2024年初中中考英语专项训练-阅读理解之说明文（含解析）

2024年初中中考英语专项训练-阅读理解之说明文
（2023·广东广州 · 统考二模） School Gardens Could Help Children Try More Vegetables
It’s not always enjoyable for children to eat vegetables. But what if a garden is built in the school New research
suggests that a gardening program in schools can increase children’s vegetable intake.
How the Study Was Carried Out
The study was carried out in eight schools. Each school was in the gardening program for one school year. Every child in grades 3-5 received a total of eighteen 60-minute lessons across the school year. In the program, each school
built a garden, where children learned to grow their own fresh produce, like fruit and vegetables.
The Benefits Children Could Get
The study found that vegetable intake increased greatly if the children grew their own produce across the year. Related studies show that increased vegetable intake can improve health and cut the risk of chronic diseases. Not only are there benefits to health, increasing the variety of vegetables children are exposed (接触) to may also make mealtimes much easier.” Children who are often exposed to a variety of vegetables are more likely to try new foods, “explains Dr. Kerry Jones. For children, growing their own food is a powerful tool to increase their intake of the
food.
Ways to Expose Children to Vegetables at Home
Any opportunity to expose children to more vegetables is meaningful.” If children are learning about vegetables at school, it’s important to encourage this interest, “says Jones. Parents can listen to their children about what they have learned and read the handouts they bring home from school. Parents and children can also read books together. Younger children can enjoy reading stories about vegetables with parents who offer useful message. Older children may enjoy searching through cookbooks with parents to find new dinner ideas to cook vegetables in a tasty way. Besides, a small planter box in a sunny part at home can encourage children to understand more about where their
food comes from.
Teaching children to grow their own produce is a great way to increase their preference for the produce. If
children are taught to enjoy vegetables early in life, they will probably continue eating vegetables in the long term.
1 ．Across the school year, how many minutes in total did the students receive in this program lessons
A ．60 minutes. B ．600 minutes. C ．1080 minutes. D ．48000 minutes.
2 ．According to the passage, which of the following is CORRECT
A ．In the program, each school should build more than a garden.
B ．Children could get some benefits from the gardening program.
C ．Younger children could enjoy reading cookbooks with parents.
D ．This program could develop students’ creativity.
3 ．Which of the following best describes the structure of this passage
(
A
.
)B C .
D .
（2023·广东广州 · 统考二模）Go, commonly known in China as weiqi, is a board game for two players. To
win, one player must use black or white playing pieces, named stones, to surround more areas.
The game was invented in China more than 2,500 years ago. It is one of the four Chinese traditional fine arts, along with playing guqin, writing and painting, so it owns a wide fan base in China. Now it is also popular in other
parts of the world.
In Germany, the Berlin Go Association has worked together with the China Cultural Center to host The China Cup, which sees about 50 to 100 players each year. As the cooperation between China and Germany deepens, many Go training courses are offered, and sometimes professional players from China are invited to give talks to German
Go lovers.
Andreas Urban, the chairman of Berlin Go Association, discovered a book on Go accidentally.” I tried to
understand the rules, but I couldn’t.” said Urban. Schreiber, the vice chairman, was introduced to the game 16 years ago by a classmate. “The first time I played Go, I even couldn’t understand the rules.” he said. But both of them found the game more and more interesting after practice.” I advise children to learn Go. They can learn that there is always someone stronger and it’s OK to lose. They can also learn how to improve from their mistakes and say
tomorrow will be better than today.” said Schreiber.
To the experienced players, Go can be very addictive, as it is not just for fun, but also has a deeper cultural ground. When two players meet on the Go board, they follow the same rules, but may carry completely different methods. One of the best ways to improve is to play against someone who’s stronger, as well as from different cultural
backgrounds. This kind of cross-cultural communication helps the development of Go.
4 ．What does the underlined word “it” refer to
A ．Weiqi. B ．Guqin. C ．Painting. D ．Writing.
5 ．How did Schreiber probably feel after playing Go at the first time
A ．Frightened. B ．Sad. C ．Bored. D ．Confused.
6 ．Why does Schreiber suggest young people should learn Go according to paragraph 4
A ．It is popular in many parts of the world.
B ．It is exciting to win someone stronger than you.
C ．You can learn to accept failure by learning Go.
D ．You can make friends with professional players.
7 ．“Cross-cultural communication” probably means .
A ．playing with other stronger players
B ．following the same rules to play Go
C ．carrying different methods when playing Go
D ．playing with someone from different cultural backgrounds
（2023·广东广州 · 华南师大附中校考三模）In sunny California, Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was afraid to see a great white shark biting the front of his board. “I could have touched its eye with my elbow.” says Craig. Too scared, he waved his arms and cut two of his fingers on the shark’s teeth by accident. He got off the opposite side of his surfboard, into the water. Then,
with Craig in the water, blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away.
Over a hundred shark attacks happen each year. Of these, one third are said to be great white attacks. As a result, great whites are often called “man-eaters” and thought to hunt and kill humans. However, this is not true. In fact, a person has a greater chance of being killed by lightning than by a great white. With frightening jaws (下巴) that hold around 300 teeth, a great white could very easily kill a person. Shark researchers are trying to understand the reasons
why great whites attack people and why most of those people manage to escape a death.
One of the most common explanations for great white attacks is that great whites don’t see well. They often mistake a person for a seal or a sea lion—a delicious snack to a great white. But there is reason to doubt this. Some research now shows that great whites can actually see, and discover seals, very well. When attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. However, when they get close to humans, they often move in slowly and bite less hard.“They take a bite, feel them over, then move on.” says Peter Klimley, author of The
Secret Live’s of Sharks.
Shark experts like Klimley hold the opinion that great whites “attack” because they are actually curious animals that like to study things. They believe that it’s possible that great whites use their bite not just to kill and eat, but also
to collect information. According to this idea, once a great white is clear about what it is biting, it simply lets go.
Though such experiences are unlucky for people like Craig, perhaps when sharks bite surfboards, other objects,
or even people, they are probably just trying to learn what they are.
8 ．What’s the correct order of Craig Rogers’ experience
a.The shark bit Craig’s fingers.
b.The shark swam away.
c.Craig fell into the water.
d.Craig was sitting on the surfboard.
e.A white shark bit Craig’s surfboard.
A ．d﹣e﹣a﹣c﹣b
B ．d﹣e﹣c﹣a﹣b
C ．e﹣d﹣a﹣c﹣b
D ．c﹣a﹣b﹣d﹣e
9 ．According to the passage, it is difficult to understand why great whites .
A ．kill humans
B ．have around 300 teeth
C ．often let humans escape
D ．grow to five meters long or more
10 ．In Klimley’s opinion, great whites attack because .
A ．they are always hungry
B ．they have big jaws
C ．they are curious
D ．they don’t see well
11 ．The best title for this passage could be .
A ．Great Whites: Facts and Fiction
B ．How to Survive a Shark Attack
C ．Why Great Whites Kill Humans
D ．Surfers and Sharks: Impossible Friends
（2023·广东广州 · 统考二模）In the summer of 1978, an English man named Steven was driving his tractor through a field of wheat when he discovered something strange. Some of his wheat was lying on the ground. The
flattened wheat formed a circle about six meters across. Around this circle were four smaller circles of flattened wheat.
Three years later, a farmer who lived nearby discovered almost the same circles in one of his fields. These circles were larger—nearly 15 meters across. In the Same year, another English farmer discovered three circles of flattened wheat on his land—one large circle between two small circles. During the following years, farmers in England found
circles in their fields more and more often.
The circles are called “crop circles” because they usually appear in fields of wheat or corn. The wheat in the circles lies on the ground but is never broken; it keeps on growing, and the farmers can later harvest it. Farmers always discover the crop circles in the morning, so the circles probably form at night. They appear only in the months
from May to September. What cause the crop circles
At first, people thought that some kids were making them as a joke, or that farmers were making them to attract tourists. (In fact, in 1991, two men said they made the circles themselves, but many scientists don’t believe them.),
and they couldn’t flatten the wheat without breaking it.
For several times, people reported seeing strange objects near the fields where crop circles later appeared. Many
people believe that these crop circles are the messages sent by living things for outer space or the marks left by their
spaceships.
Scientists who have studied the crop circles try to find out what causes them. In the summer of 1990, some scientists spent three weeks in the part of England where many circles have appeared. They had all the latest high- tech equipment ( 最新高科技设备). The equipment-worth 1.8 million dollars—got nothing. But one night, crop circles formed in the field behind them, which were quite different from the others. The scientists had neither seen
nor heard anything.
When Steven discovered the crop circles on his land in 1978, he said, “It was just like something that had landed
in the field from the air and gone back up again. I don’t know what to make of these things.”
Crop circles have appeared in England, Japan, the United States and Russia. Experts from all over the world
have studied them, and they say what Steven said: we don’t know what to make of these things.
12 ．Which picture is probably the one formed in the field behind the scientists
A .
B .
C
.
D .
13 ．“Flattened wheat” means .
A ．harvested wheat B ．growing wheat C ．broken wheat D ．lying wheat
14 ．Which of the following sentences is NOT true according to the passage
A ．Crop circles are always discovered in the morning.
B ．The crop circles maybe form at night.
C ．Crop circles have appeared all over the world.
D ．The wheat in the circles can keep on growing.
15 ．The passage is mainly about something .
A ．that is discovered and copied by the farmer
B ．that is done by living things from outer space
C ．that cannot be solved but found all around the world
D ．that cannot be made clear or understood
（2023·广东广州 · 华南师大附中校考三模） Spring Ahead
On March 12, clocks in the United States and at least 60 other countries “spring toward” one hour for daylight saving time（DST 夏令时） . We lose an hour of sleep. But we get more daylight until November, when clocks “fall
back” an hour as we return to standard time. This cycle has been going on for years.
Arizona and Hawaii do not have DST. Meanwhile, Alabama, Colorado, and several other states have tried to make DST year-round. Last March, the U.S. Senate（参议院）passed the Sunshine Protection Act. It would make DST long-lasting and give Americans an extra hour of daylight, all year long. Congress（国会）did not pass the bill, and it’s unclear whether lawmakers will try again. But one thing is certain: The time-change debate isn’t going away.
Many reasons, from health to energy use, make it a hot topic.
DST was finally passed in the U.S. in 1966. But the country first tried it in 1918, during WorldWar I. “It allowed people to do things for the war effort after they got home from work, like planting gardens,” historian David Prerau told TIME for Kids. “That extra hour has other benefits,” he says. “It saves energy. It gets people outdoors. And it’s
good for public health.”
Others say DST disrupts sleep. “The more our sleep patterns and body clock patterns don’t fit what we need, for work and school,the worse it is for us, from a health view,” says Anne Skeldon, a mathematician who creates models
of sleep behavior. “The time change can be especially hard on teens,” she adds.
The Sunshine Protection Act is not the first effort the U.S. has made toward everlasting daylight saving time. In 1974, DST continued into the winter because of a serious energy shortage. But in some states, sunrise was as late as 9:00 a.m. Kids had to wait for school buses in the dark. Some kids took flashlights with them. People disliked it so
much.
In 2022, a CBS News survey found 46% of Americans want DST to be year-round. They said more daylight puts them in a better feeling. About 33% want standard time to be year-round. They said people get better sleep that
way. Only 21% like switching back and forth, as we do now.
16 ．Which of the following statements is TRUE about daylight saving time (DST)
A ．Clocks are set back by one hour in spring.
B ．It was finally passed in the US in 1974.
C ．DST is used in all 50 states of the US.
D ．DST provides an extra hour of daylight until November.
17 ．What is the main idea of paragraph 2
A ．Efforts to make year-round DST a law failed.
B ．Several states want to have year-round DST.
C ．The time-change debate remains a popular topic.
D ．DST has been in history for a long time.
18 ．How many benefits does carrying out DST have according to paragraph 3
A ．Three. B ．Four. C ．Five. D ．Six.
19 ．The meaning of the underlined word “disrupts” in paragraph 4 is close to .
A ．increases B ．needs C ．influences D ．reduces
（2023·广东广州 · 校考三模） Being green means protecting the environment in our daily life. The best way to do this is buying green products. But how do we know if a product is really green We need to think about everything
of the product.
First, we should look at the materials of the products. Green products are made of natural materials. This is good
for our health.
Second, where a product is made and where we buy it are also important. We should try to buy local products, especially food. We can order directly from local farmers. Buying from shops near our homes is also a good idea,
because we can go there without driving a car.
Packaging (包装) is another thing we should think about. We should choose products that have glass paper or other packaging that can be reused or recycled. We should also try to buy products that have less packaging or no
packaging at all.
The greenest thing we can do is not to buy unnecessary products. We should only buy things we really need, like food and clothes. If we don't need something, we should leave it in the shop. This saves money, reduces waste,
and helps keep the planet healthy.
All in all, by buying green products, we can help make our planet a better place to live on.
20 ．The writer suggests buying food near our homes because .
A ．it takes shorter time B ．it saves energy
C ．the food is fresher D ．the food costs less
21 ．What does the underlined word “This” refers to
A ．Buying only necessary products. B ．Not shopping for anything.
C ．Shopping for important products. D ．Buying only food and clothes.
22 ．Which is the correct structure (结构) of the passage
A .
B .
C .
D .
23 ．Which can be the best title for the passage
A ．Keeping Healthy B ．Recycling Waste
C ．Buying Green Products D ．Reducing Energy Use
（2023·广东广州 · 校考三模）Smartphones are getting boring. The new models are either a bit faster or have nicer cameras, but they are basically no different from the ones already in our pockets. This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At
the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses.
Just imagine. Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen, all of the information you need simply appears just in front of you, in your glasses. Satellite navigation (导航) directions would appear right there
on the road. And your smart glasses could guide you to the right shelf in the supermarket!
Smart glasses could also be used in industry. They could show engineers the instructions they need to fix things more quickly. A doctor could carry out a huge operation, guided in real time by someone on the other side of the world. This may not happen. But most of the technologies to invent them are already there. For example, one key technology is called AR, which can make digital 3D objects appear as if they are part of the real world. We’ve used
it a lot on our video call. Similarly, huge progress has been made in spatial (空间的) audio. This is when a sound is
made to give it a sense of place, like what you hear in an empty room. Some high-end earphones can already do that. Future glasses will of course need to recognize your voice to do tasks. This technology has been widely used in our
daily life.
So, why aren’t we all wearing smart glasses yet So far, no one has invented a good way to send images of our world onto glasses. However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than
we think.
24 ．Why does the writer mention smartphones in Paragraph 1
A ．To start a story. B ．To explain an idea.
C ．To introduce a topic. D ．To discuss a problem.
25 ．What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about
A ．When smart glasses might be made.
B ．Where smart glasses could be used.
C ．Why smart glasses should be changed.
D ．How smart glasses would give directions.
26 ．Which of the following technologies needs to be improved to invent smart glasses
A ．Making spatial audio. B ．Recognizing voices.
C ．Creating digital 3D objects. D ．Sending images onto glasses.
27 ．How might the writer feel about the future of smart glasses
A ．Negative. B ．Satisfied. C ．Positive. D ．Uncertain.
（2023·广东广州 ·广州市第一一三中学校考三模）It is a question that has confused parents for many years:
why do children refuse to eat greens
Now, two American experts believe they have the answer.
After studying dozens of babies as they played with different objects, the researchers noted that they were far more unwilling to touch plants than other things. They believe this is because evolution （生 物 进 化 ） has
biologically made children be wary of plants.
Because of susceptibility（敏感性）to illness or injury in the early years of life, the body has designed an inner defence mechanism（内部保护机制）that limits a child’s contact with plants, they think. The researchers believe
this is why babies in the study were afraid of touching plants and why children turn their noses up when faced with
a plate of broad beans.
The findings are published in a paper by Dr Annie E Wertz and Dr Karen Wynn, both psychologists at Yale
University.
They wrote, “Throughout human evolution...plants have been important in human’s life. Yet, for all of these
benefits, plants have always caused very real dangers.”
“Plants produce toxin （毒素 ）as defences that can be harmful, or even deadly. Some plants also produce
physical defences, such as thorns（荆棘） can damage tissues（组织） and cause effects over the whole body.”
They added, “We predicted that babies may have behavioral strategies that reduce dangers caused by plants.”
To test their theory, the researchers studied how children aged eight to 18 months old reacted when presented with a variety of objects. It took much longer for children to grab plants: objects that were pretended to look like
plants also caused a slow response time.
For parents attempting to spoon some peas into the mouth of their child, this finding should come as welcome
relief.
28 ．What does the underlined word “wary” in the third paragraph mean
A ．curious B ．afraid C ．tired D ．certain
29 ．What did early humans probably do in order to keep away from illness or injury
A ．They choose to make more man-made things.
B ．They didn’t allow their children to touch plants.
C ．They chose to have little contact with plants.
D ．They tried very hard to escape from the past.
30 ．What was plants’ role in early human’s life
A ．They were important, in spite of danger.
B ．They reacted badly to human evolution.
C ．They contributed to the most deaths and illness.
D ．They developed human physical defences against dangers.
31 ．What’s the passage mainly about
A ．Why some plants are harmful.
B ．How humans react to plants.
C ．Why children don’t like to eat greens.
D ．When children form behavioral strategies.
（2023·广东广州 · 校考二模）Do you like to sit together with your family and drink tea after meals For
thousands of years, tea has been a popular drink in China. No with as also caught the world’s eyes.
On November 29th, 2022, the ways of making traditional Chinese tea and the social practices that go with them entered the UN intangible cultural heritage list (非物质文化遗产名录). Since ancient times, Chinese people have
been planting, picking, making and drinking tea.
China’s tea culture has a number of social practices. For example, one of them is that a host should welcome guests with boiled tea. Boiling tea is another oldest way of brewing (煮沏) Chinese tea. It started in the Tang Dynasty (618-907). Later, in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), a faster way took its place — steeping (冲泡). However, the old way is now making a comeback among young people in Beijing and Guangdong — weilu zhucha. It is a kind of relaxing way, coming from Yunnan’s “roasting tea in the fire pond”. A small group of people, at most four or six young people, sit around a stove as they boil tea on it. The tea can be green tea, black tea or fruit tea. The tea is steaming, roasting various snacks beside the teapot, like nuts and sweet potatoes. In this way, people can get a taste of as lower life and feel more relaxed. As one post on the app Xiaohongshu says, “It is very relaxing to drink hot tea,
feel the fall breeze, and chat with best friends.”
32 ．What does the underlined word “practices” mean in Para. 3
A ．exercises B ．customs C ．habits D ．skills
33 ．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A ．Chinese people welcome guests with roasting tea.
B ．Boiling tea is easier than steeping tea.
C ．During the activity of weilu zhucha, people not only drink tea but also enjoy different snacks.
D ．A small group of young people make weilu zhuch a popular again.
34 ．Which place is home to weilu zhucha according to the passage
A ．Beijing. B ．Guangdong. C ．Yunnan. D ．Guangzhou
35 ．What can we know about weilu zhucha according to the passage
A ．Weilu zhucha gives a new meaning to our life now.
B ．Weilu zhucha catches up with a fast-rhythm life now.
C ．Weilu zhucha is suitable for many people to sit around.
D ．Weilu zhucha is getting more and more attention now.
（2023·广东广州 ·执信中学校考三模）Tears can ruin make-up, bring a conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. They can leave you ashamed and without energy. However, crying is a fact of life, and tears are very useful. Even when you’re not crying, your eyes produce tears. These create a film over the eye’s surface. This film
has something that protects your eyes.
Tears comfort stress, but we get used to fighting them for all sorts of reasons. “People worry about showing their emotions. They’re afraid that once they lose control, they’ll never get it back,” explains Doctor Dorothy Rowe. “As children, we were sometimes punished for dropping tears or expressing anger. As adults, we still fear the results
of showing emotions.”
Almost any emotion — good or bad, happy or sad can cause tears. Crying is a way that we release built-up emotions. Tears can help you when you feel you are ready to blowup because of very strong feelings. It may explain
why people who are afraid to cry often suffer more heart attacks than people who cry more freely.
When some people become very stressed, however, they can’t cry. They may be feeling anger, fear or sadness, but they conceal the emotion — not willing anyone to know how they really feel. “Everyone has the need to cry,” says Doctor Vera Diamond. Sometimes in hospitals, patients join in crying exercises. They practice crying so that they can get used to expressing emotion. Diamond says it’s best to cry in safe and private places because many people
get uncomfortable when others cry in front of them. In fact, they may be repressing their own need to cry as well.
In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not proper. It’s good to control tears during a business discussion. “But once you are safely behind closed doors, don’t just cry,” Diamond says. She suggests that you act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel comfortable. She adds, “Once your tears
have eased the stress, you can begin to think of reasonable ways to deal with the problem.”
Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. You should never be afraid to cry.
36 ．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A ．How tears can do people good. B ．Why people are afraid to cry.
C ．How emotions may influence people. D ．What different groups of people think of tears.
37 ．The word “conceal” in Paragraph 4 probably means “ ”.
A ．express B ．change C ．show D ．hide
38 ．Why does the writer mention Diamond’s suggestion in Paragraph 5
A ．To advise what to do after crying. B ．To stress disadvantages of crying.
C ．To prove why it’s good not to cry. D ．To introduce ways to control tears.
39 ．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A ．Don’t Believe in Tears B ．Cry as You Want
C ．Laughing Is Better Than Crying D ．The Value of Tears
（2023·广东广州 · 执信中学校考三模）For many people, Xiaohongshu (Little Red Book) is one of the top sites for tips on beauty, fashion, travel, food and education. For others, it is also a perfect place to share one’s life experiences. But for a growing number of young people, the site is a place to look not for friends, but dazi, or “activity
partner” .
The word dazi became especially common earlier this year, with many people in search of those with similar interests. Unlike friendships, the relationships between dazi are not long or deep. The idea is simple—people come
together to join in an activity they all enjoy.
Finding dazi circles is becoming popular for two reasons. First, the Internet has made it easy for young people to connect with one another. Second, young people, especially students, usually have smaller social circles. For students, “Their friends are mostly their schoolmates. So, it can be difficult to find someone who shares a similar interest. Going online to find dazi to do something they like is more practical.” says Xu Shijin, an organizer of dazi
groups on Xiaohongshu.
▲ Bu Yu, a 35-year-old who lives in Shanghai decided to form a dazi group after finding that many mothers wanted their children to play together. She created a group in late March, and organized a tour of the Shanghai Firefighting Museum in April with other families that have children of similar ages. “The experience was great,” says
Bu.
“We humans like doing things together. This is why young people are crazy about finding dazi circles these days,” says Yu Hai, a professor at Fudan University. It’s also good for young people to take part in more gatherings
to practice their social skills.
40 ．What is the purpose of finding dazi
A ．To make friends.
B ．To get advice on fashion and travel.
C ．To share life experiences with each other.
D ．To join in activities with people with similar interests.
41 ．Why is finding dazi becoming popular with young people
A ．Because they have bigger social circles.
B ．Because they can’t get along well with people around.
C ．Because it is easy for them to connect with people online.
D ．Because it is impossible to find someone with similar interests in school.
42 ．Which of the following is the best sentence to be put in Paragraph 4
A ．Students are crazy about it.
B ．Even people in their mid-30s welcome it.
C ．Visiting museums is good for children.
D ．People use dazi circle to practice their social skills.
43 ．In which part of a newspaper can we find this passage
A ．Culture. B ．Business. C ．Advertisement. D ．History.
（2023·广东广州 · 广州市天河中学校考三模）As people get older, the types of friends they have tend to change. As young adults, humans have a lot of friends. With age, they often prefer to spend their time with just a few close, positive people. Researchers long believed that this change was unique to humans, but a new study finds that
chimpanzees also have similar trends.
One explanation for the humans to get picky about social connections has to do with awareness of our limited life time. “People monitor how much time we have left in our life and choose emotion ally-fulfilling relationships in old age,” says one of the study’s lead authors Alexandra G. Rosati, a psychologist at the University of Michigan. As people age, they don’t want to be surrounded by a large group of negative friends, but would prefer to be near some
optimistic ones.
Rosati and her colleague were curious whether chimpanzee would show similar features even though they don’t seem to be aware of their upcoming death. Researchers used 78,000 hours of observations made over 20 years from the Kibale Chimpanzee Project in Uganda. The data looked at the social interactions （互 动 ） of 21 male chimpanzee between 15 and 58 years old. The researchers only studied male chimpanzee because they show stronger
social bonds and have more social interactions than female chimpanzee.
Researchers found that wild chimpanzee share a similar pattern. “They interact with others in more positive
ways as they get older. Younger adults, in contrast, show more aggression（好斗情绪） and were more likely to for mone-sided relationships where their partner did not reciprocate.” says Rosati. For example, the older chimpanzees would sit close to their long-time companions and groom （给 …… 梳毛）each other, while younger chimps had more one-sided relationships where they would groom a friend, but the action wasn’t returned. The study was
published in the journal Science.
“This aging pattern maybe the result of shared changes in our abilities to manage our emotions with age,” Rosati says. “This shared pattern between chimpanzee and humans could represent an adaptive response where older adults focus on important social relationships that provide benefits and avoid interactions that have negative results as they
lose competitive fighting ability.”
44 ．Why do humans change their preference for friends in old age
A ．They don’t like making new friends. B ．Their friends pass away one by one.
C ．They adapt to the changes in nature. D ．They know their life is running out.
45 ．What is the purpose of Paragraph 3
A ．To show the study was done scientifically.
B ．To show how scientists tried to prove their guessing.
C ．To show how hard it was to observe the chimpanzee.
D ．To show male chimpanzee are unaware of upcoming death.
46 ．What does the underlined word “reciprocate” in Paragraph 4 mean
A ．Repay their kindness. B ．Take care of them.
C ．Get along well with them. D ．Sit close to them.
47 ．Which can be a suitable title for the text
__________
A ．People prefer positive Partners in Old Age B ．Positive Bonds Benefit Chimps in Many Ways
C ．Aging Chimps like Us act Picky About Friends D ．Chimps Share Similar Tendencies with Humans
（2023·广东广州 · 校考二模）Imagine, one day, we will get out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours. Then, after a full day of work, we can go back home to Beijing and having dinner
there.
Sounds like a fully packed day, doesn’t it But it will not be a dream one day with the development of China’s
high-speed railway system. And that’s not all. China has an even more ambitious high-speed railway plan—to connect
the country with Southeast Asia, and eventually Eastern Europe.
“China is planning to enlarge its own high-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 10 to 15 years, finally reaching London and Singapore,” said Wang Mengshu, a Beijing Jiaotong University professor who has taken part
in every major Chinese express-railway project.
Wang said China has planned three such projects, although the specific routing has yet to be decided. The first would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and Malaysia. Another could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, and possibly to Germany. The third would start in the
northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe.
“Japan may be famous for its bullet trains, but if China’s plan for the high-speed railway goes forward, people
could zip over from London to Beijing in under two days,” Wang explained.
Well, two days still sounds like quite a long trip, but think about how many countries the train passes through-
—you’d never have enough time to enjoy the view.
According to Wang, the new system would still follow China’s high-speed railway standard. And the trains
would be able to go 346 kilometers an now, almost as fast as some airplanes.
China’s bullet train, the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou, already has the world’s fastest average speed. It covers 1,069 kilometers in about three hours. “That’s comparable to the distance from Boston to Virginia,” said Beth
Loyd, an ABC News producer, in an article. “That’s less time than Amtrak’s [the US rail company] fastest train takes
to go from New York to Boston [a shorter distance].”
48 ．What’s the main idea of the passage
A ．Encourage people to travel by railway.
B ．Introduce the big railway plan of China.
C ．Call on people to go travelling around the world.
D ．Compare the power of making railway with other countries.
49 ．Why does the writer say that going back home to Beijing from Shanghai within a day is not a dream
A ．Because China has a powerful transportation.
B ．Because it is easy for people to fly from Shanghai to Beijing in China.
C ．Because China has already developed a powerful high-speed railway system.
D ．Because China is building a high-speed railway and even the network around the world.
50 ．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A ．Some of the trains in China are able to go as fast as some airplanes.
B ．China has decided three major Chinese express-railway projects and begins to build them.
C ．The China’s bullet train that connects Wuhan to Guangzhou has the fastest speed in the world.
D．People could travel from London to Beijing within two days if we make progress in building the high-speed
railway system.
51 ．The passage can be described as a（an） .
A ．advertisement B ．travel guide C ．news report D ．notice
（2023·广东广州 · 统考二模）Have you ever heard of character amnesia (记忆缺失) Amnesia refers to a condition where someone loses all or most of his or her memory. It may be too strong a word to use. With character amnesia, however, it means people have forgotten to put the correct stroke (笔画) in a Chinese word or have forgotten
the character completely when writing. Do you have the same problem about it
Character amnesia is partly caused by the popularity of electronic communication. Today, most people write using computers or other electronic devices. These devices all have input software. You can easily type in a character
even if you don’t know how to form it.
Back in 2013, CCTV held an interesting TV contest. Contestants were given a word and then asked to write it on a screen. Some of them had a hard time writing such common words as “癞蛤蟆” and “打喷嚏”. The audience at home were encouraged to try writing these words at the same time. The contest showed how widespread character
amnesia had become. The audience felt surprised. For teachers, however, it was just old news.
Su Yunsheng has taught Chinese for more than twenty years. She says, “In recent years, character amnesia has become more and more common among students. I often see students write words incorrectly. The popularity of electronic devices is a major factor.” Su is not the only one complaining. Many experts think not being able to write
characters correctly threatens China’s cultural heritage.
Written Chinese requires a good memory and a lot of hard work. But Chinese characters are a great cultural achievement. Chinese people should be proud of it. It will be a pity if we lose that heritage someday. The threat is
nothing to sneeze at! This should arouse our attention.
52 ．According to the article, what can we know about people with character amnesia
A ．They cannot read or write at all.
B ．They have lost all or most of their memory.
C ．They forget how to write some characters correctly.
D ．They cannot write using computers or other electronic devices.
53 ．In the 2013 CCTV contest, what were contestants asked to do
A ．Write some Chinese words on a screen.
B ．Pronounce some common Chinese words.
C ．Type in some difficult words using keyboards.
D ．Show how widespread character amnesia had become.
54 ．What can we know about Su Yunsheng
A ．She asks her students to use computers to write.
B ．She has been teaching English tor more than 20 years.
C ．She notices many students experiencing character amnesia.
D ．She thinks character amnesia is not a common and serious problem.
55 ．What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this passage
A ．To explore the causes of character amnesia.
B ．To advise people not to use computers too often.
C ．To ask people to pay attention to the bad effects of character amnesia.
D ．To tell readers the difference between amnesia and character amnesia.
（2023·广东广州 ·广州大学附属中学校考二模）
① It is easy to believe that the daily life of a plant is simple and boring. They seem to just stand there and sunbathe. In fact, plants are always busy doing many things. Measuring (估量) light is one of them. This activity
helps plants to plan better for the future.
② To start with, we should know how plants feel the light. In fact, there are some special proteins (蛋白质) in
their cells (细胞). Once receiving light, they will call on other cells to produce, resulting in the growth towards the
light.
③ Then what can plants get from measuring the changes in the amount of daylight This helps them to tell what time of the year it is. If a plant is beginning to get more daylight, it knows it’s spring. Because of this, it may
then start producing flowers.
④ If the amount of daylight starts to get low, the plant knows that autumn is coming. It may start to store “food”
for its growth. For example, the potato plant will make tubers(块茎)—the potatoes that we eat.
⑤ Plants record not only the amount of daylight they receive, but also the quality of light. Some forms of light can help plants grow better. Direct sunlight, for example, works better than light that is being separated through the
leaves of other plants. A plant can’t get the right form of light when it is prevented from getting light by other plants.
It may then begin to grow taller or produce larger leaves in order to get more sunlight.
56 ．What is one of a plant’s daily activities according to Paragraph 1
A ．Producing flowers. B ．Taking in CO2.
C ．Sleeping in the sun. D ．Measuring light.
57 ．What is the theme (主题) of the passage
A ．Nature. B ．Culture. C ．Education. D ．Technology.
58 ．What is the best title for the text
A ．Plants Tell Seasons B ．Plants “See” Light
C ．Plants Need “Food” D ．Plants Sunbathe Daily
59 ．Which of the following shows the structure of the text
A ． B ． C ． D .
参考答案：
1 ．C 2 ．B 3 ．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在学校花园里让学生自己种植蔬菜的好处。
1 ．细节理解题。根据“Every child in grades 3-5 received a total of eighteen 60-minute lessons across the school year.”可知，3-5 年级的每个孩子在整个学年里共接受了 18 节 60 分钟的课程。18 节 60 分钟的课程一共是 1080
分钟。故选 C。
2．细节理解题。根据“The study found that vegetable intake increased greatly if the children grew their own produce across the year. Related studies show that increased vegetable intake can improve health and cut the risk of chronic diseases.”可知，研究发现，如果孩子们全年种植自己的蔬菜，蔬菜摄入量会大大增加。相关研究表明，增
加蔬菜摄入量可以改善健康状况，降低患慢性病的风险。所以孩子们可以从园艺项目中受益。故选 B。
3 ．篇章结构题。根据第一段“It’s not always enjoyable for children to eat vegetables. But what if a garden is built in the school New research suggests that a gardening program in schools can increase children’s vegetable intake.” 可知， 孩子们吃蔬菜并不总是令人愉快的， 但是如果学校里建了花园呢？新的研究表明, 学校的园艺项目可 以增加儿童的蔬菜摄入量。所以第一段引入文章话题，学校的园艺项目可以增加儿童的蔬菜摄入量；再由 三个小标题“How the Study Was Carried Out”、“The Benefits Children Could Get”和“The Benefits Children Could Get”可知，后面三段分别介绍了“研究是如何进行的” 、“孩子们可以获得的益处”和“让孩子在家接触蔬菜的
方法” ；最后一段总结园艺项目给孩子们带来的长远影响。所以文章是“总-分-总”结构。故选 B。
4 ．A 5 ．D 6 ．C 7 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了围棋的规则、来源、好处以及发展。
4 ．细节理解题。根据第二段“The game was invented in China more than 2,500 years ago. It is one of the four Chinese traditional fine arts, along with playing guqin, writing and painting, so it owns a wide fan base in China.” 可知，这项运动是 2500 多年前在中国发明的，它与古琴、文字、绘画并称为“ 中国四大传统艺术” ，因此在
中国拥有广泛的粉丝基础。所以 it 指代的是这项运动，即“ 围棋” 。故选 A。
5 ．推理判 断题 。根据第 四段 “Schreiber, the vice chairman, was introduced to the game 16 years ago by a classmate. ‘The first time I played Go, I even couldn’t understand the rules.’he said.”可知， 副主席 Schreiber 在 16 年前被一位同学介绍到这个游戏中，他说：“我第一次下围棋的时候，甚至都看不懂规则。 ”所以他第一次下
围棋后可能会感到很困惑。故选 D。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段“I advise children to learn Go. They can learn that there is always someone stronger and it’s OK to lose. They can also learn how to improve from their mistakes and say tomorrow will be better than today.” 可知，我建议孩子们学习围棋。他们会明白，总有比你更强大的人，输了也没关系。他们还可以学习如何
从错误中改进，并说明天会比今天更好。所以通过学习围棋你可以学会接受失败。故选 C。
7．词句猜测题。根据划线处前一句“One of the best ways to improve is to play against someone who’s stronger, as well as from different cultural backgrounds.”可知， 提高自己的最好方法之一，就是和比自己更强的人以及来自
不同文化背景的人比赛。所以 cross-cultural communication 意思是“与不同文化背景的人一起下棋”。故选 D。
8 ．A 9 ．C 10 ．C 11 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了大白鲨在攻击人类之后不杀死人类的原因。
8 ．细节理解题。根据第一段“In sunny California, Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard when his board suddenly stopped moving... Then, with Craig in the water, blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away.”可知， Craig Rogers 正在冲浪板上坐着， 突然一条大白鲨咬住了他的冲浪板， 他太害怕了 所以挥动手臂被大白鲨咬了手指。紧接着他跳入了水中，大白鲨最后自己游走了。所以他经历的顺序为
d﹣e﹣a﹣c﹣b。故选 A。
9 ．判断推理题。根据第二段“In fact, a person has a greater chance of being killed by lightning than by a great white. With frightening jaws that hold around 300 teeth, a great white could very easily kill a person. Shark researchers are trying to understand the reasons why great whites attack people and why most of those people manage to escape a death.”可知， 大白鲨可以轻易杀死一个人， 但是它在攻击人类以后却让大多数人类逃脱。由此可
推断出，很难理解为什么大白鲨经常让人类逃脱。故选 C。
10 ．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Shark experts like Klimley hold the opinion that great whites ‘attack’ because they are actually curious animals that like to study things.” 可知，在 Klimley 看来，大白鲨攻击是因为它们很好
奇，喜欢研究东西。故选 C。
11 ．标题归纳题。通过阅读全文可知，文章主要讲述了大白鲨攻击人类之后却不杀死人类的原因。故选 C。
12 ．B 13 ．D 14 ．C 15 ．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了麦田怪圈现象。
12 ．推理判断题。根据“Some of his wheat was lying on the ground. The flattened wheat formed a circle about six meters across. Around this circle were four smaller circles of flattened wheat.”可知此处讲压扁的小麦形成了一个 大约 6 米宽的圆圈。在这个圆圈周围是四个更小的被压扁的小麦圈。由此可推出 B 项中一个大圈周围四个
小圈符合描述。故选 B。
13．词义猜测题。根据“Some of his wheat was lying on the ground.”可知这里 flattered wheat 指的是上文提到的
倒在地上的麦子。故选 D。
14．细节理解题。根据“Crop circles have appeared in England, Japan, the United States and Russia.”可知并非全
世界都出现了麦田怪圈。故选 C。
15 ．主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍了麦田怪圈这一现象，这一现象至今没有科学的解释，故选
D。
16 ．D 17 ．B 18 ．B 19 ．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了在 3 月 12 日，美国和其他 60 多个国家把钟表“往前调一个小时” ，采用夏令时。
16 ．推理判断题。根据“But we get more daylight until November, when clocks ‘fall back’ an hour as we return to standard time.”可知， 在 11 月之前， 我们会有更多的日光， 当我们回到标准时间时， 时钟会“后退”一个小时。
由此可知，在 11 月之前，白天的时间会多额外的一个小时， 11 月之后，时间恢复正常。故选 D。
17 ．段落大意题。根据“Meanwhile, Alabama, Colorado, and several other states have tried to make DST year- round.”可知，阿拉巴马州、科罗拉多州和其他几个州已经尝试全年实行夏令时。因此，第 2 段主要讲述了
有几个州想尝试全年夏令时。故选 B。
18．细节理解题。根据“It allowed people to do things for the war effort after they got home from work, like planting gardens”和“It saves energy. It gets people outdoors. And it’s good for public health.”可知，它允许人们下班回家 后可以做一些事情，像种植花园，它节省能源，把人们带到户外，对公众健康有好处。因此文章在第 3 段
提到了种植花园、节能、促进户外运动和公共健康四个好处。故选 B。
19 ．词义猜测题。根据“The more our sleep patterns and body clock patterns don’t fit what we need, for work and school, the worse it is for us, from a health view”可知， 从健康的角度来看， 我们的睡眠模式和生物钟模式越不 符合我们工作和学习的需要，对我们就越不利。可知，有人觉得夏令时影响睡眠。disrupts 意为“打扰，影
响” ，与 influences 同义。故选 C。
20 ．B 21 ．A 22 ．D 23 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了购买绿色产品时，需要考虑的因素。
20 ．推理判断题。根据“Buying from shops near our homes is also a good idea, because we can go there without driving a car.”可知， 从离家近的地方买东西是个好主意， 因为我们可以不开车去那里， 可推测是因为可以节
省能源。故选 B。
21 ．推理判 断题 。根据 “We should only buy things we really need, like food and clothes. If we don’t need
something, we should leave it in the shop.”可知，我们应该只买我们真正需要的东西，比如食物和衣服。如果
我们不需要某物，我们应该让它留在商店里。可推测这里的 This 指的是只买有需要的、必要的东西。故选
A。
22 ．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍了保护环境最好的方法是购买绿色产品；第二自然段到第五 自然段具体介绍了购买绿色产品时需要考虑的因素, 最后一段总述我们可以帮助使我们的星球成为一个更
美好的居住地。故文章结构为总→分→总。故选 D。
23．最佳标题题。根据“We need to think about everything of the product.”并结合全文内容可知， 本文主要介绍
了购买绿色产品时，需要考虑的因素。选项 C“购买绿色产品”符合。故选 C。
24 ．C 25 ．B 26 ．D 27 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲和智能手机一样能改变我们生活的智能眼镜将在生活中的应用及目前
尚待解决的问题。
24 ．推理判断题。根据“This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses.”可知，
作者写到智能手机是为了能引出智能眼镜的话题。故选 C。
25 ．主旨大意题。根据“Just imagine. Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen, all of the information you need simply appears just in front of you, in your glasses.” 及“Smart glasses could also be used in
industry.”可知，第 2 和 3 段主要讲智能眼镜的使用场所，可以用在阅读和工业等领域。故选 B。
26 ．细节理解题。根据“So far, no one has invented a good way to send images of our world onto glasses.”可知，
一个能将图像发送到眼镜上的好方式还没有被发明出。故选 D。
27．推理判断题。根据“However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think.”可知，作者认为随着科技的发展，智能眼镜可能会比我们想象的更快到来，可推测作者对智
能眼镜的前景是比较有信心的，持积极态度的。故选 C。
28 ．B 29 ．C 30 ．A 31 ．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了孩子为什么拒绝吃蔬菜的这一现象，美国的专家通过研究给出了
科学的解释。
28 ．词义猜测题。根据“they were far more unwilling to touch plants than other things”可知， 婴儿们不愿意接触
植物的原因是对植物感到恐惧， wary 意为“恐惧的” ，故选 B。
29．细节理解题。根据“Because of susceptibility to illness or injury in the early years of life, the body has designed
an inner defence mechanism that limits a child’s contact with plants, they think.”可知，早期人们为了防止生病受
伤害会避免接触植物。故选 C。
30．细节理解题。根据“Throughout human evolution...plants have been important in human's life.Yet, for all of these benefits, plants have always caused very real dangers.”可知，早期人们认为植物在人们的生活中是重要的，但
是也很危险。故选 A。
31 ．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要解释了孩子们不喜欢吃蔬菜的原因。故选 C。
32 ．B 33 ．C 34 ．C 35 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国茶园的社会习俗，中国传统茶的制作方法和其伴随的社会习俗进
入了非物质文化遗产名录。
32 ．词义猜测题。根据“For example, one of them is that a host should welcome guests with boiled tea.”可推测，
主人应该用煮茶来欢迎客人应是一种社会习俗，此处 practices 等同于 customs 意为“ 习俗” 。故选 B。
33．细节理解题。根据“A small group of people, at most four or six young people, sit around a stove as they boil tea on it. The tea can be green tea, black tea or fruit tea. The tea is steaming, roasting various snacks beside the teapot,
like nuts and sweet potatoes.”可知在围炉煮茶活动中，人们不仅喝茶，还享受不同的小吃。故选 C。
34．细节理解题。根据“It is a kind of relaxing way, coming from Yunnan’s ‘roasting tea in the fire pond’.”可知，
围炉煮茶是来自云南的“火池烤茶” ，发源地是云南。故选 C。
35 ．细节理解题。根据“However, the old way is now making a comeback among young people in Beijing and
Guangdong — weilu zhucha.”可知现在，围炉煮茶越来越受到人们的关注。故选 D。
36 ．B 37 ．D 38 ．A 39 ．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了眼泪的价值。
36．段落大意题。根据“Tears comfort stress, but we get used to fighting them for all sorts of reasons.”可知， 眼泪
能减少压力，但我们习惯了因各种原因而与之抗争。可知本段主要说的是“为什么人们害怕哭。 ” 故选 B。
37 ．词义猜测题。根据“not willing anyone to know how they really feel”可知不愿任何人知道他们真实的感受，
由此推出是隐藏情绪， conceal 与 hide 意思相近。故选 D。
38 ．推理判断题。根据“She suggests that you act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel comfortable. She adds, ‘Once your tears have eased the stress, you can begin to think of
reasonable ways to deal with the problem.’ ”可知， 此处说的是一旦你的眼泪减轻了压力， 你就可以开始思考合
理的方法来处理这个问题。可推测用 Diamond 的话主要是为了给出哭了之后要做些什么的建议。故选 A 。 39．标题归纳题。根据“Tears comfort stress, but we get used to fighting them for all sorts of reasons.”和“Crying is a way that we release built-up emotions. Tears can help you when you feel you are ready to blow up because of very
strong feelings.”可知，本文主要说的是眼泪的作用、价值。故选 D。
40 ．D 41 ．C 42 ．B 43 ．A
【导语】本文介绍了小红书成为了年轻人寻找“搭子” 的热门平台， 并介绍了“搭子”这一流行用语的含义， 以
及人们的具体活动。
40．细节理解题。根据第二段“The idea is simple—people come together to join in an activity they all enjoy.” （这 个想法很简单，人们聚在一起参加他们都喜欢的活动。）可知人们找“搭子” 的目的是与有相似兴趣的人一起
参加活动。故选 D。
41 ．细节理解题。根据第三段“First, the Internet has made it easy for young people to connect with one another.”
可知因为互联网使年轻人更容易相互联系，所以受年轻人喜欢。故选 C。
42 ．推理判断题。根据第四段“Bu Yu, a 35-year-old who lives in Shanghai decided to form a dazi group after finding that many mothers wanted their children to play together.”可知现年 35 岁的卜宇住在上海，在发现很多 妈妈都想让孩子一起玩后， 她决定组建一个搭子小组。该段主要介绍了有孩子的家庭的“搭子”活动， 而前文
主要介绍了搭子在年轻人中的流行，选项 C“即使是 30 多岁的人也欢迎它”符合文意。故选 B。
43．推理判断题。通读全文可知， 本文介绍了“搭子”这一流行用语的含义， 以及人们的具体活动， 所以很有
可能从文化版块读到。故选 A。
44 ．D 45 ．A 46 ．A 47 ．D
【导语】本文通过科学研究来说明猩猩与人类一样，随着年龄变大，他们所交的朋友类型也会发生变化，
年老时喜欢选择少数几个亲近的又积极活跃的朋友。
44．细节理解题。根据第二段“One explanation for the humans to get picky about social connections has to do with awareness of our limited life time.”可知，人类对社会关系挑剔的一个解释是意识到我们的生命时间有限，故
选 D。
45．推理判断题。根据第三段“Researchers used 78,000 hours of observations made over 20 years from the Kibale Chimpanzee Project in Uganda. The data looked at the social interactions（互动）of 21 male chimpanzee between
15 and 58 years old.” 以及“The researchers only studied male chimpanzee because they show stronger social bonds
and have more social interactions than female chimpanzee.”可知， 文中所提的研究的科学性， 具有说服力。可见
第三段的写作目的是证明这项研究是科学的，故选 A。
46．词意猜测题。根据划线词所在句前半句“Younger adults, in contrast, show more aggression（好斗情绪） and were more likely to form one-sided relationships”（相反，年轻的成年猩猩表现出更有攻击性，更有可能地形 成单方面的关系）及后面的举例解释“For example, the older chimpanzees w ould sit close to their long-time companions and groom（给 ……梳毛）each other, while younger chimps had more one-sided relationships where they would groom a friend, but the action wasn’t returned.” （比如，年长点的猩猩愿意坐在它们长期的同伴身边， 彼此相互给对方梳毛，然而年轻点的猩猩有更多的单方面的关系，它们给一个朋友梳理毛发，但是它们的
行为没有得到回报。）可以推出划线词的意思是“ 回报” ，故选 A。
47 ．最佳标题题。根据全文可知，本文主要讲述猩猩与人类一样，随着年龄变大，他们所交的朋友类型也 会发生变化， 年老时喜欢选择少数几个亲近的又积极活跃的朋友。选项 D“猩猩享有与人类一样的变化趋势”
符合文意。故选 D。
48 ．B 49 ．D 50 ．D 51 ．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了列车的前景和发展计划。
48 ．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了告诉列车的前景和发展计划，故选 B。
49 ．细节理解题。根据“But it will not be a dream one day with the development of China’s high-speed railway system. And that’s not all. China has an even more ambitious high-speed railway plan—to connect the country with Southeast Asia, and eventually Eastern Europe”可知，因为中国正在世界各地修建高速铁路，甚至铁路网，故
选 D。
50．推理判断题。根据“Japan may be famous for its bullet trains, but if China’s plan for the high-speed railway goes forward, people could zip over from London to Beijing in under two days”可知，如果中国的高速铁路计划得以推
进，人们可以在两天内从伦敦到北京， D 表述正确，故选 D。
51 ．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了列车的前景和发展计划，最有可能是一篇新闻报道，故
选 C。
52 ．C 53 ．A 54 ．C 55 ．C
【导语】本文讲述什么是文字失忆症、分析了文字失忆症的原因。
52 ．细节理解题。根据“With character amnesia, however, it means people have forgotten to put the correct stroke
(笔画) in a Chinese word or have forgotten the character completely when writing.”可知，文字失忆症就是人们忘
记了一个字正确的笔画，或者完全忘记了这个字。故选 C。
53 ．细节理解题。根据“Contestants were given a word and then asked to write it on a screen. Some of them had a hard time writing such common words as ‘癞蛤蟆’ and ‘打喷嚏’.”可知， 参赛者被要求在屏幕上写字， 有些是常
用汉字。故选 A。
54 ．细节理解题。根据“In recent years, character amnesia has become more and more common among students. I
often see students write words incorrectly.”可知，她注意到许多学生正在经历文字失忆症。故选 C。
55 ．主旨大意题。本文讲述什么是文字失忆症、分析了文字失忆症的原因，汉字是一项伟大的文化成就，
不能正确书写汉字会威胁中国的文化遗产，呼吁人们要重视文字失忆造成的威胁。故选 C。
56 ．D 57 ．A 58 ．B 59 ．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了植物是如何感受光的。
56 ．细节理解题。根据“Measuring(估量) light is one of them.”可知，测量光是植物的日常活动之一。故选 D。 57 ．推理判断题。根据“In fact, plants are always busy doing many things. Measuring(估量) light is one of them.”
及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了植物是如何感受光的，属于自然这个主题。故选 A。
58 ．最佳标题题。根据“In fact, plants are always busy doing many things. Measuring(估量) light is one of them.”
及结合通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了植物是如何感受光的，本文的标题应为 B 选项。故选 B。
59 ．篇章结构题。根据第一段“In fact, plants are always busy doing many things. Measuring(估量) light is one of them.”可知， 本段讲植物是可以测量光的；第二段“To start with, we should know how plants feel the light.”可知， 本段讲植物是如何感受光的；第三段“If a plant is beginning to get more daylight, it knows it’s spring”可知，本 段讲光照增加时，植物的变化；第四段“If the amount of daylight starts to get low, the plant knows that autumn is coming.”可知，本段讲光照减少时， 植物的变化；第五段“Plants record not only the amount of daylight they receive, but also the quality of light.”可知， 本段讲植物还可以记录光的质量。综上所述， 本文结构应为 C 项所示。故
选 C。