牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balance培优提能限时练(一)（含答案）

Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The Science of the Antarctic：An Exploration by Air and Sea
2023,7 days
Join New Scientist for an interesting trip exploring the world’s largest ocean preserve and most original sea ecosystem.
Day 1: Arrive into Punta Arenas (Chile)
Arrive into Punta Arenas，where you will be met and transported to the group hotel.Punta Arenas lies at the foot of the Andes with noticeable views across the Strait of Magellan to Tierra del Fuego.It is Patagonia’s liveliest and most interesting city.Everything in the town is within walking distance.
Days 2－3: Observe Elephant Island
While sailing around the White Continent，huge icebergs announce your arrival in Antarctic waters.Observe Elephant Island，where the shipwrecked(遭遇海难的) worker of Shackleton found shelter while he and five finest men carried on towards South Georgia in a tiny lifeboat.The guides will explain the story.Stormy conditions hardly allow for ashore landing，but you will still see the historic island from the ship.
Days 4－6: Explore South Georgia
Tour the protected waters of South Georgia.The wildlife on South Georgia is rich，especially the birdlife.Visits to a rookery containing 150,000 king penguins or the nesting home of thousands of black-browed albatrosses are remarkable wildlife experiences.If the weather is favourable，visits to Fortuna Bay，Salisbury Plains，Prion Island，and Elsehul Bay are also planned.
Day 7: Depart Santiago
After breakfast，the tour has finished and you can fly home or spend a few days in the fascinating capital city of Santiago.Talk to our specialists about extending your holiday—we are experts in creating tailor-made holidays in this area.
Contact us at tours@ for more information.
1．What can be learned about Punta Arenas
A．It lies outside Patagonia.
B．It is a small town.
C．It is far from the Andes.
D．It has a long history.
2．What will visitors do on Days 2－3 of the trip
A．Land on Elephant Island.
B．Search for a historic shelter.
C．Explore the remains of a famous ship.
D．Listen to the story of Antarctic adventure.
3．When can visitors watch birds
A．On Day 1. B．On Days 2－3.
C．On Days 4－6. D．On Day 7.
B
In 2022，a $2.10 billion energy storage project called Nant de Drance opened in Valais，Switzerland.The project，which some people call a “water battery(电池)”，can store more energy than 400,000 car batteries.
The system works by gravity.There are two large water reservoirs high in the Swiss Alps.One is much higher than the other.The two are connected by a system of underground passages.When there is too much electricity，Nant de Drance can use that energy to send water from the lower reservoir to the upper one.To produce power，water goes down from the upper reservoir.Gravity pulls the water down into the passages，where it rushes through six large turbines.They produce electricity.
Though the system is quite a simple one，building it took 14 years and a lot of effort.The upper reservoir had to be doubled in size.Workers had to create 10.5 miles of large underground passages connecting the two reservoirs.That meant carving out huge amounts of rock from inside the mountains.The turbines are located over a third of a mile underground.
As the world turns more and more to renewable energy sources，being able to store energy is very important.Unlike oil，gas，or coal，many renewable energy sources only work some of the time and can not be burned to create energy any time.Solar panels only work when the sun is shining，for example.Wind turbines only create energy when the wind is blowing.Renewable energy must be stored if it’s going to be ready to use at any time.
Using water to store and create energy isn’t a new idea.But in the past，many water storage projects seriously changed or damaged rivers.Because Nant de Drance is almost completely underground，it’s caused little damage to the local environment.
4．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．How Nant de Drance works.
B．What Nant de Drance is like.
C．What effects the reservoirs have.
D．How gravity influences power production.
5．Which word best describes the building of Nant de Drance system
A．Easy. B．Demanding.
C．Time-saving. D．Effortless.
6．How does the author explain the necessity of storing renewable energy
A．By giving a description.
B．By telling stories.
C．By presenting research findings.
D．By using examples.
7．What is one of the advantages of Nant de Drance
A．It can survive longer.
B．It’s a completely new idea.
C．It’s environmentally friendly.
D．It can store energy more quickly.
C
A new rule has been passed that will protect more than 50 of the world’s shark species，many of which are endangered.The rule was signed by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)，which manages how people deal in plants and animals.Most of the world’s countries are members of CITES.The rule puts 60 shark species under the protection of CITES.
One of the reasons sharks are endangered is that they are hunted for their fins，which are used in shark fin soup.The sharks that are hunted most for their fins include blue and tiger sharks，which are regarded as dangerous creatures.Thanks to this agreement，around 95% of sharks that people catch for their fins are now protected.This means that anyone trying to buy or sell these types of sharks must present an official document.These official documents will only be offered to people or companies who have proved to scientists that their business doesn’t endanger wildlife or damage the ocean.
Conservationists(环保主义者) hope the deal will protect biodiversity in the sea.Sharks matter a great deal for this because they are usually apex animals that hunt，kill and eat other animals.That means they are at the highest point of the food chain—in other words，nothing else eats them.If sharks were to disappear，it would seriously impact sea life lower down the food chain，as some species’ numbers would increase fast.This could affect the weak balance of all sea life.
All biologists are not in favor of the new rule.They think that making it harder to fish for sharks will make their fins even more expensive，which would in turn encourage illegal fishing.However，Shawn Heinrichs from Only One，a group that campaigns to protect the ocean，called it “The biggest win in the history of ocean species”．
8.Why is the new rule made
A．To control the trade in sharks.
B．To protect biodiversity in the sea.
C．To ban people from fishing for sharks.
D．To protect endangered plants and animals.
9．What does the underlined word “apex” probably mean in paragraph 3
A．Frightening. B．Major.
C．Dangerous. D．Top.
10．What can be inferred about the new rule from the last paragraph
A．It can prevent illegal fishing.
B．It is debatable.
C．It does wonders for ocean species.
D．It is criticized by all the biologists.
11．What can be the best title for this text
A．Nations Sign Up to Save Sharks
B．CITES Aims to Protect Ocean Species
C．Sharks: Dangerous or Endangered
D．New Rules Benefit Biodiversity in the Ocean
D
Have you ever noticed the birdsong you used to wake up to as a child has been thinning Such has been the case in Australia for the endangered eastern bristlebird，with its numbers declining dramatically in the past 40 years.
At first glance，there is nothing too unique about the eastern bristlebird.Its song，while beautiful，doesn’t stand out in a typical Australian forest.Since the 1980s，researchers have been trying to understand why the eastern bristlebird has seen such rapid decline.Time and again，fires taking place unexpectedly come up as the main factor—along with the increase in fire frequency，climate change and habitat loss.
Fire can be deadly for many wild animals，but there is something special about the bristlebird that makes it particularly vulnerable(易受……伤害的) to large，frequent fires.Eastern bristlebirds，despite being able to fly，appear not to appreciate the view of a top story.They don’t choose to live in the treetops，or even on lower branches of trees.They prefer low，dense vegetation(植被)．
This habitat structure is important for many small animals even less noticeable than the bristlebird，such as spiders，beetles and worms.This means the bristlebird can act like an indicator how the entire understory ecosystem is doing.Unfortunately，low，dense vegetation is often the first to burn and disappear during a fire.Worse still，it takes years for an understory to recover fully.
The eastern bristlebird may only be one fire away from extinction，signaling a possible collapse of their ground-level ecosystem.However，all hope was not lost as this knowledge had led to emergency rescues of bristlebirds.And translocation programs，which have been an important strategy for saving almost every vulnerable native Australian species，are in place for this little unremarkable bird.
12．What do we know about the eastern bristlebird from the passage
A．It can not fly high.
B．It has unique appearance.
C．Its song is highly appreciated.
D．Its situation has attracted great attention.
13．Which is the main reason for bristlebirds’ decline
A．Unexpected fires.
B．Frequent fires.
C．Lack of habitat.
D．Global warming.
14．What makes bristlebird vulnerable to fires
A．Its importance in ecosystem.
B．Its appreciation for top story.
C．Its preference for low habitat.
D．Its influence on small animals.
15．What can we expect of bristlebirds in the future
A．Their decline is likely to slow down.
B．Their numbers will increase rapidly.
C．They may save the entire ecosystem.
D．They will disappear with one more fire.
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Trees give so much to the world.They create carbon dioxide and shade(荫凉)． 1 Trees are also a valuable resource.The wood they provide is used for buildings and other products we humans use and need.
Trees are so important that some people have made it their goal to protect them.We can call these people “tree hugger”．It describes people who support the protection of forests.Today，the term “tree hugger” describes a person who is an environmentalist. 2 For example，someone who wants to save a rare butterfly species or cut greenhouse gases could also be described as a tree hugger.
However，calling someone a “tree hugger” is not always seen as a praise. 3 “Tree hugger” described someone who was overly concerned about protecting trees，animals and other parts of the natural world.
Some tree huggers do go to extremes to protect trees.Take，for example，an American woman named Julia Lorraine Hill.For 738 days from December 10,1997 and December 18,1999，Hill lived in Luna，a Redwood tree in northern California’s Humboldt County.Luna is huge，measuring nearly 61 meters tall and about 12 meters across，which has stood in Humboldt County for more than 1,000 years. 4 So，Hill did what any extreme tree hugger would—she moved in! As the website explains，Hill’s main goal was “to bring international attention to the importance of protecting and restoring natural resources”．So，we can safely call Hill a tree hugger. 5
A．Human beings should all protect trees.
B．They provide shelter to animals and insects.
C．In earlier times，in fact，it was used as an insult(辱骂)．
D．And I’m sure that she would consider that the highest of praises.
E．They want to protect nature and the environment—but not just the trees.
F．Nowadays，the environmental problems are more serious than in the history.
G．But that did not stop the Pacific Lumber Company from wanting to cut it down.
培优提能限时练(一)
Ⅰ.
1．B　[推理判断题。根据Day 1: Arrive into Punta Arenas(Chile)部分中的“Everything in the town is within walking distance.”可知，这座市镇中的一切都在步行范围内，即这座市镇很小。故选B。]
2．D　[细节理解题。根据Days 2－3: Observe Elephant Island部分中第二、三句可知，游客在旅行的第2－3天会听到南极探险的故事。故选D。]
3．C　[细节理解题。根据Days 4－6: Explore South Georgia部分中的第二句可知，南乔治亚岛的野生动物丰富，尤其是鸟类，所以游客们可以在第4－6天欣赏鸟类。故选C。]
语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了瑞士历经14年终于建成了水能蓄电站Nant de Drance。
4．A　[段落大意题。根据第二段“The system works by gravity.There are two large water reservoirs...where it rushes through six large turbines.They produce electricity.”可知，第二段是关于Nant de Drance是如何工作的。故选A。]
5．B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Though the system is quite a simple one，building it took 14 years and a lot of effort.”可知，建造Nant de Drance是要求高的、费时费力的。故选B。]
6．D　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Solar panels only work when the sun is shining，for example.Wind turbines only create energy when the wind is blowing.”可推断出，作者主要是通过举例的方式来解释储存可再生能源的必要性。故选D。]
7．C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“it’s caused little damage to the local environment”可知，Nant de Drance工程是环保的。故选C。]
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一项新的国际协议，其目的是保护鲨鱼，维护海洋生物多样性。
8．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thanks to this agreement...anyone trying to buy or sell these types of sharks must present an official document.”可知，这一新规定是为了管理鲨鱼贸易的。故选A。]
9．D　[词义猜测题。根据画线单词后面的定语从句“that hunt，kill and eat other animals”以及下文“they are at the highest point of the food chain”可猜测，画线单词apex意为“顶级的”，与选项D“顶端的，顶级的”意思一致。故选D。]
10．B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“All biologists are not in favor of the new rule.”可以推断出新规定是有争议的。故选B。]
11．A　[标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，本文主要介绍了一项新签署的国际协议，旨在管理鲨鱼贸易，从而保护鲨鱼，维护海洋生物多样性。故选A。]
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了东刺莺鸟的数量迅速下降的原因以及人们准备拯救它的计划。
12．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中“Since the 1980s，researchers have been trying to understand why the eastern bristlebird has seen such rapid decline.”可知，东刺莺鸟数量迅速下降的情况引起了关注。故选D。]
13．A　[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，一再发生的意外火灾是刺莺鸟减少的主要因素。故选A。]
14．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段及第四段最后两句可知，刺莺鸟偏爱低处的栖息地使它更容易受到火灾的伤害。故选C。]
15．A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“all hope was not lost...are in place for this little unremarkable bird”可知，救援和迁移计划已为刺莺鸟准备就绪。由此推知，将来它们的减少趋势可能会放缓。故选A。]
Ⅱ.
1．B　[根据空前“They create carbon dioxide and shade(荫凉)．”以及空后“Trees are also a valuable resource.”可知，本段是在列举树木对世界的好处。B项“它们(树木)为动物和昆虫提供庇护”符合语境。故选B。]
2．E　[根据空后“For example，someone who wants to save a rare butterfly species or cut greenhouse gases could also be described as a tree hugger.”可知，“tree hugger”保护的不仅仅是树木，还有其他动植物和环境。E项符合题意。故选E。]
3．C　[根据空前一句可知，树木拥抱者并不一直是一个褒义词，根据空后一句可知，树木拥抱者曾经指的是那些过度忧心环境的人。C项承接上文，引出下文，且选项中的“it”指代的是上文的tree hugger。故选C。]
4．G　[根据空前“Luna is huge...1,000 years.”可知，Luna是一棵千年古树，根据空后“So，Hill did what any extreme tree hugger would—she moved in！”可知，此处讲的是希尔采取极端做法的原因，由此推断即使这棵树很大，也阻止不了有人想要砍它，所以希尔采取了极端做法。G项承接上文，引出下文。故选G。]
5．D　[根据前文“So，we can safely call Hill a tree hugger.”可知，此处讲的是对于希尔的行为的看法，D项“而我确信她会将此视为最高赞美”承接上文，且与第三段第一句相照应。故选D。]