中考英语复习语法突破第五节形容词和副词 课件(共58张PPT)

(共58张PPT)
考点解读
01
KAO DIAN JIE DU
满分突破
02
MAN FEN TU PO
真题链接
03
ZHEN TI LIAN JIE
CONTENTS
目录
模拟突破
04
MO NI TU PO
考点解读
KAO DIAN JIE DU
PART ONE
01
第五节　形容词和副词
新课程标准中,形容词和副词的考查包括词义辨析、比较级和最高级。形容词的比较级5年3考,最高级5年2考,比较级和最高级主要考查特殊表达。副词的词义辨析5年4考,2019年增加考查副词比较级。
一、形容词
1. 形容词是说明人或事物的属性、状态或特征的词,常用来修饰名词,放在名词前作定语,也可以用在系动词之后作表语。
如：This is a good book. 这是一本好书。
His English is good. 他的英语很好。
2. 有些形容词不能修饰名词,通常只在系动词后,作表语。
如：alive　活着的　　asleep　睡着的　　alone　单独的　　glad　高兴的
(1)醒着的 　　　　　　　　(2)害怕的 _______________　　　　　　　　
(3)生病的 　　　　　　　
awake
afraid
ill
3. 形容词还可作宾语补足语。常与make,leave,keep,find等动词连用。
如：make me strong　使我强壮　　keep the door ______________　　　　　　(关着的)
4. 某些形容词前加the,表示“一类人”。
如：the rich有钱人　　穷人 　　　　　　　　
5. 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing等不定代词时,要放在不定代词之后。
如：something important　重要的事情　　
没什么特别的事情 　　　　　　　　　　　　
closed
the poor
nothing special
二、 副词
(一)起修饰或限制动词或形容词作用、表程度或范围的词叫副词。形容词变副词通常是加-ly, 其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：
一般直接加, “辅y”改i加, “元e”去e加, “le”结尾e改y。
内容 构成法 例子
副词
变化 1. 在形容词词尾直接加-ly careful—carefully　　　serious—seriously
2. 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,然后再加-ly busy—busily　　　　　easy—easily
angry—angrily happy—happily
3. 以ue结尾的词,去e加-ly；
以le结尾的词,去e加-y true—truly　　　　　　terrible—terribly
gentle—gently possible—possibly
4. 其他以e结尾的词,一律加ly wide—widely polite—politely
5. 副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来 loud(adj. )—aloud(adv. )
6. 部分名词加后缀也可变成副词 part—partly
(二)副词的用法
1. 副词常用来修饰行为动词,放在动词(短语)之后,作状语。如：
(1)He speaks English very well. 他的英语讲得很好。
(2)史密斯先生努力工作。Mr. Smith 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
works hard
2. 频率副词是表示与次数,频率有关的副词,如：always(总是),
usually(通常),often(经常),sometimes(有时),seldom(不常),rarely(很少),never(从不),once(一次),twice(两次)等。作状语时,通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词、助动词和be动词之后。如：
(1)I have never heard him sing. 我从未听过他唱歌。
(2)他通常早起。He 　　　　　　　　　　　　early.
(3)她经常上学迟到。She 　　　　　　　　　　　　for school.
(4)Sometimes I go to school by bus. 我有时坐公交车上学。
usually gets up
is often late
3. 程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词或副词的前面。如：
(1)他开车很小心。He drives 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
(2)这是一份挺难的工作。It is a 　　　　　　　　　　　　job.
4. 对频率提问用how often或how many times。如：
— How often do you exercise？　你多久锻炼一次身体？
— Twice a week. 一周两次。
very carefully
rather difficult
三、形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的构成和用法
1. 构成
内容 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
规　则　变　化 (1)一般在单音节词末尾加-er或-est small
few smaller
　　　　　 smallest
　　　　　
(2)以不发音的e结尾的单音节词,在末尾加-r或-st nice
large nicer
　　　　　 nicest
　　　　　
(3)以重读闭音节结尾,结尾只有一个辅音字母(w,y除外)的词,先双写结尾的辅音字母再加-er或-est fat
thin fatter
　　　　　 fattest
　　　　　
(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i,再加-er或-est dry
early drier
　　　　　 driest
　　　　　
(5)部分以er或r结尾的双音节词,可在末尾加-er或-est clear
near clearer
　　　　　 clearest
　　　　　
(6)部分双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more或most beautiful
slowly more beautiful
　　　　　 most beautiful
　　　　　
fewer
fewest
larger
largest
thinner
thinnest
earlier
earliest
nearer
nearest
more slowly
most slowly
注意：以-ing或-ed结尾的形容词和以“adj. +-ly”构成的副词,其比较级通常是在原级前加more,在最高级前加most。如：tired — more tired — most tired；easily — more easily — most easily
内容 原级 比较级 最高级 词义
不规则变化 (1)good,well 　　　　　 　　　　　 较好,更好；最好
(2)ill, bad,badly 　　　　　 　　　　　 更坏,更糟；最坏,最糟
(3)many,much 　　　　　 　　　　　 更多；最多
(4)little 　　　　　 　　　　　 较少；最少
(5)far 　　　　　 　　　　　 (表示距离)较远；最远
further furthest (表示程度)进一步；最大限度地
(6)old 　　　　　 　　　　　 (表示相比之下年长多少、年龄大小)更年长；最年长
elder eldest 只作定语,用于表示兄弟姐妹间年长多少
better
best
worse
worst
more
most
less
least
farther
farthest
older
oldest
2. 用法
(1)使用原级的情况
①形容词和副词前有very, quite, rather, too, so, as等词修饰时。
如：The car is much too expensive. 这辆车太昂贵了。
He spoke very slowly. 他讲得很慢。
②表示程度相等,用“as … as …”(和……一样)；表示程度不相等,用“not so (as) … as …” (……不如……) 。
如：This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。
She doesn’t run 　　　　　　　　　　(和……一样快) he does.
as / so fast as
(2)使用比较级的情况
①两个人或两种事物相比较时,用“形容词比较级+than+比较成分”,表示“比……更……”,than后主词的述语动词往往省略,非正式用法的than后面的人称代词可用宾格。
如：He is younger than me. 他比我年轻。
The boys in her class are 　　　　　 　(高) than those in your class.
注意：表示“较……低；不及……”用less+形容词原级+than+比较成分。
如：I am less young than he (is). 我不比他年轻。
taller
②比较级前可用a lot, much, a bit, a little, even, far, any, still, rather等修饰。
如：The Yellow River is long, but the Yangtze River is even longer. 黄河长,长江更长。
His English is much 　　　　　　　　　　(好) than mine.
③两者进行比较时,比较对象应属于同类。
如：The climate in Beijing is 　　　　　　　　　　(比……的天气冷) in Guangdong.
better
colder than that
④the+比较级+of the two,表示“两者中较……的那个”。
如：She is the older of the two girls. 她是这两个女孩子中年龄较大的那个。
⑤表示倍数的比较级用法：
a. A is … times the size/height/length/width of B.
如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.
这座新楼比那座旧楼高两倍。(新楼是旧楼的三倍高)
b. A is … times as big/high/long/wide/large as B.
如：Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
c. A is … times larger/higher/longer/wider than B.
如：Our school is twice bigger than yours. 我们学校比你们学校大两倍。
(3)使用最高级的情况
①三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较时,用最高级。
如：Shanghai is one of 　　　　　　　　　　(最大的) cities in China.
② 形容词最高级前要加the(有形容词性物主代词时不用the)；副词最高级前可加可不加the。
如：This is 　　　　　　　　　　(我最高兴的) day.
He listened to the teacher 　　　　　　　　　　(最仔细地).
the largest / biggest
my happiest
(the)most carefully
③形容词前有序数词,用最高级。
如：The Yellow River is 　　　　　　　　　　(第二长的) river in China.
④在含有最高级的句型中,通常有一个表示范围的短语。in表示环境范围,in后的名词和主语不是同一概念范畴；of或among表示对象范围,其后面的名词与主语是同一概念范畴。
如：He is the tallest in his class. 他是班上最高的。(he与class不是同一概念范畴)
He is the thinnest of/among the boys. 他是那些男孩中最瘦的。(he与boys是同一概念范畴)
the second longest
四、易错点突破
1. 以-ing结尾的形容词一般修饰或描述表示事物的名词；以-ed结尾的形容词则用来描述人对事物的感受。
如：This is an 　　　　　　(有趣的) book. We are _____________　　　　　　(感兴趣) in it.
interesting
interested
2. enough作副词用时,放在被修饰词的后面；作形容词修饰名词时,常放在名词的前面。如：
(1)我不够高,够不着那幅画。I’m not 　　　　　　to reach the picture.
(2)别担心,我们有足够的时间。Don’t worry. We have 　　 　　　.
3. 注意：friendly, lonely, lovely, lively等词是形容词而非副词。
tall enough
enough time
满分突破
MAN FEN TU PO
PART TWO
02
一、形容词和副词在语法选择中的考查
形容词和副词在语法选择中的考查主要是形容词和副词的用法区分；形容词/副词原级、比较级和最高级的区分。
1. 考查形容词、副词的用法区分
形容词一般用于以下几种情况：放在系动词后；放在名词前；数词+名词(时间、度量)+形容词构成合成形容词；make+宾语+形容词(作宾补)。副词用于修饰形容词、动词或整个句子, 如however, finally, luckily, suddenly等。
(1)(2023·佛山市南海区模拟)Peng made her first performance (表演) in the front of a theatre. “I felt very 　　　　at that time, but a lot of people said they enjoyed my performance,” Peng said.
A. nervous B. nervously　　 C. nervousness
(2)(2022·广东中考·35题)Wang Yiyi passed the test 　　　　and became a student of that school.
A. success　 B. successful　 C. successfully
A
C
(3)(2021·广东中考·40题)He said 　　　　,“I was a little afraid, but there’s no other bridge like this one in the world. It was so worth it. ”
A. excite　 B. excited　 C. excitedly　 D. excitement
C
2. 考查形容词 / 副词原级、比较级和最高级的区分
原级用于so, quite, really, very, pretty, rather等词后面；出现than用比较级；后面有in / of短语表示某个范围或者the+序数词的时候用最高级。
(1)(2023·广东中考·31题)For him, a space camp is 　　　　than any other camp in the world.
A. great　　　 B. greater　 C. the greatest
B
(2)(2022·广州中考·10题)When I took my hand out of the water,I noticed that the water was a lot 　　　　than I thought.
A. dirty B. dirtier C. dirtiest　 D. the dirtiest
(3)(2022·广东·36题)She worked 　　　　. Students in the school were asked to get up at 6：45 a. m. to practice their basic skills, but Wang got up at 6：00 in the morning.
A. hard　　B. harder　　　C. the hardest
B
A
(4)(2021·广东中考·31题)It’s 　　　　hanging bridge for walkers in the world.
A. longer　 B. the longer　 C. longest　 D. the longest
(5)(2021·广州中考·1题)He worked on it with the 　　　　care, but the corn was dying …
A. great　 B. greater　 C. much greater　 D. greatest
D
D
(6)(2021·广州中考·3题)He felt very 　　　　.
A. sad　 B. sadder　 C. sadly　 D. sadness
(7)(2020·广东中考·34题)You will have a 　　　　understanding of kites than before.
A. good　 B. better　 C. best　 D. the best
A
B
3. 考查形容词、副词的意义辨析
(1)(2018·广州中考·1题)In his short life he wrote 　　　　300 songs and an opera.
A. near　 B. nearly　 C. nearby　 D. nearer
(2)(2017·广州中考·14题)He put one spoon of sugar and___________ 　　　　milk in it.
A. many　 B. any　 C. few　 D. some
B
D
二、形容词和副词在短文填空中的考查
形容词和副词在短文填空中的考查主要是根据句子意思和上下文来判断。
1.
(2023· 广东·73题)Around the 15th century, the Chinese toothbrush found its way into Europe. It became 　　 　　among local people soon.
it　either　be　because　what　else　by　invent　clean　popular　habit　hundred
popular
2. (2022· 广东·68题)Among all kinds of drinks, tea is one of the top two choices. People like it because it is 　　　　for their health.
3. (2022· 广东·74题)As the population of tea drinkers gets larger, tea business is getting 　　　　important than before.
4. (2021· 广东·72题)These books give the world a fuller picture of China and Lao Pan is 　　 　of what he is doing.
good
more
proud
5. (2020· 广东·73题)Although it was only a 　　　　money, she helped 12 kids with it！
6. (2020· 广东· 75题)Up till now, she has already raised__________ 　　　　than $17,000! She is going to spend the money on clothes, toys and books for the poor kids.
little
more
真题链接
ZHEN TI LIAN JIE
PART THREE
03
一、形容词
(　　)1. A new study shows that sunshine can make men feel 　　　. They will eat more food after receiving UVB rays (紫外线) from the sun. (2023·东营市)
A. hot　　　 B. sick　　 C. sleepy　　　 D. hungry
D
(　　)2. Suddenly the lights went out, leaving the room completely 　　　　. (2023·盘锦市)
A. cold　　　 B. crowded C. dark　　　 D. empty
(　　)3. Among the four seas of the coast of China, East China Sea is the second 　　　　.
(2023·甘南自治州)
A. deep B. deeper C. deepest
C
C
(　　)4. — Where are you going？
— To Toyland. It’s the most 　　　　country in the world！ Come with me, Pinocchio！
(2023·菏泽市)
A. wonderful B. delicious C. boring
A
(　　)5. — As I know, your friend Jeff is very humorous.
— Yes. He is 　　　　person I know. (2023·江西省)
A. funnier B. the funniest
C. more serious D. the most serious
B
(　　)6. The delicious food and 　　　　waiters made us happy with the restaurant. (2023·沈阳市)
A. slow　 B. tired　 C. awful　 D. polite
(　　)7. “We made our dreams come true through 　　　　work,” Chinese astronaut Liu Yang shared her stories on China’s Space Day. (2023·青海省)
A. hard B. lazy C. easy
D
A
(　　)8. — Mary is 　　　　about what she eats. She never has junk food.
— A good habit. (2023·武汉市)
A. careful　　　 B. angry C. nervous　　　 D. relaxed
A
(　　)9. — Camping trips in spring have become very 　　　　in southern China.
— Exactly. That’s because these areas have warmer weather and an earlier flowering season. (2023·安徽省)
A. hot　　 B. safe C. cheap D. hard
A
(　　)10. The grapes are very 　　　　and they also taste good. (2023·天津市)
A. easy　 B. lazy C. boring D. fresh
D
二、副词
(　　)1. The first Nobel Prize was presented to a German scientist for the discovery of rays, which are 　　　　used to look for problems inside our bodies. (2023·南通市)
A. quiet　 B. successfully C. hardly　 D. gently
B
(　　)2. If I don’t talk 　　　　,my old grandmother can’t hear me. (2023·天津市)
A. quickly　　　 B. loudly C. suddenly　　　 D. quietly
B
(　　)3. Jim ran to her 　　　　and said. “Mom, these strawberries are all for you. ” Seeing the smile on his mother’s face, he felt happy from the bottom of his heart. (2023·哈尔滨市)
A. happily　 B. angrily　 C. hardly
A
(　　)4. Short-form videos can 　　　　catch people’s eyes. That’s one reason why lots of people spend hours on video apps. (2023·东营市)
A. easily B. widely C. luckily D. seriously
A
(　　)5. I have some health problems, but I still remember those happy times with my dad 　　　　.
(2023·益阳市)
A. clearly B. sadly　 C. slowly
A
(　　)6. There was a storm yesterday. 　　　　,most of the flowers in my garden are still alive.
(2022·温州市)
A. Clearly　 B. Luckily　　 C. Suddenly D. Firstly
B
(　　)7. — Who do you think will win the race, Bob or Tom？
— It must be Bob. I think he runs 　　　　. (2022·江西省)
A. faster B. fastest　　　
C. more slowly　　　 D. most slowly
A
(　　)8. Good luck belongs to hardworking people. 　　　　 you work, the luckier you will be.
(2022·遂宁市)
A. The harder　　　 B. Harder
C. The hardest　　　 D. The hard
A
(　　)9. Although he failed many times, he 　　　　gave up his dream. (2022·天津市)
A. nearly　　 B. never　 C. often　 D. always
(　　)10. — Would you like some coffee？
— No, thanks. I 　　　　drink it. I think water is the best. (2022·云南省)
A. often　　 B. hardly　　 C. usually D. always
B
B
模拟突破
MO NI TU PO
PART FOUR
04
语法选择(主要考查形容词与副词)(2023·茂名市茂南区一模改编)
　Fan Shenghua,59,is one of the inheritors (传承人) of the Longjing tea roasting technique (炒茶技术). We can know about 　1　 his job is from his hands — they are thick and full of calluses (手茧).
“Roasting tea leaves is 　2　 part of the tea making process. You have to touch the leaves with your hands to feel how much water should be removed (去除),” Fan said. This 　3　 technique not only makes sure the quality of the tea, but also is 　4　 important part of Chinese tea culture. “Longjing tea leaves are known 　5　 their color, taste and shape. Only by hand can we make 　6　 better. It’s like making a work of art,” Fan said.
Modern technology can save more time and energy. It becomes more and more popular now. “It’s easier,　7　 the quality is not so good,” Fan said.
　When President Xi Jinping visited Hangzhou this year, he watched Fan roasting tea leaves 　8　. President Xi later said,“Longjing tea 　9　 by two hands and it 　10　 ensures the quality of the tea. It will never be replaced by modern technology. It’s our traditional culture. We need to pass it on. ”
(　　)1. A. who B. what C. when
(　　)2. A. difficult B. more difficult C. the most difficult
(　　)3. A. traditional B. tradition C. traditionally
(　　)4. A. a　　 B. an C. the
(　　)5. A. for B. with C. of
(　　)6. A. they B. them C. their
(　　)7. A. and B. or C. but
(　　)8. A. care B. careful C. carefully
(　　)9. A. make B. is made C. made
(　　)10. A. greatly B. great C. greatness
B
C
A
B
A
B
C
C
B
A