人教版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration动词不定式作定语和状语-期末挑重点】学案（含答案）
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2023-2024学年高一英语下学期期末专项复习(人教版版2019)
专题15 必修三 Unit 4 动词不定式作定语和状语
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等，但不能作谓语。
一、动词不定式作定语
不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作。 动词不定式作定语与被修饰的词之间有一定的逻辑关系。这些关系常见的有三种。
1. 不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
1) He told me he had a composition to write. 他告诉我他有一篇作文要写。
2) I want to get something to drink. 我想喝点东西。
注意：由上述例句得知，此时的不定式必须是及物动词。如果是不及物动词，其后就带一个结构或含义上所需要的介词。
1) Will you please bring me a chair to sit in 请给我拿把椅子来坐好吗？
2) She has nothing to worry about. 她没有什么可担心的事。
2. 不定式与被修饰的名词或不定代词有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1) He was the last one to arrive. 他是最后一个到达的人。
2) Is there anyone to take care of the child 有人照顾这个孩子吗？
注意：例句中的不定式动作的逻辑主语分别是one和anyone。此时的不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。
Among the men to take part in the work(＝Among the men who are to take part in the work), he is probably the most active. 在参加这项工作的人当中，他可能是最活跃的。
3. 不定式所修饰的词在意义上通常是用于不定式所做某种事情的。
1) We have got a new way to kill field mice. 我们找到了一种杀死田鼠的新方法。
2) I think he will have a chance to go to his hometown. 我认为他有机会去他的家乡。
注意：可以看出，way是用来to kill field mice，chance是用来 to go to his hometown。因此，这种类型的不定式译法较灵活，可译作“……的”或“来/去……”等。
She has no time to see the film. 她没有时间去看那部电影。
4. 几点用法
1) 不定式作定语，修饰the first，the last，the third等，中心词为不定式的执行者时用to do(主动式)，中心词为不定式承受者时用to be done(被动式)。
The newspaper reporter was the last to walk out of the cave. 那位报社记者是最后一个走出山洞的。
This is the third question to be discussed. 这是要讨论的第三个问题。
2) 中心词是由动词派生的名词，原动词常用不定式作宾语，此类名词有wish，decision，refusal，arrangement，intention，agreement，hope，need，plan，promise，failure，attempt等。
They made a decision to put off the meeting until next week. 他们做出了把会议推迟到下个星期的决定。
He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall. 他表达了参观长城的愿望。
He made a promise to be a good boy. 他许诺要做一个好孩子。
There is no need to build a dam on the small river. 没有必要在这条小河上筑坝。
3) 中心词是由形容词派生的名词，原形容词常用不定式作状语，此类名词有ability，eagerness，anxiety，patience，willingness等。
A good teacher must have the ability to make himself understood. 一个好老师必须有让别人理解自己的能力。
4) 名词本身是抽象名词，常用不定式解释其中的内容，此类名词有chance，plan，means，courage，effort，measure，movement，opportunity，power，reason，right，skill，strength，struggle，idea，way，approach等。
In our country，everyone has the right to go to school. 在我们国家，每个人都有上学的权利。
He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting. 他有一种奇特的方法使他的课生动有趣。
5) 中心词是不定式的执行者，动词不定式应后于谓语或在未来发生。
He had no photographs to remind him of the past. 他没有照片来回忆过去。
We are in need of nurses to look after the patients. 我们需要护士照顾病人。
Is there anybody to carry on the work 有人继续做这项工作吗？
6) 中心词是不定式的承受者，不定式应该是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语，不定式通常不能带宾语。不定式的执行者是句子的主语、间接宾语或泛指的人，用主动式to do；强调不定式另有一个执行者，用被动式to be done。
I have a letter to post, so I can’t go to swim with you. 我有一封信要寄，所以我不能和你一起去游泳。
I have a letter to be posted. Can you help me 我有一封信要寄出去，你能帮我吗？
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，应有必要的介词。
She has a lot of things to attend to. 她有许多事情要处理。
Is there something to be ashamed of 这有什么值得羞愧的吗？
He is looking for a room to live in. 他正在找房间住。
I have nothing really to complain about. 我真的没什么好抱怨的。
注意：
①中心词如果是time，place，way，不定式可省略后面的介词。如：He is looking for a place to live (in)．
②在There be句型中，to do和 to be done在多数情况下语义相同。如：There is a lot to be said / to say about the subject.
7) 合成词可作前置定语。
如：well-to-do family，this never-to-be-forgotten day，wait-and-see attitude，an easy-to-use book，do-or-die policy，difficult-to-solve problem，take-home pay，go-to-meeting clothes等。
二、动词不定式作状语
1. 动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果要强调目的性，也可以在动词不定式之前加in order或so as，但是so as to不用于句首。
1) To pass the college entrance examination, we must work hard. 为了通过高考，我们必须努力学习。
2) The bus stopped in order to / so as to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。
2. 动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语表示令人意外的结果。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane had taken off. 汤姆乘公交车去了机场，却发现发要乘坐的飞机已经起飞了。
3. 动词不定式作原因状语
1) 常用语“主语(人)+系动词+形容词(过去分词)+to do”结构中。
形容词或过去分词作表语时，后接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍然保持着最初的样子。
2) 常用于“主语(物)+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。
这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous等，表示主语特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，常用主动形式表示被动含义。
The morning air is so good to breath that he gets up early every day. 早上的空气呼吸器来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。
即学即练
I 单句语法填空
1. Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something _______(make)your visit truly memorable.
2. ________ (enjoy)the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
3. Jennifer Mauer became the first in her large family_______(earn) bachelor’s degree.
4. ___________ (test)the effect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments.
5. Friedman points out that the green economy is a chance (keep)American strength.
6. Fortunately, after brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough _________(allow)to leave and later the family met up for dinner.
7. was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train_________(catch).
8. Major theme parks in Japan have been closed since as early as February________(stop)the spread of COVID-19.
Ⅱ 完成句子
1. (2019全国Ⅱ)我写信就是想通知你下周五我们学校有一场排球赛。
I am writing ________________________there will be a volleyball match in our school next Friday.
2. 为了丰富学生们的校园生活,学生会在周六下午举办了一场创意诗歌比赛。
____________________________, the Student Union held a creative poetry competition on Saturday afternoon.
3. 多亏了你的鼓励,我终于获得了面对挑战的勇气
Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage_______________________.
4. 最后一个离开的人将关灯锁门。
_________________________will turn off the light and lock the door.
5. 得知你对中国传统文化感兴趣,我非常高兴。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
III 语法填空
China has become the first country 1 (land)a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess- 2 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken- basin Landing on the moon’s far side is 3 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 4 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has lot of deep craters(环形山), more so 5 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang’e-4 6 (find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin “This really excites scientists.”
Carle Pieters, scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance 7 (obtain) information about how the moon 8 (construct).” Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 9 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether. 10 (it) plans for future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
即学即练参考答案
Part I 单句语法填空
1. to see; to make句意:不管你的年龄和兴趣是什么, Buxton都有一些可看可做的东西让你的参观难忘。 to see作后置定语修饰 something to make作目的状语。
2. To enjoy句意:为了享受数字支付的便利,很多老年人开始使用智能手机。 to enjoy作目的状语。
3. to earn句意: Jennifer Mauer成了她的大家庭第一个获得学士学位的人 the first to do sth.第一个做某事的人。
4. To test句意:为了检验社交影响对饮食习惯的影响,研究人员进行了两个实验。此处不定式作目的状语。
5. to keep句意: Friedman指出绿色经济是保持美国实力的机会 to keep作后置定语修饰 chance
6. to be allowed句意:幸运的是,本在医院待了一小段时间就康复得很好,能出院了,然后一家人一起吃了晚餐。此处为 enough to do sth.结构;动词 allow与主语之间为被动关系,所以用 to be allowed
7. to catch句意:整个会议期间,我一直在看表,因为我要赶火车。 to catch作后置定语修饰 train
8. to stop句意:为了阻止新冠肺炎的传播,日本的大型主题公园早在二月份就关闭了。to stop作目的状语。
Ⅱ 完成句子
1. to inform you that
2. To enrich students’ school life
3. to face the challenge
4. The last one to leave
5. I am delighted to learn that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture.
III 语法填空
语篇解读本文主要介绍了中国的嫦娥四号探测器成功在月球背面着陆。
1. to land考查非谓语动词。 the first+n.+ to do sth. 第一个的,其中不定式作后置定语。
2. touched考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知, touch在句中作谓语,由时间状语 last week可知,应用一般过去时,故填 touched.
3. extremely考查词性转换。空后的 challenging意为“具有挑战性的”,是形容词,故空格处应填副词。故填 extremely.
4. where考查定语从句。空格处引导定语从句,且在从句中作状语,先行词spot表示地点,故填 where.
5. than考查比较级。根据句意可知,月球背面比月球正面有更多的深坑。故填than.
6. to find考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,空格处需用动词不定式表目的。故填 to find, use...to do sth.用…做…。
7. to obtain考查非谓语动词。 the chance to do sth.做某事的机会。动词不定式作后置定语。
8. is constructed考查时态及语态。根据句意可知,空格处需用一般现在时表示客观存在,且 the moon与 construct为被动关系。故填 is constructed.
9. much考查固定搭配。ice为不可数名词, much用来修饰不可数名词。故填much.
10. its考查形容词性物主代词。空格处修饰名词 plans,需用形容词性物主代词。故填its.
专题15 必修三 Unit 4 动词不定式作定语和状语
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等，但不能作谓语。
一、动词不定式作定语
不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作。 动词不定式作定语与被修饰的词之间有一定的逻辑关系。这些关系常见的有三种。
1. 不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
1) He told me he had a composition to write. 他告诉我他有一篇作文要写。
2) I want to get something to drink. 我想喝点东西。
注意：由上述例句得知，此时的不定式必须是及物动词。如果是不及物动词，其后就带一个结构或含义上所需要的介词。
1) Will you please bring me a chair to sit in 请给我拿把椅子来坐好吗？
2) She has nothing to worry about. 她没有什么可担心的事。
2. 不定式与被修饰的名词或不定代词有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1) He was the last one to arrive. 他是最后一个到达的人。
2) Is there anyone to take care of the child 有人照顾这个孩子吗？
注意：例句中的不定式动作的逻辑主语分别是one和anyone。此时的不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。
Among the men to take part in the work(＝Among the men who are to take part in the work), he is probably the most active. 在参加这项工作的人当中，他可能是最活跃的。
3. 不定式所修饰的词在意义上通常是用于不定式所做某种事情的。
1) We have got a new way to kill field mice. 我们找到了一种杀死田鼠的新方法。
2) I think he will have a chance to go to his hometown. 我认为他有机会去他的家乡。
注意：可以看出，way是用来to kill field mice，chance是用来 to go to his hometown。因此，这种类型的不定式译法较灵活，可译作“……的”或“来/去……”等。
She has no time to see the film. 她没有时间去看那部电影。
4. 几点用法
1) 不定式作定语，修饰the first，the last，the third等，中心词为不定式的执行者时用to do(主动式)，中心词为不定式承受者时用to be done(被动式)。
The newspaper reporter was the last to walk out of the cave. 那位报社记者是最后一个走出山洞的。
This is the third question to be discussed. 这是要讨论的第三个问题。
2) 中心词是由动词派生的名词，原动词常用不定式作宾语，此类名词有wish，decision，refusal，arrangement，intention，agreement，hope，need，plan，promise，failure，attempt等。
They made a decision to put off the meeting until next week. 他们做出了把会议推迟到下个星期的决定。
He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall. 他表达了参观长城的愿望。
He made a promise to be a good boy. 他许诺要做一个好孩子。
There is no need to build a dam on the small river. 没有必要在这条小河上筑坝。
3) 中心词是由形容词派生的名词，原形容词常用不定式作状语，此类名词有ability，eagerness，anxiety，patience，willingness等。
A good teacher must have the ability to make himself understood. 一个好老师必须有让别人理解自己的能力。
4) 名词本身是抽象名词，常用不定式解释其中的内容，此类名词有chance，plan，means，courage，effort，measure，movement，opportunity，power，reason，right，skill，strength，struggle，idea，way，approach等。
In our country，everyone has the right to go to school. 在我们国家，每个人都有上学的权利。
He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting. 他有一种奇特的方法使他的课生动有趣。
5) 中心词是不定式的执行者，动词不定式应后于谓语或在未来发生。
He had no photographs to remind him of the past. 他没有照片来回忆过去。
We are in need of nurses to look after the patients. 我们需要护士照顾病人。
Is there anybody to carry on the work 有人继续做这项工作吗？
6) 中心词是不定式的承受者，不定式应该是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语，不定式通常不能带宾语。不定式的执行者是句子的主语、间接宾语或泛指的人，用主动式to do；强调不定式另有一个执行者，用被动式to be done。
I have a letter to post, so I can’t go to swim with you. 我有一封信要寄，所以我不能和你一起去游泳。
I have a letter to be posted. Can you help me 我有一封信要寄出去，你能帮我吗？
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，应有必要的介词。
She has a lot of things to attend to. 她有许多事情要处理。
Is there something to be ashamed of 这有什么值得羞愧的吗？
He is looking for a room to live in. 他正在找房间住。
I have nothing really to complain about. 我真的没什么好抱怨的。
注意：
①中心词如果是time，place，way，不定式可省略后面的介词。如：He is looking for a place to live (in)．
②在There be句型中，to do和 to be done在多数情况下语义相同。如：There is a lot to be said / to say about the subject.
7) 合成词可作前置定语。
如：well-to-do family，this never-to-be-forgotten day，wait-and-see attitude，an easy-to-use book，do-or-die policy，difficult-to-solve problem，take-home pay，go-to-meeting clothes等。
二、动词不定式作状语
1. 动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果要强调目的性，也可以在动词不定式之前加in order或so as，但是so as to不用于句首。
1) To pass the college entrance examination, we must work hard. 为了通过高考，我们必须努力学习。
2) The bus stopped in order to / so as to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。
2. 动词不定式作结果状语
动词不定式作结果状语表示令人意外的结果。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane had taken off. 汤姆乘公交车去了机场，却发现发要乘坐的飞机已经起飞了。
3. 动词不定式作原因状语
1) 常用语“主语(人)+系动词+形容词(过去分词)+to do”结构中。
形容词或过去分词作表语时，后接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍然保持着最初的样子。
2) 常用于“主语(物)+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。
这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous等，表示主语特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，常用主动形式表示被动含义。
The morning air is so good to breath that he gets up early every day. 早上的空气呼吸器来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。
即学即练
I 单句语法填空
1. Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something _______(make)your visit truly memorable.
2. ________ (enjoy)the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
3. Jennifer Mauer became the first in her large family_______(earn) bachelor’s degree.
4. ___________ (test)the effect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments.
5. Friedman points out that the green economy is a chance (keep)American strength.
6. Fortunately, after brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough _________(allow)to leave and later the family met up for dinner.
7. was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train_________(catch).
8. Major theme parks in Japan have been closed since as early as February________(stop)the spread of COVID-19.
Ⅱ 完成句子
1. (2019全国Ⅱ)我写信就是想通知你下周五我们学校有一场排球赛。
I am writing ________________________there will be a volleyball match in our school next Friday.
2. 为了丰富学生们的校园生活,学生会在周六下午举办了一场创意诗歌比赛。
____________________________, the Student Union held a creative poetry competition on Saturday afternoon.
3. 多亏了你的鼓励,我终于获得了面对挑战的勇气
Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage_______________________.
4. 最后一个离开的人将关灯锁门。
_________________________will turn off the light and lock the door.
5. 得知你对中国传统文化感兴趣,我非常高兴。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
III 语法填空
China has become the first country 1 (land)a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess- 2 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken- basin Landing on the moon’s far side is 3 (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 4 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has lot of deep craters(环形山), more so 5 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang’e-4 6 (find)and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin “This really excites scientists.”
Carle Pieters, scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance 7 (obtain) information about how the moon 8 (construct).” Data about the moon’s composition, such as how 9 ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether. 10 (it) plans for future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
即学即练参考答案
Part I 单句语法填空
1. to see; to make句意:不管你的年龄和兴趣是什么, Buxton都有一些可看可做的东西让你的参观难忘。 to see作后置定语修饰 something to make作目的状语。
2. To enjoy句意:为了享受数字支付的便利,很多老年人开始使用智能手机。 to enjoy作目的状语。
3. to earn句意: Jennifer Mauer成了她的大家庭第一个获得学士学位的人 the first to do sth.第一个做某事的人。
4. To test句意:为了检验社交影响对饮食习惯的影响,研究人员进行了两个实验。此处不定式作目的状语。
5. to keep句意: Friedman指出绿色经济是保持美国实力的机会 to keep作后置定语修饰 chance
6. to be allowed句意:幸运的是,本在医院待了一小段时间就康复得很好,能出院了,然后一家人一起吃了晚餐。此处为 enough to do sth.结构;动词 allow与主语之间为被动关系,所以用 to be allowed
7. to catch句意:整个会议期间,我一直在看表,因为我要赶火车。 to catch作后置定语修饰 train
8. to stop句意:为了阻止新冠肺炎的传播,日本的大型主题公园早在二月份就关闭了。to stop作目的状语。
Ⅱ 完成句子
1. to inform you that
2. To enrich students’ school life
3. to face the challenge
4. The last one to leave
5. I am delighted to learn that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture.
III 语法填空
语篇解读本文主要介绍了中国的嫦娥四号探测器成功在月球背面着陆。
1. to land考查非谓语动词。 the first+n.+ to do sth. 第一个的,其中不定式作后置定语。
2. touched考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知, touch在句中作谓语,由时间状语 last week可知,应用一般过去时,故填 touched.
3. extremely考查词性转换。空后的 challenging意为“具有挑战性的”,是形容词,故空格处应填副词。故填 extremely.
4. where考查定语从句。空格处引导定语从句,且在从句中作状语,先行词spot表示地点,故填 where.
5. than考查比较级。根据句意可知,月球背面比月球正面有更多的深坑。故填than.
6. to find考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,空格处需用动词不定式表目的。故填 to find, use...to do sth.用…做…。
7. to obtain考查非谓语动词。 the chance to do sth.做某事的机会。动词不定式作后置定语。
8. is constructed考查时态及语态。根据句意可知,空格处需用一般现在时表示客观存在,且 the moon与 construct为被动关系。故填 is constructed.
9. much考查固定搭配。ice为不可数名词, much用来修饰不可数名词。故填much.
10. its考查形容词性物主代词。空格处修饰名词 plans,需用形容词性物主代词。故填its.