中考英语复习语法突破第六节介词和介词短语课件(共39张PPT)

(共39张PPT)
考点解读
01
KAO DIAN JIE DU
满分突破
02
MAN FEN TU PO
真题链接
03
ZHEN TI LIAN JIE
CONTENTS
目录
模拟突破
04
MO NI TU PO
考点解读
KAO DIAN JIE DU
PART ONE
01
第六节　介词和介词短语
介词属于虚词,不能单独使用,后面需接名词、代词(宾格)、动名词,构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
介词5年5考。
一、常用介词的比较
1. 表示时间的介词
序号 介词 用法 例子
(1) at 用于具体的钟点时刻前,或固定搭配 ①　　 　　noon　
②　　 　　autumn
③　　 　　the 21st century
④　　 　　Thursday evening
⑤　　 　　a cold morning
⑥　　 　　Christmas Eve
in 用于一段时间、星期、月、季、年、世纪、四季或泛指的上午、下午或晚上
on 用在星期几,具体的某一天或某一天的早、中、晚或节日前
at
in
in
on
on
on
序号 介词 用法 例子
(2) past 表示“过了……”(在0~30分钟内) ①It’s 　　　　　　(10点10分).
②The meeting will begin at 　　　　　
_____________(9点50分).
to 表示“还差……”(大于30分钟)
(3) in 用于将来时,也用于回答“how soon”提问的问句,后面接时间段 ①My sister will be back ______　　　　
a week.
②My sister came back________ 　　　　
a week.
after 多用于一般过去时,后面可接时间段或具体时间
before 表示“在……之前” You should go to bed before 10 o’clock.
ten past ten
ten to ten
in
after
序号 介词 用法 例子
(4) during +时间段,意为“在……期间”,与延续性的动词连用表示某期间的动作 The restaurant is open
during the day.
until not…until为固定搭配,意为“直到……为止；直到……才” She doesn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock.
since “自从”,后跟时间点或句子,用于现在完成时 He has lived here since 2001.
2. 表示地点的介词
序号 介词 用法 例子
(1) at 接小地方 ①My brother works 　　　　　the factory.
②He arrived　　　　Beijing yesterday.
③Shanghai lies 　　　　　the east of China.
in 接大地方；在某范围内
at / in
in
in
序号 介词 用法 例子
(2) above 表示“以上” 两者是一对反义词,都可以表示“(数量、位置等)在……以上/以下” ①The temperature will be__________ 　　　　　
(在……以上)zero.
②Please write your name 　　　　　(在……以下)the line.
③The book is for children__________ 　　　　　
(在……以下)six.
④There is a lamp(灯)　　　　　(在……正上方)the table.
below 表示“以下”
over 表示“以上” 两者是一对反义词,都可以表示“(数量、位置等)在……以上/以下或正上方/正下方”
under 表示“以下”
above
below
under
over
序号 介词 用法 例子
(3) across 表示“横跨”,即从表面通过 ①The old man can swim_______ 　　　　　
the river.
②They walked 　　　　　the forest.
③He walked 　　　　　the post office.
through 表示“穿过”,即从内部穿过
past 表示“从……旁边经过”
(4) between 用于两者之间 ①The Pacific Ocean is_________ 　　　　　
Asia and America.
②Look！Miss Li is sitting______ 　　　　　
the ten students.
among 表示“在……中间”,用于三者或三者以上的
across
through
past
between
among
3. 表示方式、手段等的介词
介词 用法 例子
by 表示方式、手段、交通工具等 (1)He relaxes himself________________ 　　　　　
listening to music.
on 表示“依靠……”或通过电子方式等 (2)His grandma does the washing______ 　　　　　
her own.
with 表示“用……工具”或“用人体的部位”；without没有,缺乏 (3)I like to write 　　　　　my left hand.
in 表示用方法、材料、声音、语言等 (4)Please tell the story _______________　　　　　
English.
through 表示“用,通过……方式”,后接抽象名词 (5)She achieved great success__________ 　　　　
hard work.
by
on
with
in
through
4. 表示运动方向的介词
序号 介词 用法 例子
(1) up 指向上运动 ①The cat climbed 　　　　　(向上)the tree.
②Tom fell 　　　　　　from the tree.
=Tom fell 　　　　　　the tree.
down 指向下运动
off 表示“从……离开”
“从……掉下来”
up
down
off
序号 介词 用法 例子
(2) into 指对内的运动,表示“进入……之内”“到……里面去”,常与表示动作的动词如come, go, run, fall, rush等连用 ①The child fell 　　　　　　the river.
②He ran 　　　　　　the room just now.
③Sam got 　　　　　　the house when there was a fire.
out of 指对外的运动,表示“从……里面出来”
into
into / out of
out of
5. 表示其他意义的介词
序号 介词 用法 例子
(1) against 表示“倚靠,碰撞,反对,对抗,以防” ①We will play 　　　　the Lakers this week.
②All the buildings are excellent
　　　　this one.
③All the buildings are excellent
　　　 　their location(位置).
④He has another car_________ 　　　　
this.
(2) except 表示“除……以外”,所排除的内容与主语往往是同一类的
(3) except for 所排除的内容与主语往往非同一类的
(4) besides 表示“除……以外”还有,所接内容与主语是同类
against
except
except for
besides
二、易错点突破
1. 容易误用介词的情况
(1)在here, there, home, upstairs, downstairs等副词前不加介词。
(2)在以this, that, last, next, every, one等开头的时间状语前不加介词。
(3)在today, yesterday, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow等时间状语前不加介词。
2. 介词后面的宾语
介词后面的宾语通常是名词、代词(宾格)或动名词。如：
(1)谢谢你的帮助。Thanks for 　　　　　　.
(2)对我来说,完成这项任务很困难。It’s difficult for 　　　　　　to finish the task.
(3)她擅长讲故事。She is good at 　　　　 　　.
your help
me
telling stories
3. 表示地点的介词in, on 和 to的区别
(1)in表示“在……范围内”,还表示“在……之中”。
如：中国在亚洲东部。China is 　　　　　　the east of Asia.
(2)on表示“与……毗邻,接壤”,还有表示“在……之上”,强调和表面接触。
如：广东省在广西的东南边。Guangdong Province is____________
the southeast of Guangxi.
(3)to表示方位,不接壤。
如：Haikou lies to the south of Guangzhou. 海口在广州的南边。
日本在中国的东边。Japan is 　　　　　　the east of China.
in
on
to
4. 表示交通方式的介词by, in和on的区别
(1)当不涉及表示交通工具的名词时,或当直接加表示交通工具的单数名词时,用介词by,如by sea, by air, by plane, by bus。
(2)当表示交通工具的名词前有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语时用介词on或in,如on my bike, in a car等。如：
①He usually goes to school 　　　　　　his father’s car.
②I go to work 　　　　　　No. 138 bus every day.
③It’s convenient to get to Xiamen 　　　　　　train from here.
in
on
by
满分突破
MAN FEN TU PO
PART TWO
02
一、介词和介词短语在语法选择中的考查
介词和介词短语在语法选择中主要考查固定搭配以及介词的具体意思。
1. (2023·广东中考·34题)They had a taste of what it was like to travel 　　　　space.
A. on　 B. in　 C. for
B
2. (2022·广东中考·31题)She was born and raised 　　　　a village in Hebei province.
A. in　 B. for　 C. with
3. (2021·广州中考·4题)I feel very sorry 　　　　him.
A. of　 B. on　 C. for　 D. with
A
C
4. (2021·广东中考·34题)The bridge runs 　　　　two mountains.
A. at　 B. under　 C. among　 D. between
5. (2020·广州·6题)Early 　　　　a sunny morning, David and his donkeys stop at a river to drink.
A. in　 B. on　 C. at　 D. for
D
B
6. (2020·广东中考·31题)One day, her teacher went into the classroom 　　　　some kites.
A. to　 B. in　 C. with　 D. by
C
二、介词和介词短语在短文填空中的考查
介词和介词短语在短文填空中主要考查固定搭配以及根据上下文意思确定所缺介词。
1.
(2023·广东中考·70题)As time went 　　　　, the forms of toothbrushes changed.
2. (2022·广东中考·69题)Tea is mostly produced 　　　　Asian countries like China and India.
it　either　be　because　what　else　by　invent　clean　popular　habit　hundred
by
in
3. (2021·广东中考·67题)He is William, an American who has lived in China 　　　　33 years. His Chinese name is Pan Weilian.
4. (2020· 广东中考·67 题)Jane took part in a winter camp ________　　　　the age of eight.
for
at
真题链接
ZHEN TI LIAN JIE
PART THREE
03
(　　)1. — 　　　　my surprise, the restaurant is a actually very nice.
— The service is also great. (2023·十堰市)
A. In B. At C. On D. To
D
(　　)2. The four pandas in Chongqing Zoo were born on the same day 　　　　2019.
(2023·青海省)
A. on B. at　　 C. in
C
(　　)3. Bees (蜜蜂) can help plants grow. 　　　　 bees,we wouldn’t have enough food.
(2023·东营市)
A. From B. Like C. Except　　　 D. Without
D
(　　)4. The travellers set out for the airport 　　　　7 o’clock in the morning. (2023·盘锦市)
A. on B. to　　 C. at　 D. of
(　　)5. No one helped me. I did it all 　　　　myself. (2023·徐州市)
A. for B. of C. by D. about
C
C
(　　)6. — Where’s Jenny？ I can’t see her.
— Maybe she is hiding 　　　　the door. (2023·益阳市)
A. under　　 B. between C. behind
C
(　　)7. My father goes back to Nanjing for the Spring Festival every year 　　　　last year because he was busy with his work in Changzhou. (2023·常州市)
A. including B. since C. except　　　 D. till
C
(　　)8. The twenty-fourth Olympic Winter Games were held 　
　　　 February 2nd,2022. Many people watched them 　　　　TV. (2023·甘南自治州)
A. in； on　　 B. in； in C. on； on
C
(　　)9. Do whatever you can for the community,　　　　 looking after the old or teaching kids art. (2023·安徽省)
A. with　 B. under　　 C. like　　 D. over
(　　)10. 　　　　 the teacher’s help, I have made much progress. (2023·丹东市)
A. Thanks to B. As for C. Such as D. Up to
C
A
模拟突破
MO NI TU PO
PART FOUR
04
语法选择(主要考查介词)(2023·河源市一模改编)
　As a captain, Messi led his national football team to win the 2022 World Cup. He became one of the 　1　football players in the world.
Messi was born 　2　 June 24,1987 in Argentina. However, his childhood was unusual, 　3　 he had a special disease which stopped him from growing tall. It was such bad news to him and his family. But Messi never gave 　4　 training. Thanks to Messi’s talent 　5　 football, Barcelona (巴塞罗那) Club wanted to pay the cost of treatment. Messi and his father 　6　 home to go to Spain.
After long-term treatments, Messi grew to 1. 69 meters in 2003. Then he showed excellent talent in playing football and scored goals for 　7　 club. In 2005,Messi won the European Golden Boy. He helped his country win the gold medal in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. In 2009, Messi 　8　 to be the World Footballer of the Year. Until he left Barcelona, he helped his team win a lot of matches and made the club run very 　9　.
Messi’s talent and hard work helped him beat his disease. We say Messi is a great man not just because he 　10　 play football very well. He is always ready to help the poor kids. Messi was offered the Champion (冠军) for Peace of the Year Award in 2020.
(　　)1. A. great B. greater C. greatest
(　　)2. A. at B. on C. in
(　　)3. A. because B. though C. unless
(　　)4. A. up B. out C. away
(　　)5. A. at B. on C. for
(　　)6. A. leave B. left C. is leaving
(　　)7. A. a B. an C. the
(　　)8. A. chose B. was chosen C. was choosing
(　　)9. A. well B. better　 C. best
(　　)10. A. can B. may C. must
C
B
A
A
C
B
C
B
A
A