never give up. Never give up! Never give up! ___45___!”
Many people___7_____ Abraham Lincoln to be the greatest president of all time. Yet it should be ___46___ how many failures and defeats ___47___ his early life. He grew up on a small farm. In those early years, his family ____48____ had a penny and he had only one year of___11_____education. In 1832, he lost his job. In 1833 he ____49____ in business. In 1835, the woman he loved died. In 1843 he was ____50____when he tried to enter the Congress(国会).
In 1856, he was defeated in the___14_____ for vice president. In spite of these, he didn’t ____51____, and he was elected President of the US in 1860.
Personal history, education, situation—none of these can ____52____ a strong spirit. Some of the world’s greatest people have____17____ huge problems and difficulties at some time in their lives, but they’ve gone on to do ____53____deeds. Bury him in the snows of Valley Forge, and you have a George Washington. Make a musical genius____19____to hear, and you have a Ludwig van Beethoven. Call him__20______ to learn, and write him off as stupid, and you have an Albert Einstein.
41. A. clever B. lazy C. famous D. good
42. A. abandoned B. supported C. completed D. appreciated
43. A. fight B. career C. speech D. movement
44. A. invited B. ordered C. forced D. informed
45. A. family B. school C. centre D. hometown
46. A. Always B. Sometimes C. Once D. Never
47. A. ignore B. want C. sense D. consider
48. A. forgiven B. forgotten C. remembered D. blamed
49. A. respected B. served C. marked D. spared
50. A. usually B. hardly C. fairly D. merely
51 A. regular B. special C. extra D. royal
52. A. appeared B. opened C. succeeded D. failed
53. A. lost B. defeated C. valued D. cared
54. A. exchange B. election C. entrance D. benefit
55. A. make up B. agree with C. take over D. give up
56. A. hold back B. depend on C. keep up D. apply for
57. A. answered B. controlled C. met D. avoided
58. A. crazy B. small C. new D. great
59. A. unable B. hesitate C. hopeful D. likely
60. A. slow B. wise C. quick D. Strong
【答案】41. D 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. B 46. D 47. D 48. C 49. C 50. B 51. A 52. D 53. B 54. B 55. D 56. A 57. C 58. D 59. A 60. A
【解析】
【分析】试题分析：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，文章以世界著名领导人丘吉尔和林肯为例告诉我们了不管生活中遇到多大的困难，都不要轻易放弃，什么都无法阻挡一颗强大的内心。
【41题详解】
D考查形容词辨析。句意：他不是一个好学生。A. clever聪明的；B. lazy懒惰的；C. famous著名的； D. good好的；根据“As a matter of fact, he’d have been thrown out of the school,”可知，他不是一个好学生，所以答案是D。
【42题详解】
C考查动词辨析。句意：然而，他在哈罗公学完成了学业，上了大学，然后在军队里取得了成功。A. abandoned遗弃； B. supported支持；C. completed完成；D. appreciated欣赏、感激；上文说她不是一个好学生，如果不是因为他是一位著名领导人的儿子，他早就被学校开除了，However表明他却完成了学业，所以答案是C。
【43题详解】
B考查名词辨析。句意同上。A. fight打仗；B. career职业； C. speech演讲； D. movement运动；根据语境可知，他在军队里有一个成功的职业生涯，所以答案是B。
【44题详解】
A考查动词辨析。句意：他在首相任职结束的时候，被邀请到他的母校做演讲。A. invited邀请； B. ordered命令； C. forced强制；D. informed通知；根据“to address the young boys at Harrow”可知，他被邀请到他的母校做演讲，所以答案是A。
【45题详解】
B考查名词辨析。句意同上。A. family家庭；B. school学校； C. Center中心；D. hometown家乡；由前文可知哈罗公学是他的母校，所以答案是B。
【46题详解】
D考查副词辨析。句意：年轻人们，永远不要放弃，永远。A. Always经常；B. Sometimes有时；C. Once一次；D. Never从不；根据语境可知，他告诫学生们永远不要放弃，所以答案是D。
【47题详解】
D考查动词辨析。句意：许多人认为林肯是一位伟大的总统。A. ignore忽视；B. want想要；C. sense感觉；D. consider认为；根据语境和常识可知，人们认为林肯是一位伟大的总统，所以答案是D。
【48题详解】
C考查动词辨析。句意：我们应该记着在他的生命里有多少失败的印记，A. forgiven原谅； B. forgotten忘记；C. remembered 记住； D. blamed责备；根据语境可知，人们认为林肯很伟大，但我们也应该记着他也经历过很多失败，所以答案是C。
【49题详解】
C考查动词辨析。句意同上。A.respected尊敬；B. served服务；C.marked标志、印记； D. spared节省；根据语境可知无数的失败在他的生命里留下了印记，所以答案是C。
【50题详解】
B考查副词辨析。句意：他的家里几乎没有一分钱，他只接受了一年的正规教育。A. usually 通常；B. hardly几乎不；C. fairly公平的；D. merely仅仅；根据语境可知，他的家里很穷，几乎没有一分钱，所以答案是B。
【51题详解】
A考查形容词辨析。句意同上。A. regular规律的；B. special特殊的；C. extra额外的； D. royal忠诚的。家里面没有钱，自然是上不起学，所以他只接受了一年的正规教育，所以答案是A。
【52题详解】
D考查动词辨析。句意：在1833年的时候他做生意失败了。A. appeared出现； B. opened打开；C. succeeded成功；D. failed失败；上文说林肯也经历过很多失败，因此此处是说他做生意失败了，所以答案是D。
【53题详解】
B考查动词辨析。句意：1843年他在国会竞选中被击败了。A. lost失去；B. defeated击败； C. valued价值；D. cared关心。根据语境，在国会竞选中被击败也是林肯经历过的众多失败之一，所以答案是B。
【54题详解】
B考查名词辨析。句意：1856年他在副总统竞选中被击败了。A. exchange改变；B. election选举；C. entrance进入；D. benefit受益；根据语境可知此处指“副总统竞选”，所以答案是B。
【55题详解】
D考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管失败了很多次，但他并没放弃。A. make up弥补；B. agree with同意；C. take over接收； D. give up放弃；本文主要讲的就是两位名人经历无数失败却没有放弃的事情，所以答案是D。
【56题详解】
A考查动词短语辨析。句意：个人历史、教育及环境这些问题都不能阻挡住一颗强大的心。A. hold back阻挡；B. depend on依靠；C. keep up保持；D. apply for申请；根据语境可知，个人历史、教育及环境这些问题都不能阻挡住一颗强大的内心，所以答案是A。
【57题详解】
C考查动词辨析。句意：一些世界著名的人物在他们的生命中也会遇到巨大的困难和问题，但是他们仍然在做伟大的事业。A. answered回答；B. controlled控制；C. met遇见； D. avoided避免；根据上文的讲述可知，丘吉尔和林肯在他们的生命中也会遇到巨大的困难和问题，所以答案是C。
【58题详解】
D考查形容词辨析。句意同上。A. crazy疯狂的；B. small小的； C. new新的； D. great伟大的；根据语境和常识可知，像丘吉尔和林肯这样著名的人物投身的事业也是伟大的，所以答案是D。
【59题详解】
A考查形容词辨析。句意：让一个音乐天才听不见，你就有了一个路德维希·凡·贝多芬。A. unable无能为力的； B. hesitate犹豫的； C. hopeful有希望的； D. likely可能的；根据常识可知，贝多芬没有听力，所以答案是A。
【60题详解】
A考查形容词辨析。句意：说他学得慢，说他笨，你就有了一个阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦。A. slow慢的；B. wise明智的；C. quick迅速的；D. Strong强壮的；根据常识可知，爱因斯坦小时候经常被老师说笨，学东西很慢，所以答案是A。
考点：哲理类短文
第II卷 非选择题(50分)
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Simon Wakefield travelled round Yunnan after leaving university. While in Yunnan, he was astonished by how _____61_____(vary) the landscape is. Down in the south, it’s very tropical, but in the northwest, Lijiang, a half new and half old town is on the side of a mountain, its peak _____62_____ (cover) with snow. Seen from above, the old town is a maze in _____63_____ the tourists get lost.
He went to the village where the Naxi ethnic group live. He found that it is the women ____64____ run Naxi society. They have the custom of playing cards in the middle of the street. He also found the Naxi language is the only hieroglyphic language still _____65_____ use and that Naxi culture is _____66_____ (particular) famous for its music. Passed from father to son, the music hasn’t changed for centuries. He went to watch ____67____ performance in an old wooden hall, which _____68_____ (play) by Naxi men, some of whom looked as if they were well over 100 years old.
At last he understood that it is the _____69_____ (diverse) that makes Yunnan attractive. However different people may appear ______70______ (be) at first, we are all the same, all equal.
【答案】61. varied
62. covered
63 which 64. who/that
65. in 66. particularly
67. a 68. was played
69. diversity
70. to be
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了外国人Simon Wakefield云南之行的所见所感。
【61题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在云南的时候，他被那里多姿多彩的景色所震惊。此处为“how+形容词+主谓”形式的感叹句，此处需要填形容词，表示“多姿多彩的”，应用形容词varied，侧重多样性。故填varied。
【62题详解】
考查独立主格结构。句意：在南方，这里很有热带风情，但在云南西北的丽江，一个半新半旧的小镇就在山的一侧，山峰上覆盖着白雪。两分句间无连词，因此此处为独立主格结构，its peak与cover构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词表被动。故填covered。
【63题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：从上往下看，这座古城就像个迷宫，游客们常常在里面迷路。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词maze，作介词in的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。
【64题详解】
考查强调句。句意：他发现是妇女在管理纳西族。分析句子结构可知此处为强调句结构“it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”，此处被强调部分为the women。故填who/that。
【65题详解】
考查介词。句意：他还发现纳西语是唯一仍在使用的象形文字的语言，纳西族文化尤其以其音乐而闻名。表示“在使用中”短语为in use。故填in。
【66题详解】
考查副词。句意同上。修饰后文形容词famous应用副词particularly，作状语。故填particularly。
【67题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他去一个古老的木制大厅观看由纳西族男子上演的一场表演，其中一些人看起来像100多岁的老人。表示具体的表演，performance是可数名词，此处表泛指“一场表演”应用不定冠词，且performance是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。
【68题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意同上。根据上文went可知应用一般过去时，且定语从句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。从句中谓语动词的数与先行词performance保持一致，应用单数。故填was played。
【69题详解】
考查名词。句意：最后，他明白了云南之所以吸引人，是因为它的多样性。此处为强调句，强调的是主语，用名词diversity，表示抽象意义，不可数。故填diversity。
【70题详解】
考查不定式。句意：无论人们最初看起来是怎样的不同，我们都是一样的，都是平等的。appear后跟动词不定式,appear to do好像……。故填to be。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
71. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
As far as I’m concerned, diligence is much important than intelligence. Firstly, as known to all, a knife will not be sharp if not sharpen regularly. The same is true with studying. In other words, unless you don’t study hard and only depend on your intelligence, perhaps you can get some achievements and stand out in the beginning. But it is no doubt that you will fall behind those whom work hard in the end. Secondly, most great people, like Edison, were not smart at the school, but they get lots of achievements through hard work. However, it proves that diligence can help you to make progresses in study and become a great person.
【答案】1.much→more或much后加more
2.as后加is
3.sharpen→sharpened
4.unless→if
5. it→there
6.whom→who
7.去掉school前的the
8.get→got
9.However→Therefore
10.progresses→progress
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。作者认为勤奋比聪明重要得多，并且陈述了两点理由。
【详解】1.考查比较级。根据后文than intelligence可知此处应用形容词比较级，important是多音节词，其比较级是在前面加more；也可看作much修饰比较级，在important前加more构成比较级。故much改为more或者much后加more。
2.考查固定短语。句意：首先，众所周知，一把刀如果不经常磨是不会锋利的。结合句意表示“众所周知”短语为as is known to all，as引导非限制性定语从句，is作为从句的谓语动词。故as后加is。
3.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处为if引导的条件状语从句，省略了与主句相同的主语和be动词，主语a knife与sharpen之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故sharpen改为sharpened。
4.考查状语从句。句意：换句话说，如果你不努力学习，只靠自己的聪明才智，或许能在一开始就取得一些成绩，脱颖而出。unless表示“除非”，从句中已经有否定词not，if…not相当于unless。故unless改为if。
5.考查固定句型。句意：但毫无疑问，你最终会落后于那些努力工作的人。表示“毫无疑问……”句型为there is no doubt that…。故it改为there。
6.考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词those，且先行词在从句中作主语，指人，只能用关系代词who引导定语从句，不能用that。故whom改为who。
7.考查冠词。句意：其次，大多数伟大的人，像爱迪生，在学校并不聪明，但他们通过努力工作获得了很多成就。结合句意表示“在学校”短语为at school。故去掉school前的the。
8.考查动词时态。句意同上。此处描述的是一些伟人的过去，应用一般过去时。故get改为got。
9.考查副词。句意：因此，这证明勤奋可以帮助你在学习上取得进步，成为一个伟大的人。结合上下文内容可知，此处为因果关系，应用therefore。故However改为Therefore。
10.考查名词。progress为不可数名词，没有复数形式。故progresses改为progress。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
72. 假如你是学校英文报社的小记者李华，请你报道你校五月份开展的“班服设计大赛”。内容包括：1.活动目的 2.活动开展情况。
注意：
1.词数 100 左右
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：班服（class uniform）
【答案】 With the purpose of cultivating students’ creativity and encouraging us to find and appreciate the beauty in our school life, a class uniform design competition was held in May.
The competition caught a great number of students’ and parents’ attention. A total of 40 works were received, all of which were submitted through the Internet. There are various styles of class uniform. Some came from the inspiration of nature, and some were designed to reflect their class mottos. According to online voting, the work comes from Class 6, Senior 1 has gained the most popularity for its unique design.
The activity has become a real hit in our campus and encouraged more students to show their talents bravely.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇提纲类写作。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假如你是学校英文报社的小记者李华，请你报道你校五月份开展的“班服设计大赛”。内容包括：1.活动目的 2.活动开展情况。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：with the purpose of (为了……)；encourage us to do（鼓励某人做某事）；catch one’s attention（吸引某人的注意力）；a great number of (许多)；class uniform (班服)；submit(提交)；inspiration (灵感)；According to （根据）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般过去时。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如A total of 40 works were received, all of which were submitted through the Internet.运用非限制性定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
