牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balance Extended reading—Reading comprehension课时精练四（含答案）

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·江苏苏州高一联考)
William Lindesay，a famous Great Wall expert and conservationist，and his wife Wu Qi have traveled the globe by the back paths，providing their sons with a unique growing environment.Sun hats，backpacks and sneakers(运动鞋)—these are the day-to-day must-haves for the family.
Most of their trips seem far from relaxing—cultural study in the hot and dry desert，a 53-kilometer hiking tour of New Zealand，a one-day climb to three English mountaintops and a six-day train ride from Beijing to Moscow.
Many assume the family must be wealthy and can afford their global travel，but they are not.Lindesay says they just choose to spend money on travel and eschew pricey hotels and restaurants where possible.Lindesay mentions the trip to Moscow as an example.Instead of taking a taxi from the railway station to the hotel，they took the subway.“We crossed the city for saving money，communicated with local people，and saw they are people just like us，everywhere.We arrived at our destination feeling comfortable.”
However，their journeys，which can last weeks or months，have sometimes been inconsistent with their children’s schooling.Wu remembers once Lindesay let their elder son ask for leave so that they could go to New York for a 45-day lecture tour.Therefore the son missed his final exam.Things like that bother the family all the time.
Lindesay attaches great importance to learning out of the classroom，saying that children might score well on school tests，but traveling outside，in distant lands with different languages，cultures，and political structures，is the real test.“You can only get streetwise on the street.You can only get worldly-wise when seeing the world，” he says.
1．How can we describe the Lindesays’ trips
A．Pleasant. B．Traditional.
C．Challenging. D．Dangerous.
2．What does the underlined word “eschew” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Avoid. B．Visit.
C．Compare. D．Evaluate.
3．What problem does the family meet when traveling
A．They suffer from a tight budget.
B．They have scheduling conflicts.
C．They are faced with language barriers.
D．They hold different educational ideas.
4．Which statement may Lindesay agree with according to the text
A．Toughness is the best assistant of will.
B．There is no royal road to learning.
C．Actions speak louder than words.
D．Man who travels far knows much.
B
(2023·安徽合肥八中高一联考)
Buildings，pollution，poor soil，insects，and even car crashes can add to tree loss.However，between 2016 and 2021，the city of Seattle in Washington state was reported to have lost about 255 hectares of tree covering，for which climate change was blamed.Then came the driest summer on Seattle’s record books in 2022.The drier conditions and hotter temperatures have left many trees with brown leaves，naked branches，and extreme seeding.These are all signs of tree stress.
According to Nicholas Johnson，a tree expert for Seattle City Parks，if this warming climate continues we are going to have a lot of trees die.Just like people，under the heat trees get weak.
Researchers from France and Australia studied the effect of hotter temperatures and less rain on more than 3,100 trees and plants in 164 cities across 78 countries.They found about half the trees in the cities were experiencing climate conditions beyond their limits.They also found that by 2050 nearly all trees planted in Australian cities will not survive.
It’s not the gradual change but these extreme swings of too much water，too little water，too much wind，and terrible storms that are going to cause these rapid changes.In 2005，Hurricane Katrina destroyed about 10 percent of the trees in New Orleans，Louisiana.And in 2021，Hurricane Ida uprooted many new tree plantings.
To settle the problem of tree loss，non-native trees have been brought to cities for some time.In the city of Bellevue，Washington，experts are growing different kinds of trees specifically for climate change.On city grounds，they are planting baby giant sequoias，just a few centimeters tall.The giant sequoias are not native to the Pacific Northwest area.But the trees can deal with the lack of rain and insects.Once these trees are established，they grow incredibly fast.Having many different kinds and ages of trees is important to keeping urban forests alive.
“Life always finds a way，” said Nicholas Johnson.“And in Seattle，people are helping life find a way.”
5．What is the first paragraph mainly about
A．Natural reasons for tree loss.
B．The terrible climate in Seattle in recent years.
C．The bad condition of trees in Seattle.
D．The signs of tree stress.
6．What is endangering the trees in Australia cities
A．Buildings. B．Pollution.
C．Car crashes. D．Extreme climate.
7．How do tree experts solve the problem of tree death
A．By improving planting methods.
B．By changing the kinds of trees.
C．By treating trees as babies.
D．By improving the soil quality.
8．Which is Nicholas Johnson’s attitude to the future of trees in cities
A．Positive. B．Negative.
C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested.
C
(2023·江苏泰州高一期中)
Seagrass meadows(海草床) are wonder plants growing in the sea.They feed and preserve sea life and are masterful at storing carbon.Thanks to the assistance of tiger sharks，a huge seagrass meadow in the Bahamas Banks was recently discovered，offering the world a tool to fight climate change.
Seagrass has usually been detected by Earth orbiting satellites that identify darker areas in the blue water.In this study，tiger sharks were selected as research tools due to their consistent and close associations with seagrass ecosystems.They spend 70% of their time in seagrass meadows.The team equipped eight tiger sharks with satellite tags，seven sharks with camera tags，and used a 360-degree camera on a shark for the first time ever.
The data researchers collected was astonishing.The world’s largest seagrass ecosystem，measuring at least 66,900 square kilometers，has been discovered.This reflects a 41% increase from previous estimates of global seagrass.Seagrass can take in huge quantities of carbon by photosynthesis and stores it on the seafloor.In terms of climate change，this is excellent news; seagrass is 35 times faster at removing carbon than tropical rainforests.When referred to global seagrass carbon stock estimates，the study indicates that seagrass in the Bahamas may contain 19.2% to 26.3% of all the carbon stored in seagrass meadows on Earth.
Yet seagrass meadows are rapidly disappearing，with over 92% of meadows in the UK gone，according to the World Wildlife Fund.Scientists are collecting seeds and trying to grow new seagrass meadows through restoration projects.This new discovery offers optimism and proves the importance of the ocean for healing and repairing the damage.
The sharks led us to the seagrass ecosystem in the Bahamas，which we now know is likely the most significant blue carbon sink on the planet.What this discovery shows us is that ocean exploration and research are essential for a healthy future.The untapped potential of the ocean is limitless.These meadows can be protected and can be replicated(复制)，offering hope for climate change around the globe.
9．Why were tiger sharks chosen as research tools
A．They manage to adjust themselves to the deep sea.
B．They can be easily equipped with experimental devices.
C．They have a strong connection with seagrass ecosystems.
D．They prove to be much more important than other sea animals.
10.What can we learn from the numbers in paragraph 3
A．The decline of global seagrass meadows.
B．The influence of climate change on the sea life.
C．The rapid increase in the amount of carbon on Earth.
D．The potential value of the world’s largest seagrass ecosystem.
11．What are scientists doing to protect seagrass
A．Mapping the seagrass meadows.
B．Planting more seagrass meadows.
C．Developing new technology to collect seeds.
D．Encouraging people to join in restoration projects.
12．Which could be the best title for the text
A．The New Way of Removing Carbon
B．The Significance of Ocean Exploration
C．A New Discovery: World’s Largest Seagrass Meadow
D．Tiger Sharks: Scientists’ Efficient Helpers to Study Climate
Ⅱ.七选五
Learning to Love Locally-Grown Foods
Cooking shows on TV are usually all about foreign foods.Thanks to globalization，people everywhere are introducing their taste buds to dishes from every corner of the world. 1 In the past few years，the number of people purchasing local foods has been rising because it offers a lot of benefits.
For starters，local food is often tastier because it is fresher.Imported goods must be flown or shipped in from far away，so they naturally lose some of their freshness during the journey. 2 These materials may cause the nutritional value of these goods to decline during the shipping process.Food safety is another reason why people are choosing local produce.Today’s laws regarding foods vary from country to country. 3 But when you know the local farmer who grows your food，the chances of it being polluted are greatly reduced.
Buying local foods can also have a beneficial impact on the environment. 4 Besides，if farmers can sell directly to consumers，they will earn more money for their families.Additional profits also enable farmers to better care for their soil and keep quality standards high.In the end，it’s a win-win situation.
5 This is an open area where farmers sell fruits，vegetables，and meat directly to the public.Once you experience the freshness of local foods for yourself，it might be tough to go back to the supermarket.
A．Buying local，consumers can maintain green space and farmland in their communities.
B．However，some disagree with the idea.
C．To conclude，the farmers can make more money.
D．Imported goods must also be packaged in plastic or other containers.
E．This makes it difficult to detect if any harmful chemicals have been used.
F．At the same time，other people are discovering food from their area is the best.
G．If you’re interested in having more local foods，you can even attend a farmers’ market.
课时精练四
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了威廉·林赛是著名的长城专家和自然环境保护主义者，他和他的妻子吴琪带着孩子走遍世界各地，用实际行动践行了读万卷书不如行万里路。
1．C　[推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，他们的旅行完全不轻松——他们在炎热干燥的沙漠进行文化研究，在新西兰进行长达53公里的徒步旅行，一天攀登了三座英国山峰，耗时六天乘火车从北京到莫斯科。由此可推知，他们的旅行是具有挑战性的。故选C。]
2．A　[词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句和画线词后的“pricey hotels and restaurants where possible”以及林赛提到的例子可知，这个家庭并不富有，他们只选择把钱花在旅游上，而且尽可能避开昂贵的酒店和餐馆。由此可知，画线词的含义应是“避开，回避，避免”。故选A。]
3．B　[细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，他们的旅程可能持续数周或数月，有时会与孩子的学校教育冲突。由此可知，他们在旅行中遇到的问题是时间安排上的冲突。故选B。]
4．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，林赛认为孩子们可能在学校考试中取得好成绩，但在有不同的语言、文化和政治结构的遥远的地方旅行才是真正的考验。由此可推知，林赛可能赞同“远行者见闻多”。故选D。]
5．C　[段落大意题。第一段第一句列出加剧树木损失的因素，后面则说明了由于气候变化西雅图的树木损失情况越来越严重，由此可知，第一段主要是关于西雅图树木的糟糕状况，故选C。]
6．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，城市中一半的树木都无法忍受极端天气状况，澳大利亚城市中的树木到2050年可能全部死亡，由此可推知，是极端的气候正在危及澳大利亚城市的树木，故选D。]
7．B　[细节理解题。根据第五段“...non-native trees have been brought to...”以及“...growing different kinds of trees...”可知，树木专家通过引进非本土的树、种植不同品种的树，即改变树木的种类来解决树木死亡的问题。故选B。]
8．A　[观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“And in Seattle，people are helping life find a way.”可知“在西雅图，人们正在为生命寻找出路”(此处“life”指代文中反复提到的“trees”)，因此，Nicholas Johnson对城市树木的未来持积极的态度，故选A。]
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。科学家们通过虎鲨的帮助，在巴哈马海岸发现了一片巨大的海草床，这为世界提供了应对气候变化的新可能。
9．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段“...due to their consistent and close associations with seagrass ecosystems.”可知，虎鲨被选为研究工具是因为它们与海草生态系统有着密切的联系。故选C。]
10．D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The world’s largest seagrass ecosystem，measuring at least 66,900 square kilometers...contain 19.2% to 26.3% of all the carbon stored in seagrass meadows on Earth.”可知，从数字来看，这里是世界上最大的海草生态系统，面积庞大，吸收碳的速度非常快、总量非常多，进而有助于应对气候危机。由此推知，这些数字表明了该海草生态系统巨大的潜在价值。故选D。]
11．B　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Scientists are collecting seeds and trying to grow new seagrass meadows through restoration projects.”可知，科学家们通过种植海草床来保护海草。故选B。]
12．C　[标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段可知，文章主要介绍了科学家们通过虎鲨的帮助，在巴哈马海岸发现了目前世界上已知最大的海草床，这为世界提供了应对气候变化的新可能。故选C。]
Ⅱ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。购买本地食物有很多有益的影响，所以作者建议我们学会爱上当地种植的食物。
1．F　[空后一句提到，在过去的几年里购买当地食物的人数在上升，说明人们发现了当地食物的好处。故F选项“与此同时，其他人发现他们所在地区的食物是最好的”符合语境，故选F。]
2．D　[空前一句提到进口货物需要长途运输，空后一句说到这些材料会导致食品的营养价值下降，D选项“Imported goods must also be packaged in plastic or other containers.”中提到的“...in plastic or other containers”与空后面的“these materials”相呼应，符合语境，故选D。]
3．E　[空前一句说明关于食品的法律因国家而异，E选项“这使得很难检测是否使用了任何有害化学物质”与上文形成因果关系，符合语境，故选E。]
4．A　[根据空前一句可知，购买本地食物对环境有好处。A选项“通过购买当地食品，消费者能够维持他们社区的绿色空间和农田”是对上文的解释，符合语境，故选A。]
5．G　[根据后文“This is an open area where farmers sell fruits，vegetables，and meat directly to the public.”可知，空处提到了一个买卖本地食物的地点，G选项“如果你想买更多的当地食物，你甚至可以去农贸市场”符合语境，故选G。]