永年二中2023 -2024学年高二年级第一学期第一次月考
英语试卷
(考试时间: 120分钟试卷满分: 150分)
注意事项:
1.本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分,答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答第I卷时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号,写在本试卷上无效。
3.回答第II卷时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。 每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置,听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题,每段对话仅读一遍。
1 What does Michelle want to do
A. Have dinner. B. Do her homework. C. Write a thank-you note.
2. What will the speakers do this weekend
A. Go to Disneyland. B. Visit a museum. C. Write an article.
3. When did the woman come to the US
A. ln1973. B. In 1975. C. In1977.
4. How is probably the weather today
A. Warm. B. Hot. C. Wet.
5. What are the speakers talking about
A.ATY show. B. The man’s hobby. C. Wildlife protection.
第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟:听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. What did Jason think of Karen’s food
A. Delicious. B. Unhealthy, C. Terrible.
7. What does the woman suggest Jason do
A. Observe the bees. B. Have some ice cream. C. Study English slang.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
8. What is the man’s plan for the weekend
A. Attending a wedding. B. Going to a party. C. Watching a film.
9. Why will the woman throw a party this Saturday
A. For house-warming. B. For her birthday. C. For a promotion.
听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
10. What can kids do through Bryan’s Facebook page
A. Listen to stories. B. Chat with friends. C. Enjoy nice photos.
11. Who inspired Bryan to start a Facebook page
A. His father. B. His mother. C. His grandmother.
12 What does Bryan want the woman to do
A. Join him in reading stories. B. Record kids’ daily life. C Spend more time with kids.
第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
13. Where might Henry be when he smelled some smoke
A. In the yard. B. In the kitchen. C. In the living room.
14. Who called 911
A. Henry. B. A bystander. C. The guy in the burning house.
15. How many people ran into the burning house
A.1. B.2. C.3.
16. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Brother and sister B. Colleagues. C. Interviewer and interviewee.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17. How old is the speaker’s brother
A.15. B.19. C.20.
18. What is the speaker ‘s mother
A. A police officer. B.A nurse. C.A firefighter.
19. Why is it hard for the speaker to see her brother now
A. Her brother has been infected with COVID-19.
B. Her brother is in isolation because of COVID-19.
C. Her brother is busy helping fight against COVID-19.
20. What docs the speaker decide to do in the future
A. Help more people like her brother,
B. Spend more time with family.
C. Study in a police training school.
第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,潢分37.5 分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Discover how you can help endangered species! Volunteer to help conserve endangered species around the world with GoEco.
Sea turtles, Sri Lanka
The species is threatened by human hunters. The Sri Lankan government has approved the creation of hatcheries (孵化场) in order to protect this species. Volunteers on this program spend 60% of their time working in the hatchery and the other 40% is spent on activities such as beach cleanups and creating awareness within the local community.
Program Fees: $1,280 for 2 weeks and $1,680 per month for volunteers.
Wildlife Rescue, Western Australia
Adult kangaroos and wallabies are hunted for food, leaving thousands of their babies without parents. Many are killed or injured in road accidents. At the wildlife rescue center in Perth, Western Australia, volunteers live and help in the bushland caring for sick, injured, and displaced animals.
Program Fee: $2,095 for four weeks. Volunteers stay on-site in a small room. Due to very limited space, applications must be sent at least 9-12 months in advance.
Endangered Species Reserve, South Africa
The project will give you an incredible wildlife experience while learning about conservation efforts. For the rest of the time between monitoring sessions, volunteers are required to enter all the data that they have collected into our databases. At times, volunteers need to operate on night shifts. We also give lectures and presentations over the lunch period.
Program Fee: $1,750 for 2 weeks
Big Cat Refuge, South Africa
As a volunteer on this project you will be involved in a wide variety of activities. Volunteer’s work ranges from enrichment activities, such as toy-making and farm work, to educating the visitors. Volunteers will also directly care for the cats by preparing food or feeding them as well as maintaining their living space.
Program Fee: $1,450 for 2 weeks
1. What is the monthly project fee for volunteers in Sri Lanka
A. $1,280. B. $1,680. C. $2,560. D. $2,960.
2. What is required of volunteers for the project in Western Australia
A. Having previous experience.
B. Working night shifts sometimes.
C. Applying for the project in advance.
D. Having a good knowledge of wildlife.
3. What can volunteers do for the project Big Cat Refuge
A. Study the habits of big cats.
B. Help to sell some toys about cats.
C. Guide visitors to the habitat of the cats.
D. Do daily routines in the cats’ living space.
B
A gene variant (变体) that causes the “alcohol flush (脸红)” reaction increases the risk of heart disease by causing inflammation of blood vessels (脉管), especially in drinkers. Around 8 percent of the world’s populations has a gene variant called ALDH2*2 that impairs the body’s ability to break down alcohol and causes unpleasant symptoms such as flushing soon after people drink. Now, researchers have shown why this change also raises the risk of heart disease.
“We are trying to understand why ALDH2*2 is associated with a higher risk of coronary arte (冠状动脉) disease at a cellular (细胞) level,” says Hongchao Guo at Stanford University in California.
The ALDH2*2 gene encodes one version of the enzyme (酵素) alcohol dehydrogenase (脱氢酶), which breaks down the toxic acetaldehydes (乙醛) produced when alcohol is metabolized (代谢), and also mops up other harmful substances known as free radicals.
The gene variant also impairs the growth of new blood vessels. “That means that when there is a heart attack, when there is a need of blood vessel growth, carriers have less ability to generate new blood vessels,” says Guo.
The team found that an existing diabetes (糖尿病) drug called empagliflozin may reduce these harmful effects in people with ALDH2*2 who drink a lot of alcohol. But for Wu, the take-home message is clear. “If you’re missing this enzyme, try not to drink,” he says. “If you drink consistently, you are at much higher risk of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and cancer.”
Given its many negative consequences, there has been debate about why this change spread and became common, today being found in more than a third of people of cast Asian origin.
“My only explanation is that if you are missing this enzyme, you tend to drink less and there’s therefore less chance of you becoming alcoholic,” says Wu.
4. Which of the following may be caused by “alcohol flush”
A. Heart disease and high blood pressure. B. A gene variant called ALDH2*2.
C. Inflammation of blood vessels. D. Diabetes and cancer.
5. Which of the following statement may Wu support
A. Exiting diabetes drug can help people witALDH2*2.
B. People with ALDH2*2 shouldn’t drink alcohol.
C. People with ALDH2*2 have less chance of becoming alcoholic.
D. Drinking alcohol can bring about diabetes and cancer.
6. What can we learn from the passage
A. Diabetes drug can free people with ALDH2*2 of alcohol flush.
B. If you are missing this enzyme, you will easily become alcoholic.
C. People with ALDH2*2 tend to suffer from cancer.
D. More than a third of people of cast Asian origin may be affected by ALDH2*2.
7. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To explain the impact of genetic variant causing the “alcohol flush”.
B. To introduce ways to stop drinking alcohol.
C. To introduce dangers of drinking alcohol.
D. To persuade people to get rid of drinking alcohol.
C
Caffeine (咖啡因) is linked to lower body mass index (BMI) and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (糖尿病). Genetic differences in how people metabolise (代谢) caffeine may influence how overweight they are, but this doesn’t mean drinking more coffee will make you slimmer.
Genetic evidence indicates that higher levels of caffeine in a person’s blood may be linked with lower weight. But people shouldn’t assume that drinking more coffee will be a route to weight loss, says Dipender Gill at Imperial College London, who helped carry out the study. Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive (对精神起作用的) substance, with many people consuming much coffee or caffeinated soft drinks a day.
Numerous studies have previously suggested that caffeine consumption is linked with lower weight. But these were mainly observational studies, which recorded people’s health and their caffeine consumption, making it hard to know if caffeine caused the effects or just correlated with them. Gill’s team used an alternative approach, looking at genetic differences in how quickly people break down caffeine to mimic (模仿) the effects of giving different amounts in a random trial.
There are two genes that affect people’s ability to break down caffeine, meaning that after consuming the same amount of it, people with different variants would have different levels of it in their blood. Gill and his colleagues analysed data from several previous studies that recorded people’s DNA and tracked their health. They included nearly 10,000 people in total, although most included only people of European ancestry.
The studies didn’t analyse blood samples, but previous work has shown that those who break down caffeine more slowly have higher levels of it in their blood on average — even though they tend to drink less coffee. The team found that people genetically predisposed (有倾向的) to have higher caffeine levels had a lower BMI, a measure of a person’s weight in relation to their height; lower fat mass; and a lower likelihood of having type 2 diabetes, a condition linked with being overweight.
“We know that caffeine affects metabolism (新陈代谢) and how energetic someone is. It makes sense that there might be an association,” says Benjamin Woolf at the University of Bristol, UK, who also worked on the study. Gill says people shouldn’t change their drinking habits based on these results — and that people wanting to lose weight should be especially wary of consuming milky and sugary coffee drinks. “A lot of caffeinated drinks are quite calorific,” he says. “Caffeine can have other harmful effects, including effects on sleep and heart function.”
8. What can we learn about caffeine
A. Caffeine can make you have a slim figure,
B. The people thinner may have higher levels of caffeine in a their blood.
C. Caffeine is the most psychoactive substance in the world.
D. Caffeine can be only found in people’s blood.
9. Which of the following method was used in the studies
A. By finishing a questionnaire. B. By doing investigation.
C. By analyzing previous data. D. By collecting blood sample.
10. What does the underlined word probably mean in the last paragraph
A. Cautious. B. Scared. C. Aware. D. Doubtful.
11. Which of the following statements may be supported by Gill
A. People should drink more coffee to lose weight.
B. Europeans are more likely to be affected by coffee.
C. Those breaking down caffeine more slowly have higher levels of it in their blood.
D. Caffeine may have an impact on your sleep and heart.
D
Imagine being able to go to your local park and pick some tomatoes, potatoes or even bananas to take home for dinner. Sounds too good to be true, right For residents of Andernach, a German city, it’s not just a Utopian dream — it’s their reality. In 2010, Andernach began its “edible city” project, planting 101 varieties of tomatoes in public green spaces around the city centre. Its 30,000 residents are free to help themselves to whatever grows, as are any other visitors. Every year a new type of plant is introduced. In 2011, 100 types of beans were planted, while 2012 saw the introduction of 20 onion varieties. The town’s motto (座右铭) is, “Picking is encouraged — help yourself!”
It’s a community effort, as local citizens are encouraged to help plant and maintain the gardens. This offers an opportunity to socialize as well as to learn about planting, cultivating and harvesting food. “I often drop by to pick some herbs that I’m missing at home. Everything is easily accessible. There aren’t any fences. You just take what you need. The only thing is you have to be quick once the fruits are ripe or they’ll all be gone!” said a local historian.
Andernach may be the first, but it isn’t the only edible city. It’s part of the Edible Cities Network, an EU-funded project connecting green urban food initiatives (倡议) around the world. Other edible cities include Carthage in Tunisia, Havana in Cuba and empeter-Vrtojba in Slovenia. In February 2022, the first Edible Cities Network Conference took place. Dr. Ina S umel, Principal Investigator of the Edible Cities Network, called it, “a unique opportunity to invite researchers and practitioners (从业人员) of Edible City Solutions to the same table and unite theory with practice”.
Ultimately, the Edible Cities Network aims to create “greener, more edible and, above all, more livable cities”. It is a response to the pressures of climate change, and a cause for hope.
12. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A. The process of Andernach’s growth.
B. The green food project in Andernach.
C. Methods of planting vegetables in Europe.
D. The popularity of Andernach’s city design.
13. What is the attitude of the local historian mentioned in paragraph 2 towards the project
A. Doubtful. B. Indifferent.
C. Positive. D. Negative.
14. What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A. Green urban food has drawn more attention.
B German rural areas will follow the trend too.
C. Asia will join the Edible Cities Network soon.
D. Edible cities hold meetings on a regular base.
15. Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A. Start a Green Food Campaign Now
B. Gain Easy Access to German Food
C. Quick Response to Climate Change
D. An Incredible “Edible City” Initiative
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
Naps don’t just feel amazing — they are amazing. ___16___ The American Psychological Association points out that naps can improve memory, learning capacity, immune system function and mood. ___17___
STAGE 1: the dozing of period;
STAGE 2: muscles, heart rate and brain activity slow down;
STAGE 3: deep, restorative sleep;
STAGE 4: REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, when brain activity increases and you’re most likely to dream. ___18___
THE 20-MINUTE NAP Between 20 and 30 minutes is a napping sweet spot, says Mednick, as you get enough Stage 2 sleep to switch your body and mind into full relaxation mode, helping boost memory. THE 60-MINUTE NAP Stage 3 sleep is a time for your body to repair tissue, strengthen the immune system and recharge energy stores. ___19___ Most people start to move out of Stage 3 after around 60 minutes, which makes it a good time to set your alarm. THE 90-MINUTE NAP A complete sleep cycle is about an hour and a half, and napping for a full cycle can have big benefits. But naps longer than 90 minutes can interfere with night time sleep and might even weaken memory existence, according to a study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Not a regular napper That’s OK. ___20___
A. But waking up during this phase can make you feel dizzy, Mednick says.
B. Many people don’t form a habit of regular naps.
C. Cognitive neuroscientist Professor Mednick explains that when you fall asleep, your body moves through stages that each play a role in health.
D. However, Mednick explains that the longer the naps are, the healthier you will get.
E. Ideal napping times are based around this four-stage cycle.
F. A study published in the journal Heart found a link between healthy napping and a lowered risk of heart disease.
G. “Everyone needs to rest, but not everyone necessarily needs to nap,” says Mednick.
第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15题;每小题1分,满分15分)
The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. Many people ___21___ it this way, “A man comes to this world with his fist clenched (紧握), but when he dies, his hand is ___22___.”
Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is ___23___, and full of a beauty that breaks through your own earth. Sometimes we recognize this ___24___ only in our backward glance when we suddenly realize that it is no more.
We remember a beauty that ___25___, a love that disappeared. But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we ___26___ to respond with love when it was tendered.
A recent experience re-taught me this truth. I was ___27___ following a severe heart attack and had been in intensive care for several days. It was not a pleasant place.
One morning, I had to have some additional tests. The required machines were located in a building at the opposite end of the hospital, so I had to be ___28___ across the courtyard on a gurney (轮床).
As we ___29___ from our unit, the sunlight hit me. That’s ____30____. And yet how beautiful it was — how warming, how sparkling, how brilliant!
I looked to see whether anyone else enjoyed the sun’s golden glow, but everyone was ____31____ to and fro, most with eyes fixed on the ground. Then I remembered how often we had been ____32____ to the beauty of each day, too preoccupied with chores. Life’s gifts are ____33____ — but we always pay no attention to them.
Never too busy for the wonder and the awe of life. Embrace each hour, ____34____ each golden minute. Hold fast to life… but not so fast that you can’t let go. We must ____35____ our losses, and learn how to let go.
21. A. take B. put C. make D. get
22. A. closed B. tight C. open D. smooth
23. A. amazing B. surprising C. frightening D. frustrating
24. A. gossip B. fact C. message D. truth
25. A. faded B. ran C. escaped D. jumped
26. A. tackled B. reflected C. failed D. succeeded
27. A. hospitalized B. transferred C. exchanged D. delivered
28. A. rolled B. wheeled C. pushed D. pulled
29. A. jumped B. turned C. disappeared D. emerged
30. A. horrible B. terrible C. awesome D. shocking
31. A. smiling B. hurrying C. trembling D. lying
32. A. indifferent B. patient C. innocent D. excellent
33. A. useful B. expensive C. valueless D. precious
34. A. strike B. hit C. seize D. use
35. A. accept B. give up C. stick to D. cope with
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The true origins of silk fabric will likely never be known. The best that can be done is___36___ (search) the archaeological (考古) record for its earliest traces. A silkworm cocoon (茧) was discovered at a site in China ___37___ (date) to 5,000-3,000 BCE. Those___38___found it thought that the cocoon had been cut open___39___ (deliberate).
This seems unlikely to have been done if the cocoon was to be used to produce silk ___40___cutting the cocoon reduces the length of the silk fibres. Silkworm larvae (幼虫) have been, and still ___41___ (eat) in several countries, so it may be that this example was used for food rather than fashion.The___42___ (old) examples of silk fabric that still exist were discovered in Qianshanyang from 2,700 BCE. These___43___ (part) of threads and ribbons show how threads of silk were woven at___44___ early stage. Discoveries of artefact (人工制品) ____45____ (use) in spinning and weaving also point to an early development of silk fabrics in China.
第四部分写作(两节,滴分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华,你校打算在本周末进行一次火灾逃生演练(fire escape drill),请给你校英国交换生Tom写封信。
内容如下:1. 写信的目的;2. 演练过程;3. 告知他参加。
注意:1.写作词数应80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Tom,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Tom, a 15-year-old boy, and his mother Marissa didn’t have much in life, living daily with just enough to eat three meals and pay the bills. Without his mother knowing, Tom had been saving up his pocket money for months to buy her a birthday present. He had collected a total of $25.
As a cleaner at a nearby park, Marissa never took a bus, choosing to walk to and from work to save money. One day, Tom noticed that her mother came home wet to the skin. She told him her umbrella broke because of the strong wind and she wanted to get home in time to have dinner with him.
The following day, his mother woke up with a fever.
“Mom, don’t get up from bed,” Tom told her. “I’ll attend to you today. Here is your medicine,” he said, handing it to her with a glass of water. After Marissa took the medicine, Tom walked to the nearby supermarket to buy something to cook a hot bowl of soup for his mother.
It occurred to him that his mother’s birthday was in a couple of days, so he wanted to get her mother an umbrella first and spend the rest of his money on food.
“What is your strongest umbrella here, sir ” he asked the shop assistant. “I am looking for something that doesn’t break when hit by the wind and something that would last for years.” The man showed Tom some umbrellas in different colors and Tom chose a purple one, which was his mother’s favorite color. It was $22. After checking out, Tom couldn’t help smiling after being able to fit his $25 to buy everything he needed. He even had some money to spare!
While Tom was walking back home, it suddenly started to pour. He ran toward a nearby bus stop to seek shelter when he noticed an old lady walking slowly while everyone around her ran toward shaded areas. Without hesitation, he took the umbrella out of his bag. The old woman was surprised to feel that the rain had stopped suddenly.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
She looked up and realized an umbrella was sheltering her from the rain.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tom arrived home and his mother asked why he had been out for so long.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1—5 CBCBA 6—10 ACCAA 11—15 CACBB 16—20 ABBCA永年二中2023 -2024学年高二年级第一学期第一次月考
英语试卷
(考试时间: 120分钟试卷满分: 150分)
注意事项:
1.本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分,答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答第I卷时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号,写在本试卷上无效。
3.回答第II卷时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。 每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置,听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题,每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does Michelle want to do
A. Have dinner. B. Do her homework. C. Write a thank-you note.
2. What will the speakers do this weekend
A. Go to Disneyland. B. Visit a museum. C. Write an article.
3. When did the woman come to the US
A. ln1973. B. In 1975. C. In1977.
4. How is probably the weather today
A. Warm. B. Hot. C. Wet.
5. What are the speakers talking about
A.ATY show. B. The man’s hobby. C. Wildlife protection.
第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟:听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. What did Jason think of Karen’s food
A. Delicious. B. Unhealthy, C. Terrible.
7. What does the woman suggest Jason do
A. Observe the bees. B. Have some ice cream. C. Study English slang.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
8. What is the man’s plan for the weekend
A. Attending a wedding. B. Going to a party. C. Watching a film.
9. Why will the woman throw a party this Saturday
A. For house-warming. B. For her birthday. C. For a promotion.
听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
10. What can kids do through Bryan’s Facebook page
A. Listen to stories. B. Chat with friends. C. Enjoy nice photos.
11. Who inspired Bryan to start a Facebook page
A. His father. B. His mother. C. His grandmother.
12 What does Bryan want the woman to do
A. Join him in reading stories. B. Record kids’ daily life. C Spend more time with kids.
第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
13. Where might Henry be when he smelled some smoke
A. In the yard. B. In the kitchen. C. In the living room.
14. Who called 911
A. Henry. B. A bystander. C. The guy in the burning house.
15. How many people ran into the burning house
A.1. B.2. C.3.
16. What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A. Brother and sister B. Colleagues. C. Interviewer and interviewee.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17. How old is the speaker’s brother
A.15. B.19. C.20.
18. What is the speaker ‘s mother
A. A police officer. B.A nurse. C.A firefighter.
19. Why is it hard for the speaker to see her brother now
A. Her brother has been infected with COVID-19.
B. Her brother is in isolation because of COVID-19.
C. Her brother is busy helping fight against COVID-19.
20. What docs the speaker decide to do in the future
A. Help more people like her brother,
B. Spend more time with family.
C. Study in a police training school.
第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,潢分37.5 分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Discover how you can help endangered species! Volunteer to help conserve endangered species around the world with GoEco.
Sea turtles, Sri Lanka
The species is threatened by human hunters. The Sri Lankan government has approved the creation of hatcheries (孵化场) in order to protect this species. Volunteers on this program spend 60% of their time working in the hatchery and the other 40% is spent on activities such as beach cleanups and creating awareness within the local community.
Program Fees: $1,280 for 2 weeks and $1,680 per month for volunteers.
Wildlife Rescue, Western Australia
Adult kangaroos and wallabies are hunted for food, leaving thousands of their babies without parents. Many are killed or injured in road accidents. At the wildlife rescue center in Perth, Western Australia, volunteers live and help in the bushland caring for sick, injured, and displaced animals.
Program Fee: $2,095 for four weeks. Volunteers stay on-site in a small room. Due to very limited space, applications must be sent at least 9-12 months in advance.
Endangered Species Reserve, South Africa
The project will give you an incredible wildlife experience while learning about conservation efforts. For the rest of the time between monitoring sessions, volunteers are required to enter all the data that they have collected into our databases. At times, volunteers need to operate on night shifts. We also give lectures and presentations over the lunch period.
Program Fee: $1,750 for 2 weeks
Big Cat Refuge, South Africa
As a volunteer on this project, you will be involved in a wide variety of activities. Volunteer’s work ranges from enrichment activities, such as toy-making and farm work, to educating the visitors. Volunteers will also directly care for the cats by preparing food or feeding them as well as maintaining their living space.
Program Fee: $1,450 for 2 weeks
1. What is the monthly project fee for volunteers in Sri Lanka
A. $1,280. B. $1,680. C. $2,560. D. $2,960.
2. What is required of volunteers for the project in Western Australia
A. Having previous experience.
B. Working night shifts sometimes.
C. Applying for the project in advance.
D. Having a good knowledge of wildlife.
3. What can volunteers do for the project Big Cat Refuge
A. Study the habits of big cats.
B. Help to sell some toys about cats.
C. Guide visitors to the habitat of the cats.
D. Do daily routines in the cats’ living space.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四项世界上不同地方保护动物的志愿活动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Sea turtles, Sri Lanka部分中的“Program Fees: $1,280 for 2 weeks and $1,680 per month for volunteers.(项目费用:2周1280美元,志愿者每月1680美元)”可知,在斯里兰卡做志愿者每月需支付的费用是$1680。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Wildlife Rescue, Western Australia部分中的“Due to very limited space, applications must be sent at least 9-12 months in advance.(由于空间有限,申请必须至少提前9-12个月提交)”可知,志愿者要想参与在西澳大利亚的项目需要提前申请。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Big Cat Refuge, South Africa部分中的“Volunteers will also directly care for the cats by preparing food or feeding them as well as maintaining their living space.(志愿者还将直接照顾猫,为它们准备食物或喂食,以及维护它们的生活空间)”可知,该项目的志愿者要在猫科动物生活的地方做一些照顾它们的日常工作。故选D。
B
A gene variant (变体) that causes the “alcohol flush (脸红)” reaction increases the risk of heart disease by causing inflammation of blood vessels (脉管), especially in drinkers. Around 8 percent of the world’s populations has a gene variant called ALDH2*2 that impairs the body’s ability to break down alcohol and causes unpleasant symptoms such as flushing soon after people drink. Now, researchers have shown why this change also raises the risk of heart disease.
“We are trying to understand why ALDH2*2 is associated with a higher risk of coronary arte (冠状动脉) disease at a cellular (细胞的) level,” says Hongchao Guo at Stanford University in California.
The ALDH2*2 gene encodes one version of the enzyme (酵素) alcohol dehydrogenase (脱氢酶), which breaks down the toxic acetaldehydes (乙醛) produced when alcohol is metabolized (代谢), and also mops up other harmful substances known as free radicals.
The gene variant also impairs the growth of new blood vessels. “That means that when there is a heart attack, when there is a need of blood vessel growth, carriers have less ability to generate new blood vessels,” says Guo.
The team found that an existing diabetes (糖尿病) drug called empagliflozin may reduce these harmful effects in people with ALDH2*2 who drink a lot of alcohol. But for Wu, the take-home message is clear. “If you’re missing this enzyme, try not to drink,” he says. “If you drink consistently, you are at much higher risk of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and cancer.”
Given its many negative consequences, there has been debate about why this change spread and became common, today being found in more than a third of people of cast Asian origin.
“My only explanation is that if you are missing this enzyme you tend to drink less and there’s therefore less chance of you becoming alcoholic,” says Wu.
4. Which of the following may be caused by “alcohol flush”
A. Heart disease and high blood pressure. B. A gene variant called ALDH2*2.
C. Inflammation of blood vessels. D. Diabetes and cancer.
5. Which of the following statement may Wu support
A. Exiting diabetes drug can help people witALDH2*2.
B. People with ALDH2*2 shouldn’t drink alcohol.
C. People with ALDH2*2 have less chance of becoming alcoholic.
D. Drinking alcohol can bring about diabetes and cancer.
6 What can we learn from the passage
A. Diabetes drug can free people with ALDH2*2 of alcohol flush.
B. If you are missing this enzyme, you will easily become alcoholic.
C. People with ALDH2*2 tend to suffer from cancer.
D. More than a third of people of cast Asian origin may be affected by ALDH2*2.
7. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To explain the impact of genetic variant causing the “alcohol flush”.
B. To introduce ways to stop drinking alcohol.
C. To introduce dangers of drinking alcohol.
D. To persuade people to get rid of drinking alcohol.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了导致“酒精脸红”反应的基因变体ALDH*2,它会导致血管发炎,增加患心脏病的风险。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“A gene variant (变体) that causes the “alcohol flush (脸红)” reaction increases the risk of heart disease by causing inflammation of blood vessels (脉管), especially in drinkers.(一种引起“酒精脸红”反应的基因变异会引起血管炎症,从而增加患心脏病的风险,尤其是饮酒者)”可知,“酒精脸红”反应会引起血管炎症。故选C项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“But for Wu, the take-home message is clear. “If you’re missing this enzyme, try not to drink,” he says. “If you drink consistently, you are at much higher risk of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and cancer.”(但对吴来说,关键信息是明确的。“如果你缺少这种酶,尽量不要喝酒,”他说。“如果你一直喝酒,你患心脏病、高血压、糖尿病和癌症的风险要高得多。”)”可知,吴认为携带ALDH2*2基因的人缺少一种酶,喝酒患病的风险要高得多。由此推知,他会支持“携带ALDH2*2基因的人不应该喝酒”这一说法。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段中“Given its many negative consequences, there has been debate about why this change spread and became common, today being found in more than a third of people of cast Asian origin.(鉴于它的许多负面影响,人们一直在争论为什么这种变化会传播并变得普遍,今天在三分之一以上的亚裔人群中发现了这种变化)”可知,超过三分之一的亚裔可能受到ALDH2*2的影响。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文,结合第一段中“A gene variant (变体) that causes the “alcohol flush (脸红)” reaction increases the risk of heart disease by causing inflammation of blood vessels (脉管), especially in drinkers.(一种引起“酒精脸红”反应的基因变异会引起血管炎症,从而增加患心脏病的风险,尤其是饮酒者)”和第四段中“The gene variant also impairs the growth of new blood vessels.(这种基因变异也会损害新血管的生长)”可知,文章介绍了引起“酒精脸红”反应的基因变体ALDH*2会引发血管炎症,从而增加患心脏病的风险,并损害新血管的生长。由此推知,本文的目的是解释引起“酒精脸红”反应的基因变体ALDH*2带给人们的影响。故选A项。
C
Caffeine (咖啡因) is linked to lower body mass index (BMI) and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (糖尿病). Genetic differences in how people metabolise (代谢) caffeine may influence how overweight they are, but this doesn’t mean drinking more coffee will make you slimmer.
Genetic evidence indicates that higher levels of caffeine in a person’s blood may be linked with lower weight. But people shouldn’t assume that drinking more coffee will be a route to weight loss, says Dipender Gill at Imperial College London, who helped carry out the study. Caffeine is the most widely used psychoactive (对精神起作用的) substance, with many people consuming much coffee or caffeinated soft drinks a day.
Numerous studies have previously suggested that caffeine consumption is linked with lower weight. But these were mainly observational studies, which recorded people’s health and their caffeine consumption, making it hard to know if caffeine caused the effects or just correlated with them. Gill’s team used an alternative approach, looking at genetic differences in how quickly people break down caffeine to mimic (模仿) the effects of giving different amounts in a random trial.
There are two genes that affect people’s ability to break down caffeine, meaning that after consuming the same amount of it, people with different variants would have different levels of it in their blood. Gill and his colleagues analysed data from several previous studies that recorded people’s DNA and tracked their health. They included nearly 10,000 people in total, although most included only people of European ancestry.
The studies didn’t analyse blood samples, but previous work has shown that those who break down caffeine more slowly have higher levels of it in their blood on average — even though they tend to drink less coffee. The team found that people genetically predisposed (有倾向的) to have higher caffeine levels had a lower BMI, a measure of a person’s weight in relation to their height; lower fat mass; and a lower likelihood of having type 2 diabetes, a condition linked with being overweight.
“We know that caffeine affects metabolism (新陈代谢) and how energetic someone is. It makes sense that there might be an association,” says Benjamin Woolf at the University of Bristol, UK, who also worked on the study. Gill says people shouldn’t change their drinking habits based on these results — and that people wanting to lose weight should be especially wary of consuming milky and sugary coffee drinks. “A lot of caffeinated drinks are quite calorific,” he says. “Caffeine can have other harmful effects, including effects on sleep and heart function.”
8. What can we learn about caffeine
A. Caffeine can make you have a slim figure,
B. The people thinner may have higher levels of caffeine in a their blood.
C. Caffeine is the most psychoactive substance in the world.
D. Caffeine can be only found in people’s blood.
9. Which of the following method was used in the studies
A. By finishing a questionnaire. B. By doing investigation.
C. By analyzing previous data. D. By collecting blood sample.
10. What does the underlined word probably mean in the last paragraph
A. Cautious. B. Scared. C. Aware. D. Doubtful.
11. Which of the following statements may be supported by Gill
A. People should drink more coffee to lose weight.
B. Europeans are more likely to be affected by coffee.
C. Those breaking down caffeine more slowly have higher levels of it in their blood.
D. Caffeine may have an impact on your sleep and heart.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现,血液中高水平的咖啡因可以降低一个人的体重和患2型糖尿病的风险,但是研究者认为人们不应该改变自己的习惯,因为很多含咖啡因的饮料热量很高,而且咖啡因还会产生其他有害影响。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Genetic evidence indicates that higher levels of caffeine in a person’s blood may be linked with lower weight.(遗传证据表明,血液中咖啡因含量较高可能与体重较轻有关)”可知,血液中咖啡因含量较高的人可能体重较轻,即越瘦的人血液中的咖啡因含量可能越高。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Gill and his colleagues analysed data from several previous studies that recorded people’s DNA and tracked their health. (吉尔和他的同事分析了之前几项研究的数据,这些研究记录了人们的DNA并追踪了他们的健康状况)”以及第五段中“The studies didn’t analyse blood samples, but previous work has shown that those who break down caffeine more slowly have higher levels of it in their blood on average — even though they tend to drink less coffee. (这些研究没有分析血液样本,但之前的研究表明,分解咖啡因较慢的人血液中的咖啡因含量平均较高——尽管他们往往喝的咖啡较少)”可知,这些研究主要通过分析以前的研究数据,这些研究没有分析血液样本。故选C。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段中划线词下文“ “A lot of caffeinated drinks are quite calorific,” he says. “Caffeine can have other harmful effects, including effects on sleep and heart function.”(‘很多含咖啡因的饮料热量很高,’他说。‘咖啡因还会产生其他有害影响,包括影响睡眠和心脏功能。’)”可知,很多含咖啡因的饮料热量很高,咖啡因还会产生其他有害影响,包括影响睡眠和心脏功能;结合划线词所在句中的“Gill says people shouldn’t change their drinking habits based on these results(人们不应该根据这些结果改变自己的饮用习惯)”可知,“people wanting to lose weight should be especially wary of consuming milky and sugary coffee drinks.(想要减肥的人应该特别 wary饮用含奶和含糖的咖啡饮料)”指的是想要减肥的人应该谨慎饮用含奶和含糖的咖啡饮料,划线词wary 意思为“谨慎的,小心的”,与cautious意思一致。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中““A lot of caffeinated drinks are quite calorific,” he says. “Caffeine can have other harmful effects, including effects on sleep and heart function.”(‘很多含咖啡因的饮料热量很高,’他说。‘咖啡因还会产生其他有害影响,包括影响睡眠和心脏功能。’)”可知,Gill认为咖啡因还会产生其他有害影响,包括影响睡眠和心脏功能。由此推知,Gill会赞成“咖啡因可能对你的睡眠和心脏有影响”这一观点。故选D。
D
Imagine being able to go to your local park and pick some tomatoes, potatoes or even bananas to take home for dinner. Sounds too good to be true, right For residents of Andernach, a German city, it’s not just a Utopian dream — it’s their reality. In 2010, Andernach began its “edible city” project, planting 101 varieties of tomatoes in public green spaces around the city centre. Its 30,000 residents are free to help themselves to whatever grows, as are any other visitors. Every year a new type of plant is introduced. In 2011, 100 types of beans were planted, while 2012 saw the introduction of 20 onion varieties. The town’s motto (座右铭) is, “Picking is encouraged — help yourself!”
It’s a community effort, as local citizens are encouraged to help plant and maintain the gardens. This offers an opportunity to socialize as well as to learn about planting, cultivating and harvesting food. “I often drop by to pick some herbs that I’m missing at home. Everything is easily accessible. There aren’t any fences. You just take what you need. The only thing is you have to be quick once the fruits are ripe or they’ll all be gone!” said a local historian.
Andernach may be the first, but it isn’t the only edible city. It’s part of the Edible Cities Network, an EU-funded project connecting green urban food initiatives (倡议) around the world. Other edible cities include Carthage in Tunisia, Havana in Cuba and empeter-Vrtojba in Slovenia. In February 2022, the first Edible Cities Network Conference took place. Dr. Ina S umel, Principal Investigator of the Edible Cities Network, called it, “a unique opportunity to invite researchers and practitioners (从业人员) of Edible City Solutions to the same table and unite theory with practice”.
Ultimately, the Edible Cities Network aims to create “greener, more edible and, above all, more livable cities”. It is a response to the pressures of climate change, and a cause for hope.
12. What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A. The process of Andernach’s growth.
B. The green food project in Andernach.
C. Methods of planting vegetables in Europe.
D. The popularity of Andernach’s city design.
13. What is the attitude of the local historian mentioned in paragraph 2 towards the project
A. Doubtful. B. Indifferent.
C Positive. D. Negative.
14. What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A. Green urban food has drawn more attention.
B. German rural areas will follow the trend too.
C. Asia will join the Edible Cities Network soon.
D. Edible cities hold meetings on a regular base.
15. Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A. Start a Green Food Campaign Now
B. Gain Easy Access to German Food
C. Quick Response to Climate Change
D. An Incredible “Edible City” Initiative
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德国城市Andernach的“可食用城市”项目及其所属的“可食用城市网络”项目在全球范围的发展情况。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“In 2010, Andernach began its “edible city” project, planting 101 varieties of tomatoes in public green spaces around the city centre. Its 30,000 residents are free to help themselves to whatever grows, as are any other visitors. Every year a new type of plant is introduced. In 2011, 100 types of beans were planted, while 2012 saw the introduction of 20 onion varieties.”(2010年,安德纳赫开始了“可食用城市”项目,在市中心周围的公共绿地种植了101种西红柿。这里的3万名居民和其他游客一样,可以随意摘取任何生长的植物。每年都会引进一种新的植物。2011年种植了100种豆子,2012年引进了20种洋葱。)可知,第一段主要讲的是安德纳赫的绿色食品项目。故选B项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I often drop by to pick some herbs that I’m missing at home. Everything is easily accessible. There aren’t any fences. You just take what you need.”(我经常顺便去摘一些我在家缺的草药。一切都很容易获得。没有任何栅栏。你只需要拿你需要的。)可知,这名当地的历史学家经常去采摘药草,并觉得这是很方便的。由此推知,这名历史学家对项目持支持的态度。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Andernach may be the first, but it isn’t the only edible city. It’s part of the Edible Cities Network, an EU-funded project connecting green urban food initiatives (倡议) around the world. Other edible cities include Carthage in Tunisia, Havana in Cuba and empeter-Vrtojba in Slovenia. In February 2022, the first Edible Cities Network Conference took place. Dr. Ina S umel, Principal Investigator of the Edible Cities Network, called it, “a unique opportunity to invite researchers and practitioners (从业人员) of Edible City Solutions to the same table and unite theory with practice”.”(安德纳赫可能是第一个可食用城市,但它并不是唯一一个可食用城市。这是“可食用城市网络”的一部分,该网络是一个由欧盟资助的项目,将世界各地的绿色城市食品倡议(绿色城市食品倡议)联系在一起。其他可食用的城市包括突尼斯的迦太基、古巴的哈瓦那和斯洛文尼亚的 empeter-Vrtojba。2022年2月,首届“可食用城市网络会议”召开。食用城市网络首席研究员Ina S umel博士称这是“一个独特的机会,邀请食用城市解决方案的研究人员和实践者坐在同一张桌子上,将理论与实践结合起来”。)可推知,绿色城市食品引起了越来越多的关注。故选A项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文以及最后一段“Ultimately, the Edible Cities Network aims to create “greener, more edible and, above all, more livable cities”. It is a response to the pressures of climate change, and a cause for hope.”(“可食城市网络”的最终目标是打造“更绿色、更可食、最重要的是更宜居的城市”。这是对气候变化压力的回应,也是希望的源泉。)可知,本文主要介绍了德国城市Andernach的“可食用城市”项目及其所属的“可食用城市网络”项目在全球范围的发展情况。因此,D项“一个令人难以置信的“可食用城市”倡议”最适合作为本文的标题。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
Naps don’t just feel amazing — they are amazing. ___16___ The American Psychological Association points out that naps can improve memory, learning capacity, immune system function and mood. ___17___
STAGE 1: the dozing of period;
STAGE 2: muscles, heart rate and brain activity slow down;
STAGE 3: deep, restorative sleep;
STAGE 4: REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, when brain activity increases and you’re most likely to dream. ___18___
THE 20-MINUTE NAP Between 20 and 30 minutes is a napping sweet spot, says Mednick, as you get enough Stage 2 sleep to switch your body and mind into full relaxation mode, helping boost memory. THE 60-MINUTE NAP Stage 3 sleep is a time for your body to repair tissue, strengthen the immune system and recharge energy stores. ___19___ Most people start to move out of Stage 3 after around 60 minutes, which makes it a good time to set your alarm. THE 90-MINUTE NAP A complete sleep cycle is about an hour and a half, and napping for a full cycle can have big benefits. But naps longer than 90 minutes can interfere with night time sleep and might even weaken memory existence, according to a study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Not a regular napper That’s OK. ___20___
A. But waking up during this phase can make you feel dizzy, Mednick says.
B. Many people don’t form a habit of regular naps.
C. Cognitive neuroscientist Professor Mednick explains that when you fall asleep, your body moves through stages that each play a role in health.
D. However, Mednick explains that the longer the naps are, the healthier you will get.
E. Ideal napping times are based around this four-stage cycle.
F. A study published in the journal Heart found a link between healthy napping and a lowered risk of heart disease.
G. “Everyone needs to rest, but not everyone necessarily needs to nap,” says Mednick.
【答案】16. F 17. C 18. E 19. A 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小睡对人体的好处,并从睡眠的四个阶段解释了如何选择理想的小睡时间。
【16题详解】
前文“Naps don’t just feel amazing — they are amazing. (小睡不仅仅是感觉很棒——它们本身就是很棒的)”指出小睡很棒,因此F项“A study published in the journal Heart found a link between healthy napping and a lowered risk of heart disease. (发表在《心脏》期刊上的一项研究发现,健康的小睡与降低心脏病风险之间存在联系)”符合语境,介绍有研究证实了小睡与健康之间的联系,支撑前文的论断。故选F。
【17题详解】
前文“The American Psychological Association points out that naps can improve memory, learning capacity, immune system function and mood. (美国心理学会指出,小睡可以改善记忆力、学习能力、免疫系统功能和情绪)”介绍小睡对健康的主要作用,后文介绍了四个具体的阶段,因此C项“Cognitive neuroscientist Professor Mednick explains that when you fall asleep, your body moves through stages that each play a role in health. (认知神经科学家Mednick教授解释说,当你入睡时,你的身体会经历各个阶段,每个阶段都在健康中发挥作用)”符合语境,解释这些作用从何而来,承接前文,引出后文对各个阶段的介绍。故选C。
【18题详解】
前文STAGE 1到STAGE 4具体介绍了睡眠中的四个不同阶段的信息,因此E项“Ideal napping times are based around this four-stage cycle. (理想的小睡时间基于这四个阶段的循环)”符合语境,总结理想的小睡时间与这些阶段的关系,承接前文。故选E。
【19题详解】
前文“THE 60-MINUTE NAP Stage 3 sleep is a time for your body to repair tissue, strengthen the immune system and recharge energy stores. (60分钟的小睡:第三阶段的睡眠是你的身体修复组织,增强免疫系统和补充能量储存的时间)”描述进行60分钟的小睡时,身体在第三阶段发生的情况,后文“Most people start to move out of Stage 3 after around 60 minutes, which makes it a good time to set your alarm. (大多数人在大约60分钟后开始走出第三阶段,这是设置闹钟的好时机)”建议在大约60分钟后醒来,因此A项“But waking up during this phase can make you feel dizzy, Mednick says. (但Mednick说,在这个阶段醒来会让你感到头晕)”符合语境,提醒第三阶段醒来会有不适感,和前文形成转折,引出后文的建议。故选A。
【20题详解】
前文“Not a regular napper That’s OK. (不经常小睡?没关系)”指出不小睡也没有影响,因此G项““Everyone needs to rest, but not everyone necessarily needs to nap,” says Mednick. (“每个人都需要休息,但不是每个人都必须小睡,”Mednick说)”符合语境,解释小睡并非必需品,承接前文。故选G。
第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15题;每小题1分,满分15分)
The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. Many people ___21___ it this way, “A man comes to this world with his fist clenched (紧握), but when he dies, his hand is ___22___.”
Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is ___23___, and full of a beauty that breaks through your own earth. Sometimes we recognize this ___24___ only in our backward glance when we suddenly realize that it is no more.
We remember a beauty that ___25___, a love that disappeared. But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we ___26___ to respond with love when it was tendered.
A recent experience re-taught me this truth. I was ___27___ following a severe heart attack and had been in intensive care for several days. It was not a pleasant place.
One morning, I had to have some additional tests. The required machines were located in a building at the opposite end of the hospital, so I had to be ___28___ across the courtyard on a gurney (轮床).
As we ___29___ from our unit, the sunlight hit me. That’s ____30____. And yet how beautiful it was — how warming, how sparkling, how brilliant!
I looked to see whether anyone else enjoyed the sun’s golden glow, but everyone was ____31____ to and fro, most with eyes fixed on the ground. Then I remembered how often we had been ____32____ to the beauty of each day, too preoccupied with chores. Life’s gifts are ____33____ — but we always pay no attention to them.
Never too busy for the wonder and the awe of life. Embrace each hour, ____34____ each golden minute. Hold fast to life… but not so fast that you can’t let go. We must ____35____ our losses, and learn how to let go.
21. A. take B. put C. make D. get
22. A. closed B. tight C. open D. smooth
23. A. amazing B. surprising C. frightening D. frustrating
24. A. gossip B. fact C. message D. truth
25. A. faded B. ran C. escaped D. jumped
26. A. tackled B. reflected C. failed D. succeeded
27. A. hospitalized B. transferred C. exchanged D. delivered
28. A. rolled B. wheeled C. pushed D. pulled
29. A. jumped B. turned C. disappeared D. emerged
30. A. horrible B. terrible C. awesome D. shocking
31. A. smiling B. hurrying C. trembling D. lying
32. A. indifferent B. patient C. innocent D. excellent
33. A. useful B. expensive C. valueless D. precious
34. A. strike B. hit C. seize D. use
35. A. accept B. give up C. stick to D. cope with
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了生活的艺术在于知道什么时候该坚持,什么时候该放手。作者分享了自己在严重心脏病后住院的经历,回顾了人生中常常错过美好时刻的遗憾,呼吁人们珍惜生命中的每一个美好时刻,抓住宝贵的每一分钟,同时也学会接受失去,学会如何放手。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:许多人这样说:“人紧握着拳头来到这个世界,但当他离开这个世界时,他的手是张开的。”A. take拿;B. put说;C. make制造;D. get获得。根据下文“A man comes to this world with his fist clenched (紧握), but when he dies, his hand is ___2___.”可知,此处是对上一句的内容进行重新表述,固定短语put it this way意为“这么说,用这种方式表达”,表示许多人这样说。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:许多人这样说:“人紧握着拳头来到这个世界,但当他离开这个世界时,他的手是张开的。”A. closed关闭的;B. tight紧的;C. open打开的;D. smooth光滑的。根据上文“A man comes to this world with his fist clenched (紧握)”和表示转折的“but”可知,此处和人紧握着拳头来到这个世界形成对比,应该是离开世界时,手是张开的。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当然,我们应该紧紧抓住生活,因为它是令人惊奇的,充满了突破你自己的世界的美。A. amazing令人惊奇的;B. surprising令人惊讶的;C. frightening令人害怕的;D. frustrating令人沮丧的。根据下文“full of a beauty”可知,生活中充满了美,因此是令人惊奇的。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意:有时候,我们只有在蓦然回首,突然意识到它已不复存在时,才认识到这一真相。A. gossip流言;B. fact事实;C. message消息;D. truth真相。根据上文“we recognize”和下文“only in our backward glance when we suddenly realize that it is no more”可推知,在回首突然意识到它已不复存在时,我们意识到的应该是上文描述的生活的真相,truth在第四段中有同词复现。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们记得枯萎的美,消失的爱。A. faded枯萎;B. ran跑;C. escaped逃脱;D. jumped跳跃。根据下文“we did not see that beauty when it flowered”可知,我们没有看到美丽绽放,由此推知,我们记得的是绽放之后枯萎的美。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:但我们更痛苦地记得,当美丽绽放时,我们没有看到;当爱萌生时,我们没有给予回应。A. tackled应付;B. reflected反射;C. failed失败;D. succeeded成功。根据上文“But we remember with far greater pain”可知,记得这样事非常痛苦,因此是没有给予萌生的爱以回应,固定短语fail to do sth.意为“未能做某事”。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:我在一次严重的心脏病发作后住进了医院,在重症监护室呆了几天。A. hospitalized住院;B. transferred转移;C. exchanged交换;D. delivered交付。根据下文“had been in intensive care for several days”可知,作者住进了重症监护室,因此是住院了。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:所需的机器位于医院另一端的一栋楼里,所以我必须被推着轮床穿过院子。A. rolled滚动;B. wheeled推动(带轮子的东西);C. pushed推;D. pulled拉。根据下文“on a gurney (轮床)”可知,作者躺在轮床上,因此是被推动轮床去做检查。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:当我们从单元楼出来时,阳光照在我身上。A. jumped跳跃;B. turned转头;C. disappeared消失;D. emerged出现。根据下文“the sunlight hit me”可知,阳光照在作者身上,emerge侧重从隐蔽处或暗处出现、浮现,固定短语emerge from意为“从……中出现”。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:太令人敬畏了。A. horrible可怕的;B. terrible糟糕的;C. awesome令人敬畏的;D. shocking令人震惊的。根据作者此时是一个需要住重症监护室的患者的情境,以及上文“the sunlight hit me”可推知,猛然被阳光照到作者会感到敬畏。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:我看了看有没有人喜欢这金色的阳光,但每个人都来去匆匆,大多数人的眼睛都盯着地面。A. smiling微笑;B. hurrying匆忙;C. trembling颤抖;D. lying说谎。根据下文“most with eyes fixed on the ground”可知,大多数人的眼睛都盯着地面,因此是来去匆匆。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这时,我想起了我们过去常常对每天的美景漠不关心,一心忙于琐事。A. indifferent冷漠的;B. patient耐心的;C. innocent天真的;D. excellent优秀的。根据下文“too preoccupied with chores”可知,大家常一心忙于琐事,因此会对每天的美景漠不关心,固定短语be indifferent to意为“对……漠不关心”。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:生命的礼物是珍贵的——但我们总是忽视它们。A. useful有用的;B. expensive昂贵的;C. valueless无价值的;D. precious珍贵的。根据上文作者叙述的对错失美好时刻感到遗憾,赞叹阳光的美丽可推知,此处指生命的礼物是珍贵的。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:拥抱每一个小时,抓住宝贵的每一分钟。A. strike打击;B. hit击中;C. seize抓住;D. use使用。根据上文“Embrace each hour”可知,作者建议拥抱每一个小时,因此是抓住宝贵的每一分钟,充分把握。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:我们必须接受失去,并学会如何放手。A. accept接受;B. give up放弃;C. stick to坚持;D. cope with应对。根据下文“our losses, and learn how to let go”可推知,对待失去,我们需要学会的是接受,然后放手。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The true origins of silk fabric will likely never be known. The best that can be done is___36___ (search) the archaeological (考古) record for its earliest traces. A silkworm cocoon (茧) was discovered at a site in China ___37___ (date) to 5,000-3,000 BCE. Those___38___found it thought that the cocoon had been cut open___39___ (deliberate).
This seems unlikely to have been done if the cocoon was to be used to produce silk ___40___cutting the cocoon reduces the length of the silk fibres. Silkworm larvae (幼虫) have been, and still ___41___ (eat) in several countries, so it may be that this example was used for food rather than fashion.The___42___ (old) examples of silk fabric that still exist were discovered in Qianshanyang from 2,700 BCE. These___43___ (part) of threads and ribbons show how threads of silk were woven at___44___ early stage. Discoveries of artefact (人工制品) ____45____ (use) in spinning and weaving also point to an early development of silk fabrics in China.
【答案】36. to search
37. dating 38. who
39. deliberately
40. as##because
41. are eaten
42. oldest 43. parts
44. an 45. used
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了丝绸的起源和相关考古发现。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:最好的办法就是从考古记录中寻找最早的痕迹。“(search) the archaeological (考古) record for its earliest traces”作表语,是非谓语动词,结合句意,“从考古记录中寻找最早的痕迹”是应该去做的事情,用不定式表示要去的事情。故填to search。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:一个蚕茧(茧)在中国的一个遗址被发现,可以追溯到公元前5000-3000年。“(date) to 5,000-3,000 BCE”作后置定语修饰名词site,date to(追溯到)是非谓语动词,该短语无被动语态,用作非谓语动词时只用现在分词形式。故填dating。
【38题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:那些发现茧的人认为茧是被人故意割开的。分析句子可知,空格处单词引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Those,指人,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语,应使用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意:那些发现茧的人认为茧是被人故意割开的。提示词修饰动词cut,用副词deliberately作状语,意为“故意地”。故填deliberately。
【40题详解】
考查状语从句。句意:如果蚕茧要被用来生产蚕丝,似乎不太可能这样做,因为切割蚕茧会减少蚕丝纤维的长度。根据句意,“切割蚕茧会减少蚕丝纤维的长度”是“不太可能这样来生产蚕丝”的原因,用从属连词as或because引导原因状语从句。故填as/because。
【41题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:在一些国家,蚕蛹一直被食用,现在仍然被食用,所以这个例子可能是用于食物而不是时尚。分析句子可知,eat(吃)是句中谓语动词,与主语Silkworm larvae之间是被动关系,根据句意和句中still可推知,描述当前的情况,应使用一般现在时态,又因主语larvae是复数名词,所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上,谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态,复数形式。故填are eaten。
【42题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意:现存最古老的丝绸织物是公元前2700年在钱山阳发现的。结合句意和空格前定冠词the可推知,句中使用了形容词最高级the oldest作定语。故填oldest。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意:这些丝线和缎带的部分显示了早期丝线是如何编织的。提示词part(部分)作主语,是可数名词,有限定词These修饰,用复数形式。故填parts。
【44题详解】
考查冠词。句意:这些丝线和缎带的部分显示了早期丝线是如何编织的。at an early stage是固定短语,意为“在早期阶段”,early发音以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:用于纺纱和织布的人工制品的发现也表明了中国丝绸织物的早期发展。“(use) in spinning and weaving”作后置定语修饰名词artefact,use(用于)是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语artefact之间是被动关系,用过去分词表被动。故填used。
第四部分写作(两节,滴分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华,你校打算在本周末进行一次火灾逃生演练(fire escape drill),请给你校英国交换生Tom写封信。
内容如下:1. 写信的目的;2. 演练过程;3. 告知他参加。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Tom,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Tom,
I am writing to tell you that our school will hold a fire escape drill this weekend
The fire escape drill will be held from 9 a. m. to 10 a. m. All the students are required to stay in their own classrooms first, and then the firemen will make some artificial smoke in the corridor. On seeing the smoke, the students should run to the playground in a quick and orderly way under the direction of the teachers. Half an hour later, we will run the drill again.
Do come and take part in the drill.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生给校英国交换生Tom写封信,向其介绍学校在本周末进行一次火灾逃生演练(fire escape drill)的安排,并告知他参加。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
举办:hold → conduct
要求:require → request
指导,指示:direction → instruction
参加:take part in → participate in
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句: On seeing the smoke, the students should run to the playground in a quick and orderly way under the direction of the teachers.
拓展句: When they see the smoke, the students should run to the playground in a quick and orderly way under the direction of the teachers.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
I am writing to tell you that our school will hold a fire escape drill this weekend.(运用了宾语从句)
[高分句型2]
All the students are required to stay in their own classrooms first, and then the firemen will make some artificial smoke in the corridor.(运用了一般过去时的被动语态)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Tom, a 15-year-old boy, and his mother Marissa didn’t have much in life, living daily with just enough to eat three meals and pay the bills. Without his mother knowing, Tom had been saving up his pocket money for months to buy her a birthday present. He had collected a total of $25.
As a cleaner at a nearby park, Marissa never took a bus, choosing to walk to and from work to save money. One day, Tom noticed that her mother came home wet to the skin. She told him her umbrella broke because of the strong wind and she wanted to get home in time to have dinner with him.
The following day, his mother woke up with a fever.
“Mom, don’t get up from bed,” Tom told her. “I’ll attend to you today. Here is your medicine,” he said, handing it to her with a glass of water. After Marissa took the medicine, Tom walked to the nearby supermarket to buy something to cook a hot bowl of soup for his mother.
It occurred to him that his mother’s birthday was in a couple of days, so he wanted to get her mother an umbrella first and spend the rest of his money on food.
“What is your strongest umbrella here, sir ” he asked the shop assistant. “I am looking for something that doesn’t break when hit by the wind and something that would last for years.” The man showed Tom some umbrellas in different colors and Tom chose a purple one, which was his mother’s favorite color. It was $22. After checking out, Tom couldn’t help smiling after being able to fit his $25 to buy everything he needed. He even had some money to spare!
While Tom was walking back home, it suddenly started to pour. He ran toward a nearby bus stop to seek shelter when he noticed an old lady walking slowly while everyone around her ran toward shaded areas. Without hesitation, he took the umbrella out of his bag. The old woman was surprised to feel that the rain had stopped suddenly.
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
She looked up and realized an umbrella was sheltering her from the rain.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tom arrived home and his mother asked why he had been out for so long.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 She looked up and realized an umbrella was sheltering her from the rain. She cast him an appreciative look with a beam of delight. “Thank you. And by the way, it’s wise to get an umbrella before the rain started pouring,” she said. Tom shook his head, telling her that his mother’s umbrella was broken, and he wanted to get her a new one she could use for years. “I didn’t expect that. But it must be very nice to have a caring boy like you,” she replied, helping Tom to wipe off the raindrops on his face. They exchanged a knowing look and waved goodbye after the rain stopped.
Tom arrived home and his mother asked why he had been out for so long. Tom briefed her on his experience of his way home without speaking of the umbrella. “That’s my boy,” beamed his mother with a proud smile broadening from side to side. Tom giggled shyly, putting a cold towel on his mother’s forehead. Several days later, when his mother’s birthday arrived, Tom excitedly woke up to give his mother the present box. “Happy birthday! Mom!” exclaimed Tom, his eyes sparkling with thrill. Marissa opened the gift and was surprised to see the umbrella inside. Tears began to gather in her eyes and she went to hug Tom tightly.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了Tom和母亲Marissa生活并不富裕,Tom悄悄攒了25美元打算给母亲买生日礼物,母亲在一次下班的路上伞被大风刮坏了,浑身湿透地回家,第二天就生病了,Tom外出买了一把伞要送给母亲,在回家的路上突然下起大雨,Tom毫不犹豫地拿出雨伞给一位老妇人打,老妇人感觉到雨停了,很吃惊。
【详解】1.段落续写:
①由第一段首句内容“她抬头一看,发现有把伞在为她遮雨。”可知,第一段可描写Tom和老妇人之间的对话。
②由第二段首句内容“Tom回到家,他妈妈问他为什么在外面待了这么久。”可知,第二段可描写Tom告诉妈妈路上的经历,并在妈妈生日时送上雨伞以及妈妈的反应。
2.续写线索:两人对话——告别——叙述路上的经历——送礼物——母亲惊讶、感动——拥抱
3.词汇激活
行为类
①回答:reply/answer
②放置:put/place
③拥抱:hug/embrace
情绪类
①高兴:delight/happiness
②激动:thrill/excitement
③惊讶:surprised/astonished
【点睛】[高分句型1] Tom shook his head, telling her that his mother’s umbrella was broken, and he wanted to get her a new one she could use for years.(运用了现在分词作状语,连接词that引导的宾语从句,省略了关系代词的定语从句)
[高分句型2] Several days later, when his mother’s birthday arrived, Tom excitedly woke up to give his mother the present box.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句)
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