牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balance Welcome to the unit & Reading课时精练一（含答案）

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When Ariel Cordova-Rojas rode her bike to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in Queens，New York，last November，she planned to go hiking and bird-watching.Bingo!
A mile into her walk，she spotted a beautiful female mute swan(疣鼻天鹅) near the water’s edge.Cordova-Rojas,30，who had worked at the Wild Bird Fund recovery center in Manhattan，knew that mute swans can be battlesome.But as she approached this one，it didn’t move.She was certain that the bird needed medical attention.Cordova-Rojas placed her jacket over the bird’s head to keep it calm，carefully picked it up，and held it in her arms.And then a thought struck her: What do I do now
Her best bet was the recovery center，but that was across the East River and clear on the other side of town.How was she going to transport a 17-pound swan on her bike all that way Luckily，some strangers driving by offered her，her bike，and the swan a lift to a nearby subway station.She worried others might be disturbed.However，on the subway，no one seemed particularly fazed by the feathered passenger.One guy，says Cordova-Rojas，was “sitting right in front of me on his phone.I don’t know if he noticed there was a swan in front of him”．
Cordova-Rojas called the recovery center，and Tristan Higginbotham，an animal-care manager，picked her up at the subway station and drove bird，bike，and the rescuer to the facility.There，staff members determined that the swan might have lead poisoning.
The staff got the swan back up on her feet.She even made a boyfriend at the center—another injured swan.Sadly，even with all that tender loving care，the swan fell ill with a bacterial infection.Two months after Cordova-Rojas came to her rescue，she passed away.
It’s a disappointing ending，but the real story is just how far some people are willing to go to save a swan in the big city literally.In all，Cordova-Rojas traveled two hours by foot，car，and subway (with her bike)．“That’s the perfect summary of who she is，” says Higginbotham.
1．How did Cordova-Rojas know the swan was in trouble
A．She noticed a scar on the swan.
B．She found the swan trapped in water.
C．The swan was behaving in an abnormal way.
D．The swan attacked her when she came near it.
2．What does the underlined word “fazed” in paragraph 3 mean
A．On top of the world.
B．In the wrong.
C．On the rocks.
D．At a loss.
3．How was the swan’s life at the recovery center
A．The swan enjoyed its staying there.
B．Many people came to visit the swan.
C．The swan suffered a lot of pain there.
D．The swan’s life there was totally disappointing.
4．What sort of person was Cordova-Rojas
A．Curious and generous.
B．Caring and thoughtful.
C．Energetic and independent.
D．Sensible and straightforward.
B
(2023·江苏泰州高一联考)
Recently，a team of researchers in Oxford University found that creating fuel(燃料) for planes out of CO2 could soon be a reality.
The process uses cheap iron as a material to catch CO2 from the air and turns it into fuel for planes.The researchers have described their discovery as “significant social progress” in how the plentiful greenhouse gas (CO2) is turned into fuel and its potential to make flying more environmentally acceptable.
Aviation(航空) is a large and growing contributor to the greenhouse effect.It contributes around 10 per-cent of the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions(排放)．Flying has as a result become an environmental battleground with environmentalists strongly against expansion of air travel for increasing CO2 emissions.
The UK，by law，is determined to get to “zero” carbon emissions by 2050，so a new form of carbon fuel must be found.The problem for aviation is that its fuel breaks down and gives off CO2 and water，and both of them are sent out into the atmosphere.
However，the new technique would catch the gas in the air and create fuel，without the need of filling up with new fuel from the ground.CO2 is highly stable(稳定的)，but the researchers managed to turn it back into fuel by using a chemical change powered by an iron-based material—at low temperatures—and adding hydrogen(H2)．
Professor Edwards said the achievement could put Britain at a leading level of a new green industry.He expected it could increase production in two to three years and the team is in discussion with UK industries to set up a factory to put it into production.“Our plan is that the world can see that CO2 can be used as energy carrier to enable aviation to last，” he said.
5.Why is the new form of fuel considered as “significant social progress”？
A．It is cost-effective.
B．It’s made from CO2.
C．It’s environmentally friendly.
D．It makes flying much stabler.
6．What’s the main driving factor of the achievement
A．The shortage of petrol.
B．The existing law of the UK.
C．The pressure from the environmentalists.
D．The aim of “zero” carbon emissions by 2050.
7．What can we infer from what Professor Edwards said
A．The researchers can’t win support from UK industries.
B．It’s easy to see that CO2 can be used as energy carrier.
C．British has been playing a leading role in green industry.
D．It takes time and efforts to put the technique into practical use.
8．What is the most suitable title of this article
A．A Significant Chemical Change
B．Emission-free Flight Fueled out of CO2
C．CO2—A Useful Gas If Properly Used
D．Aviation—A Greenhouse-effect Contributor
C
One million species in nature are at risk of dying out，more than ever before in human history，according to a UN report released in May.And humans should be responsible.
The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) based the assessment(评估) on some 15,000 sources considering the causes and results of environmental changes over the past 50 years.
The findings are clear and alarming.The researchers have found that about 25 percent of the world’s plants and animals are at risk of dying out.These include sea and land animals.Even the domesticated(驯养的) animals are at risk: Over 9 percent of the domesticated animal species used for food and agriculture might have been lost.
There are some big problems.This rapid decrease of the natural world endangers global food safety and quality of life.For example，about 4 billion people rely on natural medicines，produced by the disappearing species，for their health care.And losses of species of plants threaten up to $577 billion in crops each year.
The researchers found five drivers responsible for the unpleasant news.They think at the top of the list is the change of land and sea use.The change in ecosystems towards agriculture and other human developments has led to changes in the natural living space of species.It is followed by the direct overuse of creatures (harvesting crops，cutting down the trees，hunting and fishing) and climate change，including rising sea levels and increasing extreme-weather events，wildfires，floods and droughts.The final causes of species’ dying out are pollution，and the spread of non-native species that can displace or kill native plants and animals.
The researchers say it is time for humans to make a change.They think maybe a new global way to save food and refuse waste in our life could turn the tables.Whether that is possible is an open question.
9．What is the main purpose of the first paragraph
A．To introduce the topic of the text.
B．To introduce the schedule of the report.
C．To introduce humans’ sense of responsibility.
D．To introduce the history of human development.
10．What does paragraph 3 mainly show
A．The reliability of the findings.
B．The seriousness of species loss.
C．The species of animals worldwide.
D．The risky experiences of the researchers.
11．What is the biggest threat to species’ survival according to the researchers
A．Climate change.
B．Natural disasters.
C．Changes of their living space.
D．The direct overuse of creatures.
12．What are the researchers in favor of
A．Changing our living habits.
B．Spreading non-native species.
C．Limiting native plants and animals.
D．Stopping discussing the food problem.
Ⅱ.七选五
Many people think of sharks as dangerous monsters.But human beings cause a far greater danger to them than they do to us.Although shark attacks do occur，they are quite rare.According to one estimate，however，humans kill 100 million sharks every year. 1
Why should we save the sharks
Sharks take up the top position on the food chain in the ocean.As sharks die off，the population of the animals that sharks consume will increase.This，in turn，means that the number of the creatures those animals eat will drop. 2 Fish that eat algae(藻类) are also included.This can cause algae to spread so much that it damages coral reefs.
3 The ocean not only produces more oxygen than all the rainforests on Earth combined，but also removes half of the man-made greenhouse gas from the atmosphere.Once sharks die off，the global ecosystem will be upset，affecting all creatures including human beings.
Don’t use shark products.
First，vitamin energy drinks and leather goods can be made from shark parts. 4 In addition，shark meat is sold around the world，sometimes under misleading names such as rock salmon or whitefish.
Shark fin soup is a popular dish.However，the process of getting fins is cruel.Fishermen cut the shark’s fins off and then throw the shark back into the water，still alive. 5 Sharks breathe by swimming，so a shark that can’t swim will die.
A．It is time for children to learn about sharks.
B．Shark oil is also used in many popular beauty products.
C．Then the shark dies slowly，sometimes over several days.
D．Actually，the killing of sharks will affect the whole planet.
E．People in some countries are especially keen on shark products.
F．Among them are some sea fish that humans consume every day.
G．This number is a warning that many kinds of sharks may die out.
课时精练一
Ⅰ.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了30岁的科尔多瓦·罗哈斯偶遇一只受伤的疣鼻天鹅，并对其实施救助的故事。
1．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二至四句可知，疣鼻天鹅本性好斗，但是当科尔多瓦·罗哈斯靠近这只天鹅时，它没有动。正是它的反常行为让她知道天鹅遇到了麻烦。故选C。]
2．D　[词义猜测题。根据上文“She worried others might be disturbed.”和画线词所在句中的However可推知，她担心的事情并未发生，没人觉得天鹅乘地铁有什么不妥，没有人看起来“困惑不解”。结合选项，画线词与“at a loss”意思相近。故选D。]
3．A　[推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一、二句可知，天鹅在康复中心重新站了起来，还交了男朋友，由此可推知，天鹅享受在康复中心的生活。故选A。]
4．B　[推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第二段中Cordova-Rojas果断而细心地救助天鹅的行为和最后一段中的“Cordova-Rojas traveled two hours by foot，car，and subway (with her bike)”可知，她富有爱心，而且细心周到。故选B。]
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。牛津大学的研究人员宣布用二氧化碳制造飞机燃料将很快成为现实。
5．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，这种新型燃料之所以是一个重大的社会进步是因为它可以使飞行变得更环保。故选C。]
6．D　[推理判断题。根据第四段首句可推断，英国决心在2050年前实现“零”碳排放推动研究人员实现了这个成就。故选D。]
7．D　[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He expected it could increase production in two to three years and the team is in discussion with UK industries to set up a factory to put it into production.”可推断，这项技术如果想投入使用还需要时间和努力。故选D。]
8．B　[标题归纳题。根据第一段及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的用二氧化碳制造飞机燃料的研究；而根据第二段可知，用二氧化碳制造的飞机燃料是零排放的。所以B项“以二氧化碳供能的零排放飞行”最适合作为标题。故选B。]
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。联合国的一份报告表明，现在世界上有100多万物种面临灭绝，文章分析了物种濒临灭绝的原因以及对人类造成的影响，并呼吁人类应该做出改变。
9．A　[推理判断题。第一段引用联合国公布的一项报告，说明世界上物种灭绝问题严重。结合下文对物种灭绝的原因和后果的分析推知，本段的目的是引出本文的话题。故选A。]
10．B　[段落大意题。根据第三段中的“about 25 percent of the world’s plants and animals are at risk of dying out”及“Even the domesticated(驯养的) animals are at risk”可知，本段主要说明了物种灭绝的严重性。故选B。]
11．C　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二、三句可知，研究者认为物种生存的最大威胁是动物生存空间的变化。故选C。]
12．A　[观点态度题。根据最后一段前两句可知，研究者说我们人类应该做出改变了，或许一种新的全球性的节省食物和拒绝我们生活中的浪费的方法可以扭转局面。由此推知，研究者支持“改变我们的生活习惯”这一观点。故选A。]
Ⅱ.
1．G　[空前一句提到人类每年杀死1亿只鲨鱼，下文提到我们应该保护鲨鱼，所以G项“这个数字是一个警告，许多种类的鲨鱼可能会灭绝”符合语境，G项中“This number”指代上文的“100 million”，故选G。]
2．F　[上文提到鲨鱼数量减少对食物链的影响，结合下文“Fish that...also included”可知，空处应是提到鱼类会受到影响，F项“其中有一些是人类每天食用的海鱼”符合语境，F项中的“Among them”呼应下文的“also included”，故选F。]
3．D　[根据下文“Once sharks die off，the global ecosystem will be upset，affecting all creatures including human beings.”可知，本段是讲述鲨鱼数量减少对全球生态系统的影响，D项“事实上，捕杀鲨鱼会影响到整个地球”统领本段，符合语境。故选D。]
4．B　[空前一句提到鲨鱼被制成饮料和皮制品，空后一句提到鲨鱼肉被售卖，可知本段是在介绍鲨鱼制品，B项“鲨鱼油也被用于许多流行的美容产品中”符合语境，故选B。]
5．C　[空前一句提到被割掉鱼鳍的鲨鱼被扔回海里，空后一句说明没有鱼鳍的鲨鱼不能游泳，无法呼吸，所以几天就会死亡，C项“然后鲨鱼慢慢死去，有时会持续几天”符合语境，故选C。]