人教版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 2 Morals and Virtues现在分词作状语和宾语补足语学案（含答案）
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2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末专项复习(人教版版2019)
专题13 必修三 Unit 2 现在分词作状语和宾语补足语
Part I 现在分词作状语
一、现在分词作状语的分类
词的现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随等。
1. 时间状语
动词的现在分词作时间状语, 相当于一个时间状语从句, 所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生, 有时可由连词when, while, after引出, 可以与时间状语从句转化。
1) Hearing the result(＝When I heard the result), I couldn’t help jumping. 听到这个结果, 我不禁跳了起来。
2) Having made full preparations(＝After we have made full preparations), we are ready for the examination.
做了充分的准备之后, 我们准备参加考试。
2. 原因状语
可以与as / since / because等引导的原因状语从句转换。
1) Being so excited(＝As he was so excited), he couldn’t go to sleep that night. 由于非常激动, 那晚他无法入睡。
2) Having lived in the city for many years(＝Since I had lived in the city for many years), I knew it well.
因为在这个城市住了许多年, 所以我对它很了解。
3. 条件状语
可以与if / unless等引导的条件状语从句转换。
1) Working hard at your lessons(＝If you work hard at your lessons), you will succeed. 如果你努力学习, 就会成功。
2) Not making good use of the time(＝If you don’t make good use of the time), you’ll regret. 如果不好好利用时间, 你会后悔的。
4. 结果状语
表示必然的结果, 它常常位于句末, 可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句, 有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money(＝and left him a lot of money/which left him a lot of money). 他父亲去世了, 留给他许多钱。
5. 让步状语
可以与although/though引导的让步状语从句转换。
1) Knowing all this(＝Although they knew all this), they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况, 他们还是要我赔偿损失。
2) Having made up my mind(＝Though I had made up my mind), I still wanted to play. 尽管我已下定决心, 我仍然想玩。
6. 方式或伴随状语
不可以转换成从句, 但可以转换成并列句。
1) The girls came into the classroom, singing and dancing(＝and they sang and danced). 女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。
2) He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time(＝and stared at the sky for a long time). 他躺在草地上, 长时间地望着天空。
二、现在分词作状语的注意事项
1. 现在分词的时态
现在分词作状语时, 要注意分词的时间性, 是用现在分词的一般式(doing)还是用完成式(having done)。
1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时, 用分词的一般式。
Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine. 我正走在大街上, 遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
2)当现在分词的动作先发生, 而谓语动词的动作后发生时, 用分词的完成式。
Having finished the letter, he went to post it. 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的, went to post是后发生的)
2. 现在分词的语态
使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式, 主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。
1) Having finished his homework, he went to bed. (现在分词的主动式) 完成了作业后, 他就上床睡觉了。
2) Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy. (现在分词的被动式) 被领着参观了工厂后, 他们很高兴。
3. 现在分词的否定式：not＋v.-ing；not having＋v.-ed
1) Not knowing this, he didn’t come. 他不知道这件事, 所以没来。
2) Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备, 我们把运动会延期了。
4. 逻辑主语
动词-ing形式作状语, 其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语, 它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。
Being ill, he didn’t attend the wedding. 因为生病, 他没有出席婚礼。(he与being ill是逻辑上的主谓关系→He was ill.)
5. 独立结构
有时现在分词有自己的逻辑主语, 这时其逻辑主语相对于句子的主语来说是独立的, 因此又叫独立主格结构, 其构成形式是“名词/代词＋v.-ing”。
1) She being ill, her mother had to look after her at home. 她生病了, 母亲不得不在家照顾她。
2) The meeting being over, we went to play football. 会议一结束, 我们就去踢足球了。
6. 独立成分作状语
有些动词-ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在, 其形式的选择不受上下文的影响, 表明说话者的态度、观点等, 被称为评论性状语。常见的有：
generally speaking一般说来
strictly speaking严格说来
judging from / by根据……来判断
considering... / taking...into consideration考虑到
supposing假设；如果
providing如果
assuming假使
Generally speaking, as a foreign language, Chinese is more difficult to learn than English. 一般说来, 作为一门外语, 汉语要比英语更难学。
7. 连词＋现在分词
由when / while / after / before / once / if / though / unless / as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时, 如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态, 则可以省略从句的主语, 而保留原连词, 形成“连词＋现在分词”的结构形式。
Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university.
＝Though they lacked money, his parents managed to send him to university. 尽管他父母缺钱, 但是他们还是设法把他送去上大学了。
Part II现在分词作宾语补足语
英语中常见的只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补：
1) 感官动词：see，hear，watch，feel，notice，observe，keep，find，listen to，look at；
2) 使役动词：have，get，catch，leave，set。
值得注意的是：要想用现在分词来作宾补，只能是用于这些词后，但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）。
e.g. I saw him singing now.
Don’t have the students studying all day.
注意：宾语与作宾补充的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。
即学即练
I 单句语法填空
1. We were invited to attend private concert under the stars, ____________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals
2. China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries __________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.
3. China is starting research into5G, __________ (make) it one of the first countries to do so.
4. When have to memorize things for school, I walk up and down in the room, ___________ (read) the notes aloud.
5. She sat at the table ___________(enjoy) the meal.
6. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment _________ (allow)more patients to be treated.
7. Lionel Messi, _________ (set) the record for the most goals in a year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.
8. He suddenly woke up at midnight when he heard someone __________ (knock) at his door.
9. When he was16, Molai began to notice something disturbing __________ (happen)around his home.
10. I always read, _________ (use) different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!
II 完成句子
1. 数学老师给我们进一步解释了一下,使它解决起来更容易。
Our math teacher gave us a further explanation, _____________________
2. 随着时间的流逝,人们的环保意识提高了。
_____________________, people’s awareness of environmental protection is raised
3. 坦率地说,世界上的资源是很有限的。
_____________________, the resources in the world are very limited.
4. 以前从未去过那里,我对那个地方一无所知。
_____________________, I simply have no idea about the place.
5. 得知你对中国历史感兴趣,我感到很骄傲。
______________________, I feel proud.
III 语法填空
A 90-year- -old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ___1_____(be )Britain’s oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 2 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 3 (final) been acknowledged after customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. 4 (pick) up her “Lifetime Achievement award, proud Irene declared she had no plans 5 (retire)from her 36-year-old business. Irene said,” I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6 ( make)over the years. I work not because I have to, 7 because I want to Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don’t have any idea who put Grandma forward. When we got a call 8 (say)she was short-listed, we thought it was 9 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s 10. (wonder).”
即学即练参考答案
Part I 单句语法填空
listening句意:我们被邀请参加星空下的私人音乐会,听音乐家演奏并见见有趣的当地人 listening与句子主语构成主动关系,与 meeting并列,在句中作伴随状语。
recognizing句意:随着更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用,中国的形象正日益提升。 recognizing在with复合结构中作宾补,与逻辑主语 more countries构成主动关系
making句意:中国在着手5G研究,这使中国成为最早开始5G研究的国 making家之一。在句中作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。
4reading句意:当我必须记忆学习内容的时候,我在屋里来回踱步,大声读着笔记。 reading作伴随状语,表示与踱步同步进行。
enjoying句意:她坐在桌子旁享受着美食。动词-ing形式作sat的伴随状语。
allowing句意:这家医院最近得到了新的医疗设备,使更多的病人得到治疗。 allowing在句中作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。
7. having set句意:利昂内尔·梅西创下年度进球最多的纪录,被认为是欧洲最有天赋的足球运动员。该句中谓语动词为 is considered,空缺处为非谓语动词,且set与主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系并表示一个完成的动作,所以用了动词-ing形式的完成式。
8. knocking句意:他听到有人敲门后在午夜突然醒了 knocking为 heard后 someone的宾补且表示动作在进行。
9. happening句意: Molai在他16岁的时候开始注意到他家附近发生着一些令人不安的事情。考查现在分词作宾补。设空处为宾补并与宾语 something构成主动关系且表示正在进行,所以用动词-ing形式。
10. using句意:我总是用不同的声音来阅读,就好像我在用自己的声音表演故事。他们很喜欢!此处在句中作方式状语并与主语构成主动关系,所以用动词-ing形式。
Part II 完成句子
making it easier to work out
With time going by/As time goes by
Frankly speaking
Not having been there before
Knowing you are interested in Chinese history
Part III单项选择
1. being考查非谓语动词。设空处作前面介词for的宾语,故填 being
2. which考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 the pet shop,且在定语从句中作宾语,指“事物”,故填 which。
3. finally考查副词。设空处修饰动词,需要用所给词的副词形式。故填 finally
4. Picking考查非谓语动词。设空处作状语,与句子主语为主动关系,故填 Picking
5. to retire考查非谓语动词。设空处作前面名词 plans的定语,应用不定式。故填 to retire
6. have made考查时态。根据后面的时间状语 over the years可知,设空处应该用现在完成时,故填 have made。
7. but考查连词。设空处与前面的not构成not....but.....(不是…而是…)结构。故填but
8. saying考查非谓语动词。设空处作 call的后置定语。名词call与动词say之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故填现在分词 saying
9. a考查冠词。joke为可数名词,意为“玩笑”,在此处表示泛指,故填a
10. wonderful考查形容词作表语。设空处作表语,表示It的特征,故填 wonderful
专题13 必修三 Unit 2 现在分词作状语和宾语补足语
Part I 现在分词作状语
一、现在分词作状语的分类
词的现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随等。
1. 时间状语
动词的现在分词作时间状语, 相当于一个时间状语从句, 所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生, 有时可由连词when, while, after引出, 可以与时间状语从句转化。
1) Hearing the result(＝When I heard the result), I couldn’t help jumping. 听到这个结果, 我不禁跳了起来。
2) Having made full preparations(＝After we have made full preparations), we are ready for the examination.
做了充分的准备之后, 我们准备参加考试。
2. 原因状语
可以与as / since / because等引导的原因状语从句转换。
1) Being so excited(＝As he was so excited), he couldn’t go to sleep that night. 由于非常激动, 那晚他无法入睡。
2) Having lived in the city for many years(＝Since I had lived in the city for many years), I knew it well.
因为在这个城市住了许多年, 所以我对它很了解。
3. 条件状语
可以与if / unless等引导的条件状语从句转换。
1) Working hard at your lessons(＝If you work hard at your lessons), you will succeed. 如果你努力学习, 就会成功。
2) Not making good use of the time(＝If you don’t make good use of the time), you’ll regret. 如果不好好利用时间, 你会后悔的。
4. 结果状语
表示必然的结果, 它常常位于句末, 可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句, 有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句。
His father died, leaving him a lot of money(＝and left him a lot of money/which left him a lot of money). 他父亲去世了, 留给他许多钱。
5. 让步状语
可以与although/though引导的让步状语从句转换。
1) Knowing all this(＝Although they knew all this), they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况, 他们还是要我赔偿损失。
2) Having made up my mind(＝Though I had made up my mind), I still wanted to play. 尽管我已下定决心, 我仍然想玩。
6. 方式或伴随状语
不可以转换成从句, 但可以转换成并列句。
1) The girls came into the classroom, singing and dancing(＝and they sang and danced). 女孩子们唱着跳着进了教室。
2) He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time(＝and stared at the sky for a long time). 他躺在草地上, 长时间地望着天空。
二、现在分词作状语的注意事项
1. 现在分词的时态
现在分词作状语时, 要注意分词的时间性, 是用现在分词的一般式(doing)还是用完成式(having done)。
1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时, 用分词的一般式。
Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine. 我正走在大街上, 遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)
2)当现在分词的动作先发生, 而谓语动词的动作后发生时, 用分词的完成式。
Having finished the letter, he went to post it. 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的, went to post是后发生的)
2. 现在分词的语态
使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式, 主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。
1) Having finished his homework, he went to bed. (现在分词的主动式) 完成了作业后, 他就上床睡觉了。
2) Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy. (现在分词的被动式) 被领着参观了工厂后, 他们很高兴。
3. 现在分词的否定式：not＋v.-ing；not having＋v.-ed
1) Not knowing this, he didn’t come. 他不知道这件事, 所以没来。
2) Not having made full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备, 我们把运动会延期了。
4. 逻辑主语
动词-ing形式作状语, 其逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语, 它们之间是一种逻辑上的主谓关系。
Being ill, he didn’t attend the wedding. 因为生病, 他没有出席婚礼。(he与being ill是逻辑上的主谓关系→He was ill.)
5. 独立结构
有时现在分词有自己的逻辑主语, 这时其逻辑主语相对于句子的主语来说是独立的, 因此又叫独立主格结构, 其构成形式是“名词/代词＋v.-ing”。
1) She being ill, her mother had to look after her at home. 她生病了, 母亲不得不在家照顾她。
2) The meeting being over, we went to play football. 会议一结束, 我们就去踢足球了。
6. 独立成分作状语
有些动词-ing形式作状语在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在, 其形式的选择不受上下文的影响, 表明说话者的态度、观点等, 被称为评论性状语。常见的有：
generally speaking一般说来
strictly speaking严格说来
judging from / by根据……来判断
considering... / taking...into consideration考虑到
supposing假设；如果
providing如果
assuming假使
Generally speaking, as a foreign language, Chinese is more difficult to learn than English. 一般说来, 作为一门外语, 汉语要比英语更难学。
7. 连词＋现在分词
由when / while / after / before / once / if / though / unless / as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时, 如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态, 则可以省略从句的主语, 而保留原连词, 形成“连词＋现在分词”的结构形式。
Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university.
＝Though they lacked money, his parents managed to send him to university. 尽管他父母缺钱, 但是他们还是设法把他送去上大学了。
Part II现在分词作宾语补足语
英语中常见的只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补：
1) 感官动词：see，hear，watch，feel，notice，observe，keep，find，listen to，look at；
2) 使役动词：have，get，catch，leave，set。
值得注意的是：要想用现在分词来作宾补，只能是用于这些词后，但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补）。
e.g. I saw him singing now.
Don’t have the students studying all day.
注意：宾语与作宾补充的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。
即学即练
I 单句语法填空
1. We were invited to attend private concert under the stars, ____________ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals
2. China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries __________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.
3. China is starting research into5G, __________ (make) it one of the first countries to do so.
4. When have to memorize things for school, I walk up and down in the room, ___________ (read) the notes aloud.
5. She sat at the table ___________(enjoy) the meal.
6. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment _________ (allow)more patients to be treated.
7. Lionel Messi, _________ (set) the record for the most goals in a year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.
8. He suddenly woke up at midnight when he heard someone __________ (knock) at his door.
9. When he was16, Molai began to notice something disturbing __________ (happen)around his home.
10. I always read, _________ (use) different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!
II 完成句子
1. 数学老师给我们进一步解释了一下,使它解决起来更容易。
Our math teacher gave us a further explanation, _____________________
2. 随着时间的流逝,人们的环保意识提高了。
_____________________, people’s awareness of environmental protection is raised
3. 坦率地说,世界上的资源是很有限的。
_____________________, the resources in the world are very limited.
4. 以前从未去过那里,我对那个地方一无所知。
_____________________, I simply have no idea about the place.
5. 得知你对中国历史感兴趣,我感到很骄傲。
______________________, I feel proud.
III 语法填空
A 90-year- -old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ___1_____(be )Britain’s oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, 2 she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have 3 (final) been acknowledged after customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. 4 (pick) up her “Lifetime Achievement award, proud Irene declared she had no plans 5 (retire)from her 36-year-old business. Irene said,” I don’t see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 6 ( make)over the years. I work not because I have to, 7 because I want to Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don’t have any idea who put Grandma forward. When we got a call 8 (say)she was short-listed, we thought it was 9 joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s 10. (wonder).”
即学即练参考答案
Part I 单句语法填空
listening句意:我们被邀请参加星空下的私人音乐会,听音乐家演奏并见见有趣的当地人 listening与句子主语构成主动关系,与 meeting并列,在句中作伴随状语。
recognizing句意:随着更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用,中国的形象正日益提升。 recognizing在with复合结构中作宾补,与逻辑主语 more countries构成主动关系
making句意:中国在着手5G研究,这使中国成为最早开始5G研究的国 making家之一。在句中作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。
4reading句意:当我必须记忆学习内容的时候,我在屋里来回踱步,大声读着笔记。 reading作伴随状语,表示与踱步同步进行。
enjoying句意:她坐在桌子旁享受着美食。动词-ing形式作sat的伴随状语。
allowing句意:这家医院最近得到了新的医疗设备,使更多的病人得到治疗。 allowing在句中作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。
7. having set句意:利昂内尔·梅西创下年度进球最多的纪录,被认为是欧洲最有天赋的足球运动员。该句中谓语动词为 is considered,空缺处为非谓语动词,且set与主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系并表示一个完成的动作,所以用了动词-ing形式的完成式。
8. knocking句意:他听到有人敲门后在午夜突然醒了 knocking为 heard后 someone的宾补且表示动作在进行。
9. happening句意: Molai在他16岁的时候开始注意到他家附近发生着一些令人不安的事情。考查现在分词作宾补。设空处为宾补并与宾语 something构成主动关系且表示正在进行,所以用动词-ing形式。
10. using句意:我总是用不同的声音来阅读,就好像我在用自己的声音表演故事。他们很喜欢!此处在句中作方式状语并与主语构成主动关系,所以用动词-ing形式。
Part II 完成句子
making it easier to work out
With time going by/As time goes by
Frankly speaking
Not having been there before
Knowing you are interested in Chinese history
Part III单项选择
1. being考查非谓语动词。设空处作前面介词for的宾语,故填 being
2. which考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构可知设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 the pet shop,且在定语从句中作宾语,指“事物”,故填 which。
3. finally考查副词。设空处修饰动词,需要用所给词的副词形式。故填 finally
4. Picking考查非谓语动词。设空处作状语,与句子主语为主动关系,故填 Picking
5. to retire考查非谓语动词。设空处作前面名词 plans的定语,应用不定式。故填 to retire
6. have made考查时态。根据后面的时间状语 over the years可知,设空处应该用现在完成时,故填 have made。
7. but考查连词。设空处与前面的not构成not....but.....(不是…而是…)结构。故填but
8. saying考查非谓语动词。设空处作 call的后置定语。名词call与动词say之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故填现在分词 saying
9. a考查冠词。joke为可数名词,意为“玩笑”,在此处表示泛指,故填a
10. wonderful考查形容词作表语。设空处作表语,表示It的特征,故填 wonderful