北京重点中学2023-2024学年高二下学期开学英语试题(无答案 无听力音频 无听力原文)

大峪中学2023~2024第二学期高二年级
英语学科开学考试试卷
（满分：150分 时间：120分钟）
考生须知 1．本试卷共12页，满分150分。考试时间120分钟。2．在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校和姓名，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡相应位置处。3．试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。选择题用2B铅笔作答，其它试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。4．考试结束，将试卷、答题卡和草稿纸一并交回。
第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）
听下面五段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第1小题。现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读该小题。
1．Why isn’t the man’s mobile phone working
A．The battery is low. B．He didn’t pay the bill. C．There are no signals in the area.
听下面一段对话，回答第2小题。现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读该小题。
2．What kind of article did the woman write
A．Biography. B．Poetry. C．Fiction.
听下面一段对话，回答第3小题。现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读该小题。
3．What are the speakers talking about
A．Going to the movies. B．Going to the zoo. C．Watching cartoons.
听下面一段对话，回答第4小题。现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读该小题。
4．What does the woman think of the requirement
A．Interesting. B．Exciting. C．Surprising.
听下面一段对话，回答第5小题。现在，你有5秒钟的时间阅读该小题。
5．Why didn’t the woman have breakfast
A．She is busy with her paper. B．She gets used to skipping it. C．She doesn’t think it’s important.
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7小题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两道小题。
6．What is Harold trying to do in the book
A．Cross the street. B．Go into space. C．Catch a bus.
7．What does the man like the most about the book
A．The main character. B．The theme. C．The author.
听下面一段对话，回答第8至第9小题。现在，你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两道小题。
8．Why didn’t the man buy any milk today
A．He forgot to buy it. B．The store ran out of milk. C．He read some negative words about milk.
9．What do we know about the woman
A．She seldom drinks milk. B．Her opinions always change. C．She doesn’t trust those experts.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12小题。现在，你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三道小题。
10．What’s the man’s plan before going to college
A．To read books about medicine. B．To go to work and earn some money. C．To travel around the country.
11．When did the woman feel she became independent
A．After she started her first job.
B．After she moved away from home.
C．After she suffered from a disease.
12．Where does the man want to work in the future
A．In a school. B．In a hospital. C．At a fire station.
听下面一段独白，回答第13至第15小题。现在，你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三道小题。
13．Why does Emma take part in the project
A．To gain work experience. B．To help old lonely people. C．To look after her grandmother.
14．What does the speaker like to do with old people
A．Play games. B．Read books. C．Arrange flowers.
15．What impressed the speaker most about Mitzi
A．Her organ donation agreement. B．Her decision to return to work. C．Her contribution to technology.
第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）
听下面一段独白，完成第16至第20小题，每空只需填写一个词，听独白前，你有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你有90秒钟的作答时间，本段独白你将听两遍。现在，你有20秒钟的时间阅读试题。
How to Maintain Lifelong Friendships
Set time aside Spend time with your friends togetherHave a regularly scheduled 16 or ritual, such as...
Be 17 Celebrate the small and big wins of your friends 18 a card or offer to take them for coffee or drinksNot make 19 promises
Be a man of integrity Share your 20 and be outspoken
第二部分 知识运用（共三节，44分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was in my home office on a cold Sunday when I heard a quick knock on the door. I 21 downstairs, threw open the door and saw my dad 22 something wrapped up in paper in his arms. Strangely, he had given no hint （暗示） of it when we spoke on the phone last night.
“Open it.” he said.
I opened it to find a yellow begonia （秋海棠）. It occurred to me that it was Mother’s Day.
“But...but I’m not a mother.” I said, 23 .
My dad smiled, “Well, some special people aren’t mothers, but I think they 24 to get flowers, too.” With that, he hugged me and drove off.
Later, I called to thank him and we got to talking a lot. That’s when he let me in on his little 25 . He had decided that he would challenge himself to do one act of 26 per day. It had started several weeks before when he accidentally knew a friend of his was having a rough day. He knew she loved ice cream, so he drove straight to her house with a huge tub of ice cream.
“She laughed 27 when she saw it,” he said, “It really delighted me to know that I had 28 her day.”
When asked why, he added, “I already know about the importance of being 29 in the moment. So, I try to be there with each person I am spending time with. I want them to feel important and believe in the goodness in people in that moment.”
I realized my dad was making a difference in people’s lives. 30 , I also want to be more like my dad, who goes out of his way to make people feel loved and cared for.
21．A．fell B．waited C．raced D．looked
22．A．shaking B．pulling C．holding D．collecting
23．A．annoyed B．confused C．worried D．disappointed
24．A．deserve B．decide C．promise D．pretend
25．A．celebration B．joke C．secret D．excuse
26．A．faith B．courage C．appreciation D．kindness
27．A．coldly B．excitedly C．proudly D．nervously
28．A．kept B．spent C．predicted D．brightened
29．A．present B．healthy C．patient D．humorous
30．A．Depressed B．Inspired C．Terrified D．Astonished
第二节 选词填空（共7小题；每小题2分，共14分）
阅读下面句子，根据句意，从方框中选择恰当的词或词组，并用其正确形式填空。
have an impact on boil down to leave outsignificant boost for instance be known as
31．Anne Sullivan was a superb teacher who ______ Hellen Keller.
32．Susan’s success in business ______ her determination and bravery.
33．They’re building new hotels in order to ______ tourism in this area.
34．John explained the case to his boss, being careful not to ______ any important details.
35．The discovery of the new drug is of great ______ to people suffering from heart disease.
36．We made many improvements to our house. ______, we painted the walls and bought a sofa.
37．In the third mass extinction, which ______ the “Great Dying” now, more than 90% of all species died out.
第三节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面句子，根据句子内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
38．What a nice day today! Do you feel like ______ (go) for a picnic （所给词的适当形式填空）
39．Sam ______ (write) the novel for three years and it was published last week. （所给词的适当形式填空）
40．Don’t phone me between 10:00 and 11:30 tomorrow morning. I ______ a meeting then. (have) （所给词的适当形式填空）
41．We ______ (wait) for him for over an hour when he finally turned up at the meeting. （所给词的适当形式填空）
42．The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______ (develop) after tireless efforts. （所给词的适当形式填空）
43．Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues ______ (amuse) with her stories. （所给词的适当形式填空）
44．______ worried me that my mother’s eyesight was declining. （用适当的词填空）
45．After the heavy rain, the ground got so wet, ______ caused a lot of road accidents. （用适当的词填空）
46．She brought her three friends to the party, none of ______ I had ever met before. （用适当词填空）
47．We need to take steps to save endangered species, including setting up special zones ______ plants and animals can be protected. （用适当的词填空）
第三部分 阅读理解（共两节，44分）
第一节（共17小题；每小题2分，共34分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Whether your dream is to write a best-selling novel, design an award-winning advertisement, or simply describe stories from your own life, the course “Creative Storytelling and Creative Writing” in European Winter School will be ideal for you. It takes place on campus in Prague, capital of the Czech Republic, from January 29 to February 9, 2024.
Who can apply
The course is available for both students and young professionals worldwide.
Requirements:
A minimum age of 18 (average age is 23).
Medium level of English (Basic 1/Basic 2) required
A personal laptop/tablet is needed for the majority of lessons.
What skills can you get
While this course focuses on the importance of a story, we will mainly pay attention to the writer (his/her imagination, vocabulary, narrative styles, critical thinking, and experience) —YOU.
You will master the art of storytelling (“Show Don’t Tell” techniques).
You will think imaginatively and creatively with an outside-the-box attitude.
You will write for the audience with an ability to make them see your point of view.
You will sell your idea, concept or product through a variety of narrative tools and methods, such as presentation, advertisement, blog, CV, essay and public speech.
You will improve your English vocabulary, composition and writing style.
What is the price
We work on a first-come, first-served basis. The cost of the two-week course is ?950, with an Early Bird fee of ?850. You can only use the Early Bird discount until January 22, 2024. The fee includes:
Course and study materials
Application fee
Weekly activities (except for entrance fees and weekend trips)
Please note: From January 26, 2024 there will be ?50 charged as a late application fee for all applications received after this deadline. Other expenses, such as meals, accommodation, and insurance are not included in the price.
Click here https:// for more information.
48．According to the passage, applicants should ______.
A．know some basic English B．be good at computers
C．come from European countries D．be aged between 18 and 23
49．After attending the course, applicants will be able to ______.
A．design narrative tools B．improve writing skills
C．develop computer skills D．apply “Tell Don’t Show” methods
50．If you apply for the course on January 28, 2024, how much should you pay
A．?850. B．?900. C．?950. D．?1,000.
B
My Day of No Plastic
Since its invention, plastic has affected every aspect of our lives. It has made possible thousands of conveniences, but it has come with downsides, especially for the environment. In a 24-hour experiment, I tried to live without it to see what plastic stuff we can’t do without and what we may be able to give up.
At the start of my no-plastic day, I made my way toward the bathroom, only to stop myself before I went in. “Could you open the door for me ” I asked my wife. “The handle is plastic.” She opened it for me, letting out a “this is going to be a long day” sigh （叹气）.
My morning routine was a headache. I couldn’t use my toothpaste, toothbrush, shampoo or soap, all of which were made of plastic or put in plastic containers. Getting dressed was also a challenge, given that so many clothing items include plastic.
When I went out, I brought along two glass containers and cloth bags of various sizes. I walked to a sandwich shop. “Can you make the salad in this glass container ” I asked. The manager said OK but then rejected my request to use my steel spoon.
After lunch, I took the subway to Central Park, which scored me more violations （违规）, since I need a MetroCard and the trains themselves have plastic parts. But at least I didn’t sit in one of those plastic seats.
Back home, I recorded some of my impressions. By my count, on my day of no plastic, I had made 164 violations. I felt defeated. And also uncertain. The next day I called Gabby Salazar, a scientist who studies what motivates people to support environmental causes, and asked her for advice.
“You can drive yourself crazy,” she said, “but it’s not about perfection. It’s about progress.” Believe it or not, individual behavior matters. It adds up. “Remember,” she continued, “it’s not about plastic being the enemy. It’s about single-use as the enemy.”
I promised to try, even after my not successful attempt. I’ll start with small things, building up habits. I can take cloth bags to the grocery. I might start packing my glass water bottle and steel spoon. And from there, who knows
51．The author conducted the 24-hour experiment because ______.
A．he was tired of using plastic stuff in his daily life
B．he tried to call upon people to ban plastic products
C．he wondered how much plastic he consumed each day
D．he wanted to figure out how to use plastic stuff wisely
52．Why did the author’s wife sigh
A．Continue the plastic-free experiment. B．Give up the attempt at using less plastic.
C．Reduce plastic use through small actions. D．Encourage people to be environmentalists.
C
“Find your passion!” is an appeal well-intended and meant to inspire. But is it good advice
“Finding” a passion implies that it already exists and is simply waiting to be discovered. Unfortunately, this idea doesn’t square with what science tells us. Instead, passions are developed. They often begin with a spark （火花） of curiosity caused by something in one’s environment, such as a fascinating physics lecture. Through a process involving repeated engagement and-positive experiences, people can come to personally value that content or activity and internalize it. What was at first interesting becomes an interest. If these qualities continue to intensify, a passion can emerge.
Actually, assuming passion as inborn tend to cause people to be less open, less courageous in the face of challenges and less creative in pursuit of new interests. Thus, encouraging people to “find” their passion may cause them to eventually believe that interests and passions are unchangeable. People who think this have a fixed mindset of interest. By contrast, some people, whom we refer to as having a growth mindset of interest, view their interests and passions as developed.
People with a fixed mindset of interest, for example, may fall into the trap of thinking, “If I have already found my passion, why keep exploring ” In recent studies, after engaging in a new science task, arts students with a fixed mindset expressed less interest in a scientific topic than arts students with a growth mindset. Meanwhile, science students with a fixed mindset responded similarly to an art-related task. For those with a growth mindset, having a strong pre-existing interest in the arts or sciences did not get in the way of them viewing a new area as interesting.
Worse still, people with a fixed mindset of interest tend to expect their passions to provide limitless motivation, such that their favorite topics should never feel too difficult or demanding. Such a mindset can also limit creativity and innovation. If people believe they are restricted to only a few inborn interests and, in consequence, do not explore other areas, they may miss seeing important connections across different fields. That loss is especially unfortunate considering how leaders at innovative companies have long prized problem-solving that draw ideas from diverse disciplines.
Of course, not every activity will become a burning passion. But a growth mindset of interest will help you remain open and curious. The old saying “find something you love to do, and you’ll never have to work a day in your life” needs to be updated.
55．The author uses the sentence underlined in Paragraph 1 to ______.
A．set a target for criticism B．point out the fact C．confirm people’s finding D．voice his opinion
56．What can we learn from the passage
A．Any interesting activity can spark a passion.
B．Companies prefer those who specialize in one field.
C．People with a fixed mindset of interest are hard to be motivated.
D．A growth mindset of interest promotes creativity and innovation.
57．Which will the author probably agree with
A．One should count on luck to excite a burning passion.
B．Reinforced positive experiences contribute to passion.
C．Those already interested in a field find new areas boring.
D．We’d better cherish the existing passion and look for more.
D
If the great dinosaurs hadn’t gone extinct, would they have dominated Earth today There has been a debate about this possibility for decades. Recently two analyses have put the surprising cognitive （认知） abilities of dinosaurs — and their potential limitations — in a new light.
In one study, Suzana Herculano-Houzel at Vanderbilt University calculated the likely number of neurons （神经细胞） in dinosaurs’ pallium, a brain structure that is responsible for advanced cognitive functions. Research suggests that it is the number of neurons in these areas, rather than the brain size, that indicates an animal’s cognitive potential. For example, despite having a very small head, birds have more densely packed brain cells than many mammals （哺乳动物） and so can possess roughly as many neurons as monkeys. The result is that some birds show great cognitive abilities, comparable to the smartest non-human mammals. And it is precisely birds, being the only surviving lineage （宗系） of dinosaurs, that are Herculano-Houzel’s foundation. By comparing the relationship between brain size, number of neurons and body size in numerous existing birds and available fossils of dinosaurs, Herculano-Houzel concludes that a large dinosaur such as T. rex could have housed two billion to three billion neurons in its pallium. If so, dinosaurs could have had the capacity for tool use and planning for the future.
But neurons’ number may not be enough. For intelligence, brain architecture also matters. And this could be the weakness of dinosaurs, argues Anton Reiner from the University of Tennessee. Over 350 million years of separate evolution, mammals and dinosaurs found two rather different ways to organize cognitive functions. The mammalian neurons are organized in a relatively thin layer formed by compact columns. In each column, different parts can communicate with one another over short distances. In contrast, in the dinosaurs that survive today, namely birds, the organization is less compact. According to Reiner, expanding brain capabilities beyond a certain point could make the structure far more complex and less efficient than it is in humans. If this were the case, an increase in brain size would correspond to a greater distance between different parts of the brain, slowing down their communication.
The issue remains open to debate. Herculano-Houzel and Reiner each published a paper with rejections to the other’s argument. Meanwhile, other scientists have entered the fight. For example, neurobiologist Giorgio Vallortigara assumes that speed in transmitting information between networks of neurons is probably one of dinosaurs’ strengths.
Whatever the truth is, understanding how and if brain architecture imposes limits on the development of cognition could reveal much about the evolution of abilities and behaviors of various animals. Also, this debate may tell us more about our own species than about dinosaurs.
58．Why do Herculano-Houzel and Reiner study birds
A．Because birds are more intelligent than dinosaurs.
B．Because birds’ brain structures are the same as dinosaurs’.
C．Because birds are the only survivors of the dinosaur family.
D．Because birds have the same cognitive/abilities as dinosaurs.
59．What does the word “compact” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean
A．Tight. B．Light. C．Large. D．Wide.
60．What can be inferred from the passage
A．Dinosaurs’ ability for tool use owes to bigger brains.
B．The number of neurons has little to do with brain architecture.
C．Greater inter-brain distance causes higher cognitive efficiency.
D．The factors behind dinosaur intelligence remain to be identified.
61．Which would be the best title for the passage
A．Are Dinosaurs Comparable to Humans in Intelligence
B．Are Dinosaurs with Bigger Brains the Ultimate Geniuses
C．How Smart Were Dinosaurs New Studies Fuel the Debate
D．Can Dinosaurs Outsmart Birds Researches Cast a New Light
E
As higher education leaders dive deeper into the conversation on Digital Transformation and Education 4.0, they are also learning how to incorporate the Digital Twins realm concept into their curricula, because Digital Twin technology can serve the university of the future.
A Digital Twin is a virtual representation of a real object or system which is updated from real-time data and uses machine learning, simulation （模拟）, and reasoning to help decision-making. In other words, a Digital Twin can create a highly complex virtual model which is the exact replica of a physical thing. Connected sensors on a smart campus can collect data in real time. This data is used to create a map onto the virtual model, thus creating a Digital Twin of a campus. When school administrators look at the Digital Twin, they can see crucial information about how the real campus is doing.
The applications for Digital Twin technology do not stop there. Students and faculty can benefit from using the technology as well. For example, hybrid classrooms have become more and more common nowadays. Digital technologies have accelerated the transition into the university of the future. Digital Twin technology, one of the trending technologies related to Industry 4.0, helps faculty create simulation models based on course requirements.
Digital Twin technology makes the ultimate immersive learning experience possible. By using a Digital Twin, students can learn highly engaging tasks which can be too dangerous, complex, or expensive for the classroom. Rather than hands-on laboratory dissection of a physical frog to learn animal science or having to wait for available human organs in the health science lah, medical students can use the virtual twin of an animal or human organs for their study.
The complexity of chemistry or microbiology requires students to be totally engaged. By using Digital Twins in a Virtual Reality simulated learning experience, faculty can achieve a maximum level of engagement helping each student learn abstract concepts in their own unique way and much faster. By running simulations, students can better explore system behavior under different conditions, understand failure and develop an understanding of system sensibilities as well as how changes in the system parameters （参数） and external disruptions make an impact on the results.
Some universities, such as Stanford and Copenhagen School of Marine Engineering, have incorporated Digital Twin technology into their teaching curricula, applying it to disciplines like architecture and engineering as they believe they are the reality of the industry. Overall, this enhances student motivation, accelerates understanding, and improves the overall learning experience. Moreover, the industry encourages universities to incorporate educational Digital Twins in automation to give students the initial understanding of tools and skills they will need in their future.
62．It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that Digital Twins ______.
A．remain a concept B．are virtual copies of real objects
C．represent future education D．can operate campuses remotely
63．Which of the following statements might the author agree with
A．Education 4.0 facilitates the development of Digital Twins.
B．New technology poses potential threats to college teachers.
C．Digital Twin technology in higher education is on the horizon.
D．Virtual classrooms have grown in popularity under Industry 4.0.
64．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage
A． B．
C． D．
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For many American high school seniors and their families, May 1 is “National College Decision Day,” when students make a decision about their academic future. 65 According to a recent survey, more than half of Americans don’t even think college is worth the cost. This is upsetting, as completing college is as important as ever.
66 Even in today’s competitive labor market, college graduates find work much easier and tend to command significantly higher incomes. The unemployment rate for those with a bachelor’s degree or greater is currently half that of those with a high school degree. This college income advantage is due to technological advances like the personal computer and the Internet, which have caused a huge demand for skilled workers. The rapid advances today in automation and artificial intelligence will further increase the need for a highly skilled workforce. 67
It is understandable why many students and families suspect that college is no longer “worth it.” College tuition has been rising for years, and many students fear being burdened with loans after graduation. But in fact, the net price of a four-year college, which is what students pay after financial aid, has been falling since 2018 and is now lower than it was in 2006. 68 In other words, the investment paid off.
To make smart decisions about where to go and what to study, students and parents can make use of resources available today to make informed choices. 69 With these resources, students can gain a reasonable picture of what their future holds down each potential path.
A．To acquire these advanced skills, college remains the surest path.
B．However, recent years have seen a sharp drop in college registration.
C．These attitudes are also reflected in the actions of the youngest generation.
D．Higher education must make college pricing clear to would-be college-goers.
E．Huge data shows a college degree actually gives graduates economic advantages.
F．Furthermore, students in debt were more likely to finish their degrees and earn more later.
G．For example, tools like College Scorecard offer graduation rates and future earnings across schools.
注意：A，B，C，D选项正常涂卡。E涂AB F涂AC G涂AD
第四部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第70、71题各2分，第72题3分，第73题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Group-Chat Culture Is Out of Control
For better or worse, we might be in the Age of the Group Chat. In a recent survey, most people said they felt stressed out by group messages, which can feel like a part-time job.
Connection is wonderful. Grexts, short for group texts, have the feature of imitating the casual back-and-forth of a dialogue, and the result can be more dynamic and fun than a two-person thread. Having a chat going also means you have a space to share your updates throughout the day, a reminder that you’re part of something.
Some researchers call this “ambient （周围的） virtual presence”: Even when you’re alone, you’re not alone. One researcher compares this phenomenon to echolocation （回声定位）, the process that some animals, such as bats and dolphins, use to locate objects: They produce a continuous sound and use the resulting echo to sense their surroundings. Humans might use technologies such as group chats in a similar way—as a call-and-response, taking in information about their social networks and locating themselves within those webs.
But taking in too many signals can be overwhelming. Professor Bayer argued that group chats can create a “waterfall type of effect”, where messages keep flooding in and adding up. Eventually, you’re underwater. Another researcher suggested that different chat members all bring their own personalities, communication styles, and expectations for group norms. Without a standard etiquette （礼仪）, people have varied opinions about what degree of responsiveness is required—which can cause real tension.
Grext anxiety is hard to resolve because it isn’t just about the group-chat or even mobile technology in general; it’s about the tension between being our own person and being responsible to others. Ultimately, most of us do want connection, even if it involves some duties.
70．What is the feature of Grexts
71．How might humans use group chats like echolocation
72．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Without a standard etiquette, people have different ideas about what messages should be answered.
73．Please describe how another mobile technology affects your relationship with others. (In about 40 words)
第二节（20分）
74．假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你校将于下周举办校园书市活动，你打算邀请英国交换生Jim参加，请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1．活动目的；
2．活动安排。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：书市book fair
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua