牛津译林版（2019）必修三Unit 1 Nature in the balance Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points课时精练二（含答案）

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The extinction of some wildlife is due the bad climate.
2．Sadly，the storm in this region did a lot of damage the crops，causing a great loss.
3．Mankind has only one Earth，and it is home all countries.
4．I want to thank you in person for the impact you have had my life.
5．It is also hugely important for parents (know) which apps their children are using.
6．Today it is his turn (collect) the children from school in the community.
7．We will hold a meeting to discuss the plan length next week.
8．Judging his accent，he comes from the south of our country.
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．The area now 1,600 threatened species，including grizzly bears and jaguars.
2．As is known to us，frogs usually insects which eat leaves and fruit.
3．The local residents a lot of hardwood，damaging many birds’ homes.
4．Which one would you like to buy We have medals here for you to choose from.
5．China’s National Highway 318，from Shanghai to Tibet， the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．2019年，被称为“地球之肺”的亚马孙热带雨林发生了特大火灾。(break out)
known as the “lungs of the earth” in 2019.
2．火灾对生态系统造成了严重破坏。(do damage to)
3．碳排放可能导致全球变暖。(lead to)
4．实际上，近年来由于人类的活动，该雨林一直在遭到破坏。(due to)
In fact，
.
5．如果不被控制，这片美丽的雨林将从地球上消失。(disappear)
If it is not controlled，
.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
(2023·江苏泰州高一期中)
A new study says the Amazon rainforest is nearing a tipping point(临界点) in its decline that could see the biologically rich and diverse ecosystem turned into a savannah(热带草原)．
“The Amazon is losing its ability to recover from disturbances like drought and extreme weather.Deforestation and climate change are likely the main drivers of this decline，” study co-author Niklas Boers said in a statement.The researchers say they’ve found evidence of this decline across 75 percent of the Amazon.
“It’s worth reminding ourselves that if it gets to that tipping point and we commit to losing the Amazon rainforest，we will get significant feedback on global climate change，” said Timothy Lenton，a scientist and co-author of the study.
The research team looked at three decades’ worth of satellite data，paying close attention to trees and other plants after extreme events.The researchers concluded that the forest，which is essential for oxygen production and carbon sequestration(碳封存)，has been losing its resilience for the last two decades.
The researchers say the forest is nearing a tipping point，but the arrival date is unclear as a number of factors can push it closer to or farther from that edge.It’s just too challenging to estimate when the change may occur.But the scientists warn that once the tipping point has been crossed，the change could happen quickly.
The news comes after the Amazon recorded record levels of deforestation in Brazil in January.Animal agriculture is causing deforestation in the Amazon，as Brazil is now the world’s top beef exporter.Last November，the EU took steps to ban beef linked to deforestation.“What we propose is a pioneering initiative，” Virginijus Sinkevicius，the EU environment commissioner，said.“The EU action alone will not solve the problem.We also need major markets like the US to clean up their supply chain.”
1．What can we learn from the study
A．The Amazon rainforest is in danger of changing into grassland.
B．The Amazon rainforest has reached the point of no return.
C．Scientists are convinced that the change could happen quickly.
D．Scientists are unclear about what is responsible for the decline.
2．What does the underlined word “resilience” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．The ability to predict the future.
B．The ability to rise to challenges.
C．The ability to remain unchanged.
D．The ability to go back to normal.
3．What does the EU environment commissioner expect
A．Deforestation will become easy to deal with.
B．The export of beef should be banned.
C．More countries should join hands.
D．The EU should adopt strict measures.
4．What is the text likely to be
A．An adventure diary.
B．A scientific report.
C．An official proposal.
D．A biology textbook.
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2022·江苏无锡高一期末)
With the rise of social media in recent years，young people around the globe have easy access to shocking 1 about how we’re currently 2 to look after the Earth.Websites provide accessible information about 3 matters that quickly have millions of views，and links(链接) to new scientific information are easily 4 .But，it’s not just online research that uncovers the 5 ，and it’s not a distant threat either. 6 change is happening around us; our oceans are 30 percent more acidic(酸性的) and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second.
Of course，just because 7 people are now readily armed with such information doesn’t mean all 8 will eagerly listen to them.Many 9 young activists simply due to their age，and others still aren’t willing to see the environmental 10 we face，but that doesn’t mean a 11 can’t be made.
In fact，there are some 12 to being a young environmentalist.A study on participants aged 16－24 in the UN climate negotiations showed that adults thought of younger activists as being more 13 due to the lack of financial incentives(财务刺激)．Young activists not only aren’t 14 by busy schedules being forced on them，but they also have a simple-hearted view of what’s going on and，being 15 from politics，they often say what adults aren’t willing to.
1.A.inspiration B．information
C．knowledge D．feeling
2．A.failing B．continuing
C．managing D．attempting
3．A.financial B．political
C．environmental D．technical
4．A.shared B．added
C．included D．selected
5．A.secret B．history
C．source D．truth
6．A.Climate B．Population
C．Economic D．Scientific
7．A.senior B．eager
C．young D．local
8．A.children B．adults
C．scientists D．activists
9．A.eat away at B．let go of
C．attach importance to D．think little of
10．A.benefits B．protection
C．challenges D．education
11．A.difference B．decision
C．deal D．choice
12．A.limits B．advantages
C．keys D．purposes
13．A.friendly B．reliable
C．regular D．independent
14．A.supported B．treated
C．paid D．influenced
15．A.safe B．tired
C．free D．absent
Ⅵ.语法填空
The Sahara Desert is the world’s 1. (large) hot desert，located in North Africa.2. (it) area is about 3.5 million square miles.This 3. (make) it almost as large 4. the United States of America.
The Sahara Desert is famous for many large sand dunes(沙丘)，some of 5. can reach more than 600 feet high.
The Sahara Desert has been largely dry and with little plant life more than 5,000 years.Before this time，it was far wetter.This allowed more plants 6. (live) across the desert.There is evidence that many types of river animals have lived in the Sahara Desert.These have been found 7. (main) in southeast Algeria.
The climate of the Sahara Desert has changed over several thousands of years.The area is smaller than it was during the last ice age.It was the end of the last ice age that brought a high level of rainfall to the Sahara.This was between 8000 8. 6000 BCE.Since this time，the northern part of the Sahara has dried out.Though the southern Sahara still receives rain during rainy season，it is still 9. (little) than before.
Modern times have seen a few 10. (development) for the Sahara.One of these is that mines have been built to get the most from the natural resources (资源) within the area.
课时精练二
Ⅰ.1.to　2.to　3.to　4.on　5.to know　6.to collect　7.at　8．from/by
Ⅱ.1.is home to　2.feed on　3.cut down　4.a variety of
5．is known as
Ⅲ.
1．A huge fire broke out in the Amazon rainforest
2．The fire did serious damage to the ecosystem.
3．Carbon emissions may lead to global warming.
4．the rainforest has been being destroyed in recent years due to human activities
5．this beautiful rainforest will disappear from the earth
Ⅳ.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。新的研究表明，由于滥伐森林和气候变化，亚马孙雨林正逐渐退化。
1．A　[细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，从研究报告可以看出，亚马孙雨林正面临着变成草原的危险，故选A。]
2．D　[词义猜测题。根据第四段首句可知，专家是研究了三十年来森林在极端事件后的变化，结合画线词前的“has been losing its...”可知，森林在经历了极端事件后，已经无法完全恢复到之前的状态，故推测resilience与D项“回归正常的能力”意思接近，故选D。]
3．C　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We also need major markets like the US to clean up their supply chain.”可知，欧盟环境专员希望更多的国家和欧盟一起努力来应对这一问题，故选C。]
4．B　[文章体裁题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知，新的研究表明，亚马孙雨林正在接近其退化的临界点，文章主要介绍了该研究的方法和结论，故可推知，文章属于一篇科学报道，故选B。]
Ⅴ.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。随着社交媒体的发展，全球的年轻人能够接触到环境问题日益严重的惊人消息，并且能够成为保护环境的主力军。
1．B　[inspiration灵感；information信息；knowledge知识；feeling感觉。根据下文“Websites provide accessible information about”可知，在社交媒体上，年轻人们能够轻易获取一些信息。故选B。]
2．A　[fail不合格；continue继续；manage完成；attempt尝试。根据下文“our oceans are 30 percent more acidic(酸性的) and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second”可知，此处指我们目前并没有照顾好地球，保护好我们的环境。fail to do sth“未能做某事”。故选A。]
3．C　[financial财务的；political政治的；environmental环境的；technical技术的。根据下文“our oceans are 30 percent more acidic(酸性的)and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second”可知，网站提供的是一些关于环境问题的信息。故选C。]
4．A　[share共享，分享；add添加；include包括；select选择。根据空前“that quickly have millions of views”可知，这些信息拥有大量的关注者，而这些链接也很容易被分享。故选A。]
5．D　[secret秘密；history历史；source来源；truth真相。根据上文“young people around the globe have easy access to shocking ________ about how we’re currently ________ to look after the Earth”可知，环境问题日益严重，这并不是只在网上才被揭露的事实，也不是遥远的威胁。故选D。]
6．A　[climate气候；population人口；economic经济的；scientific科学的。根据下文“our oceans are 30 percent more acidic(酸性的) and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second”可知，气候的变化正在我们身边发生。故选A。]
7．C　[senior高级的；eager急切的；young年轻的；local地方的。根据上文“young people around the globe have easy access to shocking ____________”可知，此处指年轻人已经获取了这些信息。故选C。]
8．B　[根据下文“adults thought of younger activists as”可推知，此处表示成年人对年轻人的态度，虽然年轻人获取了这些信息，但是一些成年人并不愿意去倾听他们的想法。故选B。]
9．D　[eat away at(长期地)烦扰；let go of舍弃(感情、态度、控制权)；attach importance to重视；think little of不重视。根据下文“simply due to their age，and others still aren’t willing to see the environmental __________ we face”可知，因为年轻人岁数小，有些成年人就不重视他们。故选D。]
10．C　[benefit好处；protection保护；challenge挑战；education教育。根据上文“our oceans are 30 percent more acidic(酸性的)and one and a half acres of forest are cut down every second”可知，我们现在正面临着一些环境上的挑战，而有些成年人不愿意去面对。故选C。]
11．A　[根据表示转折的连词but可知，虽然一些成年人不重视年轻人的看法，但是这并不意味着他们不能产生影响。make a difference“起作用，产生影响”。故选A。]
12．B　[limit限制；advantage优势；key关键；purpose目的。根据下文“Young activists not only aren’t...they often say what adults aren’t willing to.”可知，年轻的环保主义者也有他们自己的优势。故选B。]
13．B　[friendly友好的；reliable可信赖的；regular规律的；independent独立的。根据空后“due to the lack of financial incentives(财务刺激)”可知，由于年轻人没有经济问题，他们更值得信赖。故选B。]
14．D　[support支持；treat处理；pay支付；influence影响。根据空后“by busy schedules being forced on them”可知，年轻人不用工作，所以不会被繁忙的工作日程所影响。故选D。]
15．C　[safe安全的；tired疲劳的；free自由的，不受……影响；absent缺席的。根据下文“they often say what adults aren’t willing to”可知，年轻人也不受政治的影响，所以他们经常说成年人不愿意说的话。故选C。]
Ⅵ.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了撒哈拉沙漠是位于北非的世界上最大的沙漠，并对相关情况进行了介绍。
1．largest　[考查最高级。“the＋形容词最高级”表示最……的。故填largest。]
2．Its　[考查形容词性物主代词。空后为area，应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词，指代撒哈拉沙漠。故填Its。]
3．makes　[考查动词时态和主谓一致。This作主语，且文章时态为一般现在时，所以用第三人称单数。故填makes。]
4．as　[考查固定句型。固定句型as...as...“和……一样”。故填as。]
5．which　[考查定语从句。分析句子可知，该句是非限定性定语从句，先行词是large sand dunes，表物。some of which表“其中的一部分”。故填which。]
6．to live　[考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”。所以填to live。]
7．mainly　[考查词性转换。分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰动词found。故填mainly。]
8．and　[考查连词。固定句型between...and...“在……到……之间”。故填and。]
9．less　[考查形容词的比较级。根据后文than可知，空处是进行比较，所以用比较级，little的比较级是less。故填less。]
10．developments　[考查名词复数。a few＋可数名词复数，意为“很多……”。development在此处指“发展势态，进展情况”，是可数名词，故填developments。]