河南省2024年英语中考热点备考重难专题：一材多题型精讲（完形填空、语篇填空第一节、作文）课件(共46张PPT)

(共46张PPT)
河南 英语
一材多题型精讲
2024中考备考重难专题课件
课件思路简介
一、设计初衷：《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》提到“充分认识语篇在传递文化意涵，引领价值取向，促进思维发展，服务语言学习、意义理解与表达等方面的重要作用。” 基于此，特优选高质量语篇，改编成不同题型，使老师在讲解不同的阅读任务时，帮助学生多层次、多角度地理解语篇，进而提高学生的阅读理解能力。
二、思路亮点：
1. 采用精讲一材多题型的整体思路，即：把同一个语篇素材改编成3个不同的题型，以便多维度提升学生的阅读理解能力及写作水平；
2. 结合2022全国创新考法，以“问题链”的形式研读语篇，方便老师精准透彻地讲解语篇；
3. 站在学生的角度，动态可视化解题思路，培养学生的解题思维。
三、适用场景：日常题型讲解或题型专项集训
一材多题型精讲
语篇研读
语篇填空第一节
1
完形填空
2
3
作文缩写
4
01 完形填空
解题步骤
第一遍：速读全文，获取信息
主题
文体
人物
背景
内容
①Rex's family lived on a farm. He grew up with some 1 there, such as sheep, chickens, pigs and so on. He often played with them, fed them and sometimes 2 the meat of them.
② 3 Rex was six years old, he entered a primary school in the town. The school was six kilometers away from his home, so Rex 4 go home for lunch. The lunch provided by the school had little meat, so Rex really wanted to eat meat.
抓关键信息：首尾句
③One evening, Rex told his mother to prepare a box with the 5 inside for the next day. His mother replied with yes and required that he should go to sleep 6 ．
④The next morning, Rex's mother drove him to school in 7 car. At the school gate, she gave the box to Rex and told him not to play with it in front of the school 8 . Rex was shocked at what his mother said but he said nothing.
抓关键信息：首尾句
⑤Then when the lunch time arrived, Rex 9 the box to the school restaurant. After he got the food, he wanted to add the chicken. Rex was trying to open the box when he heard a 10 sound inside the box.
⑥When Rex completely opened the box, he saw a chicken 11 like a kite out of it. It jumped on him and started making the sound of a chicken. Rex was so 12 that he couldn't say a word at that time.
抓关键信息：首尾句
⑦All the other kids found the chicken. They gathered around him and 13 the pet. All appreciated(欣赏) how cute the pet chicken looked and it could make such a beautiful sound. They were all laughing in a 14 way.
⑧Then Rex 15 that he asked his mother to prepare chicken to eat but his mother thought he wanted to play with his chicken pet at school. After that, Rex never asked his mother to put chicken in the lunch box.
抓关键信息：首尾句
主题
文体
人物
背景
内容
记叙文
人与社会
Rex,
Rex’s
mom,
schoolkids
Rex had little meat at school.
Rex
asked
his
mom
to
prepare
chicken.
①Rex's family lived on a farm. He grew up with some 1 there, such as sheep, chickens, pigs and so on. He often played with them, fed them and sometimes 2 the meat of them.
1. A. plants B. animals C. persons D. cousins
2. A. ate B. cooked C. bought D. smelt
第二遍：细读文章，掌握文意+盲填+看选项（不会的跳过；不确定的，标记纠结项）
第三遍：再读文章，加深理解+补齐答案
指动物
语境推断
无法确定答案，跳过看下文
？
①...He often played with them, fed them and sometimes 2 the meat of them.
② 3 Rex was six years old, he entered a primary school in the town. The school was six kilometers away from his home, so Rex 4 go home for lunch. The lunch provided by the school had little meat, so Rex really wanted to eat meat.
2. A. ate B. cooked C. bought D. smelt
3. A. Before B. Although C. Unless D. When
4. A. mustn't B. needn't C. couldn't D. shouldn't
主从句成分完整
比较选项含义
在……之前
尽管
除非
当……
逻辑推理
学校离家远，
所以不能回家吃饭。
禁止
不必
不能
不该
语境推断
照应上文 2 the meat of them,
他有时也会吃它们的肉。
词汇复现
语义逻辑无变化
③One evening, Rex told his mother to prepare a box with the 5 inside for the next day. His mother replied with yes and required that he should go to sleep 6 ．
5. A. soup B. fish C. rice D. chicken
6. A. slowly B. early C. quietly D. exactly
无法确定答案，跳过看下文
？
母亲答应他的要求，并要求他睡觉
慢慢地
早地
安静地
精确地
比较选项，早睡更符合常理
生活常识
④The next morning, Rex's mother drove him to school in 7 car. At the school gate, she gave the box to Rex and told him not to play with it in front of the school 8 . Rex was shocked at what his mother said but he said nothing.
7. A. her B. his C. my D. your
8. A. cleaners B. desks C. kids D. halls
车是Rex妈妈的
她的
他的
我的
你的
语境推断
保洁员
桌子
孩子
走廊
无法确定答案，跳过看下文
？
⑤Then when the lunch time arrived, Rex 9 the box to the school restaurant. After he got the food, he wanted to add the chicken. Rex was trying to open the box when he heard a 10 sound inside the box.
9. A. gave B. sold C. handed D. took
10. A. funny B. sweet C. strange D. clear
指把盒子拿到餐厅
给
卖
递
拿
比较选项
语境推断
无法确定答案，跳过看下文
？
⑤ ...Rex was trying to open the box when he heard a 10 sound inside the box.
⑥When Rex completely opened the box, he saw a chicken 11 like a kite out of it. It jumped on him and started making the sound of a chicken. Rex was so 12 that he couldn't say a word at that time.
10. A. funny B. sweet C. strange D. clear
11. A. flying B. jumping C. walking D. running
12. A. tired B. surprised C. bored D. relaxed
小鸡像风筝一样
飞
跳
走
跑
语境推断
有趣的
甜美的
奇怪的
清楚的
语境推断
Rex惊讶到说不出话
语境推断
打开前不知道是小鸡
小鸡发出声响
⑦All the other kids found the chicken. They gathered around him and 13 the pet. All appreciated(欣赏) how cute the pet chicken looked and it could make such a beautiful sound. They were all laughing in a 14 way.
13. A. agreed with B. dealt with C. played with D. helped with
14. A. patient B. kind C. wonderful D. humorous
围起来欣赏小鸡
处理
赞同
玩耍
帮助
语境推断
耐心的
友好的
精彩的
幽默的
语境推断
⑧Then Rex 15 that he asked his mother to prepare chicken to eat but his mother thought he wanted to play with his chicken pet at school. After that, Rex never asked his mother to put chicken in the lunch box.
15. A. forgot B. realized C. doubted D. refused
Rex________他妈妈误解了他的意思。
忘记
意识到
怀疑
拒绝
语境推断
同学们不要漏填
跳过的第 5 空、第 8 空哦~
③One evening, Rex told his mother to prepare a box with the 5 inside for the next day...
5. A. soup B. fish C. rice D. chicken
⑧...he asked his mother to prepare chicken to eat but his mother thought he wanted to play with his chicken pet at school. After that, Rex never asked his mother to put chicken in the lunch box.
回溯原文
盒子里装的是？
汤
鱼肉
米饭
鸡肉
同词复现
第四遍：通读全文，验证答案
④The next morning, Rex's mother drove him to school in 7 car. At the school gate, she gave the box to Rex and told him not to play with it in front of the school 8 . Rex was shocked at what his mother said but he said nothing.
8. A. cleaners B. desks C. kids D. halls
叮嘱不要在其他孩子面前玩儿
保洁员
桌子
孩子
走廊
词汇复现
⑦All the other kids found the chicken. They gathered around him and 13 the pet. All appreciated(欣赏) how cute...
总结回顾
第一遍：__________全文，获取信息
第二遍：细读文章，掌握文意+___________+看选项
（不会的______________；不确定的，___________________）
第三遍：再读文章，加深理解+___________答案
第四遍：通读全文，___________答案
解题步骤
盲填
补齐
跳过
验证
标记纠结项
速读
02 语篇研读
主题内容（What）
①What does the text mainly talk about
setting
character
beginning
middle
end
体裁： ___________ 大意： __________________________________________
Where: Rex’s home (on a farm) The school restaurant
When: One morning
Rex
Rex’s mom
The school kids
①②Rex’s home was far from his school and he could hardly eat meat at school.
③...⑦Rex’s mother prepared a box with the chicken inside for him, but after the box opened, the school kids all laughed.
⑧Rex’s mother put the chicken to play with but not to eat in the lunch box.
记叙文
Rex在学校很少能吃到肉,所以请求妈妈在午餐盒里装上鸡肉,但妈妈却给他装了一只宠物鸡的故事。
主旨大意
方法：记叙文找人物、时间、地点、事件
（开端、发展、结局）
主旨大意题还有可能这么问：
（1）What can we learn from the text (河南2021.30)
（2）What does the text/passage (mainly) tell us
(河南2017.60, 2013.50, 2011.55)
（3）Which is the main lesson of the story (广州2021.29)
事件顺序
故事中所有事件发生的正确顺序是什么？
a. Rex asked his mom to prepare chicken for him, and she said yes.
b. Rex’s mom drove him to school and asked him not to play with it in front of other kids. Rex didn’t understand what his mom said and was shocked.
c. Rex took the box to the school restaurant at lunch time. Before opening the box, Rex heard a strange sound coming out of it.
d. After he opened the box, a chicken flew out of it.
e. Other kids found the chicken, played with it and laughed.
②What is the correct order of all the events in the story
③How did Rex's feelings change in the story
Rex的情感在故事中发生了怎样的变化？
情感变化
Rex的家离学校很远，学校提供的午餐里肉很少，所以Rex让妈妈准备一些鸡肉放到盒子里。妈妈应他的要求给他准备了，并且叮嘱他不要在其他孩子面前跟它玩儿。对于这番叮嘱，Rex的表现是shocked，因为此时的他还没意识到妈妈给他放的是一只宠物鸡。到了午餐时间，他在打开盒子的过程中听到了奇怪的声音，完全打开后一只小鸡飞了出来。小鸡蹦到他的身上，唧唧地叫着。此时的Rex感到so surprised。其他孩子发现小鸡之后，都围过来跟小鸡玩儿，大声笑了出来。在那之后，Rex就再也没有让他的妈妈把鸡肉放进午餐盒里了。推测Rex那时的情感是尴尬的embarrassed。
Shocked/Surprised Embarrassed
④Which word can best describe Rex's mom
推断人物性格
当Rex让妈妈给他准备鸡肉午餐吃时，妈妈答应了，且叮嘱他早点睡觉。在把Rex送到学校门口后，贴心叮嘱他不要在同学面前跟小鸡玩儿。由此可见，妈妈是一个贴心有爱的人。
Caring./Loving.
语篇目的（Why）
①What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage
作者写这篇文章的意图是什么？
作者意图
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在农场长大的Rex离家远，在学校吃午饭。有一天他跟妈妈说想带鸡肉去学校，结果他妈妈误以为他想在学校玩他的宠物小鸡，便在盒子里放了一只小鸡，结果在学校闹了笑话。从那以后，Rex再也没有让他的妈妈在午餐盒里放鸡肉。
（1）作者介绍Rex和妈妈之间的沟通产生了误会，导致的结果令人忍俊不禁。旨在引导学生在表达自己的方式方面需要仔细斟酌，严谨措辞，避免引起不必要的误会。语言是交流与合作的重要沟通工具，引导学生适当调整表达方式，沟通与交流遇到困难时，主动澄清或寻求帮助，体现出礼貌、得体与友善。
（2）作者介绍Rex的妈妈对他的合理要求第一时间作出应允，体现了Rex家庭生活和睦。旨在引导学生感悟家庭成员间应彼此关爱，相互支持和鼓励，表达对家人的尊重与关爱。
②In which tone the passage was written
这篇文章是用什么语气写成的？
写作语气
作者在讲述Rex打开盒子前“heard a strange sound”, 这让读者感受到事情有些许不妙，引发读者的好奇心。盒子打开后，作者描写小鸡像风筝一样飞出盒子“flying like a kite out of it”，蹦到Rex身上，唧唧地叫着。整个场面鲜活灵动，妙趣横生。之后，其他同学发现了小鸡，聚过来跟小鸡玩儿。在同学们的眼中，小鸡“cute”“make such a beautiful sound”，可见作者是以幽默逗趣的语气写这篇文章的。
Humorous.
结构语言——文体特征（How）
文章体裁
有人物、时间、地点、事件，所以是一个story。
常见的文体还有poem（诗歌），letter（书信）, e-mail（电子邮件）, dialogue（对白）, interview（访谈），introduction（说明），advertisement（广告）...
What is the text （河南2022.30）
赏析：①作者描写Rex的成长环境时用到了live on a farm, grow up with；举例介绍农场有很多种动物时用到了such as。
②作者描述Rex对妈妈在校门口的叮嘱十分不解时，使用了be shocked at以及say nothing，充分表达Rex震惊的心情。
结构语言——语言赏析（How）
live on a farm, grow up with, such as;
be shocked at, say nothing;
同学们觉得这些词好在哪里呢？
还有哪些词你认为用得好呢？
hear a strange sound, see chicken flying like a kite out of it,
so surprised that..., can’t say a word; gather around, how cute...,
make such a beautiful sound, laugh in a humorous way
赏析：③Rex打开餐盒前，听到了异响，使用了hear a strange sound；盒子打开后see chicken flying like a kite out of it。听觉视觉并用，比喻恰当，表现了小鸡的生动活泼，与Rex预期中的可食用鸡肉形成强烈反差。此时Rex惊讶的心情用so surprised that...和can’t say a word形容完全贴切。
④作者对围观同学的表现也进行了刻画，使用了gather around。在表现同学们对小鸡的喜爱时，使用了感叹句how cute, make such a beautiful sound以及laugh in a humorous way。
副词：often, sometimes, never, really, then 并列连词：so, but, and
从属连词：when, after 表示时间/地点的介词短语：one evening,
the next morning, at the school gate, at that time 代词：it, they
赏析：①作者在组织故事时，用到了一些副词，如：频度副词often, sometimes, never，程度副词really及时间副词then，对故事主角的生活习惯和情感变化展开描述。
②并列连词（so, but, and）的使用让文章衔接自然；从属连词（when, after）及表示时间/地点的介词短语（one evening, the next morning, at the school gate, at that time），让文章的叙事顺序更加明确，便于读者了解故事情节发展及人物的情感变化，阅读更加流畅。
③代词it指代小鸡，they指代围观的同学，不仅使句子之间的衔接更加流畅，也让语言表达更加简洁。
同学们可以积累自己喜欢的单词、短语、句型，写作文的时候可以用哦~
结构语言——长难句分析（How）
译文：然后Rex意识到，他让母亲准备吃的鸡肉，但母亲认为他想在学校和他的宠物鸡一起玩。
that后的从句作realize的宾语
主语
but连接并列成分he asked ...to eat和his mother thought...school
谓语
短语：ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事；play with和……一起玩
Then Rex realized that he asked his mother to prepare chicken to eat but his mother thought he wanted to play with his chicken pet at school.
03 语篇填空第一节
解题步骤
第一步：分析选项，掌握词义词性
第二步：根据语法，判定词性，缩小范围
第三步：结合文意，确定词形
what so prepare around drive
humor try complete he sheep
sheep
疑问词/引导词
连词
动词
介词
动词
名词
动词
形容词
代词
名词
①Rex's family lived on a farm. He grew up with some animals there, such as 1._____, chickens, pigs and so on. He often played with them, fed them and sometimes ate the meat of them.
与chickens, pigs并列，应为
描述动物种类的复数名词。
n.: sheep 单复数同形
what 疑问词/引导词 so conj. prepare v. around prep.
drive v. humor n. try v. complete adj. he pron. sheep n.
②When Rex was six years old, he entered a primary school in the town. The school was six kilometers away from his home, 2.___ Rex couldn’t go home for lunch. The lunch provided by the school had little meat, so Rex really wanted to eat meat.
③One evening, Rex told his mother to 3.________________ a box with the chicken inside for the next day. His mother replied with yes and required that he should go to sleep early．
so
drive/try/prepare
方框中动词较多，所填词待定
前后句成分完整，空处填连词
tell sb. to+动词原形
what 疑问词/引导词 so conj. prepare v. around prep.
drive v. humor n. try v. complete adj. he pron. sheep n.
drove
what
trying
空处缺谓语动词，与交通方式相关，一般过去时
his mother said，作shocked at的宾语
④The next morning, Rex's mother 4.______ him to school in her car. At the school gate, she gave the box to Rex and told him not to play with it in front of the school kids. Rex was shocked at 5._____ his mother said but he said nothing.
⑤Then when the lunch time arrived, Rex took the box to the school restaurant. After he got the food, he wanted to add the chicken. Rex was 6.________ to open the box when he heard a strange sound inside the box.
空处缺宾语从句引导词
空处缺谓语动词，“when”表示两种动作在过去时间里同时进行
比较try和prepare，“尝试打开”更符合语境
⑥When Rex 7.__________ opened the box, he saw a chicken flying like a kite out of it. It jumped on 8.________ and started making the sound of a chicken. Rex was so surprised that he couldn't say a word at that time.
completely
him
7.____修饰opened，应为副词
what 疑问词/引导词 so conj. prepare v. around prep.
drive v. humor n. try v. complete adj. he pron. sheep n.
方框中无副词，考虑可转化为adv.的adj.
看到小鸡飞出来，说明盒子完全打开了，故填complete的副词形式。
on介词+代词宾格
8.___指代Rex
around
what 疑问词/引导词 so conj. prepare v. around prep.
drive v. humor n. try v. complete adj. he pron. sheep n.
⑦All the other kids found the chicken. They gathered 9._________ him and played with the pet. All appreciated(欣赏) how cute the pet chicken looked and it could make such a beautiful sound. They were all laughing in a 10.___________ way.
⑧Then Rex realized that he asked his mother to prepare chicken to eat but his mother thought he wanted to play with his chicken pet at school. After that, Rex never asked his mother to put chicken in the lunch box.
gather around常用搭配
修饰way，需要形容词
方框中无形容词，考虑laugh相关名词humor的变形
humorous
what 疑问词/引导词 so conj. prepare v. around prep.
drive v. humor n. try v. complete adj. he pron. sheep n.
代入剩余动词prepare
符合语境
prepare
第四步：通读全文，验证答案
③One evening, Rex told his mother to 3.________________ a box with the chicken inside for the next day. His mother replied with yes and required that he should go to sleep early．
④The next morning, ... she gave the box to Rex and told him not to play with it in front of the school kids...
同学们不要漏填跳过的3.____哦~
总结回顾
第一步：分析选项，______________
第二步：根据语法，______________，缩小范围
第三步：结合文意，______________
第四步：通读全文，______________
解题步骤
掌握词义词性
验证答案
判定词性
确定词形
04 作文缩写
请同学们根据以下提示，缩写这篇文章。
关键词：
far from, eat meat, prepare, in front of,
be shocked at, strange, completely, fly, kite
词数：
100左右
可以使用语篇研读部分的文章结构、要点表达、逻辑连接词语哦~
①Rex went to a primary school far from home and could hardly eat meat during lunchtime. One evening, Rex asked his mother to prepare chicken for him in a box.
②The next morning, Rex’s mom gave him the box and told him not to play with it in front of other kids. Rex was shocked at what his mom said, but he said nothing.
③At lunch time, Rex took the box to the school restaurant. Before opening the box, he heard a strange sound inside. After the box was completely opened, a chicken flew out of it like a kite. Other kids found the cute chicken and played with it happily.
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