中考英语复习语法突破第二节冠词课件(共40张PPT)

(共40张PPT)
考点解读
01
KAO DIAN JIE DU
满分突破
02
MAN FEN TU PO
真题链接
03
ZHEN TI LIAN JIE
CONTENTS
目录
模拟突破
04
MO NI TU PO
考点解读
KAO DIAN JIE DU
PART ONE
01
第二节　冠　词
冠词是虚词,放在名词之前,用来说明名词所指的人或事物。冠词有两种：不定冠词a/an和定冠词the。不定冠词表泛指,定冠词表特指,是冠词的核心用法。
冠词的基本用法一直是中考考查的重点,试题的语境设计更趋于真实,有一定的创新性和时代感。冠词在具体语境中的活用以及习语和固定搭配中冠词的使用也是中考的关注点。不定冠词a/an 6年5考,定冠词6年3考,零冠词6年2考。
一、 不定冠词的用法
不定冠词可用于单数可数名词前,表泛指。a用在辅音音素之前,an用在元音音素之前 (注意：是指读音,不是指字母)。例如：a useful book, a European country, a university, a usual day, an hour, an honest man, an“s”(26个字母中,前面用an的有：a、e、f、h、i、l、m、n、o、r、s、x,其他用a)。
序号 用法 例子
1 指一类人或事(物) (1)飞机是能飞的机器。 　 is a machine that can fly.
(2)马是有用的动物。 　 is a useful animal.
2 第一次提及某人某物,非特指 (1)一个男孩在等你。 　 is waiting for you.
(2)桌上有一本书。There is 　on the desk.
3 表示“每一”,相当于every,
one 我们每天学习8小时。We study 　.
A plane
A horse
A boy
a book
eight hours a day
序号 用法 例子
4 用于固定词组中(带有a) (1)少数；几个________　(2)少量；一点点__________
(3)一点点___________　(4)许多___________
(5)结果___________　(6)坐公共汽车___________　
(7)从前；很久以前_____________________
(8)去散步_____________________　
(9)感冒__________________　(10)匆忙____________
(11)玩得高兴_________________
(12)一会儿___________　(13)总之_____________
(14)试一试______________
a few
a little
a bit
a lot of
as a result
take a bus
once upon a time
go for a walk
have / catch a cold　
in a hurry
have a good time
for a while
in a word
have a try
二、定冠词的用法
序号 用法 例子
1 表示特指的人或物 你认识那边的那个男孩吗？Do you know 　？
2 表示世上独一无二的事物 (1)宇宙 ______________________ 　
(2)地球______________________ 　
(3)月亮______________________
the boy over there
the universe
the earth
the moon
序号 用法 例子
3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 (1)你介意把门打开吗？Would you mind _______
　？
(2)我有一本小说。这本小说是马克·吐温写的。
I have a novel. was written by Mark Twain.
4 普遍用于演奏西洋乐器名称前面 (1)拉小提琴__________________
(2)弹吉他__________________　
(3)击鼓__________________　
(4)弹钢琴__________________
opening the door
The novel
play the violin
play the guitar
play the drums
play the piano
序号 用法 例子
5 用于形容词前表示一类人 (1)穷人__________________　
(2)富人__________________　
(3)老人__________________　
(4)年轻人__________________
(5)伤员_______________________________
the poor
the rich　
the old
the young
the wounded / injured
序号 用法 例子
6 用于姓氏的复数形式前,表示一家人或夫妇俩 (1)格林夫妇__________________　
(2)姓王的一家__________________　
7 用于序数词和形容词、副词最高级前 (1)他是第一个来这里的人。He is
__________________　to come here.
(2)这是我看过的最好的电影。This is
__________________I have ever seen.
the Greens
the Wangs　
the first person
the best film / movie
序号 用法 例子
8 用于表示江、河、湖、海、山脉、群岛等名词前 (1)太平洋__________________　
(2)黄河__________________　
9 表示年代 在20世纪90年代__________________　
10 用于方位名词前 太阳从东方升起。The sun rises ________
　.
the Pacific Ocean
the Yellow River
in the 1990s
in the east
序号 用法 例子
11 用于某些由普通名词构成的专有
名词前 (1)长城__________________
(2)美利坚合众国__________________　
12 用在固定搭配中 on the whole　大体上
by the way　顺便问一下
to tell the truth　说实话
the Great Wall
the United States of America
三、不用冠词的情况
序号 情况 例子
1 当复数名词表示一类人或事物时 (1)马是有用的动物。____________are useful animals.
(2)我很喜欢苹果。I like______________
very much.
2 当不可数名词表示一般概念或类别时 钢铁是很坚固的金属。____________ is very strong metal.
Horses
apples
Steel
序号 情况 例子
3 用于表示国名、人名、街名、路名等专有名词前
注意：我国特有的含“festival”的节日前要加“the” (1)杰克____________
(2)中山公园_____________________
(3)中国____________
(4)海南岛_________________　
the Spring Festival　春节　　　the Mid-Autumn Festival　中秋节
the Lantern Festival　元宵节　　the Dragon Boat Festival　龙舟节
Jack
Zhongshan Park
China
Hainan Island
序号 情况 例子
4 用于季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前 (1)在春天___________________　
(2)在九月___________________　
(3)在周日___________________　
(4)吃早餐___________________
(5)在国庆节_________________
5 用于表示独一无二的职位、头衔的名词前,作表语、同位语和宾语补足语 He was made _____________________ (美国总统).
in spring
in September
on Sunday　
have breakfast
on National Day
President of America
序号 情况 例子
6 学科、语言、球类、棋类名词前 (1)我很喜欢物理。I like ___________very much.
(2)他喜欢踢足球/下棋。He likes_______
________________________ .
7 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 他每天骑自行车上学。He goes to school ____________every day.
8 序数词前已有物主代词、名词所有格等修饰时 Cindy has become famous since_________
(她第一次)appearance in the show.
physics
playing football / chess
by bike
her first
四、易错点突破
1. 可数名词一般不单独使用,在泛指某类事物的时候,要使用“a/an+单数名词”或者使用名词的复数形式。
如：I like books. 我喜欢书。
He works in a factory. 他在一家工厂里工作。
2. 不可数名词前不能用a和an,表示泛指时不加冠词。
如：Milk is healthy food. 牛奶是健康食品。
3. 不定冠词表示泛指,定冠词表示特指。
如：Miss Li is a good teacher. 李老师是一个好老师。
He is the student who helped me yesterday. 他是昨天帮助我的那名学生。
4. 不定冠词与序数词连用,构成a+序数词(first除外),表示“又一、再一”。
如：The apple is delicious and I would like a second one. 苹果很美味,我想再吃一个。
满分突破
MAN FEN TU PO
PART TWO
02
语法选择和短文填空考查冠词a/an, the的用法主要是从固定搭配以及句子的意义出发,解题时首先根据固定搭配或者习惯表达,再根据语法规则和上下文判定,如句子结构与上下文意思确定。
一、冠词在语法选择中的考查
1. (2023·广东中考·36题)Last month, he went to 　　　　new space camp.
A. a　　　 B. an　 C. the
2. (2023·广州中考·2题)But 　　　　last one that came out was not strong at all.
A. a　　　 B. an　 C. the　 D. /
A
C
3. (2022·广州中考·2题)I named it Bob, I put 　　　　beautiful toy house with windows in the tank (鱼缸) so that Bob could swim through.
A. a　 B. an C. the　　　 D. /
4. (2022·广东中考·38题)Sometimes she was so tired that she felt like crying, she would find 　　　　quiet place and cry out loud.
A. a　　 B. an C. the
A
A
5. (2021·广东中考·35题)Along the river, there is 　　　　eight kilometer long wooden walkway.
A. /　　 B. a　 C. an　　 D. the
6. (2021·广州中考·11题)“What’s that？” The farmer cried,“
　　　　 raindrop！ I do believe we’ll have a shower (阵雨) soon. ”
A. A　　 B. An C. The　　 D. /
C
A
7. (2020·广州中考·4题)David thinks hard and has 　　　　idea.
A. a　　 B. an C. the　　 D. /
8. (2020·广东中考·38题)The next morning, they took 　　　　kite to the park and tested it.
A. a　　 B. an C. the　　 D. /
B
A
二、冠词在短文填空中的考查
1. (2022· 深圳中考·39题)Though he put on thousands of shows worldwide, this was his first time to play 　　　　piano at the top of a snowy mountain.
2. (2021·深圳中考·43题)This is why translators should have________
creative mind.
3. (2020· 深圳中考·46题)Here he met 　　　　little boy holding a bird cage and selling the birds inside.
the
a
a
4. (2019· 广东中考·78题)On the ground of the village, Grandpa Huang has painted 　　　　lot of well-known Chinese sayings.
5. (2018·广东中考·77题)… both Will and Harry rebuilt the wall in
　　　　period of six months.
6. (2017·广东中考·72题)When the film group meet_______________ 　　　　
Smiths, they find that Mr. Smith, Mrs. Smith and their two sons are so crazy about technology …
7. (2016·广东中考·73题)They love one another and live ___________　　　　
happy life.
a
a
the
a
真题链接
ZHEN TI LIAN JIE
PART THREE
03
(　　)1. The 31st Summer Universiade (大运会) is 　　　　big event for Chengdu.
(2023·成都市)
A. a　　 B. an　 C. the
(　　)2. As a student in modern China, everybody should work hard to live 　　　　meaningful life. (2023·南通市)
A. a B. an　　　 C. the　　　 D. 不填
A
A
(　　)3. Don’t worry about 　　　　exam today. It’s very easy for you！ (2023·海南省)
A. the　 B. an　　　 C. /
(　　)4. Do you know 　　　　president who is giving a speech？ (2023·甘南自治州)
A. a B. an　　　 C. the
A
C
(　　)5. After taking 　　　　class from Tiangong space station on October 12th, 2022, I became interested in science. (2023·东营市)
A. a B. an C. the D. /
(　　)6. My mother is making 　　　　apple pie and I want to try 　　　　piece. (2023·天津市)
A. a； an B. a； / C. an； a D. an； /
C
C
(　　)7. The spirit of Lei Feng always encourages us to give _______　
hand to others.
(2023·沈阳市)
A. a　　 B. an　 C. the　 D. /
(　　)8. — Do you know Journey to the West？
— Yes. It’s 　　　　interesting book. I like it very much. (2023·十堰市)
A. a　 B. an　 C. the　 D. /
A
B
(　　)9. — Hi, Wang Li, who is Miss Deng？
— Miss Deng is 　　　　nice teacher and she is very popular in our school.
(2023·邵阳市)
A. a B. an　　　 C. /
A
(　　)10. — Is this your pen？
— No, it isn’t. 　　　　 red one is mine. (2023·菏泽市)
A. A B. An　　　 C. The
C
模拟突破
MO NI TU PO
PART FOUR
04
语法选择(主要考查冠词)(2022·东莞模拟改编)
　On February 3rd, I volunteered at 　1　 nursing home to help look after the old people there. This experience allowed me to have 　2　 better understanding of the need to care for the old.
In the morning, I walked into 　3　 nursing home with a smile as 　 4　 as sunshine. Then I joined the other volunteers while they were doing their work. I was told to clean 　5　 tables and windows first. We tried to make the nursing home tidy and comfortable to live in.
　
After cleaning, some of us gave the old people haircuts, chatted with them, or cooked food for them in the kitchen. I was busy putting up Spring Festival couplets (对联). Seeing them smiling, I felt 　6　 sense of joy deep in my heart. 　7　 the end of the day, everyone got together and sang the beautiful song “The Grateful Heart (《感恩的心》)”. 　8　 happy we felt！
When my parents asked me what I thought of my work in the evening, I told them proudly, “I carried on the tradition of respecting and loving the old. ”
　I think the things that 　9　 old people really need are company (陪伴) and love. By giving them love, we can also feel 　10　 kind of joy that can only be gained by giving.
(　　)1. A. a B. the C. an
(　　)2. A. / B. the C. a　
(　　)3. A. the B. a C. an
(　　)4. A. bright B. brighter C. the brightest
(　　)5. A. a B. the C. /
(　　)6. A. the B. a C. /
(　　)7. A. In B. On C. At
(　　)8. A. What B. What a C. How
(　　)9. A. a B. / C. the
(　　)10. A. the B. an C. a　
A
C
A
A
C
B
C
C
C
A