人教版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions过去分词作定语和宾语补足语【期末挑重点】学案（含答案）

2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末专项复习(人教版版2019)
专题10 必修二 Unit 4 过去分词作定语和宾语补足语
一、定义
过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成；不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。
二、过去分词作定语的用法
1. 过去分词作定语的位置
1. 一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即 放在被修饰词之前。 注意：有时为了表示强调，也可放在被修饰词之后。 tired visitors疲惫的游客 a well-organized trip组织有序的旅行 beautifully dressed stars衣着华丽的明星 The disease was caused by polluted water. 这种疾病是由污染了的水造成的。 We finished the run in less than half the time allowed. 我们用了不到规定时间的一半就跑完了。 He is one of those invited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。
2.过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后。 visitors tired of the long wait厌倦了漫长等待的游客 a trip organized well by my workplace我的工厂安排得很好的旅行 stars dressed beautifully at the event在活动中打扮得很漂亮的明星 The river polluted by daily waste is now dirty and smelly. 被日常废物污染的河水现在脏且难闻。
2. 过去分词作定语的时态和语态
1. 及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成。被修饰词是其逻辑主语，和被修饰词构成被动关系，且该动作已经完成。 过去分词作定语时，相当于定语从句。 过去分词(短语)作非限定性定语，相当于非限定性定语从句，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与主句隔开。 I don't like the book written by Martin (=which was written by Martin). 我不喜欢马丁写的这本书。 It is a house built by the Romans (= which was built by the Romans). 这是罗马人建的房子。 The problem, discussed yesterday (=which was discussed yesterday), has been solved. 昨天讨论的问题被解决了。 They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack (=which is known as the Union Jack). 他们使用同一面国旗，被称为“英国国旗”。
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。 fallen leaves落下的叶子 boiled water 开过的水 the developed countries 发达国家
即学即练
Part I 单句语法填空
1. The mountain village ____________(surround)by beautiful natural landscape looks amazing.
2. The family's ancestors once attended to ____________(wound)soldiers in the First World War.
3. The young people ____________(attract)by the legend of Loch Ness watched over the lake with their cameras and binoculars ____________(position)on the hill.
4. Judy and I had our car ____________(park)in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where we could get our car battery ____________(charge).
5. When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guides, we heard it ____________(announce)that there were no audio guides left.
6. Judy had her eyes ____________(fix)on Van Gogh's Sunflowers. It was hard to approach the painting as there were so many people around.
7. She had a copy of the painting ____________(box)to ensure that it was delivered safely.
8. The scientist attended the meeting __________ (hold) in the Great Hall of the People.
9. Linjiang Bridge _____________ (build) in a shape of fish in Wuhu, Anhui Province was put into use in 2008.
10. With all the tasks _____________ (finish) ahead of time, he decided to set out on his travel.
11. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ___________ (remind) of his own dreams.
12. Claire had her luggage____________ (check) an hour before her plane left.
13. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ____________ (improve) in a short period.
14. Listen! Do you hear someone ______ (call) for help
15. So far, about 40 houses have fallen down under the weight of the snow, with 22 people_______(injure).
Part II 单项选择
1. The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house.
A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen
2. The island, _______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.
A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined
3. Tsinghua University, ______ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded
4. The players _______ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
A selecting B to select C selected D having selected
5. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _____from the library.
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing
6. So far nobody has claimed the money ______ in the library.
A. discovered B. to be discovered C. discovering D. having discovered
7. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm.
A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow
8. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, ______ in a small apartment near Boston and ______ what to do about his future.
A. living; wondering B. lived; wondering C. lived; wondered D. living; wondered
9. With the government’s aid, those _____ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected
10. The trees ______ in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down
11. It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year.
A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found
12. The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.
A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed
13. Peter received a letter just now _______ his grandma would come to see him soon.
A. said B. says C. saying D. to say
14. “Things _________ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost
15. I’m calling to enquire about the position _______ in yesterday’s China Daily.
A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised
16. Alexander tried to get his work ______ in the medical circles.
A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized
17. They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.
A. being run B. run C. to run D. running
18. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English______ as much as we can.
A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak
19. I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute
A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
20. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him.
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
即学即练参考答案
Part I 单句语法填空
1. surrounded 2. wounded 3. attracted；positioned 4. parked；charged 5. announced
6. fixed 7. boxed 8. held 9. built 10. finished
11. reminded 12. checked 13. improved 14. calling 15. injured
Part II 单项选择
1. B句意：接下来我们看到的是烟雾正从房子的后面冒出来。rising from behind the house为现在分词短语作后置定语，和所修饰词smoke构成主动关系，因此用现在分词作定语，相当于定语从句which/ that was rising from behind the house。
2. C句意：这个岛屿由一座桥和大陆相连，很容易到达。the island和join是被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。
3. C句意：建于1911年的清华大学培养了一大批杰出的人士。Tsinghua University与found之间存在着被动关系， founded过去分词表被动，也表动作已完成，因此用过去分词作定语。
4. C句意：人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。players和select为被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。
5. C 句意为：怀特老师向她的学生展示了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。Maps和borrow构成被动和完成关系，因此用过去分词作定语。
6. A该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money, 根据the money与discover的被动关系, 因此用过去分词作定语。
7. A句意：早餐他只喝在自己农庄种植出来的新鲜水果的果汁。fruit和grow被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语, 表示已经完成及被动的意思。
8. A句意：29岁的大卫是一个工人,住在波士顿附近的一间小公寓,不知如何规划他的未来。现在分词作定语修饰a worker, a worker 和live; wonder是主动关系，因此用现在分词作定语。
9. C句意：有了政府的援助, 那些受地震影响的人们已经搬到新的定居点。过去分词affected作后置定语修饰those，表示“那些被影响的人”。
10. B句意：在暴风雨中被吹倒的树已经被从道路上移走了。trees和blow down与之间是被动关系, 且是已经完成的动作, 故用过去分词短语blown down。
11. D句意：这是今年到目前为止在因特网上发现的最滑稽的事情之一。found此处为过去分词作后置定语, 用来修饰things, 与things构成被动关系。
12. C completed in the 1880’s为过去分词短语作定语修饰the Town Hall, 二者之间为被动关系。
13. C现在分词表示动作正在进行或经常发生, 此处的a letter 和say是主动关系，因此用现在分词，相当于定语从句which said。
14. A句意：错过的东西不会再重来。lost为过去分词转化来的形容词, 作things的定语, 相当于一个定语从句that are lost。
15. A句意：我打电话来咨询下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。the position和 advertise是被动关系, 此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised。
16. D 句意为：亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学圈内得到认可。his work和recognize之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作宾语补足语。
17. D句意：他们使用计算机来保持道路畅通。本题考查“keep+宾语+现在分词”作宾语结构，the traffic和run是主动关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语。
18. C此处考查hear+宾语+ done结构。因为宾语English是 “被说” , 故用spoken作宾补, 表示被动。
19. A smell something burning闻到有东西在烧焦了, 宾语something 和burn是主动关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语。
20. A 宾语his mother’s voice和call是主动关系。因此用现在分词作宾语补足语。