2024年江苏省无锡中考英语任务型阅读专题复习学案（无答案）

任务型阅读专题
任务型阅读释义
任务型阅读理解要求学生在阅读文章后对文章中的某些内容或整篇文章做出概括，考察了学生的文本理解能力，语言转化能力，篇章结构把握能力，是一种读写结合的题型。
任务型阅读特点
1.体裁：短文一般涵盖记叙文、议论文、说明文、应用文等多种体裁。
2.题目：以表格的形式出现。
3.题型分类：原词重现、信息转换、归纳概括。
任务型阅读的难点
1.如何建立表格与阅读文本之间的关联
主要考察学生对篇章结构的把握能力，即就某一共同话题/共同点，准确将表格的每一部分与篇章的每一段落相对应起来，建立起关联。
建立表格与阅读文本之间的关联---structure
建立表格与阅读文本之间的关联---relationship
2.如何利用阅读文本填空
How to locate the related information (如何精准定位)
How to use proper forms of words (如何合理定形)
How to conclude from the context (如何整体定意)
具体步骤
（一）精准定位
The skill required is to compare the table with the reading material carefully and find out missing parts accordingly.
仔细比对文本后，根据任务型表格中内容快速定位原文本中相似内容。
1. Use your time wisely.
Before starting, don't forget to clear your desk. Also, make sure you have all the things you need to study so you don't lose focus.
While studying, be sure to make regular (有规律的) short breaks. Get a snack, take a bathroom break or play a quick computer game when it feels as if you feel tired.
Use your time wisely 3._____________to clear the desk and get all the things ready.Take short breaks regularly.
2. Form a study group.
Studying with parents or friends can help you understand the material better and to learn from one another. Have every person or pair take a part of the material, and come up with questions to quiz the group. Keep the group small and make sure that conversation stays on what is being studied.
Form a study group Have a better4.________________of the material with the help of group members.Keep the group small to make the conversation go on as you expect.
3. Plan your study time.
Trying to do all studying the night before a test makes it impossible to master all the material. It will also make you tired and stressed on the day of the test. Instead, plan study time for a test each day for several days before.
Plan your study time 2.__________trying to do all studying the night before a test.Plan study time for a test each day for several days before.
练一练：
1. The cafes not only provide help with repairs, they also strengthen community ties. Neighbours get to know one another as they work together on projects. Moreover, valuable knowledge is passed along and preserved. Items are kept rather than thrown away, meaning less rubbish in landfills.
They help improve the _____55______ between neighbours. They help pass along and preserve valuable knowledge. They help ________56_________ the environment.
2. Today, we collect the wind’s energy with wind turbines(涡轮). A turbine is similar to a windmill; it is a very tall tower with two or three blades(叶片) at the top. These blades are turned by the wind. The blades turn a generator(发电机) located inside the tower, which creates power.
Modern times It is _____54______with turbines, which are tall windmill-like towers with two or three blades at the top and a generator inside.
合理定形
The skill required is to stick to grammar rules and accumulate expressions in different ways.
比对文本后，仔细阅读任务型表格中的句子结构，严格按照语法规则，尤其关注词性、词形、句式、释义（近义词、反义词）等，多积累一词多译。
常见的词性转换：
to form nouns：
◆the suffixes -ty , ility -----------difficulty safety ...
◆ the suffixes -ence, -ance ----------- confidence difference importance ...
◆the suffix -ness -----------sadness happiness carelessness...
◆the suffix -ion -----------decision discussion ...
◆the suffix -ment ----------- achievement development ...
to form adjectives
◆ the suffixes -ful, -less -----------successful careful/careless useful/useless...
◆ the suffix -able -----------valuable suitable comfortable...
◆ the suffix -ern -----------western eastern northern southern...
to form adverbs
◆ the suffix -ly
widely correctly successfully easily carefully ...
词性转换
Studying is important to students. But it is also difficult to find enough time to study every subject you need. So a good plan helps you to make sure of your success in study.
The ______________ of a study plan A good study plan is helpful in achieving your success in study.
It's important to get a good night's sleep and then eat a healthy breakfast the next morning.This way, both your mind and body are fully prepared.
Don't forget last-minute preparation Sleep5.________ and eat a healthy breakfast the nextmorning.Stop studying an hour beforehand.
词形转换
常见的词形转换：
反义词/近义词转换 e.g. remember- forget, need- require
名词单复数/所有格转换
动词单复数/时态/语态转换
形容词/副词三级别转换
基数词/序数词转换 e.g. one- first two-second
Egg fights: Children are undoubtedly crazy about this game. With a boiled egg, each child tries to break the egg of their competitor. Whoever’s egg breaks first is the loser, and needs to eat the egg as a punishment. The champion in the game is awarded the title of “Egg King”.
Special actvities Egg fights is a game that children are crazy about. If a child _____58________ the game, he needs to eat the egg.
Her acting career began in 2002 when she made her first appearance on TV. Other small parts on TV and in a few films followed. Then finally in 2011, Markle got her big break. She won a lead role in the popular TV series Suits.
Acting career It started in 2002 when she ____58_____ on TV for the first time. She played some small parts on TV and in films afterwards. She got the lead role in the popular TV series Suits in 2011.
句式转换：需注意句式结构发生的变化，如主被动等。
Postman's first Repair Cafe opened on Oct. 18, 2009, in Amsterdam, and was a huge success. News of the cafe spread, and people began asking how they could start their own. In 2011, Postma set up the Repair Cafe Foundation. This nonprofit organization provides guidance to those hoping to begin their own neighbourhood repair group.
Basic information The first one was________52_______ by Martine Postma in Amsterdam in 2009.
Britons are well known for drinking tea. The average (典型的) person in the UK drinks around 1.9 kg of tea every year. That’s around 876 cups of tea. Tea is drunk by all levels of society. But tea does not grow in Britain. Most tea grows in India and China. So, how did it become an important part of British culture
Important facts Tea is not _____53____ in the UK, but mostly in India and China.
释义转换
常见的释义转换：
make one’s dream come true =realize/achieve one’s dream
be the same as = be similar to
be important =matter
say no to sth = refuse to do
succeed in doing sth =manage to do
represent = stand for
don’t do sth/prevent sth = avoid doing
get to=reach = arrive in/at
ask sb for help = turn to sb. for help
(don’t)have the ability to do = be unable/able to do
go well with = match
more than = over
don’t have money to do = can’t afford to do
cause = lead to
on one’s own = alone= by oneself
Today, there are about 2,000 Repair Cafes around the world with meetings usually taking place once a month. Around 25 objects are repaired during each meeting. Everything is free, but donations are greatly welcome.
Basic information Repairing things at such a cafe 53 nothing but donations are welcome.
Meghan Markle was born in Los Angeles, California, in 1981. Her mother, Doria, was a doctor, and her father, Tom, was a television lighting director. For 10 years after school each day, young Meghan spent time at the studio where her father worked. This experience allowed her to become very comfortable with the acting business. For that reason, she knew she wanted to become an actress from a very early age.
Background information She wanted to be an actress when she was very 57 .
Britons are well known for drinking tea. The average (典型的) person in the UK drinks around 1.9 kg of tea every year. That’s around 876 cups of tea. Tea is drunk by all levels of society. But tea does not grow in Britain. Most tea grows in India and China. So, how did it become an important part of British culture
Tea arrived in London in the 1600s. At this time, British ships were exploring the world and came across the drink in China. It was not long before green tea could be bought from the market. However, it was only for the rich people.
At the beginning of the 1700s, the amount（数量）of tea arriving in Britain increased rapidly . Black tea arrived at this time. At first this tea served exactly as it was in China. They soon discovered that it mixed really well with a little milk and sugar, giving the drink a special British colour.
In the 1800s, tea was still a product enjoyed only by people with money. At this time they began to have “afternoon tea”. They drank tea with a snack around 4 pm to avoid feeling hungry between lunch and dinner. It is a still going today but has become less popular in recent times.
Big events A little milk and sugar were found to be a perfect 55 for black tea and a special British drink was born.
整体定意
The skill required is to to pay attention to the theme and the structure of the reading material.
从文章的主题和篇章结构入手，分析清楚段落大意和逻辑层次，明确基本段落的功能，熟记概括性词汇。
1. Beginning of Summer, one of the Chinese 24 solar terms, usually falls each year on a day between May 5 and 7 according to the calendar. For centuries, people of the Banshan neighbourhood in Hangzhou, Zhejiang hold a lot of events. Celebrations usually begin with parade made up of people dressed up in traditional Chinese clothing, Hanfu. After the parade, local people take part in some activities at the square.
Eating black rice: A few days before Beginning of Summer, people of Banshan begin busying themselves with cooking black rice. They mix rice and the juice of fresh-picked sea bilberry leaves. Black rice culture started from the Tang Dynasty (618-907). It is believed that children who eat black rice will not be bitten by insects and will be fit the whole summer.
Weighing people: Local people of Banshan developed the interesting tradition of weighing people on this day to check the changes in their bodyweight over the past year. People of all ages take part in the activity. Locals believe that people who weigh themselves on this day will not only have good luck, but also guard against weight loss during the coming summer.
Egg fights: Children are undoubtedly crazy about this game. With a boiled egg, each child tries to break the egg of their competitor. Whoever’s egg breaks first is the loser, and needs to eat the egg as a punishment. The champion in the game is awarded the title of “Egg King”.
Today these activities have given birth to a series of special customs in Banshan on Beginning of Summer.
Title: Traditions on Beginning of Summer: A Taste of Food and _____54_____
2. When things around the house stop working, what do you usually do with them If you're like a lot of people, you probably just throw them away.
In some areas, it's difficult to find people who can make repairs, and fixing things can be quite expensive. Also, some small objects are so inexpensive that it's often easier to just buy a new one.
In 2009, Martine Postma from the Netherlands decided there must be a better way. Her solution was Repair Cafes: places where people can take broken items. There they will find tools, resources and volunteer experts who are ready to help with repairs.
Postma's first Repair Cafe opened on Oct. 18, 2009, in Amsterdam, and was a huge success. News of the cafe spread, and people began asking how they could start their own. In 2011, Postma set up the Repair Cafe Foundation. This nonprofit organization provides guidance to those hoping to begin their own neighbourhood repair group.
Today, there are about 2,000 Repair Cafes around the world with meetings usually taking place once a month. Around 25 objects are repaired during each meeting. Everything is free, but donations are greatly welcome.
The cafes not only provide help with repairs, they also strengthen community ties. Neighbours get to know one another as they work together on projects. Moreover, valuable knowledge is passed along and preserved. Items are kept rather than thrown away, meaning less rubbish in landfills.
_____54____ They help improve the relationship between neighbours. They help pass along and preserve valuable knowledge. They help protect the environment.
常用的概括性词汇:
意图与目的/目标: purpose(s)/ aim(s)/ goal(s)
原因: cause(s) (of)/ reason(s)(for)
结果: result(s)
建议: advice / suggestion(s) / tip(s)
方式方法: method(s) / way(s)
对比类: similarities / differences advantages/benefits/disadvantage
主题: topic(s) / subject(s)
种类: type(s) / kind(s)
形势/情形: situation(s) / condition(s)
特点特征:characteristic(s)
重要性/意义: importance / meaning(s)
总结
理清解题步骤：
1. 先表后文，建立表格与阅读文本之间的关联
2. 追本溯源，整合归纳:精准定位、合理定形、整体定意
3. 复读检查，注意细节
注意检查：
①字母大小写，表格形式是否一致
②名词的单复数
③动词的形式
④形容词副词的比较级最高级
⑤连词、介词
⑥时态语态，主谓一致，第三人称，整个文章结构（大小标题）等
练习
Although being the second-smallest independent state in the world, Monaco enjoys excellent weather and beautiful settings between the Mediterranean Sea and France. Monte Carlo is its capital. Interestingly, the country does not own any other city. Every May Monaco has car racing events, such as the Monaco Grand Prix. Tourism contributes about 25% of the government income（收入）.Museums and zoos are famous places of interest; so are the royal palace and the opera house.
Monaco was built by the Phoenicians who were in power there till the 5h century B.C. The House of Grimaldi has ruled Monaco since 1297 and the first Prince Rainier got the throne in 1304. Later Monaco was protected by different countries at different times. In 1612 Honor II signed an agreement of friendship with France, and the country has remained independent ever since.
50% of the people of Monaco are the French, with the rest consisting of Americans, Italians, the British and Belgians. Although the official religion(宗教）of Monaco is Roman Catholic, there is religious freedom in this French-speaking country.
Prince Rainier III rules the country with a minister of state who is French. A National Council with 18 members is in charge of laws. The legend of the small country was further spread by the marriage of Prince Rainier III to the American actress Grace Kelly in 1956.
Title: Monaco-An independent 1.____________
Attractions ※ Monte Carlo is its 2.____________ city and capital. ※ It has some big events and owns many places of interest. ※ Tourism makes a great contribution to the government income.
3.____________ ※ It was once ruled by the Phoenicians and the House of Grimaldi. It also got protection from many countries. ※ It has been independent since 1612.
People and Religion ※ 50% of its people are the French, with Americans, Italians, the British and Belgians making up the other 4.____________. ※ People are free to choose their own religions.
Government ※ Prince Rainier III, the minister of state, and the National Council run the country together. ※ It became more famous after Prince Rainier III 5.____________ Grace Kelly.
People have been using the wind’s energy for a long, long time. More than 5, 000 years ago, ancient Egyptians made boats powered by the wind. In 200 B.C., people used windmills(风车) in China.
Today, we collect the wind’s energy with wind turbines(涡轮). A turbine is similar to a windmill; it is a very tall tower with two or three blades(叶片) at the top. These blades are turned by the wind. The blades turn a generator(发电机) located inside the tower, which creates power.
Groups of wind turbines are known as wind farms. Wind farms can be found near farmland, in narrow mountain passes, and even in the ocean, where there are stronger winds. Wind farms create power for nearby homes, schools and other buildings.
In places like the Midwest and along coasts, winds can provide cheap power. Another great advantage of wind power is that it is a clean form of energy. Wind turbines do not burn oil or coal and do not pollute the air.
Wind is not always an ideal source of energy, however. Wind speed changes from time to time, depending on the time of day, weather and location. Wind turbines can be also dangerous for bats and birds. These animals cannot always tell how fast the blades are moving and crash into them.
Title: ___52___ Energy
Ancient times People in Egypt made wind-powered boats ___53___ 5,000 years ago. People in China used windmills in 200 B.C.
Modern times It is ___54___ with turbines, which are tall windmill-like towers with two or three blades at the top and a generator inside. The wind turns the blades and the blades turn the generator to create power.
Advantages Winds produce power at a low ___55___ in certain areas. Wind turbines do not cause air pollution.
Disadvantages Wind speed does not remain at the same ___56___ all the time. Wind turbines can be dangerous for animals like bats and birds.